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• Day 2 - Game Design Documentation

  - by dapostolov

  So yesterday I didn't cut any code for my game but I was able to do a tiny bit of research on the XNA Game Development Technology and the communities out there and do you know what? I feel I'm a bit closer to my goal. The bad news is today I didn't cut code either. However, not all is lost because I wanted to get my ideas on paper and today I just did that.  Today, I began to jot down notes about the game and how I felt the visual elements would interact with each other. Unlike my workplace, my personal level of documentation is nothing more than a task list or a mind map of my ideas; it helps me streamline my solutions quiet effectively and circumvent the long process of articulating each thought to the n-th degree. I truly dislike documentation (because I have an extremely hard time articulating my thought and solutions); however, because I tend to do a really good job with documentation I tend to get stuck writing the buggers. But as a generalist remark: 'No Developer likes documentation.' For now let's stick with my basic notes and call this post a living document. Here are my notes, fresh, from after watching the new first episode of Merlin second season! Actually, a quick recommendation to anyone who is reading this (if anyone is): I truly recommend you envelope yourself in the medium or task you're trying to tackle. Be one with moment and feel it! For instance: Are you writing a fantasy script / game? What would the music of the genre sound like? For me the Conan the Barbarian soundtrack by Basil Poledouris is frackin awesome. There are many other good CD's out there, which I listen to (some who even use medival instruments, but Conan I keep returning to. It's a creative trigger for me. Ask yourself what would the imagery look like? Time to surf google for artist renditions of fantasy! What would the game feel like? Start playing some of your favorite games that inspire you, be wary though, have some self control and don't let it absorb your time. Anyhow, onto the documentation... Screens, Scenes, and Sprites. Oh My! (groan...) The first thing that came to mind were the screens, I thought the following would suffice: Menu Screen Character Customisation Screen Loading Screen? Battle Ground The Menu Screen Ok. So, the thought here is when the game loads a huge title is displayed: Wizard Wars. The player is prompted with 3 menu items: 1 Player Game, 2 Player Game, and Exit. Since I'm targetting the PC platform, as a non-networked game to start, I picture myself running my mouse over each menu option and the visual element of the menu item changes, along with a sound to indicate that I am over a curent menu item. And as I move my mouse away, it changes back, and possibly an exit mouse sound. Maybe on the screen somewhere is a brazier alit with a magical tome open right beside it, OR, maybe the tome is the menu! I hear the menu music as mellow, not obtrusive or piercing. On a menu item select, a confirmation sound bellows to indicate the players selection. The Esc key will always return me to the previous screens or desktop. The menu screen must feel...dark, like a really important ritual is about to happen and thus the music should build up. 1 Player Game - > Customize Character(s) 2 Player Game - > Customize Character(s) Exit - > Back to Windows Notes: So the first thing I pick up here are a couple things: First and foremost, my artistic abilities suck crap, so I may have to hire an artist (now that i've said that, lets get techy) graphical objects will be positioned within a scene on each screen / window. Menu items will be represented grapically, possibly animated, and have sound / animation effects triggered by user input or a time line. I have an animated scene involving a brazier or fire on a stick IF I was to move this game to the xbox, I'd have to track which menu item is currently selected (unless I do a mouse pointer type thing.) WindowObject has a scene A Scene has many GameObjects GameObject has a position graphic or animation MenuObject is a GameObject which has a mouse in, mouse out, and click event which either does something graphically (animation), does something with sound, or moves to another screen.  Character Customisation Screen With either the 1 or 2 player option selected, both selections will come to this screen; a wizard requires a name, powers, and vestements of course! Player one will configure his character first and then player two. I considered a split screen for PC but to have two people fighting over a keyboard would probably suck. For XBox, a split screen could work; maybe when I get into the networking portion (phase 2 blog?) of this game I will remove the 2 player option for PC and provide only multiplayer and I will leave 2 player for xbox...hmm... Anyhow...I picture the creation process as follows: Name: (textbox / keyboard entry) - for xbox, this would have to be different. Robe Color: (color box, or something) Stats: Speed, Oomph, and Health. (as sliders) 1 as minimum and 10 as maximum. Ok, Back, and Cancel buttons / options. Each stat has a benefit which are listed below. The idea is the player decides if he wants his wizard to run fast, be a tank and ... hit with a purse.Regardless, the player will have a pool of 12 points to use. Ideally, A balanced wizard will have 5 in each attribute. Spells? The only spell of choice is a ball of fire which comes without question. The music and screen should still feel like a ritual. The Character Speed Basically, how fast your character moves and casts. Oomph (Best Monster Truck Voice): PURE POWAH!!! The damage output of your fireball. Health How much damage you can take. Notes: I realise the game dynamics may sound uninteresting at the moment; but I think after a couple releases, we could have some other grand ideas such as: saved profiles, gold to upgrade arsenal of spells, talents, etc...but for now...a vanilla fireball thrower mage will suffice for this experiment. OK. So... a MenuObject  may need to be loosely coupled to allow future items such as networking? may be a button? a CharacterObject has a name speed oomph health and a funky robe color. cap on the three stats (1-10) an arsenal of 1 spell (possibly could expand this) The Loading Screen As is. The Battleground Screen For now, I'm keeping the screen as max resolution for the PC. The screen isn't going to move or even be a split screen. I'm not aiming high here because I want to see what level of change is involved when new features / concepts are added to game content. I'm interested to find out if we could apply techniques such as MVC or MVVM to this type of development or is it too tightly coupled? This reminds me when when my best friend and I were brainstorming our game idea (this is going back a while...1994, 6?) and he cringed at the thought of bringing business technology into games, especially when I suggested a database to store character information and COM / DCOM as the medium, but it seems I wasn't far off (reflecting); just like his implementation of a xml "config file" for dynamic direct-x menus back before .net in 1999...anyhow...i digress... The Battle One screen, two characters lobing balls of fire at each other...It doesn't get better than that. Every so often a scroll appears...and the fireballs bounce off walls, or the wizard has rapid fire, or even scrolls of healing! The scroll options are endless. Two bars at the top, each the color of the wizard (with their name beside the bar) indicate how much health they have. Possibly the appearance of the scrolls means the battle is taking too long? I'm thinking 1 player controls: up, down, left, right and space to fire the button. Or even possibly, mouse click and shift - mouse button to fire a spell in the direction they are facing. Two player controls: a, s, d, f and space AND arrows (up, down, left, right) and Del key or Crtl. The game ends when a player has 0 health and a dialog box appears asking for a rematch / reconfigure / exit. Health goes down when a fireball (friendly or not), connects with a wizard. When a wizard connects with a scroll, a countdown clock / icon appears near the health bar and the wizard begins to glow. For the most part, a wizard can have only scroll 1 effect on him at a time. Notes: Ok, there's alot to cover here. a CharacterObject is a GameObject it travels at a set velocity it travels in a direction it has sounds (walking, running, casting, impact, dying, laughing, whistling, other?) it has animations (walking, running, casting, impact, dying, laughing, idle, other?) it has a lifespan (determined by health) it is alive or dead it has a position a ScrollObject is a GameObject it carries a transferance of points "damage" (or healing, bad scroll effect?) (determinde by caster) it carries a transferance of "other" it is stationary it has a sound on impact it has a stationary animation it has an impact animation / or transfers an impact animation it has a fade animation? it has a lifespan (determined by game) it is alive or dead it has a position a WallObject is a GameObject it has a sound on fireball impact? it is a still image / stationary it has an impact animation / or transfers an impact animation it is dead it has a position A FireBall is a GameObject it carries a transferance of poinst "damage" (or healing, bad scroll effect?) (determinde by caster) it travels at a set velocity it travels in a direction it has a sound it has a travel animation it has an impact animation / or transfers an impact animation it has a fade animation? it has a lifespan (determined by caster) it is alive or dead it has a position As I look at this, I can see some common attributes in each object that I can carry up to the GameObject. I think I'm going to end the documentation here, it's taken me a bit of time to type this all out, tomorrow. I'll load up my IDE and my paint studio to get some good old fashioned cowboy hacking going!   D.

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• ScrollViewer.EnsureVisible for Windows Phone

  - by Daniel Moth

  In my Translator By Moth app, on both the current and saved pivot pages the need arose to programmatically scroll to the bottom. In the former, case it is when a translation takes place (if the text is too long, I want to scroll to the bottom of the translation so the user can focus on that, and not their input text for translation). In the latter case it was when a new translation is saved (it is added to the bottom of the list, so scrolling is required to make it visible). On both pages a ScrollViewer is used. In my exploration of the APIs through intellisense and msdn I could not find a method that auto scrolled to the bottom. So I hacked together a solution where I added a blank textblock to the bottom of each page (within the ScrollViewer, but above the translated textblock and the saved list) and tried to make it scroll it into view from code. After searching the web I found a little algorithm that did most of what I wanted (sorry, I do not have the reference handy, but thank you whoever it was) that after minor tweaking I turned into an extension method for the ScrollViewer that is very easy to use: this.Scroller.EnsureVisible(this.BlankText); The method itself I share with you here: public static void EnsureVisible(this System.Windows.Controls.ScrollViewer scroller, System.Windows.UIElement uiElem) { System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(scroller != null); System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(uiElem != null); scroller.UpdateLayout(); double maxScrollPos = scroller.ExtentHeight - scroller.ViewportHeight; double scrollPos = scroller.VerticalOffset - scroller.TransformToVisual(uiElem).Transform(new System.Windows.Point(0, 0)).Y; if (scrollPos > maxScrollPos) scrollPos = maxScrollPos; else if (scrollPos < 0) scrollPos = 0; scroller.ScrollToVerticalOffset(scrollPos); } I am sure there are better ways, but this "worked for me" :-) Comments about this post by Daniel Moth welcome at the original blog.

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• Problem loading shaders with slimdx

  - by Levi

  I'm attempting to load an FX file in slimdx, I've got this exact FX file loading and compiling fine with XNA 4.0 but I'm getting errors with slimdx, here's my code to load it. using SlimDX.Direct3D11; using SlimDX.D3DCompiler; public static Effect LoadFXShader(string path) { Effect shader; using (var bytecode = ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile(path, null, "fx_2_0", ShaderFlags.None, EffectFlags.None)) shader = new Effect(Devices.GPU.GraphicsDevice, bytecode); return shader; } Here's the shader: #define TEXTURE_TILE_SIZE 16 struct VertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float2 TextureCoords: TEXCOORD1; }; struct PixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; //------- Constants -------- float4x4 xView; float4x4 xProjection; float4x4 xWorld; float4x4 preViewProjection; //float random; //------- Texture Samplers -------- Texture TextureAtlas; sampler TextureSampler = sampler_state { texture = <TextureAtlas>; magfilter = Point; minfilter = point; mipfilter=linear; AddressU = mirror; AddressV = mirror;}; //------- Technique: Textured -------- VertexToPixel TexturedVS( byte4 inPos : POSITION, float2 inTexCoords: TEXCOORD0) { inPos.w = 1; VertexToPixel Output = (VertexToPixel)0; float4x4 preViewProjection = mul (xView, xProjection); float4x4 preWorldViewProjection = mul (xWorld, preViewProjection); Output.Position = mul(inPos, preWorldViewProjection); Output.TextureCoords = inTexCoords / TEXTURE_TILE_SIZE; return Output; } PixelToFrame TexturedPS(VertexToPixel PSIn) { PixelToFrame Output = (PixelToFrame)0; Output.Color = tex2D(TextureSampler, PSIn.TextureCoords); if(Output.Color.a != 1) clip(-1); return Output; } technique Textured { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 TexturedVS(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 TexturedPS(); } } Now this exact shader works fine in XNA, but in slimdx I get the error ChunkDefault.fx(28,27): error X3000: unrecognized identifier 'byte4'

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• Passing multiple Vertex Attributes in GLSL 130

  - by Roy T.

  (note this question is closely related to this one however I didn't fully understand the accepted answer) To support videocards in laptops I have to rewrite my GLSL 330 shaders to GLSL 130. I'm trying to do this but somehow I don't get vertex attributes to work properly. My 330 shaders look like this: #version 330 layout(location = 0) in vec4 position; layout(location = 3) in vec4 color; smooth out vec4 theColor; void main() { gl_Position = position; theColor = color; } Now this explicit layout is not allowed in GLSL 130 so I referenced this page to see what the default layouts for some values would be. As you can see position should be the 0th vertex attribute and color should be the 3rd vertex attribute. Because this is a test case I had already configured my explicit layouts in the same way, which worked, so I now simply rewrote my shader to this and expected it to work: #version 130 smooth out vec4 theColor; void main() { gl_Position = gl_Vertex; theColor = gl_Color; } However this doesn't work, the value of gl_Color is always (1,1,1,1). So how should I pass multiple vertex attributes to my GLSL 130 shaders? For reference, this is how I set my vertex buffer object and attributes (I've just adapted this tutorial to JAVA+JOGL) gl.glBindBuffer(GL3.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer_id); gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(3); gl.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4 , GL3.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0); gl.glVertexAttribPointer(3, 4, GL3.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 4*4*4); gl.glDrawArrays(GL3.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); gl.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); gl.glDisableVertexAttribArray(3); EDIT I solved the problem by querying for the layout locations of position an color using glGetAttribLocation however I still don't understand why the 'hardcoded' values like gl_Color didn't work, can't I upload data in there as normal? Shouldn't they be used?

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• Help implementing virtual d-pad

  - by Moshe

  Short Version: I am trying to move a player around on a tilemap, keeping it centered on its tile, while smoothly controlling it with SneakyInput virtual Joystick. My movement is jumpy and hard to control. What's a good way to implement this? Long Version: I'm trying to get a tilemap based RPG "layer" working on top of cocos2d-iphone. I'm using SneakyInput as the input right now, but I've run into a bit of a snag. Initially, I followed Steffen Itterheim's book and Ray Wenderlich's tutorial, and I got jumpy movement working. My player now moves from tile to tile, without any animation whatsoever. So, I took it a step further. I changed my player.position to a CCMoveTo action. Combined with CCfollow, my player moves pretty smoothly. Here's the problem, though: Between each CCMoveTo, the movement stops, so there's a bit of a jumpiness introduced between movements. To deal with that, I changed my CCmoveTo into a CCMoveBy, and instead of running it once, I decided to have it CCRepeatForever. My plan was to stop the repeating action whenever the player changed directions or released the d-pad. However, when the movement stops, the player is not necessarily centered along the tiles, as it should be. To correctly position the player, I use a CCMoveTo and get the closest position that would put the player back into the proper position. This reintroduces an earlier problem of jumpiness between actions. What is the correct way to implement a smooth joystick while smoothly animating the player and keeping it on the "grid" of tiles? Edit: It turns out that this was caused by a "Bug Fix" in the cocos2d engine.

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• Converting world space coordinate to screen space coordinate and getting incorrect range of values

  - by user1423893

  I'm attempting to convert from world space coordinates to screen space coordinates. I have the following code to transform my object position Vector3 screenSpacePoint = Vector3.Transform(object.WorldPosition, camera.ViewProjectionMatrix); The value does not appear to be in screen space coordinates and is not limited to a [-1, 1] range. What step have I missed out in the conversion process? EDIT: Projection Matrix Perspective(game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio, nearClipPlaneZ, farClipPlaneZ); private void Perspective(float aspect_Ratio, float z_NearClipPlane, float z_FarClipPlane) { nearClipPlaneZ = z_NearClipPlane; farClipPlaneZ = z_FarClipPlane; float yZoom = 1f / (float)Math.Tan(fov * 0.5f); float xZoom = yZoom / aspect_Ratio; matrix_Projection.M11 = xZoom; matrix_Projection.M12 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M13 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M14 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M21 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M22 = yZoom; matrix_Projection.M23 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M24 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M31 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M32 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M33 = z_FarClipPlane / (nearClipPlaneZ - farClipPlaneZ); matrix_Projection.M34 = -1f; matrix_Projection.M41 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M42 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M43 = (nearClipPlaneZ * farClipPlaneZ) / (nearClipPlaneZ - farClipPlaneZ); matrix_Projection.M44 = 0f; } View Matrix // Make our view matrix Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ref orientation, out matrix_View); matrix_View.M41 = -Vector3.Dot(Right, position); matrix_View.M42 = -Vector3.Dot(Up, position); matrix_View.M43 = Vector3.Dot(Forward, position); matrix_View.M44 = 1f; // Create the combined view-projection matrix Matrix.Multiply(ref matrix_View, ref matrix_Projection, out matrix_ViewProj); // Update the bounding frustum boundingFrustum.SetMatrix(matrix_ViewProj);

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• Aligning text to the bottom of a div: am I confused about CSS or about blueprint? [closed]

  - by larsks

  I've used Blueprint to prototype a very simple page layout...but after reading up on absolute vs. relative positioning and a number of online tutorials regarding vertical positioning, I'm not able to get things working the way I think they should. Here's my html: <div class="container" id="header> <div class="span-4" id="logo"> <img src="logo.png" width="150" height="194" /> </div> <div class="span-20 last" id="title"> <h1 class="big">TITLE</h1> </div> </div> The document does include the blueprint screen.css file. I want TITLE aligned with the bottom of the logo, which in practical terms means the bottom of #header. This was my first try: #header { position: relative; } #title { font-size: 36pt; position: absolute; bottom: 0; } Not unexpectedly, in retrospect, this puts TITLE flush left with the left edge of #header...but it failed to affect the vertical positioning of the title. So I got exactly the opposite of what I was looking for. So I tried this: #title { position: relative; } #title h1 { font-size: 36pt; position: absolute; bottom: 0; } My theory was that this would allign the h1 element with the bottom of the containing div element...but instead it made TITLE disappear, completely. I guess this means that it's rendering off the visible screen somewhere. At this point I'm baffled. I'm hoping someone here can point me in the right direction. Thanks!

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• Xna Equivalent of Viewport.Unproject in a draw call as a matrix transformation

  - by Nick Crowther

  I am making a 2D sidescroller and I would like to draw my sprite to world space instead of client space so I do not have to lock it to the center of the screen and when the camera stops the sprite will walk off screen instead of being stuck at the center. In order to do this I wanted to make a transformation matrix that goes in my draw call. I have seen something like this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3570192/xna-viewport-projection-and-spritebatch I have seen Matrix.CreateOrthographic() used to go from Worldspace to client space but, how would I go about using it to go from clientspace to worldspace? I was going to try putting my returns from the viewport.unproject method I have into a scale matrix such as: blah = Matrix.CreateScale(unproject.X,unproject.Y,0); however, that doesn't seem to work correctly. Here is what I'm calling in my draw method(where X is the coordinate my camera should follow): Vector3 test = screentoworld(X, graphics); var clienttoworld = Matrix.CreateScale(test.X,test.Y, 0); animationPlayer.Draw(theSpriteBatch, new Vector2(X.X,X.Y),false,false,0,Color.White,new Vector2(1,1),clienttoworld); Here is my code in my unproject method: Vector3 screentoworld(Vector2 some, GraphicsDevice graphics): Vector2 Position =(some.X,some.Y); var project = Matrix.CreateOrthographic(5*graphicsdevice.Viewport.Width, graphicsdevice.Viewport.Height, 0, 1); var viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt( new Vector3(0, 0, -4.3f), new Vector3(X.X,X.Y,0), Vector3.Up); //I have also tried substituting (cam.Position.X,cam.Position.Y,0) in for the (0,0,-4.3f) Vector3 nearSource = new Vector3(Position, 0f); Vector3 nearPoint = graphicsdevice.Viewport.Unproject(nearSource, project, viewMatrix, Matrix.Identity); return nearPoint;

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• how to move the camera behind a model with the same angle? in XNA

  - by Mehdi Bugnard

  I meet are having difficulty in moving my camera behind an object in a 3D world. I would create two view mode. 1: for fps (first person). 2nd: external view behind the character (second person). I searched the net some example but it does not work in my project. Here is my code used to change view if F2 is pressed //Camera double X1 = this.camera.PositionX; double X2 = this.player.Position.X; double Z1 = this.camera.PositionZ; double Z2 = this.player.Position.Z; //Verify that the user must not let the press F2 if (!this.camera.IsF2TurnedInBoucle) { // If the view mode is the second person if (this.camera.ViewCamera_type == CameraSimples.ChangeView.SecondPerson) { this.camera.ViewCamera_type = CameraSimples.ChangeView.firstPerson; //Calcul position - ?? Here my problem double direction = Math.Atan2(X2 - X1, Z2 - Z1) * 180.0 / 3.14159265; //Calcul angle - ?? Here my problem this.camera.position = .. this.camera.rotation = .. this.camera.MouseRadian_LeftrightRot = (float)direction; } //IF mode view is first person else { //....

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• If statement causing xna sprites to draw frame by frame

  - by user1489599

  I’m a bit new to XNA but I wanted to write a simple program that would fire a cannon ball from a cannon at a 45 degree angle. It works fine outside of my keyboard i/o if statement, but when I encapsulate the code around an if statement checking to see if the user hits the space bar, the sprite will draw one frame at a time every time the space bar is hit. This is the code in question if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Space) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !skullBall.Alive) { //works outside the keyboard input if statement //{ skullBall.Position = cannon.Position; skullBall.DeltaY = -(float)(Math.Sin(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time + 0.5 * (gravity * (time * time))); skullBall.DeltaX = (float)(Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time); skullBall.Alive = true; //} } The skull ball represents the cannon ball and the cannon is just the starting point. DeltaX and DeltaY are the values I’m using to update the cannon balls position per update. I know it's dumb to have the cannon ball start at the cannons position every time the update is called but it’s not really noticeable right now. I was wondering if after examining my code, if anyone noticed any errors that would cause the sprite to display frame by frame instead of drawing it as a full animation of the cannon ball leaving the cannon and moving from there.

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• Collision with CCSprite

  - by Coder404

  I'm making an iOS app based off the code from here In the .m file of the tutorial is this: -(void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake( projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake( target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; } I am trying to take away the projectiles and have the app know when the CCSprite "Player" and the targets collide. Could someone help me with this? Thanks

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• Setting the values of a struct array from JS to GLSL

  - by mikidelux

  I've been trying to make a structure that will contain all the lights of my WebGL app, and I'm having troubles setting up it's values from JS. The structure is as follows: struct Light { vec4 position; vec4 ambient; vec4 diffuse; vec4 specular; vec3 spotDirection; float spotCutOff; float constantAttenuation; float linearAttenuation; float quadraticAttenuation; float spotExponent; float spotLightCosCutOff; }; uniform Light lights[numLights]; After testing LOTS of things I made it work but I'm not happy with the code I wrote: program.uniform.lights = []; program.uniform.lights.push({ position: "", diffuse: "", specular: "", ambient: "", spotDirection: "", spotCutOff: "", constantAttenuation: "", linearAttenuation: "", quadraticAttenuation: "", spotExponent: "", spotLightCosCutOff: "" }); program.uniform.lights[0].position = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].position"); program.uniform.lights[0].diffuse = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].diffuse"); program.uniform.lights[0].specular = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].specular"); program.uniform.lights[0].ambient = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "lights[0].ambient"); ... and so on I'm sorry for making you look at this code, I know it's horrible but I can't find a better way. Is there a standard or recommended way of doing this properly? Can anyone enlighten me?

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• Libgdx ParallaxScrolling and TiledMaps

  - by kirchhoff

  I implemented ParallaxScrolling for my SideScroller project, everything is working but the tiled map (the most important part!). I've been trying out everything but it doesn't work (see the code below). I'm using ParallaxCamera from GdxTests, it's working perfectly for the background layers. I can't explain myself properly in english, so I recorded 2 videos: Before parallaxScrolling After parallaxScrolling As you can see, now the platforms appear in the middle of the Y-axis. I've got a Map class with 2 tiled maps, so I need two renderers too: private TiledMapRenderer renderer1; private TiledMapRenderer renderer2; public void update(GameCamera camera) { renderer1.setView(camera.calculateParallaxMatrix(1f, 0f), camera.position.x - camera.viewportWidth / 2, **camera.position.y - camera.viewportHeight/2**, camera.viewportWidth, camera.viewportHeight); renderer2.setView(camera.calculateParallaxMatrix(1f, 0f), camera.position.x - camera.viewportWidth / 2, **camera.position.y - camera.viewportHeight/2**, camera.viewportWidth, camera.viewportHeight); } In bold, the code I think I should change. I've tried changing parameters, even adding hardcoded values, etc, but one of two: 1. Nothing happens. 2. Platforms disappear. Here is some aditional code. The render method: world.update(delta); parallaxBackground.update(camera); clear(0.5f, 0.7f, 1.0f, 1); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.calculateParallaxMatrix(0, 0)); batch.disableBlending(); batch.begin(); batch.draw(background, -(int)background.getRegionWidth()/2, -(int)background.getRegionHeight()/2); batch.end(); batch.enableBlending(); parallaxBackground.draw(batch, camera); renderer.render(batch);

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• how to stop the array of sprite in cocos2d?

  - by prakash s

  I am devoloping the bubble shooter game in cocos2d how to stop the sprite movement at the center of the game scene in my game bec i want to shoot the bubble after stopping the movenent at certain position here is my code -(void)addTarget { CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; NSMutableArray * movableSprites = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSArray *images = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1.png", @"2.png", @"3.png", @"4.png",@"5.png", @"6.png", @"7.png",@"8.png" ,nil]; for(int i = 0; i < images.count; ++i) { int index = (arc4random() % 8)+1; NSString *image = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.png", index]; CCSprite*target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:image]; // generate random number based on size of array (array size is larger than 10) float offsetFraction = ((float)(i+1))/(images.count+1); //target.position = ccp(winSize.width*offsetFraction, winSize.height/2); target.position = ccp(350*offsetFraction, 460); [self addChild:target]; [movableSprites addObject:target]; id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:10 position:ccp(350*offsetFraction, 100)]; id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; } here bubbles are moving from top to bottom but after 5 rows my bubble movement should be stop so please help me to get that logic

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• Assigning valid moves on board game

  - by Kunal4536

  I am making a board game in unity 4.3 2d similar to checkers. I have added an empty object to all the points where player can move and added a box collider to each empty object.I attached a click to move script to each player token. Now I want to assign valid moves. e.g. as shown in picture... Players can only move on vertex of each square.Player can only move to adjacent vertex.Thus it can only move from red spot to yellow and cannot move to blue spot.There is another condition which is : if there is the token of another player at the yellow spot then the player cannot move to that spot. Instead it will have to go from red to green spot. How can I find the valid moves of the player by scripting. I have another problem with click to move. When I click all the objects move to that position.But I only want to move a single token. So what can i add to script to select a specific object and then click to move the specific object.Here is my script for click to move. var obj:Transform; private var hitPoint : Vector3; private var move: boolean = false; private var startTime:float; var speed = 1; function Update () { if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse0)) { var hit : RaycastHit; // no point storing this really var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay (Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast (ray, hit, 10000)) { hitPoint = hit.point; move = true; startTime = Time.time; } } if(move) { obj.position = Vector3.Lerp(obj.position, hitPoint, Time.deltaTime * speed); if(obj.position == hitPoint) { move = false; } } }`

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• Implementing Circle Physics in Java

  - by Shijima

  I am working on a simple physics based game where 2 balls bounce off each other. I am following a tutorial, 2-Dimensional Elastic Collisions Without Trigonometry, for the collision reactions. I am using Vector2 from the LIBGDX library to handle vectors. I am a bit confused on how to implement step 6 in Java from the tutorial. Below is my current code, please note that the code strictly follows the tutorial and there are redundant pieces of code which I plan to refactor later. Note: refrences to this refer to ball 1, and ball refers to ball 2. /* * Step 1 * * Find the Normal, Unit Normal and Unit Tangential vectors */ Vector2 n = new Vector2(this.position[0] - ball.position[0], this.position[1] - ball.position[1]); Vector2 un = n.normalize(); Vector2 ut = new Vector2(-un.y, un.x); /* * Step 2 * * Create the initial (before collision) velocity vectors */ Vector2 v1 = this.velocity; Vector2 v2 = ball.velocity; /* * Step 3 * * Resolve the velocity vectors into normal and tangential components */ float v1n = un.dot(v1); float v1t = ut.dot(v1); float v2n = un.dot(v2); float v2t = ut.dot(v2); /* * Step 4 * * Find the new tangential Velocities after collision */ float v1tPrime = v1t; float v2tPrime = v2t; /* * Step 5 * * Find the new normal velocities */ float v1nPrime = v1n * (this.mass - ball.mass) + (2 * ball.mass * v2n) / (this.mass + ball.mass); float v2nPrime = v2n * (ball.mass - this.mass) + (2 * this.mass * v1n) / (this.mass + ball.mass); /* * Step 6 * * Convert the scalar normal and tangential velocities into vectors??? */

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• Collision and Graphics integration

  - by Shlomi Atia

  I'm a little confused about the integration between collision and graphics. They both need to share the same position in the world. The most obvious choice is the center of the entity, which is good for bounding volumes and fixed sized sprites. However, for characters with variable height size sprites like this: http://gamemedia.wcgame.ru/data/2011-07-17/game-sprite-sheet.jpg This is no longer good. The character won't align to the ground if I'll draw it from the center. I can just make the sprites the same height, but it will be a waste of memory (the largest sprite is 4 times larger then the smallest one). Even then, this is not an option at all with skeletal sprites like this one: http://user-generated-content.java-gaming.org/img-vault/212a171fc1ebb27ab77608fb9b2dd9bd9205361ce6300b21a7f8d06d025fbbd8.png It seems that the graphics need to be drawn from the ground for characters, but not for other images such as scenery and obstacles. The only solution I could think of was having another position called draw-position, which is the entity center for images, and is the the bottom of the collision volume for characters. Then when I draw relative to that position, it should work properly. I haven't found any references for something like that, so I'm kinda insecure about it. Does anyone knows of a better approach for this problem? Thanks

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• How can I improve my isometric tile-picking algorithm?

  - by Cypher

  I've spent the last few days researching isometric tile-picking algorithms (converting screen-coordinates to tile-coordinates), and have obviously found a lot of the math beyond my grasp. I have come fairly close and what I have is workable, but I would like to improve on this algorithm as it's a little off and seems to pick down and to the right of the mouse pointer. I've uploaded a video to help visualize the current implementation: http://youtu.be/EqwWcq1zuaM My isometric rendering algorithm is based on what is found at this stackoverflow question's answer, with the exception that my x and y axis' are inverted (x increased down-right, while y increased up-right). Here is where I am converting from screen to tiles: // these next few lines convert the mouse pointer position from screen // coordinates to tile-grid coordinates. cameraOffset captures the current // mouse location and takes into consideration the camera's position on screen. System.Drawing.Point cameraOffset = new System.Drawing.Point( 0, 0 ); cameraOffset.X = mouseLocation.X + (int)camera.Left; cameraOffset.Y = ( mouseLocation.Y + (int)camera.Top ); // the camera-aware mouse coordinates are then further converted in an attempt // to select only the "tile" portion of the grid tiles, instead of the entire // rectangle. this algorithm gets close, but could use improvement. mouseTileLocation.X = ( cameraOffset.X + 2 * cameraOffset.Y ) / Global.TileWidth; mouseTileLocation.Y = -( ( 2 * cameraOffset.Y - cameraOffset.X ) / Global.TileWidth ); Things to make note of: mouseLocation is a System.Drawing.Point that represents the screen coordinates of the mouse pointer. cameraOffset is the screen position of the mouse pointer that includes the position of the game camera. mouseTileLocation is a System.Drawing.Point that is supposed to represent the tile coordinates of the mouse pointer. If you check out the above link to youtube, you'll notice that the picking algorithm is off a bit. How can I improve on this?

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• How do I apply 2 rotations about different points to a single primitive using OpenGL

  - by Fenoec

  I'm working on a 2D top-down shooter game that has a rotation feature like Realm Of The Mad God such that if you press e the camera rotates around the character in a clockwise direction and q rotates the camera around the character in a counterclockwise direction. I have this working with my floors and walls by translating to the character, doing the screen rotation, and drawing everything with the character as the origin. The problem arises when I shoot projectiles which need to both rotate around the character and rotate around themselves (shooting uses the mouse cursor so I can shoot at any angle). For example, if the screen is not rotated and I'm shooting rectangular projectiles, I want them to face in the direction I'm shooting (rotation around themselves). However if I only do this rotation, when I then rotate the screen the projectiles will always shoot at the same position because my cursor position does not change. Therefore I need to also either rotate the projectiles around the character or rotate the mouse cursor position to get the correct position (which would then totally screw up all of the collision detection). Likewise if I only do the screen rotation on projectiles, the rectangles will always be facing the same way and they would only look correct if I were shooting straight up or straight down. So my question is, how can I perform 2 rotations on a primitive around 2 different points? The only way I can think of is to translate to the character and do the screen rotation, then somehow calculate the translation required to move back to the middle of the projectile (seeing as how my axes are now rotated) and do its rotation. Or am I thinking about this in the wrong way and there is a different solution to accomplishing this effect?

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• World Location issues with camera and particle

  - by Joe Weeks

  I have a bit of a strange question, I am adapting the existing code base including the tile engine as per the book: XNA 4.0 Game Development by example by Kurt Jaegers, particularly the aspect that I am working on is the part about the 2D platformer in the last couple of chapters. I am creating a platformer which has a scrolling screen (similar to an old school screen chase), I originally did not have any problems with this aspect as it is simply a case of updating the camera position on the X axis with game time, however I have since added a particle system to allow the players to fire weapons. This particle shot is updated via the world position, I have translated everything correctly in terms of the world position when the collisions are checked. The crux of the problem is that the collisions only work once the screen is static, whilst the camera is moving to follow the player, the collisions are offset and are hitting blocks that are no longer there. My collision for particles is as follows (There are two vertical and horizontal): protected override Vector2 horizontalCollisionTest(Vector2 moveAmount) { if (moveAmount.X == 0) return moveAmount; Rectangle afterMoveRect = CollisionRectangle; afterMoveRect.Offset((int)moveAmount.X, 0); Vector2 corner1, corner2; // new particle world alignment code. afterMoveRect = Camera.ScreenToWorld(afterMoveRect); // end. if (moveAmount.X < 0) { corner1 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Left, afterMoveRect.Top + 1); corner2 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Left, afterMoveRect.Bottom - 1); } else { corner1 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Right, afterMoveRect.Top + 1); corner2 = new Vector2(afterMoveRect.Right, afterMoveRect.Bottom - 1); } Vector2 mapCell1 = TileMap.GetCellByPixel(corner1); Vector2 mapCell2 = TileMap.GetCellByPixel(corner2); if (!TileMap.CellIsPassable(mapCell1) || !TileMap.CellIsPassable(mapCell2)) { moveAmount.X = 0; velocity.X = 0; } return moveAmount; } And the camera is pretty much the same as the one in the book... with this added (as an early test). public static void Update(GameTime gameTime) { position.X += 1; }

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• How do I drag my widgets without dragging other widgets?

  - by Cypher

  I have a bunch of drag-able widgets on screen. When I am dragging one of the widgets around, if I drag the mouse over another widget, that widget then gets "snagged" and is also dragged around. While this is kind of a neat thing and I can think of a few game ideas based on that alone, that was not intended. :-P Background Info I have a Widget class that is the basis for my user interface controls. It has a bunch of properties that define it's size, position, image information, etc. It also defines some events, OnMouseOver, OnMouseOut, OnMouseClick, etc. All of the event handler functions are virtual, so that child objects can override them and make use of their implementation without duplicating code. Widgets are not aware of each other. They cannot tell each other, "Hey, I'm dragging so bugger off!" Source Code Here's where the widget gets updated (every frame): public virtual void Update( MouseComponent mouse, KeyboardComponent keyboard ) { // update position if the widget is being dragged if ( this.IsDragging ) { this.Left -= (int)( mouse.LastPosition.X - mouse.Position.X ); this.Top -= (int)( mouse.LastPosition.Y - mouse.Position.Y ); } ... // define and throw other events if ( !this.WasMouseOver && this.IsMouseOver && mouse.IsButtonDown( MouseButton.Left ) ) { this.IsMouseDown = true; this.MouseDown( mouse, new EventArgs() ); } ... // define and throw other events } And here's the OnMouseDown event where the IsDraggable property gets set: public virtual void OnMouseDown( object sender, EventArgs args ) { if ( this.IsDraggable ) { this.IsDragging = true; } } Problem Looking at the source code, it's obvious why this is happening. The OnMouseDown event gets fired whenever the mouse is hovered over the Widget and when the left mouse button is "down" (but not necessarily in that order!). That means that even if I hold the mouse down somewhere else on screen, and simply move it over anything that IsDraggable, it will "hook" onto the mouse and go for a ride. So, now that it's obvious that I'm Doing It Wrong™, how do I do this correctly?

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• Translating an object along its heading

  - by Kuros

  I am working on a simulation that requires me to have several objects moving around in 3D space (text output of their current position on the grid and heading is fine, I do not need graphics), and I am having some trouble getting objects to move along their relative headings. I have a basic understanding of vectors and matrices. I am using a vector to represent their position, and I am also using Euler Angles. I can translate one of my entities with a matrix along whatever axis, and I can alter their heading. For example, if I have an entity at (order is XYZ) 1, 1, 1, with a heading of 0, I can apply a translation matrix to get them to talk to 1, 1, 2 fine. However, if I change their heading to 270, they still walk to 1, 1, 3, instead of 2, 1, 2 as I desire. I have a feeling that my problem lies in not translating my matrix from world space to object space, but I am not sure how to go about that. How can I do this? Addition: I am using 3D vectors to represent their current position and their heading (using the three euler angles). For now, all I want to do is have an entity walk in a square, reporting their current position at each step. So, assuming it starts at 10, 10, 10 I want it to walk as follows: 10,10,10 -> 10, 10, 15 10, 10, 15 -> 5, 10, 15 5, 10, 15 -> 5, 10, 10 5, 10, 10 -> 10, 10, 10 My 1 Z unit translation matrix is as follows: [1 0 0 0] [0 1 0 0] [0 0 1 1] [0 0 0 1] My rotation matrix is as follows: [0 0 1 0] [0 1 0 0] [-1 0 0 0] [0 0 0 1]

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• XNA- Transforming children

  - by user1806687

  So, I have a Model stored in MyModel, that is made from three meshes. If you loop thrue MyModel.Meshes the first two are children of the third one. And was just wondering, if anyone could tell me where is the problem with my code. This method is called whenever I want to programmaticly change the position of a whole model: public void ChangePosition(Vector3 newPos) { Position = newPos; MyModel.Root.Transform = Matrix.CreateScale(VectorMathHelper.VectorMath(CurrentSize, DefaultSize, '/')) * Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(MyModel.Root.Transform.Up, MathHelper.ToRadians(Rotation.Y)) * Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(MyModel.Root.Transform.Right, MathHelper.ToRadians(Rotation.X)) * Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(MyModel.Root.Transform.Forward, MathHelper.ToRadians(Rotation.Z)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[MyModel.Bones.Count]; MyModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); int count = transforms.Length - 1; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in MyModel.Meshes) { mesh.ParentBone.Transform = transforms[count]; count--; } } This is the draw method: foreach (ModelMesh mesh in MyModel.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.View = camera.view; effect.Projection = camera.projection; effect.World = mesh.ParentBone.Transform; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } mesh.Draw(); } The thing is when I call ChangePosition() the first time everything works perfectlly, but as soon as I call it again and again. The first two meshes(children meshes) start to move away from the parent mesh. Another thing I wanted to ask, if I change the scale/rotation/position of a children mesh, and then do CopyAbsoluteBoneTransforms() will children meshes be positioned properlly(at the proper distance) or would achieving that require more math/methods? Thanks in advance

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• two guitexture that do not work together

  - by London2423

  I have two GUITexture that move left and right a cube. Is pretty strange but together they don't work. If I activate only one it works. To be more specific: If I have the left GUItexture alone in the game the cube move left. If I have the right GUITexture activated alone the cube move right. Seems all fine I thought but If I have both of them the cube move only right and not left. Where is the mistake? Here is the code inside the GameObject cube for Right move void OnMousedown () { transform.position += Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime; } For Left move void OnMousedown () { transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime; } And this is the left GUITexture code //move the cube left Cube.GetComponent<Left> ().enabled = true; left.transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime; This is the right GUITexture //move the cube right Cube.GetComponent<Left> ().enabled = true; right.transform.position += Vector3.right * Time.deltaTime; What is the reason for this? I hope someone can help me.

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• Mobile web app, styling in percentages; I can't get height to work [migrated]

  - by Mick79

  I am building a mobile app for a band and obviously want it to display well in all the plethora of handsets out there today. I built it at first for my own device and it looks and works great, so now I am reworking it in percentages so that it works in all devices. I have a slider (jquerytools) going on and if i set width to 100% then it is perfectly wide in my iphone and my ipad... success, however I am not having any luck with height. It seems to only accept a height in px. If i set a height in percent it just doesn't display. any ideas? #header{ width:100%; height:198px; position:relative; z-index: 20; box-shadow: 0 0 10px white; } .scrollable { /* required settings */ position:relative; overflow:hidden; width: 100%; height:100%; box-shadow: 0 0 20px purple; z-index: 20; } .scrollable .items { /* this cannot be too large */ width:500%; height:100%; position:absolute; clear:both; box-shadow: 0 0 30px green; } .items div { float:left; width:20%; height:100%; } /* single scrollable item */ .scrollable img { float:left; width:100%; height:100%; /* height:198px; */ } /* active item */ .scrollable .active { border:2px solid #000; position:relative; cursor:default; } `

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