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  • Something similar to Objective-C categories in other languages?

    - by adig
    I understand Objective-C categories and how they become useful, but I always have a hard time explaining the concept to other programmers that are not familiar with Objective C. Maybe I'm just bad at explaining things, but I was thinking at another way to explain it by comparing to similar features offered by other (more popular) languages. (ex : I can explain the similarities between Objective C protocols and Java Interfaces) Any examples similar to Categories ?

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  • Best way to indicate more results available

    - by Alex Stangl
    We have a service to return messages. We want to limit the number returned, either allowing the caller to specify the max number to return, or else to use an internal hard limit. We also have thought it would be nice to include in the response whether more messages are available. The "best" way to go about this is not clear. Here are some ideas so far: Only set the "more messages" indicator if the user did not specify a max limit, and the internal max limit was hit. Same as #1 except that "more messages" indicator set regardless of whether the internal hard limit is hit, or the user-specified limit is hit. Same as #1 (or #2) except that we internally read limit + 1 records, but only return limit records, so we know "for sure" there is at least one additional message rather than "maybe" there are additional messages. Do away with the "more messages" flag, as it is confusing and unnecessary. Instead force the user to keep calling the API until it returns no messages. Change "more messages" indicator to something more akin to an EOF indicator, only set when the last message is known to have been retrieved and returned. What do you think is the best solution? (Doesn't have to be one of the above choices.) I searched and couldn't find a similar question already asked. Hopefully this is not "too subjective".

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  • Modifying Contiguous Time Periods in a History Table

    Alex Kuznetsov is credited with a clever technique for creating a history table for SQL that is designed to store contiguous time periods and check that these time periods really are contiguous, using nothing but constraints. This is now increasingly useful with the DATE data type in SQL Server. The modification of data in this type of table isn't always entirely intuitive so Alex is on hand to give a brief explanation of how to do it.

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  • Finding Stuff in SQL Server Database DDL

    You'd have thought that nothing would be easier than using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) for searching through the DDL for both the names and definitions of the structural metadata of your databases, for the occurrence of a particular string of letters. Not so easy, it turns out, though Phil Factor is able to come up with various methods for various purposes.

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  • Getting rid of getting stuck often [closed]

    - by Pankaj Upadhyay
    I have been working with C# and .NET for around 2-3 years. But, still i get stuck too often. My project includes few simple websites(asp.net) in the early parts and then a desktop application for cotton transaction management(wpf). And right now, I am building a price compare website (asp.net MVC). Along the lines, I have read quite few books on C# and .NET, but still I get stuck very often. What pisses me is that the problems I get stuck in aren't very typical or hard. You can get a better idea by visiting my questions page on SO. After looking at my question lists, do you also feel that my basis or knowledge as a programmer are weak ? If so, How can i find a remedy to this problem ? And How can I stop getting stuck too often for simpler problems.

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  • Starting to make 2D games in C++

    - by Ashley
    I'm fairly experienced with C and C#, but I've only ever created console/windows applications. I'm also experienced with AS3 and I've made some flash games. I want to make proper 2D games in C++, but I have no idea where to begin with graphics. There are entire books devoted to game development in C++ that only work with console applications and I'm finding the lack of resources and tutorials for proper 2D games frustrating... I'm also not particularly interested in using existing engines because I want total control of what I create. I've heard of the Allegro library; is it something important/popular that I should look into? How will I use DirectX? Any resources or links to tutorials or information is greatly appreciated.

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  • Writing use cases for XML mapping scenarios between two different systems

    - by deepak_prn
    I am having some trouble writing use cases for XML mapping after a certain trigger invoked by the system. For example, one of the scenarios goes: the store cashier sells an item, the transaction data is sent to Data management system. Now, I am writing a functional design for the scenario which deals with mapping XML fields between our system and the data management system. Question : I was wondering if some one had to deal with writing use cases or extension use cases for mapping XML fields between two systems? (There is no XSLT involved) and if you used a table to represent the fields mapping (example is below) or any other visualization tool which does not break the bank ? I searched many questions on SO and here but nothing came close to my requirement.

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  • Making game constants/tables available to game logic classes/routines in a modular manner

    - by Extrakun
    Suppose I have a game where there are several predefined constants and charts (a XP chart, cost of goods and so on). Those could be defined at runtime, or load from files at start-up. The question is how should those logic routines access the constants and charts? For example, I could try using global variables, but that cause all classes relying on the variables to be tightly coupled with them.

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  • GLSL, is it possible to offsetting vertices based on height map colour?

    - by Rob
    I am attempting to generate some terrain based upon a heightmap. I have generated a 32 x 32 grid and a corresponding height map - In my vertex shader I am trying to offset the position of the Y axis based upon the colour of the heightmap, white vertices being higher than black ones. //Vertex Shader Code #version 330 uniform mat4 modelMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform sampler2D heightmap; layout (location=0) in vec4 vertexPos; layout (location=1) in vec4 vertexColour; layout (location=3) in vec2 vertexTextureCoord; layout (location=4) in float offset; out vec4 fragCol; out vec4 fragPos; out vec2 fragTex; void main() { // Retreive the current pixel's colour vec4 hmColour = texture(heightmap,vertexTextureCoord); // Offset the y position by the value of current texel's colour value ? vec4 offset = vec4(vertexPos.x , vertexPos.y + hmColour.r, vertexPos.z , 1.0); // Final Position gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * offset; // Data sent to Fragment Shader. fragCol = vertexColour; fragPos = vertexPos; fragTex = vertexTextureCoord; } However the code I have produced only creates a grid with none of the y vertices higher than any others.

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  • runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference

    - by Klink
    I want to learn OpenGL 3.0 with golang. But when i try to compile some code, i get many errors. package main import ( "os" //"errors" "fmt" //gl "github.com/chsc/gogl/gl33" //"github.com/jteeuwen/glfw" "github.com/go-gl/gl" "github.com/go-gl/glfw" "runtime" "time" ) var ( width int = 640 height int = 480 ) var ( points = []float32{0.0, 0.8, -0.8, -0.8, 0.8, -0.8} ) func initScene() { gl.Init() gl.ClearColor(0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0) gl.Enable(gl.CULL_FACE) gl.Viewport(0, 0, 800, 600) } func glfwInitWindowContext() { if err := glfw.Init(); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "glfw_Init: %s\n", err) glfw.Terminate() } glfw.OpenWindowHint(glfw.FsaaSamples, 1) glfw.OpenWindowHint(glfw.WindowNoResize, 1) if err := glfw.OpenWindow(width, height, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, glfw.Windowed); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "glfw_Window: %s\n", err) glfw.CloseWindow() } glfw.SetSwapInterval(1) glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title") } func drawScene() { for glfw.WindowParam(glfw.Opened) == 1 { gl.Clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) vertexShaderSrc := `#version 120 attribute vec2 coord2d; void main(void) { gl_Position = vec4(coord2d, 0.0, 1.0); }` vertexShader := gl.CreateShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER) vertexShader.Source(vertexShaderSrc) vertexShader.Compile() fragmentShaderSrc := `#version 120 void main(void) { gl_FragColor[0] = 0.0; gl_FragColor[1] = 0.0; gl_FragColor[2] = 1.0; }` fragmentShader := gl.CreateShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER) fragmentShader.Source(fragmentShaderSrc) fragmentShader.Compile() program := gl.CreateProgram() program.AttachShader(vertexShader) program.AttachShader(fragmentShader) program.Link() attribute_coord2d := program.GetAttribLocation("coord2d") program.Use() //attribute_coord2d.AttribPointer(size, typ, normalized, stride, pointer) attribute_coord2d.EnableArray() attribute_coord2d.AttribPointer(0, 3, false, 0, &(points[0])) //gl.DrawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, len(points)) gl.DrawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3) glfw.SwapBuffers() inputHandler() time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) } } func inputHandler() { glfw.Enable(glfw.StickyKeys) if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyEsc) == glfw.KeyPress { //gl.DeleteBuffers(2, &uiVBO[0]) glfw.Terminate() } if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyF2) == glfw.KeyPress { glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title2") fmt.Println("Changed to 'Title2'") fmt.Println(len(points)) } if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyF1) == glfw.KeyPress { glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title1") fmt.Println("Changed to 'Title1'") } } func main() { runtime.LockOSThread() glfwInitWindowContext() initScene() drawScene() } And after that: panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference [signal 0xb code=0x1 addr=0x0 pc=0x41bc6f74] goroutine 1 [syscall]: github.com/go-gl/gl._Cfunc_glDrawArrays(0x4, 0x7f8500000003) /tmp/go-build463568685/github.com/go-gl/gl/_obj/_cgo_defun.c:610 +0x2f github.com/go-gl/gl.DrawArrays(0x4, 0x3, 0x0, 0x45bd70) /tmp/go-build463568685/github.com/go-gl/gl/_obj/gl.cgo1.go:1922 +0x33 main.drawScene() /home/klink/Dev/Go/gogl/gopher/exper.go:85 +0x1e6 main.main() /home/klink/Dev/Go/gogl/gopher/exper.go:116 +0x27 goroutine 2 [syscall]: created by runtime.main /build/buildd/golang-1/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:221 exit status 2

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  • Purpose of "new" keyword

    - by Channel72
    The new keyword in languages like Java, Javascript, and C# creates a new instance of a class. This syntax seems to have been inherited from C++, where new is used specifically to allocate a new instance of a class on the heap, and return a pointer to the new instance. In C++, this is not the only way to construct an object. You can also construct an object on the stack, without using new - and in fact, this way of constructing objects is much more common in C++. So, coming from a C++ background, the new keyword in languages like Java, Javascript, and C# seemed natural and obvious to me. Then I started to learn Python, which doesn't have the new keyword. In Python, an instance is constructed simply by calling the constructor, like: f = Foo() At first, this seemed a bit off to me, until it occurred to me that there's no reason for Python to have new, because everything is an object so there's no need to disambiguate between various constructor syntaxes. But then I thought - what's really the point of new in Java? Why should we say Object o = new Object();? Why not just Object o = Object();? In C++ there's definitely a need for new, since we need to distinguish between allocating on the heap and allocating on the stack, but in Java all objects are constructed on the heap, so why even have the new keyword? The same question could be asked for Javascript. In C#, which I'm much less familiar with, I think new may have some purpose in terms of distinguishing between object types and value types, but I'm not sure. Regardless, it seems to me that many languages which came after C++ simply "inherited" the new keyword - without really needing it. It's almost like a vestigial keyword. We don't seem to need it for any reason, and yet it's there. Question: Am I correct about this? Or is there some compelling reason that new needs to be in C++-inspired memory-managed languages like Java, Javascript and C#?

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  • Scaling Down Pixel Art?

    - by Michael Stum
    There's plenty of algorithms to scale up pixel art (I prefer hqx personally), but are there any notable algorithms to scale it down? In my case, the game is designed to run at 1280x720, but if someone plays at a lower resolution I want it to still look good. Most Pixel Art discussions center around 320x200 or 640x480 and upscaling for use in console emulators, but I wonder how modern 2D games like the Monkey Island Remake look good on lower resolutions? (Ignoring the options of having multiple versions of assets (essentially, mipmapping))

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  • Is this how dynamic language copes with dynamic requirement?

    - by Amumu
    The question is in the title. I want to have my thinking verified by experienced people. You can add more or disregard my opinion, but give me a reason. Here is an example requirement: Suppose you are required to implement a fighting game. Initially, the game only includes fighters, who can attack each other. Each fighter can punch, kick or block incoming attacks. Fighters can have various fighting styles: Karate, Judo, Kung Fu... That's it for the simple universe of the game. In an OO like Java, it can be implemented similar to this way: abstract class Fighter { int hp, attack; void punch(Fighter otherFighter); void kick(Fighter otherFighter); void block(Figther otherFighter); }; class KarateFighter extends Fighter { //...implementation...}; class JudoFighter extends Fighter { //...implementation... }; class KungFuFighter extends Fighter { //...implementation ... }; This is fine if the game stays like this forever. But, somehow the game designers decide to change the theme of the game: instead of a simple fighting game, the game evolves to become a RPG, in which characters can not only fight but perform other activities, i.e. the character can be a priest, an accountant, a scientist etc... At this point, to make it more generic, we have to change the structure of our original design: Fighter is not used to refer to a person anymore; it refers to a profession. The specialized classes of Fighter (KaraterFighter, JudoFighter, KungFuFighter) . Now we have to create a generic class named Person. However, to adapt this change, I have to change the method signatures of the original operations: class Person { int hp, attack; List<Profession> skillSet; }; abstract class Profession {}; class Fighter extends Profession { void punch(Person otherFighter); void kick(Person otherFighter); void block(Person otherFighter); }; class KarateFighter extends Fighter { //...implementation...}; class JudoFighter extends Fighter { //...implementation... }; class KungFuFighter extends Fighter { //...implementation ... }; class Accountant extends Profession { void calculateTax(Person p) { //...implementation...}; void calculateTax(Company c) { //...implementation...}; }; //... more professions... Here are the problems: To adapt to the method changes, I have to fix the places where the changed methods are called (refactoring). Every time a new requirement is introduced, the current structural design has to be broken to adapt the changes. This leads to the first problem. Rigid structure makes it hard for code reuse. A function can only accept the predefined types, but it cannot accept future unknown types. A written function is bound to its current universe and has no way to accommodate to the new types, without modifications or rewrite from scratch. I see Java has a lot of deprecated methods. OO is an extreme case because it has inheritance to add up the complexity, but in general for statically typed language, types are very strict. In contrast, a dynamic language can handle the above case as follow: ;;fighter1 punch fighter2 (defun perform-punch (fighter1 fighter2) ...implementation... ) ;;fighter1 kick fighter2 (defun perform-kick (fighter1 fighter2) ...implementation... ) ;;fighter1 blocks attacks from fighter2 (defun perform-block (fighter1 fighter2) ...implementation... ) fighter1 and fighter2 can be anything as long as it has the required data for calculation; or methods (duck typing). You don't have to change from the type Fighter to Person. In the case of Lisp, because Lisp only has a single data structure: list, it's even easier to adapt to changes. However, other dynamic languages can have similar behaviors as well. I work primarily with static languages (mainly C and Java, but working with Java was a long time ago). I started learning Lisp and some other dynamic languages this year. I can see how it helps improving my productivity.

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  • What could be the Java successor Oracle wants to invest in?

    - by deamon
    I've read that Oracle wants to invest into another language than Java: "On the other hand, Oracle has been particularly supportive of alternative JVM languages. Adam Messinger ( http://www.linkedin.com/in/adammessinger ) was pretty blunt at the JVM Languages Summit this year about Java the language reaching it's logical end and how Oracle is looking for a 'higher level' language to 'put significant investment into.'" But what language could be the one Oracle wants to invest in? Is there another candidate than Scala?

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  • Build one to throw away vs Second-system effect

    - by m3th0dman
    One one hand there is an advice that says "Build one to throw away". Only after finishing a software system and seeing the end product we realize what went wrong in the design phase and understand how we should have really done it. On the other hand there is the "second-system effect" which says that the second system of the same kind that is designed is usually worse than the first one; there are many features that did not fit in the first project and were pushed into the second version usually leading to overly complex and overly engineered. Isn't here some contradiction between these principles? What is the correct view over the problems and where is the border between these two? I believe that these "good practices" are were firstly promoted in the seminal book The Mythical Man-Month by Fred Brooks. I know that some of these issues are solved by Agile methodologies, but deep down, the problem is still the principles still stand; for example we would not make important design changes 3 sprints before going live.

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  • How to implement a score database in Android

    - by Michael Seun Araromi
    I making a 2d game for android using opengl-es technology. It is a space shooting game where the player shoots enemy ships. I want to keep a track of score for the amount of enemy ships destroyed and a record of a local highscore, I want the score to be incremented whenever an enemy is destroyed. I also want a way of displaying both score and highscore on the game screen. I am not farmiliar with databases at all and I will appreciate a clear answer or a link to a good tutorial for my cause. Thanks

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  • How do functional languages handle random numbers?

    - by Electric Coffee
    What I mean about that is that in nearly every tutorial I've read about functional languages, is that one of the great things about functions, is that if you call a function with the same parameters twice, you'll always end up with the same result. How on earth do you then make a function that takes a seed as a parameter, and then returns a random number based on that seed? I mean this would seem to go against one of the things that are so good about functions, right? Or am I completely missing something here?

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  • Using XNA to learn to build a game, but wanna move on [closed]

    - by Daniel Ribeiro
    I've been building a 2D isometric game (with learning purposes) in C# using XNA. I found it's really easy to manage sprite sheets loading, collision, basic physics and such with the XNA api. The thing is, I want to move on. My real goal is to learn C++ and develop a game using that language. What engine/library would you guys recommend for me to keep going on that same 2D isometric game direction using pretty much sprite sheets for the graphical part of the game?

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  • What is the best way to store anciliary data with a 2D timeseries object in R?

    - by Mike52
    I currently try to move from matlab to R. I have 2D measurements, consisting of irradiance in time and wavelength together with quality flags and uncertainty and error estimates. In Matlab I extended the timeseries object to store both the wavelength array and the auxiliary data. What is the best way in R to store this data? Ideally I would like this data to be stored together such that e.g. window(...) keeps all data synchronized.

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  • C++ simple arrays and pointers question

    - by nashmaniac
    So here's the confusion, let's say I declare an array of characters char name[3] = "Sam"; and then I declare another array but this time using pointers char * name = "Sam"; What's the difference between the two? I mean they work the same way in a program. Also how does the latter store the size of the stuff that someone puts in it, in this case 3 characters? Also how is it different from char * name = new char[3]; If those three are different where should they be used I mean in what circumstances?

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  • Installing Solaris Studio 12.2 on Ubuntu 10.04

    - by KronoS
    I'm having a dickens of a time installing Solaris Studio 12.2 on Ubuntu 10.04. I found this guide, however using the alien option isn't finding the correct files. I'm not exactly sure on the syntax of alien, its kinda alien to me. (sorry for the bad pun) Also, when I download the tar file, and extract it, there are errors everytime saying things like: "operation not permitted" cannot creat symlink to '../prod/bin/cc': Operation not permitted I've extracted with super user access, but to no avail. Any success from anyone else?

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  • Executable execution path. Does it depends of the place the executable is called from?

    - by Valkea
    as I'm still a new Linux user, I still discover some behaviours and I'm unable to tell if they are "normals" or not. I searched the Internet but as I can't really find an answer I guess it's time to ask here. Few weeks ago I installed a small game called "Machinarium" and I played it... but few days later when I wanted to continue my game I was unable to make the game start correctly. And as I didn't had the time to search I given up. But yesterday as I was working on a program of mine, I had the exactly same behaviour. So I searched a bit and I discovered that when using Nautilus with the "List view", I was able to run the program (ie: the program does find the sound, images etc resources) when I was literally "inside" the executable folder, but unable when I was in a parent folder and expanding it to the executable folder to run it. To illustrate the behaviour here are two screen shots. It doesn't works if the executable is double clicked from here It does works if the executable is double clicked from here This is indeed the same "place", but the Nautilus view is slightly different as the current folder is not the same and it seems to make a difference for the program. Furthermore, when I create a menu items via System Settings/Main Menu to the executable, it behaves just like if the executable can't find the resources (that's why I was unable to play Machinarium the second time as I created a menu short-cut after my first game). So I asked my program to generate a text file at it's root when running, and I started to launch it from different "parent" folders to see where is generated the text file. Each time the file was generated on the top folder of the current Nautilus view. I was expected to see it appears in the same folder of the executable (well not as I was guessing what as happening, but before that I would have expected to see it appears in the exe folder). Does anyone can explain me why it does works like this (I guess it's normal) ? How I'm supposed to solve this when creating programs (Should I detect the executable path in my C++ code or should I organize the resources files another way than on windows ?)

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  • Should main method be only consists of object creations and method calls?

    - by crucified soul
    A friend of mine told me that, the best practice is class containing main method should be named Main and only contains main method. Also main method should only parse inputs, create other objects and call other methods. The Main class and main method shouldn't do anything else. Basically what he is saying that class containing main method should be like: public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { //parse inputs //create other objects //call methods } } Is it the best practice?

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  • How to convince management to deal with technical debt?

    - by Desolate Planet
    This is a question that I often ask myself when working with developers. I've worked at four companies so far, and I've noticed a lack of attention to keeping code clean and dealing with technical debt that hinders future progress in a software app. For example, the first company I worked for had written a database from scratch rather than take something like MySQL and that created hell for the team when refacoring or extending the app. I've always tried to be honest and clear with my manager when he discusses projections, but management doesn't seem interested in fixing what's already there and it's horrible to see the impact it has on team morale and in their attitude towards others. What are your thoughts on the best way to tackle this problem? What I've seen is people packing up and leaving and the company becomes a revolving door with developers coming and and out and making the code worse. How do you communicate this to management to get them interested in sorting out technical debt?

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