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  • MPL 1.1 and APL 2.0 License compatibility

    - by Kenneth Cochran
    I am working a project that is licensed under the MPL 1.1 and would like to incorporate some code that is licensed under the APL 2.0. I know in 2010 Mozilla announced they were updating the MPL to make it more "Apache compatible" among other things. I'm no lawyer. Exactly what part(s) of the MPL 1.1 don't jive with the APL 2.0 and vice versa? The project has very few of its original contributers still actively involved so I doubt I'd be able to contact all of them to get permission to change the license.

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  • how this scaling down for css code is worked?

    - by harris
    this is a code for scaling down for css. i was wondering, how this worked. please someone explain to me part by part. thank you very much. /* ======================================================================== / / Copyright (C) 2000 - 2009 ND-Tech. Co., Ltd. / / All Rights Reserved. / / ======================================================================== / / Project : ScaleDown Created : 31-AUG-2009 / / File : main.c Contact : [email protected] / / ======================================================================== / / You are free to use or modify this code to the following restrictions: / / Acknowledge ND Tech. Co. Ltd. / / Or, put "Parts of code by ND Tech. Co., Ltd." / / Or, leave this header as it is. / / in somewhere in your code. / / ======================================================================== */ include "vm3224k.h" define CE0CTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800008) define CE2CTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800010) define SDCTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800018) define LED *(volatile short *)(0x90080000) // Definitions for async access(change as you wish) define WSU (2<<28) // Write Setup : 0-15 define WST (8<<22) // Write Strobe: 0-63 define WHD (2<<20) // Write Hold : 0-3 define RSU (2<<16) // Read Setup : 0-15 define TA (3<<14) // Turn Around : 0-3 define RST (8<<8) // Read Strobe : 0-63 define RHD (2<<0) // Read Hold : 0-3 define MTYPE (2<<4) /* EDMA Registers */ define PaRAM_OPT 0 // Options define PaRAM_SRC 1 // Source Address define PaRAM_CNT 2 // Frame count, Element count define PaRAM_DST 3 // Destination Address define PaRAM_IDX 4 // Frame index, Element index define PaRAM_RDL 5 // Element count reload, Link address define EDMA_CIPR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFE4 // EDMA Channel interrupt pending low register define EDMA_CIER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFE8 // EDMA Channel interrupt enable low register define EDMA_CCER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFEC // EDMA Channel chain enable register define EDMA_ER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF0 // EDMA Event low register define EDMA_EER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF4 // EDMA Event enable low register define EDMA_ECR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF8 // EDMA Event clear low register define EDMA_ESR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFFC // EDMA Event set low register define PRI (2<<29) // 1:High priority, 2:Low priority define ESIZE (1<<27) // 0:32bit, 1:16bit, 2:8bit, 3:reserved define DS2 (0<<26) // 1:2-Dimensional define SUM (0<<24) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define DD2 (0<<23) // 1:2-Dimensional define DUM (0<<21) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCINT (1<<20) // 0:disable, 1:enable define TCC (8<<16) // 4 bit code define LINK (0<<1) // 0:disable, 1:enable define FS (1<<0) // 0:element, 1:frame define OptionField_0 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC|LINK|FS) define DD2_1 (1<<23) // 1:2-Dimensional define DUM_1 (1<<21) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCC_1 (9<<16) // 4 bit code define OptionField_1 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2_1|DUM_1|TCINT|TCC_1|LINK|FS) define TCC_2 (10<<16)// 4 bit code define OptionField_2 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC_2|LINK|FS) define DS2_3 (1<<26) // 1:2-Dimensional define SUM_3 (1<<24) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCC_3 (11<<16)// 4 bit code define OptionField_3 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2_3|SUM_3|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC_3|LINK|FS) pragma DATA_SECTION ( lcd,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( cam,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( rgb,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( u,".sdram" ) extern cregister volatile unsigned int IER; extern cregister volatile unsigned int CSR; short camcode = 0x08000; short lcdcode = 0x00000; short lcd[2][240][320]; short cam[2][240][320]; short rgb[64][32][32]; short bufsel; int *Cevent,*Levent,*CLink,flag=1; unsigned char v[240][160],out_y[120][160]; unsigned char y[240][320],out_u[120][80]; unsigned char u[240][160],out_v[120][80]; void PLL6713() { int i; // CPU Clock Input : 50MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) & 0xfffffffe; for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) | 0x08; *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c114) = 0x08001; // 50MHz/2 = 25MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c110) = 0x0c; // 25MHz * 12 = 300MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c118) = 0x08000; // SYSCLK1 = 300MHz/1 = 300MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c11c) = 0x08001; // SYSCLK2 = 300MHz/2 = 150MHz // Peripheral Clock *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c120) = 0x08003; // SYSCLK3 = 300MHz/4 = 75MHz // SDRAM Clock for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) & 0xfffffff7; for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) | 0x01; } unsigned short ybr_565(short y,short u,short v) { int r,g,b; b = y + 1772*(u-128)/1000; if (b<0) b=0; if (b>255) b=255; g = y - (344*(u-128) + 714*(v-128))/1000; if (g<0) g=0; if (g>255) g=255; r = y + 1402*(v-128)/1000; if (r<0) r=0; if (r>255) r=255; return ((r&0x0f8)<<8)|((g&0x0fc)<<3)|((b&0x0f8)>>3); } void yuyv2yuv(char *yuyv,char *y,char *u,char *v) { int i,j,dy,dy1,dy2,s; for (j=s=dy=dy1=dy2=0;j<240;j++) { for (i=0;i<320;i+=2) { u[dy1++] = yuyv[s++]; y[dy++] = yuyv[s++]; v[dy2++] = yuyv[s++]; y[dy++] = yuyv[s++]; } } } interrupt void c_int06(void) { if(EDMA_CIPR&0x800){ EDMA_CIPR = 0xffff; bufsel=(++bufsel&0x01); Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)cam[(bufsel+1)&0x01]; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)lcd[(bufsel+1)&0x01]; EDMA_ESR = 0x80; flag=1; } } void main() { int i,j,k,y0,y1,v0,u0; bufsel = 0; CSR &= (~0x1); PLL6713(); // Initialize C6713 PLL CE0CTL = 0xffffbf33;// SDRAM Space CE2CTL = (WSU|WST|WHD|RSU|RST|RHD|MTYPE); SDCTL = 0x57115000; vm3224init(); // Initialize vm3224k2 vm3224rate(1); // Set frame rate vm3224bl(15); // Set backlight VM3224CNTL = VM3224CNTL&0xffff | 0x2; // vm3224 interrupt enable for (k=0;k<64;k++) // Create RGB565 lookup table for (i=0;i<32;i++) for (j=0;j<32;j++) rgb[k][i][j] = ybr_565(k<<2,i<<3,j<<3); Cevent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 7); Cevent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_0; Cevent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&camcode; Cevent[PaRAM_CNT] = 1; Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224ADDH; Cevent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 8); Cevent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_1; Cevent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&VM3224DATA; Cevent[PaRAM_CNT] = (239<<16)|320; Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)cam[bufsel]; Cevent[PaRAM_IDX] = 0; Levent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 9); Levent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_2; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&lcdcode; Levent[PaRAM_CNT] = 1; Levent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224ADDH; Levent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 10); Levent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_3; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)lcd[bufsel]; Levent[PaRAM_CNT] = (239<<16)|320; Levent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224DATA; Levent[PaRAM_IDX] = 0; IER = IER | (1<<6)|3; CSR = CSR | 0x1; EDMA_CCER = (1<<8)|(1<<9)|(1<<10); EDMA_CIER = (1<<11); EDMA_CIPR = 0xffff; EDMA_ESR = 0x80; while (1) { if(flag) { // LED = 0; yuyv2yuv((char *)cam[bufsel],(char *)y,(char *)u,(char *)v); for(j=0;j<240;j++) for(i=0;i<320;i++) lcd[bufsel][j][i]=0; for(j=0;j<240;j+=2) for(i=0;i<320;i+=2) out_y[j>>1][i>>1]=(y[j][i]+y[j][i+1]+y[j+1][i]+y[j+1][i+1])>>2; for(j=0;j<240;j+=2) for(i=0;i<160;i+=2) { out_u[j>>1][i>>1]=(u[j][i]+u[j][i+1]+u[j+1][i]+u[j+1][i+1])>>2; out_v[j>>1][i>>1]=(v[j][i]+v[j][i+1]+v[j+1][i]+v[j+1][i+1])>>2; } for (j=0;j<120;j++) for (i=0;i<160;i+=2) { y0 = out_y[j][i]>>2; u0 = out_u[j][i>>1]>>3; v0 = out_v[j][i>>1]>>3; y1 = out_y[j][i+1]>>2; lcd[bufsel][j+60][i+80]=rgb[y0][u0][v0]; lcd[bufsel][j+60][i+81]=rgb[y1][u0][v0]; } flag=0; // LED = 1; } } }

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  • Can I implement the readers and writers algorithm in OpenMP by replacing counting semaphores with another feature?

    - by DeveloperDon
    After reading about OpenMP and not finding functions to support semaphores, I did an internet search for OpenMP and the readers and writers problem, but found no suitable matches. Is there a general method for replacing counting semaphores in OpenMP with something that it supports? Or is there just a gap in the environment where it does not permit things that are asymmetrical like the third readers and writers problem shown on the following page? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readers-writers_problem#The_third_readers-writers_problem

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  • What principles does your software engineering or development organization follow?

    - by user11347
    What principles does your software engineering or development organization follow? I am very interested in seeing a list of principles from someone who works at a company where these principles are discussed, published, followed, etc. The closest I have seen to a principles-based engineering organization are companies which are agile and follow the agile principles. Here is a list of Marick's values/challenges: http://www.agilejourneyman.com/2010/02/4-challenges-and-5-guiding-values-of.html I am looking for pointers to more stuff like this. Ideally, I'd like to hear from people who have actually implemented a principles-based approach in their organization.

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  • What is the best strategy for transforming unicode strings into filenames?

    - by David Cowden
    I have a bunch (thousands) of resources in an RDF/XML file. I am writing a certain subset of the resources to files -- one file for each, and I'm using the resource's title property as the file name. However, the titles are every day article, website, and blog post titles, so they contain characters unsafe for a URI (the necessary step for constructing a valid file path). I know of the Jersey UriBuilder but I can't quite get it to work for my needs as I detailed in a different question on SO. Some possibilities I have considered are: Since each resource should also have an associated URL, I could try to use the name of the file on the server. The down side of this is sometimes people don't name their content logically and I think the title of an article better reflects the content that will be in each text file. Construct a white list of valid characters and parse the string myself defining substitutions for unsafe characters. The downside of this is the result could be just as unreadable as the former solution because presumably the content creators went through a similar process when placing the files on their server. Choose a more generic naming scheme, place the title in the text file along with the other attributes, and tell my boss to live with it. So my question here is, what methods work well for dealing with a scenario where you need to construct file names out of strings with potentially unsafe characters? Is there a solution that better fills out my constraints?

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  • Fastest Functional Language

    - by Farouk
    I've recently been delving into functional programming especially Haskell and F#, the prior more so. After some googling around I could not find a benchmark comparison of the more prominent functional languages (Scala,F# etc). I know it's not necessarily fair to some of the languages (Scala comes to mind) given that they are hybrids, but I just wanna know which outperforms which on what operations and overall.

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  • UI message passing programming paradigm

    - by Ronald Wildenberg
    I recently (about two months ago) read an article that explained some user interface paradigm that I can't remember the name of and I also can't find the article anymore. The paradigm allows for decoupling the user interface and backend through message passing (via some queueing implementation). So each user action results in a message being pased to the backend. The user interface is then updated to inform the user that his request is being processed. The assumption is that a user interface is stale by definition. When you read data from some store into memory, it is stale because another transaction may be updating the same data already. If you assume this, it makes no sense to try to represent the 'current' database state in the user interface (so the delay introduced by passing messages to a backend doesn't matter). If I remember correctly, the article also mentioned a read-optimized data store for rendering the user interface. The article assumed a high-traffic web application. A primary reason for using a message queue communicating with the backend is performance: returning control to the user as soon as possible. Updating backend stores is handled by another process and eventually these changes also become visible to the user. I hope I have explained accurately enough what I'm looking for. If someone can provide some pointers to what I'm looking for, thanks very much in advance.

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  • How can architects work with self-organizing Scrum teams?

    - by Martin Wickman
    An organization with a number of agile Scrum teams also has a small group of people appointed as "enterprise architects". The EA group acts as control and gatekeeper for quality and adherence to decisions. This leads to overlaps between the team decision and EA decisions. For instance, the team might want to use library X or want to use REST instead of SOAP, but the EA does not approve of that. Now, this can lead to frustration when team decisions are overruled. Taken far enough, it can potentially lead to a situation where the EA people "grabs" all power and the team ends up feeling demotivated and not very agile at all. The Scrum guides has this to say about it: Self-organizing: No one (not even the Scrum Master) tells the Development Team how to turn Product Backlog into Increments of potentially releasable functionality. Is that reasonable? Should the EA team be disbanded? Should the teams refuse or simply comply?

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  • Technologies similar to Flash and Silverlight for Desktop apps

    - by M.A. Hanin
    Long story short: we use Flash as a partial GUI in our .NET desktop applications. Normally, this means that the Flash player control sits in some WinForm, playing a movie file. Changes in the real world are presented in the movie (e.g., a light-bulb turned on in the real world? a matching one will light up inside the Flash movie), and interaction with the instances in the movie will affect the real world (clicked the light-bulb? the light bulb in the real world will turn on). My question is: which technologies / products can offer me similar capabilities? Of course, I'm looking for something that can compete with Flash / Silverlight: animations, object-oriented scripting and design, powerful tools allowing the artists to design symbols conveniently, etc... static image objects won't cut it

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  • Visual web page designer for Django?

    - by Robert Oschler
    I'm just starting my Django learning so pardon me if any part of this question is off-base. I have done a lot of web searching for information on the equivalent of a visual web page designer for Django and I don't seem to be getting very far. I have experience with Delphi (Object Pascal), C, C++, Python, PHP, Java, and Javascript and have created and maintained several web sites that included MySQL database dependent content. For the longest time I've been using one of the standard WYSIWIG designers to design the actual web pages, with any needed back end programming done via Forms or AJAX calls that call server side PHP scripts. I have grown tired of the quirks, bugs, and other annoyances associated with the program. Also, I find myself hungry for the functionality and reliability a good MVC based framework would provide me so I could really express myself with custom code easily. So I am turning to Django/Python. However, I'm still a junkie for a good WYSIWIG designer for the layout of web pages. I know there are some out there that thrive on opening up a text editor, possibly with some code editor tools to assist, and pounding out pages. But I do adore a drag and drop editor for simple page layout, especially for things like embedded images, tables, buttons, etc. I found a few open source projects on GitHub but they seem to be focused on HTML web forms, not a generic web page editor. So can I get what I want here? The supreme goal would be to find not only a web page editor that creates Django compatible web pages, but if I dare say it, have a design editor that could add Python code stubs to various page elements in the style of the Delph/VCL or VB design editors. Note, I also have the Wing IDE Professional IDE, version 2.0. As a side note, if you know of any really cool, fun, or time-saving Python libraries that are designed for easy integration into Django please tell me about them. -- roschler

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  • Breaking down CS courses for freshmen

    - by Avinash
    I'm a student putting together a slide geared towards freshmen level students who are trying to understand what the importance of various classes in the CS curriculum are. Would it be safe to say that this list is fairly accurate? Data structures: how to store stuff in programs Discrete math: how to think logically Bits & bytes: how to ‘speak’ the machine’s language Advanced data structures: how to store stuff in more ways Algorithms: how to compute things efficiently Operating systems: how to do manage different processes/threads Thanks!

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  • In C what is the difference between null and a new line character? Guys help please [migrated]

    - by Siddhartha Gurjala
    Whats the conceptual difference and similarity between NULL and a newline character i.e between '\0' and '\n' Explain their relevance for both integer and character data type variables and arrays? For reference here is an example snippets of a program to read and write a 2d char array PROGRAM CODE 1: int main() { char sort(),stuname(),swap(),(*p)(),(*q)(); int n; p=stuname; q=swap; printf("Let the number of students in the class be \n"); scanf("%d",&n); fflush(stdin); sort(p,q,n); return 0; } char sort(p1,q1,n1) char (*p1)(),(*q1)(); int n1; { (*p1)(n1); (*q1)(); } char stuname(int nos) // number of students { char name[nos][256]; int i,j; printf("Reading names of %d students started--->\n\n",nos); name[0][0]='k'; //initialising as non NULL charecter for(i=0;i<nos;i++) // nos=number of students { printf("Give name of student %d\n",i); for(j=0;j<256;j++) { scanf("%c",&name[i][j]); if(name[i][j]=='\n') { name[i][j]='\0'; j=257; } } } printf("\n\nWriting student names:\n\n"); for(i=0;i<nos;i++) { for(j=0;j<256&&name[i][j]!='\0';j++) { printf("%c",name[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } } char swap() { printf("Will swap shortly after getting clarity on scanf and %c"); } The above code is working good where as the same logic given with slight diff is not giving appropriate output. Here's the code PROGRAM CODE 2: #include<stdio.h> int main() { char sort(),stuname(),swap(),(*p)(),(*q)(); int n; p=stuname; q=swap; printf("Let the number of students in the class be \n"); scanf("%d",&n); fflush(stdin); sort(p,q,n); return 0; } char sort(p1,q1,n1) char (*p1)(),(*q1)(); int n1; { (*p1)(n1); (*q1)(); } char stuname(int nos) // number of students { char name[nos][256]; int i,j; printf("Reading names of %d students started--->\n\n",nos); name[0][0]='k'; //initialising as non NULL charecter for(i=0;i<nos;i++) // nos=number of students { printf("Give name of student %d\n",i); ***for(j=0;j<256&&name[i][j]!='\0';j++)*** { scanf("%c",&name[i][j]); /*if(name[i][j]=='\n') { name[i][j]='\0'; j=257; }*/ } } printf("\n\nWriting student names:\n\n"); for(i=0;i<nos;i++) { for(j=0;j<256&&name[i][j]!='\0';j++) { printf("%c",name[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } } char swap() { printf("Will swap shortly after getting clarity on scanf and %c"); } Here one more instance of same program not giving proper output given below PROGRAM CODE 3: #include<stdio.h> int main() { char sort(),stuname(),swap(),(*p)(),(*q)(); int n; p=stuname; q=swap; printf("Let the number of students in the class be \n"); scanf("%d",&n); fflush(stdin); sort(p,q,n); return 0; } char sort(p1,q1,n1) char (*p1)(),(*q1)(); int n1; { (*p1)(n1); (*q1)(); } char stuname(int nos) // number of students { char name[nos][256]; int i,j; printf("Reading names of %d students started--->\n\n",nos); name[0][0]='k'; //initialising as non NULL charecter for(i=0;i<nos;i++) // nos=number of students { printf("Give name of student %d\n",i); ***for(j=0;j<256&&name[i][j]!='\n';j++)*** { scanf("%c",&name[i][j]); /*if(name[i][j]=='\n') { name[i][j]='\0'; j=257; }*/ } name[i][i]='\0'; } printf("\n\nWriting student names:\n\n"); for(i=0;i<nos;i++) { for(j=0;j<256&&name[i][j]!='\0';j++) { printf("%c",name[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } } char swap() { printf("Will swap shortly after getting clarity on scanf and %c"); } Why the program code 2 and program code 3 are not working as expected as that of the code 1?

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  • release management system - architectural question

    - by Sonic Soul
    Every place i've worked created their own release process, and all of them worked pretty well, however it took pretty good effort (and often a dedicated team) to manage releases. I am currently at a new place, and about to design such a system, however this time the team is very lean and we won't have dedicated resources to releasing. It will be up to development manager until the system is proofed enough for other developers to use. we're using Subversion as code repository, Team City as the build server, Jira issue tracker, Oracle db. I was thinking about writing a basic workflow app, that will let developers create a new manifest which will specify the following items. release details (who, jira issues etc) workflow step (dev, test, uat, prod approved, prod released) source files that last item is where it can get hairy. especially with database scripts. Figured I'd ask if there is a good pattern, or off the shelf product that could help with the database part, or perhaps the whole process. I briefly tested Red Gate Oracle deployment tool, but it didn't work out as well as I had hoped (from 1 day of testing at least) Questions: I think I could get around releasing of our code with something like Octopus Deploy straight from Team City. I am not clear however, how I could create a simple database deployment part, that will track which version of which script (from subversion) has been deployed where. Is there already some utility I could utilize for navigating subversion to choose which scripts should be released, instead of writing one from scratch. I'd just need it to produce some manifest of paths + versions.

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  • How to become a more organized programmer?

    - by Ted Wong
    I am a programmer that can code. But I find that I can get thing done, but not get thing do well or like most of the open source communities do. Well, I use some of the library from git hub. I find most of the programme is well structure. Also, a read me. My question are: Is that any common file structure or naming convention in the community or this is just a matter of personal taste? How to become a more organized programmer, instead of writing code just work. But more organized that let other easy to get in your project?

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  • What are the major challenges in creating a platform such as StackOverflow?

    - by gablin
    Let us assume you were to create a platform such as StackOverflow. It needs to be functional, fast and scalable, just like SO, in order to be successful. What are the major challenges you would face in such a task? I'm looking for technical challenges rather than problems such as how to advertise it and stuff like that. (I'm not looking for ways of creating a new site to challenge SO; I'm just interested in how difficult it would be to create it if it didn't already exist.)

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  • MS Grad Student Project

    - by Bernie Perez
    I'm a computer science grad student at UCLA specializing in security and/or mobile devices. I'm looking for ideas for my M.S. Project. Something with research and experimenting or testing. I have a few in mind, just wondering if the community has some good thoughts. I'm currently working on a project that deals with offload security related operations to a grid-powered/cloud server to improve battery life on phones or tablets, aka Security-Aware software on mobile devices. I might be able to expand on this for my project... but I'm open to any new types of ideas. I have another idea about secure communications with a peer-2-peer ad-hoc network, but its seems a little dull. Hope this questions is not off topic for this StackExchange. I look forward to hearing your thoughts and ideas.

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  • Is there a way communicate or measure levels of abstraction?

    - by hydroparadise
    I'll be the first to say that this question is a bit... out there. But here are a couple questions I bear in mind : Is abstraction continuous or discrete? Is there a single unit of abstraction? But I'm not sure those questions are truly answerable or even really makes sence. My naive answer would be something along the lines of abitrarily discrete but not necescarily having a single unit measure. Here's what I mean... Take a Black Labrador; an abstraction that could be made is that a Black Lab is a type of animal. [Animal]<--[Black Lab] A Black Lab is also a type of Dog. [Dog]<--[Black Lab] One way to establish a degree of abstraction is by comparing the two the abstractions. We could say that [Animal] is more abstract than [Dog] in respect to a Black Lab. It just so happens [Animal] can also be used as an abstraction of [Dog] So, we might end up with something like [Animal]<--[Dog]<--[Black Lab] With the model above, one might be inclined to say that there's two hops of abstraction to get from [Black Lab] to [Animal]. But you can't exactly tell somebody they need one level abstraction and reasonalby expect they will come up with [Dog] given they aren't explicity given the options above. If I needed to tell someobody in a single email that they needed an abstract class with out knowing what that abstract class is, is there a way to communaticate a degree of abstraction such that they might end up on Dog instead of Animal? As a side note, what area of study might this type of analysis fall under?

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  • Is inline SQL still classed as bad practice now that we have Micro ORMs?

    - by Grofit
    This is a bit of an open ended question but I wanted some opinions, as I grew up in a world where inline SQL scripts were the norm, then we were all made very aware of SQL injection based issues, and how fragile the sql was when doing string manipulations all over the place. Then came the dawn of the ORM where you were explaining the query to the ORM and letting it generate its own SQL, which in a lot of cases was not optimal but was safe and easy. Another good thing about ORMs or database abstraction layers were that the SQL was generated with its database engine in mind, so I could use Hibernate/Nhibernate with MSSQL, MYSQL and my code never changed it was just a configuration detail. Now fast forward to current day, where Micro ORMs seem to be winning over more developers I was wondering why we have seemingly taken a U-Turn on the whole in-line sql subject. I must admit I do like the idea of no ORM config files and being able to write my query in a more optimal manner but it feels like I am opening myself back up to the old vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and I am also tying myself to one database engine so if I want my software to support multiple database engines I would need to do some more string hackery which seems to then start to make code unreadable and more fragile. (Just before someone mentions it I know you can use parameter based arguments with most micro orms which offers protection in most cases from sql injection) So what are peoples opinions on this sort of thing? I am using Dapper as my Micro ORM in this instance and NHibernate as my regular ORM in this scenario, however most in each field are quite similar. What I term as inline sql is SQL strings within source code. There used to be design debates over SQL strings in source code detracting from the fundamental intent of the logic, which is why statically typed linq style queries became so popular its still just 1 language, but with lets say C# and Sql in one page you have 2 languages intermingled in your raw source code now. Just to clarify, the SQL injection is just one of the known issues with using sql strings, I already mention you can stop this from happening with parameter based queries, however I highlight other issues with having SQL queries ingrained in your source code, such as the lack of DB Vendor abstraction as well as losing any level of compile time error capturing on string based queries, these are all issues which we managed to side step with the dawn of ORMs with their higher level querying functionality, such as HQL or LINQ etc (not all of the issues but most of them). So I am less focused on the individual highlighted issues and more the bigger picture of is it now becoming more acceptable to have SQL strings directly in your source code again, as most Micro ORMs use this mechanism. Here is a similar question which has a few different view points, although is more about the inline sql without the micro orm context: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5303746/is-inline-sql-hard-coding

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  • What should a freelancer's business card have?

    - by Sergio
    For example, when I first started out freelancing a year ago, my business card had my name, email and website - and up top a list of the technologies I'm comfortable with. In retrospect I don't feel this was a wise decision. Why would a potential client know what Python or Ruby is? How could he know what .NET was? I still have a couple of the old batch left, but I'm going to send out for some new cards. What do you recommend we developers have to show on our business cards? Am I correct in thinking listing technologies is meaningless to potential clients?

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  • Question on refactoring and code design

    - by Software Engeneering Learner
    Suppose, I have a class with a constant static final field. Then I want in certain situations that field to be different. It still can be final, because it should be initialized in constructor. My question is, what strategy I should use: add this field value into the constructor create 2 subclasses, replace original field usage with some protected method and override it in subclasses Or create some composite class that will held instance of my class inside and somehow change that value? Which approach should I use and why?

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  • Concrete examples of Python's "only one way to do it" maxim

    - by Charles Roper
    I am learning Python and am intrigued by the following point in PEP 20 The Zen of Python: There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Could anyone offer any concrete examples of this maxim? I am particularly interested in the contrast to other languages such as Ruby. Part of the Ruby design philosophy (originating with Perl, I think?) is that multiple ways of doing it is A Good Thing. Can anyone offer some examples showing the pros and cons of each approach. Note, I'm not after an answer to which is better (which is probably too subjective to ever be answered), but rather an unbiased comparison of the two styles.

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  • What are the most important OO skills to show off in the job hunt?

    - by Kat
    I am in the market for new employment, and found a position were they asked me to create a programming sample based off an assignment. I blew the sample trying to get it done quickly one night, and got declined - only to be given a second chance recently. The concern was that I didn't really demonstrate object oriented knowledge. I've rethought my approach but I figure it's worth asking: if you were hiring someone for an OO position, what skills would you most want to see them demonstrate they had a firm grasp on? I want to be sure that I'm missing anything important this time around.

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  • Explain Model View Controller

    - by Channel72
    My experience with developing dynamic websites is limited mostly to Java servlets. I've used Tomcat to develop various Java servlets, and I wouldn't hesitate to say that I'm reasonably proficient with this technology, as well as with client-side HTML/CSS/Javascript for the front-end. When I think "dynamic website", I think: user requests a URL with a query string, server receives the query, and then proceeds to output HTML dynamically in order to respond to the query. This often involves communication with a database in order to fetch requested data for display. This is basically the idea behind the doGet method of a Java HttpServlet. But these days, I'm hearing more and more about newer frameworks such as Django and Ruby on Rails, all of which take advantage of the "Model View Controller" architecture. I've read various articles which explain MVC, but I'm having trouble really understanding the benefits. I understand that the general idea is to separate business logic from UI logic, but I fail to see how this is anything really different from normal web programming. Web programming, by it's very nature, forces you to separate business logic (back-end server-side programming) from UI programming (client-side HTML or Javascript), because the two exist in entirely different spheres of programming. Question: What does MVC offer over something like a Java servlet, and more importantly, what exactly is MVC and how is it different from what you would normally do to develop a dynamic website using a more traditional approach such as a Java servlet (or even something older like CGI). If possible, when explaining MVC, please provide an example which illustrates how MVC is applied to the web development process, and how it is beneficial.

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  • Do most companies not know how to write software?

    - by SnOrfus
    If you're an active reader here, try to think about how many times you've heard (and even agreed) when someone here has told someone else to start looking for a new job. Personally, I've seen it a lot more than I expected: it's almost starting to sound cliche. I get that there are bound to be a number of companies that are bad at developing software or managing a software project, but it almost seems like it's getting worse and more frequent, maybe we're just hearing from them and not all of the places that have decent work atmospheres/conditions. So I ask: In your experience, and through your developer friends do you find that it is common that companies have bad development environments and if so: Why do you think it's common? What do you think could be done to fix it as a developer, as a manager, as an industry? Do you think it's improving?

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  • Unit testing code paths

    - by Michael
    When unit testing using expectations, you define a set of method calls and corresponding results for those calls. These define the path through the method that you want to test. I have read that unit tests should not duplicate the code. But when you define these expectations, isn't that duplicating the code, or at least the process? How do you know when you're duplicating functionality under test?

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