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• Understanding UML composition better

  - by Prog

  The technical difference between Composition and Aggregation in UML (and sometimes in programming too) is that with Composition, the lifetime of the objects composing the composite (e.g. an engine and a steering wheel in a car) is dependent on the composite object. While with Aggregation, the lifetime of the objects making up the composite is independent of the composite. However I'm not sure about something related to composition in UML. Say ClassA is composed of an object of ClassB: class ClassA{ ClassB bInstance; public ClassA(){ bInstance = new ClassB(); } } This is an example of composition, because bInstance is dependent on the lifetime of it's enclosing object. However, regarding UML notation - I'm not sure if I would notate the relationship between ClassA and ClassB with a filled diamond (composition) or a white diamond (aggregation). This is because while the lifetime of some ClassB instances is dependent of ClassA instances - there could be ClassB instances anywhere else in the program - not only within ClassA instances. The question is: if ClassA objects are composed of ClassB objects - but other ClassB objects are free to be used anywhere else in the program: Should the relationship between ClassA and ClassB be notated as aggregation or as composition?

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• How to ...set up new Java environment - largely interfaces...

  - by Chris Kimpton

  Hi, Looks like I need to setup a new Java environment for some interfaces we need to build. Say our system is X and we need to interfaces to systems A, B and C. Then we will be writing interfaces X-A, X-B, X-C. Our system has a bus within it, so the publishing on our side will be to the bus and the interface processes will be taking from the bus and mapping to the destination system. Its for a vendor based system - so most of the core code we can't touch. Currently thinking we will have several processes, one per interface we need to do. The question is how to structure things. Several of the APIs we need to work with are Java based. We could go EJB, but prefer to keep it simple, one process per interface, so that we can restart them individually. Similarly SOA seems overkill, although I am probably mixing my thoughts about implementations of it compared to the concepts behind it... Currently thinking that something Spring based is the way to go. In true, "leverage a new tech if possible"-style, I am thinking maybe we can shoe horn some jruby into this, perhaps to make the APIs more readable, perhaps event-machine-like and to make the interface code more business-friendly, perhaps even storing the mapping code in the DB, as ruby snippets that get mixed in... but thats an aside... So, any comments/thoughts on the Spring approach - anything more up-to-date/relevant these days. EDIT: Looking a JRuby further, I am tempted to write it fully in JRuby... in which case do we need any frameworks at all, perhaps some gems to make things clearer... Thanks in advance, Chris

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• Concrete examples of Python's "only one way to do it" maxim

  - by Charles Roper

  I am learning Python and am intrigued by the following point in PEP 20 The Zen of Python: There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Could anyone offer any concrete examples of this maxim? I am particularly interested in the contrast to other languages such as Ruby. Part of the Ruby design philosophy (originating with Perl, I think?) is that multiple ways of doing it is A Good Thing. Can anyone offer some examples showing the pros and cons of each approach. Note, I'm not after an answer to which is better (which is probably too subjective to ever be answered), but rather an unbiased comparison of the two styles.

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• Forking a dual licensed app: How to license on my end?

  - by TheLQ

  I forked a project that was dual licensed under the GPL and a commercial license. Since my code was open source and the GPL being what it is, I started by releasing my app under the GPL. But now I'm thinking about dual licensing the project and can't figure out what to do. Since I have copyright on a majority of the code (most of the code was either rewritten or new), can I just pick a commercial license or do I have to buy the upstream commercial license since I'm technically a "derivative" of the project?

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• Switching to a career in Machine Learning

  - by Naive Machine Learner

  My day job is plain old software development. I am also doing my Masters in CS (part time, course based). I took a course on AI and found machine learning quite fascinating but like most courses it only offered a basic intro. I intend to learn more about Machine Learning and if possible get a job in that field. When I look at job postings in this field it is clear that a Phd in Machine learning (or prior experience in the field with considerable expertise) is required for most of them. I'm looking for advice on self learning to gain experience that'll useful in industry. At least, enough experience to get my foot in. I will do the obvious ones like reading text books, papers etc. Perhaps any open source efforts that I can participate in or something I could do on my own? Apologies if I'm being vague here but I hope there are at least a few of you who done a similar switch and can advise. Thanks !

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• Does The College Matter?

  - by Jonathon

  Does it matter all that much about what college you go to, to get a degree in computer programming/computer science? I didn't do all that well in high school, I actually barely graduated with a general High School Diploma. So getting into a decent college could be difficult. Companies won't deny you just because you got your degree at a college they have never heard of or a community college will they?

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• clear explanation sought: throw() and stack unwinding

  - by Jerry Gagelman

  I'm not a programmer but have learned a lot watching others. I am writing wrapper classes to simplify things with a really technical API that I'm working with. Its routines return error codes, and I have a function that converts those to strings: static const char* LibErrString(int errno); For uniformity I decided to have member of my classes throw an exception when an error is encountered. I created a class: struct MyExcept : public std::exception { const char* errstr_; const char* what() const throw() {return errstr_;} MyExcept(const char* errstr) : errstr_(errstr) {} }; Then, in one of my classes: class Foo { public: void bar() { int err = SomeAPIRoutine(...); if (err != SUCCESS) throw MyExcept(LibErrString(err)); // otherwise... } }; The whole thing works perfectly: if SomeAPIRoutine returns an error, a try-catch block around the call to Foo::bar catches a standard exception with the correct error string in what(). Then I wanted the member to give more information: void Foo::bar() { char adieu[128]; int err = SomeAPIRoutine(...); if (err != SUCCESS) { std::strcpy(adieu,"In Foo::bar... "); std::strcat(adieu,LibErrString(err)); throw MyExcept((const char*)adieu); } // otherwise... } However, when SomeAPIRoutine returns an error, the what() string returned by the exception contains only garbage. It occurred to me that the problem could be due to adieu going out of scope once the throw is called. I changed the code by moving adieu out of the member definition and making it an attribute of the class Foo. After this, the whole thing worked perfectly: a try-call block around a call to Foo::bar that catches an exception has the correct (expanded) string in what(). Finally, my question: what exactly is popped off the stack (in sequence) when the exception is thrown in the if-block when the stack "unwinds?" As I mentioned above, I'm a mathematician, not a programmer. I could use a really lucid explanation of what goes onto the stack (in sequence) when this C++ gets converted into running machine code.

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• Advancing Code Review and Unit Testing Practice

  - by Graviton

  As a team lead managing a group of developers with no experience ( and see no need) in code review and unit testing, how can you advance code review and unit testing practice? How are you going to create a way so that code review and unit testing to naturally fit into the developer's flow? One of the resistance of these two areas is that "we are always tight on dateline, so no time for code review and unit testing". Another resistance for code review is that we currently don't know how to do it. Should we review the code upon every check-in, or review the code at a specified date?

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• Is there an alternative to Google Code Search?

  - by blunders

  Per the Official Google Blog: Code Search, which was designed to help people search for open source code all over the web, will be shut down along with the Code Search API on January 15, 2012. Google Code Search is now gone, and since that makes it much harder to understand the features it presented, here's my attempt to render them via information I gathered from a cache of the page for the Search Options: The "In Search Box" just notes the syntax to type the command directly in the main search box instead of using the advance search interface. Package (In Search Box: "package:linux-2.6") Language (In Search Box: "lang:c++") (OPTIONS: any language, actionscript, ada, applescript, asp, assembly, autoconf, automake, awk, basic, bat, c, c#, c++, caja, cobol, coldfusion, configure, css, d, eiffel, erlang, fortran, go, haskell, inform, java, java, javascript, jsp, lex, limbo, lisp, lolcode, lua, m4, makefile, maple, mathematica, matlab, messagecatalog, modula2, modula3, objectivec, ocaml, pascal, perl, php, pod, prolog, proto, python, python, r, rebol, ruby, sas, scheme, scilab, sgml, shell, smalltalk, sml, sql, svg, tcl, tex, texinfo, troff, verilog, vhdl, vim, xslt, xul, yacc) File (In Search Box: "file:^.*.java$") Class (In Search Box: "class:HashMap") Function (In Search Box: "function:toString") License (In Search Box: "license:mozilla") (OPTIONS: null/any-license, aladdin/Aladdin-Public-License, artistic/Artistic-License, apache/Apache-License, apple/Apple-Public-Source-License, bsd/BSD-License, cpl/Common-Public-License, epl/Eclipse-Public-License, agpl/GNU-Affero-General-Public-License, gpl/GNU-General-Public-License, lgpl/GNU-Lesser-General-Public-License, disclaimer/Historical-Permission-Notice-and-Disclaimer, ibm/IBM-Public-License, lucent/Lucent-Public-License, mit/MIT-License, mozilla/Mozilla-Public-License, nasa/NASA-Open-Source-Agreement, python/Python-Software-Foundation-License, qpl/Q-Public-License, sleepycat/Sleepycat-License, zope/Zope-Public-License) Case Sensitive (In Search Box: "case:no") (OPTIONS: yes, no) Also of use in understanding the search tool would be the still live FAQs page for Google Code Search. Is there any code search engine that would fully replace Google Code Search's features?

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• CISCO Tapi with julmar atapi [closed]

  - by uma

  can we use julmar atapi for accessing cisco tapi/call manager functions?.. Is it a correct way to find solution. How to use cisco tapi with in .net application. Give me any sample code... Thanks in advance.. Sorry for the question with incomplete information. My requirement is, develop the interface for CUCM V8.6 (cisco unified call manager) with asp.net application. we need to communicate with CUCM to get the information about call details and force the user to enter authendication code. i got the information from web is, need C++ wrapper to access Tapi. Julmar Atapi is a free wrapper to access the Tapi. Our client need is , to use CISCO Tapi . My Question is , how to access CISCO Tapi from .Net Application. What is the Requirement? Is Julmar Atapi used to access CISCO Tapi? i want to use cisco FAC(Forced Authorization code) function. how to access this function from my application. Thanks in advance.

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• Purely technical reasons for PHP as a first choice?

  - by JoelFan

  I know this may come off as a flame-y / troll-y, but I hope you will take my word for it that it's not my intention. I am just trying to understand the PHP phenomenon. After looking at the many technical issues with the language design of PHP, I am hard pressed to find any redeeming technical advantages where PHP surpasses all other languages. Before coming to the conclusion that there would simply be no reason to choose PHP as a development language on purely technical grounds, I would like to ask, if all non-technical factors were equal (such as what language the developers already know, what languages the hosting provider offers, language of existing code, cost, license, corporate fiat, etc.), would there be any type of new software system that would indicate making PHP a first choice for development? If so, what technical advantage does PHP have over all other languages that would cause you to choose it? EDIT: I am not interested in comparing PHP "out of the box" with other languages "out of the box". If PHP has a certain feature "out of the box" that another language has only after installing some readily available add-on, that is not considered an advantage for PHP for the purposes of this question.

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• Any experience on open source database synchronization open source solutions? [on hold]

  - by Boris Pavlovic

  I'm considering few database synchronization open source solutions. The system in need for data synchronization is composed of instances of different types of databases, i.e. heterogeneous system. There are few candidates: Symmetric DS Talend's Data Integration with support for data synchronization Continuent's Tungsteen Replication Daffodil Replicator OS Do you have any real world experience with any of these tools?

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• Should we exclude code for the code coverage analysis?

  - by romaintaz

  I'm working on several applications, mainly legacy ones. Currently, their code coverage is quite low: generally between 10 and 50%. Since several weeks, we have recurrent discussions with the Bangalore teams (main part of the development is made offshore in India) regarding the exclusions of packages or classes for Cobertura (our code coverage tool, even if we are currently migrating to JaCoCo). Their point of view is the following: as they will not write any unit tests on some layers of the application (1), these layers should be simply excluded from the code coverage measure. In others words, they want to limit the code coverage measure to the code that is tested or should be tested. Also, when they work on unit test for a complex class, the benefits - purely in term of code coverage - will be unnoticed due in a large application. Reducing the scope of the code coverage will make this kind of effort more visible... The interest of this approach is that we will have a code coverage measure that indicates the current status of the part of the application we consider as testable. However, my point of view is that we are somehow faking the figures. This solution is an easy way to reach higher level of code coverage without any effort. Another point that bothers me is the following: if we show a coverage increase from one week to another, how can we tell if this good news is due to the good work of the developers, or simply due to new exclusions? In addition, we will not be able to know exactly what is considered in the code coverage measure. For example, if I have a 10,000 lines of code application with 40% of code coverage, I can deduct that 40% of my code base is tested (2). But what happen if we set exclusions? If the code coverage is now 60%, what can I deduct exactly? That 60% of my "important" code base is tested? How can I As far as I am concerned, I prefer to keep the "real" code coverage value, even if we can't be cheerful about it. In addition, thanks to Sonar, we can easily navigate in our code base and know, for any module / package / class, its own code coverage. But of course, the global code coverage will still be low. What is your opinion on that subject? How do you do on your projects? Thanks. (1) These layers are generally related to the UI / Java beans, etc. (2) I know that's not true. In fact, it only means that 40% of my code base

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• Can I save & store a user's submission in a way that proves that the data has not been altered, and that the timestamp is accurate?

  - by jt0dd

  There are many situations where the validity of the timestamp attached to a certain post (submission of information) might be invaluable for the post owner's legal usage. I'm not looking for a service to achieve this, as requested in this great question, but rather a method for the achievement of such a service. For the legal (in most any law system) authentication of text content and its submission time, the owner of the content would need to prove: that the timestamp itself has not been altered and was accurate to begin with. that the text content linked to the timestamp had not been altered I'd like to know how to achieve this via programming (not a language-specific solution, but rather the methodology behind the solution). Can a timestamp be validated to being accurate to the time that the content was really submitted? Can data be stored in a form that it can be read, but not written to, in a proven way? In other words, can I save & store a user's submission in a way that proves that the data has not been altered, and that the timestamp is accurate? I can't think of any programming method that would make this possible, but I am not the most experienced programmer out there. Based on MidnightLightning's answer to the question I cited, this sort of thing is being done. Clarification: I'm looking for a method (hashing, encryption, etc) that would allow an average guy like me to achieve the desired effect through programming. I'm interested in this subject for the purpose of Defensive Publication. I'd like to learn a method that allows an every-day programmer to pick up his computer, write a program, pass information through it, and say: I created this text at this moment in time, and I can prove it. This means the information should be protected from the programmer who writes the code as well. Perhaps a 3rd party API would be required. I'm ok with that.

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• Recursion VS memory allocation

  - by Vladimir Kishlaly

  Which approach is most popular in real-world examples: recursion or iteration? For example, simple tree preorder traversal with recursion: void preorderTraversal( Node root ){ if( root == null ) return; root.printValue(); preorderTraversal( root.getLeft() ); preorderTraversal( root.getRight() ); } and with iteration (using stack): Push the root node on the stack While the stack is not empty Pop a node Print its value If right child exists, push the node's right child If left child exists, push the node's left child In the first example we have recursive method calls, but in the second - new ancillary data structure. Complexity is similar in both cases - O(n). So, the main question is memory footprint requirement?

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• I'm scared for my technical phone interview for an internship!

  - by Marie

  [EDIT 2.0 ]Hello everyone. This is my second phone interview for a development internship. My very first one was okay, but I didn't get my dream internship. Now, I'm facing fears about this upcoming interview. My fears include the following: I'm 19 years old. The thought of 2 lead developers interviewing me makes me think that I'll know so little of what they'd want me to know. Like they will expect so much. I'm a junior having these panic attacks that I did not get in the other internship. I have a little voice saying "You didn't get the other one. What makes you think you'll get this one?". I'm scared that I'll freeze up, forget everything I know, and stutter like an idiot. I'm still traumatized by the last one, because I really really wanted that internship, and I even studied very hard for it. When I was in the interview, I was so nervous I couldn't think clearly. As a result, I didn't do as well as I know I could have. The minute I hung up, I even thought of a better solution to the interview question! Any tips for a soon-to-be intern (hopefully!)? Thank you! P.S. I'm preparing by using this guide for phone interviews.

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• MS Grad Student Project

  - by Bernie Perez

  I'm a computer science grad student at UCLA specializing in security and/or mobile devices. I'm looking for ideas for my M.S. Project. Something with research and experimenting or testing. I have a few in mind, just wondering if the community has some good thoughts. I'm currently working on a project that deals with offload security related operations to a grid-powered/cloud server to improve battery life on phones or tablets, aka Security-Aware software on mobile devices. I might be able to expand on this for my project... but I'm open to any new types of ideas. I have another idea about secure communications with a peer-2-peer ad-hoc network, but its seems a little dull. Hope this questions is not off topic for this StackExchange. I look forward to hearing your thoughts and ideas.

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• Django as Python extension?

  - by NoobDev4iPhone

  I come from php community and just started learning Python. I have to create server-side scripts that manipulate databases, files, and send emails. Some of it I found hard to do in python, comparing to php, like sending emails and querying databases. Where in php you have functions like mysql_query(), or email(), in python you have to write whole bunch of code. Recently I found Django, and my question is: is it a good framework for network-oriented scripts, instead of using it as a web-framework?

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• What format have project managers used for defining features/requirements? [on hold]

  - by Jon

  At the company that I currently work at, Word documents are passed around which contain the features/requirements for the software we write, and those Word docs contain mock-ups (there aren't any use cases that I've seen). I'm just curious what project managers use at other companies. Do some skip making the requirements documents altogether and go straight for a ticket-tracker such as JIRA? What seems to work the best? Thanks, -Jon

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• Business Objects - Containers or functional?

  - by Walter

  This is a question I asked a while back on SO, but it may get discussed better here... Where I work, we've gone back and forth on this subject a number of times and are looking for a sanity check. Here's the question: Should Business Objects be data containers (more like DTOs) or should they also contain logic that can perform some functionality on that object. Example - Take a customer object, it probably contains some common properties (Name, Id, etc), should that customer object also include functions (Save, Calc, etc.)? One line of reasoning says separate the object from the functionality (single responsibility principal) and put the functionality in a Business Logic layer or object. The other line of reasoning says, no, if I have a customer object I just want to call Customer.Save and be done with it. Why do I need to know about another class to save a customer if I'm consuming the object? Our last two projects have had the objects separated from the functionality, but the debate has been raised again on a new project. Which makes more sense and why??

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• Should I avoid SharePoint Development in Visual Studio?

  - by SaphuA

  Hello, Not long ago I started an internship at a company that supplies SharePoint consultancy, hosting and development. While their consultancy seems to be pretty good and solid, I feel their development department lacks direction. The reason for this, most likely, is that they stopped outsourcing not too long ago. One thing that I've frequently bumped my head into is the following: My supervisor strongly insists that everything that can be done natively in SharePoint (somehow this includes editing xslt files in Designer) should be done in SharePoint. Even if this results in longer development time (at least when they make me write XSLT) and reduced usability. Her main arguments for this are: Better maintainability Editing the functionality doesn't require programming knowledge I feel the company is a little biassed and I am unable to get a decent discussion going. This is why I am looking for other places to get some responses on the subject (and not only on the arguments of my supervisor, but more on the subject in general). Kind regards

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• Explain Model View Controller

  - by Channel72

  My experience with developing dynamic websites is limited mostly to Java servlets. I've used Tomcat to develop various Java servlets, and I wouldn't hesitate to say that I'm reasonably proficient with this technology, as well as with client-side HTML/CSS/Javascript for the front-end. When I think "dynamic website", I think: user requests a URL with a query string, server receives the query, and then proceeds to output HTML dynamically in order to respond to the query. This often involves communication with a database in order to fetch requested data for display. This is basically the idea behind the doGet method of a Java HttpServlet. But these days, I'm hearing more and more about newer frameworks such as Django and Ruby on Rails, all of which take advantage of the "Model View Controller" architecture. I've read various articles which explain MVC, but I'm having trouble really understanding the benefits. I understand that the general idea is to separate business logic from UI logic, but I fail to see how this is anything really different from normal web programming. Web programming, by it's very nature, forces you to separate business logic (back-end server-side programming) from UI programming (client-side HTML or Javascript), because the two exist in entirely different spheres of programming. Question: What does MVC offer over something like a Java servlet, and more importantly, what exactly is MVC and how is it different from what you would normally do to develop a dynamic website using a more traditional approach such as a Java servlet (or even something older like CGI). If possible, when explaining MVC, please provide an example which illustrates how MVC is applied to the web development process, and how it is beneficial.

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• I'm interested in checking out a stack-oriented programming language. Which one would you recommend?

  - by Anto

  I'm interested in learning a stack-oriented programming language (such as Forth), which one would you recommend? The qualities I want are: You should be able to develop non-trivial software in it, but it mustn't be a great language for that as: I want to learn the language so I can try out a new paradigm (that is, not because I (think) that I will have great use of it). The reason I want to learn another paradigm is that I want to broaden my views on different approaches (learn to think in new ways, different from OOP, functional and structured). The language should let me do that (learn to think differently). The language should have available and good resources to learn from. The resources should also approach stack-oriented programming in a way that you understand the paradigm (after all, I do this for the paradigm).

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• Why is Python slower than Java but faster than PHP

  - by good_computer

  I have many times seen various benchmarks that show how a bunch of languages perform on a given task. Always these benchmarks reveal that Python is slower then Java and faster than PHP. And I wonder why is that the case. Java, Python, and PHP run inside a virtual machine All three languages convert their programs into their custom byte codes that run on top of OS -- so none is running natively Both Java and Python can be "complied" (.pyc for Python) but the __main__ module for Python is not compiled Python and PHP are dynamically typed and Java statically -- is this the reason Java is faster, and if so, please explain how that affects speed. And, even if the dynamic-vs-static argument is correct, this does not explain why PHP is slower than Python -- because both are dynamic languages. You can see some benchmarks here and here, and here

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• What development terms come from the construction industry?

  - by Renesis

  When talking with colleagues about software design and development principles, I've noticed one of the most common sources for analogies is the construction industry. It would be quite useful to have a list of what programming/development terms and concepts are borrowed from construction industry? (And please provide a description or experiences regarding that topic.) [Credit to Programming concepts taken from the arts and humanities for the idea]

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