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• How can I detect dos line breaks in a file?

  - by chiggsy

  I have a bunch of files. Some are unix line endings, many are dos. I'd like to test each file to see if if is dos formatted, before I switch the line endings. How would I do this? Is there a flag I can test for? Something similar?

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• cmake source and out-of-source navigation

  - by idimba

  Hi, cmake advises to use out-of-source builds. While in general I like the idea I find it not comfortable to navigate from out-of-source sub directory to the corresponding source directory. I frequently need the code to perform some actions with code (e.g. grep, svn command etc.). Is there an easy way in shell to navigate from out-of-source sub directory to the corresponding source directory? Thanks Dima

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• How can I prevent default_environment variables from getting set by Capistrano's sudo action?

  - by Logan Koester

  My deploy.rb sets some environment variables to use the regular user's local Ruby rather than the system-wide one. set :default_environment, { :PATH => '/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global/bin:/home/myapp/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games', :RUBY_VERSION => 'ruby-1.9.1-p378', :GEM_HOME => '/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378', :GEM_PATH => '/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global' } Naturally, when a task is using sudo, I would expect the system-wide ruby to be used instead. But it seems the environment variables are being set anyway, which is obviously invalid for the root user and returns an error: executing "sudo -p 'sudo password: ' /etc/init.d/god stop" servers: ["myapp.com"] [myapp.com] executing command command finished failed: "env PATH=/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global/bin:/home/myapp/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games RUBY_VERSION=ruby-1.9.1-p378 GEM_HOME=/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378 GEM_PATH=/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global sh -c 'sudo -p '\\''sudo password: '\\'' /etc/init.d/god stop'" on myapp.com It makes no difference whether I use capistrano's sudo "system call" or the regular run "sudo system call". How can I avoid this?

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• Escaping Code for Different Shells

  - by Jon Purdy

  Question: What characters do I need to escape in a user-entered string to securely pass it into shells on Windows and Unix? What shell differences and version differences should be taken into account? Can I use printf "%q" somehow, and is that reliable across shells? Backstory (a.k.a. Shameless Self-Promotion): I made a little DSL, the Vision Web Template Language, which allows the user to create templates for X(HT)ML documents and fragments, then automatically fill them in with content. It's designed to separate template logic from dynamic content generation, in the same way that CSS is used to separate markup from presentation. In order to generate dynamic content, a Vision script must defer to a program written in a language that can handle the generation logic, such as Perl or Python. (Aside: using PHP is also possible, but Vision is intended to solve some of the very problems that PHP perpetuates.) In order to do this, the script makes use of the @system directive, which executes a shell command and expands to its output. (Platform-specific generation can be handled using @unix or @windows, which only expand on the proper platform.) The problem is obvious, I should think: test.htm: <!-- ... --> <form action="login.vis" method="POST"> <input type="text" name="USERNAME"/> <input type="password" name="PASSWORD"/> </form> <!-- ... --> login.vis: #!/usr/bin/vision # Think USERNAME = ";rm -f;" @system './login.pl' { USERNAME; PASSWORD } One way to safeguard against this kind of attack is to set proper permissions on scripts and directories, but Web developers may not always set things up correctly, and the naive developer should get just as much security as the experienced one. The solution, logically, is to include a @quote directive that produces a properly escaped string for the current platform. @system './login.pl' { @quote : USERNAME; @quote : PASSWORD } But what should @quote actually do? It needs to be both cross-platform and secure, and I don't want to create terrible problems with a naive implementation. Any thoughts?

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• Shell - Run additional command on failure

  - by Shawn

  I have this script that I am currently running that works great for all instances but one: #!/bin/sh pdfopt test.pdf test.opt.pdf &>/dev/null pdf2swf test.opt.pdf test.swf [ "$?" -ne 0 ] && exit 2 More lines to execute follow the above code ... How would I go about changing this script to run "pdf2swf test.pdf test.swf" if "pdf2swf test.opt.pdf test.swf" fails? If the second attempt fails, then I would "exit 2". Thanks

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• strange behavior

  - by lego69

  I wrote simple script test echo hello <-- inside test if I press one time enter after hello, my script will run, if I don't press - it will not, if two times I'll receive my hello and + command was not found, can somebody please explain me this behavior thanks in advance

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• Exit SSH from the script

  - by Kimi

  I Want to exit ssh: Does the below line work: ssh -f -T ${USAGE_2_USER}@${USAGE_2_HOST} Or do i need to write it some other way . Please tell should I use exit with ssh an how?

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• Extracting shell script from parameterised Hudson job

  - by Jonik

  I have a parameterised Hudson job, used for some AWS deployment stuff, which in one build step runs certain shell commands. However, that script has become sufficiently complicated that I want to "extract" it from Hudson to a separate script file, so that it can easily be versioned properly. The Hudson job would then simply update from VCS and execute the external script file. My main question is about passing parameters to the script. I have a Hudson parameter named AMI_ID and a few others. The script references those params as if they were environment variables: echo "Using AMI $AMI_ID and type $TYPE" Now, this works fine inside Hudson, but not if Hudson calls an external script. Could I somehow make Hudson set the params as environment variables so that I don't need to change the script? Or is my best option to alter the script to take command line parameters (and possibly assign those to named variables for readability: ami_id=$1; type=$2; ... )? I tried something like this but the script doesn't get correctly replaced values: export AMI_ID=$AMI_ID export TYPE=$TYPE external-script.sh # this tries to use e.g. $AMI_ID Bonus question: when the script is inside Hudson, the "console output" will contain both the executed commands and their output. This is extremely useful for debugging when something goes wrong with a build! For example, here the line starting with "+" is part of the script and the following line its output: + ec2-associate-address -K pk.pem -C cert.pem 77.125.116.139 -i i-aa3487fd ADDRESS 77.125.116.139 i-aa3487fd When calling an external script, Hudson output will only contain the latter line, making debugging harder. I could cat the script file to stdout before running it, but that's not optimal either. In effect, I'd like a kind of DOS-style "echo on" for the script which I'm calling from Hudson - anyone know a trick to achieve this?

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• Specify private SSH-key to use when executing shell command with or without Ruby?

  - by Christoffer

  A rather unusual situation perhaps, but I want to specify a private SSH-key to use when executing a shell (git) command from the local computer. Basically like this: git clone [email protected]:TheUser/TheProject.git -key "/home/christoffer/ssh_keys/theuser" Or even better (in Ruby): with_key("/home/christoffer/ssh_keys/theuser") do sh("git clone [email protected]:TheUser/TheProject.git") end I have seen examples of connecting to a remote server with Net::SSH that uses a specified private key, but this is a local command. Is it possible? Thanks

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• numeric cycles in shell

  - by oraz

  hello, what is the name and sintacsys of construcion ((..)) in example below? for ((i=1;i<10;i++)) do echo $i; done it has strange variable i where are other constructons for numeric cycling in shell?

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• What happened to the TMP environment variable?

  - by Mark0978

  I always heard that the proper way to find the temporary folder on a UNIX machine was to look at the TMP environment variable. When writing code that worked on Windows as well as Linux, I would check for TEMP and TMP. Today, I discovered that my Ubuntu install does not have that environment variable at all. I know it seems you can always count on /tmp being there to put your temporary files in, but I understood that TMP was the way the user could tell you to put the temporary files someplace else. Is that still the case?

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• use awk to identify multi-line record and filtering

  - by nanshi

  I need to process a big data file that contains multi-line records, example input: 1 Name Dan 1 Title Professor 1 Address aaa street 1 City xxx city 1 State yyy 1 Phone 123-456-7890 2 Name Luke 2 Title Professor 2 Address bbb street 2 City xxx city 3 Name Tom 3 Title Associate Professor 3 Like Golf 4 Name 4 Title Trainer 4 Likes Running Note that the first integer field is unique and really identifies a whole record. So in the above input I really have 4 records although I dont know how many lines of attributes each records may have. I need to: - identify valid record (must have "Name" and "Title" field) - output the available attributes for each valid record, say "Name", "Title", "Address" are needed fields. Example output: 1 Name Dan 1 Title Professor 1 Address aaa street 2 Name Luke 2 Title Professor 2 Address bbb street 3 Name Tom 3 Title Associate Professor So in the output file, record 4 is removed since it doen't have the "Name" field. Record 3 doesn't have Address field but still being print to the output since it is a valid record that has "Name" and "Title". Can I do this with awk? But how do i identify a whole record using the first "id" field on each line? Thanks a lot to the unix shell script expert for helping me out! :)

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• Swapping of columns in a file and remove duplicates

  - by LucaB

  Hi all i have a file like this: term1 term2 term3 term4 term2 term1 term5 term3 ..... ..... what i need to do is to remove duplicates in any order they appear, such as: term1 term2 and term2 term1 is a duplicate to me. It is a really long file, so I'm not sure what can be faster. Does anyone has an idea on how to do this? awk perhaps?

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• How to display an array's content in colomns, like ls -C does.

  - by Arko

  I wanted to display a long list of strings from an array. Right now, my script run through a for loop echoing each value to the standard output: for value in ${values[@]} do echo $value done Yeah, that's pretty ugly! And the one column listing is pretty long too... I was wondering if i can find a command or builtin helping me to display all those values in columns, like the ls command does by default when listing a directory (ls -C).

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• Cross-platform getopt for a shell script

  - by codeholic

  I've just found out that getopt is not cross-platform (in particular for FreeBSD and Linux). What is the best workaround for this issue?

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• "find" files under current directory but skipping some specific sub-directories

  - by Tim

  I wonder how to specify to the command "find" for searching files under current directory but skipping some specific sub-directories. For example, I would like to skip sub-directories that match "./dir1/*.1/" Thanks and regards!

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• Git Status Across Multiple Repositories on a Mac

  - by eapen

  I have been searching for a solution to this for a while and have not found quite what I need. I have several Git Repositories in a folder on my Mac (OSX 10.6) and would like a script or tool that will loop through all the repositories and let me know if any of them needs "commit"-ing. This is my structure Sites   /project1   /project2   /project3 I want the tool to do a "git status" in Sites/project1, Sites/project2, Sites/project3 and let me know if Sites/project2 and Sites/project3 have changes or new files and needs to be Staged/committed The closest script I found that might be hackable is here: http://gist.github.com/371828 but even that script wouldn't run and I get an error: "syntax error near unexpected token `do" which might have been written for *nix.

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• ssh script gives "key_read" error

  - by lugte098

  I'm using a script that connects to a cluster through ssh and sends some commands, then quits the connection. This script basically connects once using ssh, then executes a script in this session. This script loops through a list of commands a few times and after it is finished, the connection is terminated. So this script works fine, except for the fact that after a few loops it gives me the following error at loop 22. And then again at loop 32. The loops do exactly the same thing, so i cannot grasp the problem the script is facing. This is the error: key_read: uudecode AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAxmNx2hcXLpTjuaa3yKC3B9gbF7KprP2/ CH8fBgMbCyIcOB+ZMQDmEnbVTqedBwV/mxjZzorEpHTM8MX2WsTjFsxwzDgcpuxm+3cwfb0WSy9Y4Kb F8crAsRDbBIpUZ2n/iSdRcds9nTjk6PA61kTS24RLACHpqF18vudlO5WcbCOnAwa+DdUs0Raw29UiQc BaC6M4YPnApq9Ayy7a6qFI2uK6efkwfLTZIDivWlIdLpRLEyuBEpozQQhEd0mrGhR/ Gl1GevRvFMms14130xQ4A5UpJSn6CmrRIWBkcgp1TilqDGQ1F5xZOinnc4C00gFrbT3hkkQqY5A9p node023,10.141.0.31 ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAxmNx2hcXLpTjuaa3yKC3 B9gbF7KprP2/CH8fBgMbCyIcOB+ZMQDmEnbVTqedBwV/mxjZzorEpHTM8MX2WsTjFsxwzDgcpuxm+ 3cwfb0WSy9Y4KbF8crAsRDbBIpUZ2n/iSdRcds9nTjk6PA61kTS24RLACHpqF18vudlO5WcbCOnAw a+DdUs0Raw29UiQcBaC6M4YPnApq9Ayy7a6qFI2uK6efkwfLTZIDivWlIdLpRLEyuBEpozQQhEd0m rGhR/Gl1GevRvFMms14130xQ4A5UpJSn6CmrRIWBkcgp1TilqDGQ1F5xZOinnc4C00gFrbT3hkkQqY5 A9pa0lQHFkSw==

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• How do I get Git's latest stable release version number?

  - by MattDiPasquale

  I'm writing a git-install.sh script: http://gist.github.com/419201 To get Git's latest stable release version number, I do: LSR_NUM=$(curl -silent http://git-scm.com/ | sed -n '/id="ver"/ s/.*v\([0-9].*\)<.*/\1/p') 2 Questions: Refactor my code: Is there a better way programmatically to do this? This works now, but it's brittle: if the web page at http://git-scm.com/ changes, the line above may stop working. PHP has a reliable URL for getting the latest release version: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/288206/is-there-a-site-which-simply-outputs-the-latest-stable-version-numbers-of-php-and Is there something like this for Git? This comes close: http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/

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• logins with cURL

  - by steve

  I'm looking to use cURL to login to Blackboard, a course management system used a many universities. (For example, http://blackboard.unh.edu) How would I do this? Blackboard uses HTTPS certificates and cookies too I believe. Thanks!

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• Checking if a directory contains files

  - by ionn

  How do I check if a directory contains files? Something similar to this: if [ -e /some/dir/* ]; then echo "huzzah"; fi; but which works if the directory contains one or several files (the above one only works with exactly 0 or 1 files).

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• Cat with new line

  - by murugaperumal

  My input file content is welcome welcome1 welcome2 My script is for groupline in `cat file` do echo $groupline; done I got the following output. welcome welcome1 welcome2 Why it is not print the empty line. I want the reason.

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• Add xcode-select to PATH vs. Install Xcode Command Line Tools?

  - by MattDiPasquale

  Now with Xcode 4.5, is it OK to just add the following line to my ~/.bash_profile rather than installing the Xcode Command Line Tools? export PATH="$PATH:`xcode-select -print-path`/usr/bin:`xcode-select -print-path`/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin" Note: Xcode says the following about Command Line Tools: Before installing, note that from within Terminal you can use the XCRUN tool to launch compilers and other tools embedded within the Xcode application. Use the XCODE-SELECT tool to define which version of Xcode is active. Type "man xcrun" from within Terminal to find out more.

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• How to replace the nth column/field in a comma-separated string using sed/awk?

  - by Peter Meier

  assume I have a string "1,2,3,4" Now I want to replace, e.g. the 3rd field of the string by some different value. "1,2,NEW,4" I managed to do this with the following command: echo "1,2,3,4" | awk -F, -v OFS=, '{$3="NEW"; print }' Now the index for the column to be replaced should be passed as a variable. So in this case index=3 How can I pass this to awk? Because this won't work: echo "1,2,3,4" | awk -F, -v OFS=, '{$index="NEW"; print }' echo "1,2,3,4" | awk -F, -v OFS=, '{$($index)="NEW"; print }' echo "1,2,3,4" | awk -F, -v OFS=, '{\$$index="NEW"; print }' Thanks for your help!

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• killing all instances of chrome on the command line?

  - by Fedor

  In some cases killing a single tab/process doesn't do it and I need to close Chrome entirely. Since Chrome has multiple processes, how can I close all of them at once? I know that... pgrep chrome returns all the pids, can someone tell me a trick that would allow me to close all of them by feeding them to another command or merging them to a csv or something?

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