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• Cannot install grub to RAID1 (md0)

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat This is the my mdadm output after sync: /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Feb 17 16:18:25 2010 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Used Dev Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 1 15:19:31 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 92e6ff4e:ed3ab4bf:fee5eb6c:d9b9cb11 Events : 0.11049560 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. This is my fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057d19 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sda5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table This is my grub install output: root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sda /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels or both partition label and filesystem. This is not supported yet.. /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for cross-disk install. root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sdb Installation finished. No error reported. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• How do I mount a "DiskSecure Multiboot" partition?

  - by ????

  For a hard drive that has 4 or 5 partitions, I was able to mount one of them using Ubuntu LiveCD: sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt but is there a way to mount to the other partitions? (if using sudo fdisk -l, it only shows /dev/sda) GParted's snapshot is: Right now, the fdisk info is as follows: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1aca8ea5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 284993226 350602558 32804666+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT and then ubuntu@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda1 Disk /dev/sda1: 33.6 GB, 33591978496 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4083 cylinders, total 65609333 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2052474d This doesn't look like a partition table Probably you selected the wrong device. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1p1 ? 6579571 1924427647 958924038+ 70 DiskSecure Multi-Boot /dev/sda1p2 ? 1953251627 3771827541 909287957+ 43 Unknown /dev/sda1p3 ? 225735265 225735274 5 72 Unknown /dev/sda1p4 2642411520 2642463409 25945 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order Per @lgarzo's request, parted info is: ubuntu@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo parted /dev/sda print Model: ATA ST3320820AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 320GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 146GB 180GB 33.6GB primary ntfs boot The command sudo mount /dev/sda1p2 /mnt won't work.

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• Intel 82576 Network card

  - by No1_Melman

  I have an Intel dual port pcie NIC card with two 82576 interfaces according to ubuntu 12.04. I run the command sudo lshw -html > /home/melman/Documents/hardware.html and it shows both of the interfaces but they're grayed out?! How can enable them? ifconfig output: bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.100.2 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e0:69:95:d1:db:ff inet addr:192.168.10.63 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::e269:95ff:fed1:dbff/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2903 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2627 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1524738 (1.5 MB) TX bytes:430196 (430.1 KB) Interrupt:20 Memory:f7f00000-f7f20000 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:b6:50:a7:f9 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:21:6e:99:77 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Memory:f7c00000-f7c20000 eth5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:21:6e:99:76 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Memory:f7c20000-f7c40000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:246 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:246 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:17584 (17.5 KB) TX bytes:17584 (17.5 KB)

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• Ubuntu installation does not recognize drive partitioning

  - by Woltan

  I have a 1TB drive and installed Windows 7 on a 128GB partition. When I now try to install Ubuntu 11.04 it does not recognize the Windows partition but offers the complete 1TB drive to install Ubuntu on instead. It displays: However, in the Ubuntu Disk Utility the Windows partitions are recognized. What do I need to do in order for Ubuntu to recognize the Windows 7 partition and install Ubuntu as a dual boot? Response to comments The following commands were executed and the results are shown below: fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34a38165 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 16318 130969600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x14a714a6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux parted -l Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label

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• How to mount an external HDD?

  - by Slash

  I have Ubuntu Linux 12.04 version the latest right now.I want to mount an external HDD NTFS 1TB.I have followed many guides but still no success.The error I'm getting is this: Failed to read last sector (1953523119): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sdb1': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sdb1' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around? Using Storage Device MAnager i get this error:Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: mount: only root can mount /dev/sdb1 on /media/Skliros_Diskos {external disk name} When I use sudo fdisk -l, this is the output: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e0bc6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 618854399 309426176 83 Linux /dev/sda2 618856446 625141759 3142657 5 Extended /dev/sda5 618856448 625141759 3142656 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121600 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002093a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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• I can't install Ubuntu on my Dell Inspiron 15R at all

  - by Kieran Rimmer

  I'm attempting to install Ubuntu 12.04LTS, 64 bit onto a Dell Inspiron 15R laptop. I've shrunk down one of the windows partitions and even used gparted to format the vacant space as ext4. However, the install disk simply does not present any options when it comes to the partitioning step. What I get is a non-responsive blank table As well as the above, I've changed the BIOS settings so that USB emulation is disabled (as per Can't install on Dell Inspiron 15R), and changed the SATA Operation setting to all three possible options. Anyway, the install CD will bring up the trial version of ubuntu, and if I open terminal and type sudo fdisk -l, I get this: Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb4fd9215 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda2 * 81920 29044735 14481408 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 29044736 1005142015 488048640 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 1005154920 1953520064 474182572+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb4fd923d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 16775167 8386560 84 OS/2 hidden C: drive If I type 'sudo parted -l', I get: Model: ATA WDC WD10JPVT-75A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 41.1MB 41.1MB primary fat16 diag 2 41.9MB 14.9GB 14.8GB primary ntfs boot 3 14.9GB 515GB 500GB primary ntfs 4 515GB 1000GB 486GB primary ext4 Model: ATA SAMSUNG SSD PM83 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 8589MB 8588MB primary Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! I've also tried a Kubuntu 12.04 and Linuxmint install disks, wityh the same problem. I'm completely lost here. Cheers, Kieran

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• My Android phone isn't being detected by Ubuntu

  - by Lara

  This is what I've got from terminal, looks like it can see the phone as a USB device just fine but isn't showing up under fdisk so I can't mount it. It automounts just fine in my VMWare Windows. And Internet tethering works fine while under Linux (haven't tried under Windows). Here's lsusb: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 019: ID 04d9:1135 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05ca:18c0 Ricoh Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0489:e00f Foxconn / Hon Hai Foxconn T77H114 BCM2070 [Single-Chip Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR Adapter] Bus 003 Device 010: ID 04e8:6860 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 002 Device 012: ID 046d:c315 Logitech, Inc. Classic New Touch Keyboard And here's sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001ff06 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 681845797 340921875 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 * 681846784 845686783 81920000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 845686784 968566783 61440000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 968568830 972475081 1953126 5 Extended /dev/sda5 968568832 972475081 1953125 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 2000 MB, 2000000000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243 cylinders, total 3906250 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbe4c2ec7 Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• Can't access external hard drives or thumb drives

  - by calden

  I am not a complete linux noob but I don't know a lot either and would greatly appreciate some help with this. I just installed Ubuntu 10.10 onto my laptop. Everything is working great however USB devices such as thumb drives and external hard drives wont show up. I have been looking around a bit and when I run sudo fdisk -l it displays this: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00065684 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 29255 234983424 83 Linux /dev/sda2 29255 30402 9212929 5 Extended /dev/sda5 29255 30402 9212928 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 16.0 GB, 16026435072 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15283 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000df90d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 15283 15649776 7 HPFS/NTFS It does seem to display my 16 gig thumb drive but other then seeing it here I cant access it to read and write files to it. It does the same with my external hard drive. I know those devices work as I have tried them on my other computer and they are working fine. Also this is what is in fstab if this will help anybody help me: proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/sdb1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sdb5 none swap sw 0 0 Thank you very much for the help everyone.

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• How to start/stop iptables in Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by imwrng

  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 . while learning some new things about iptables i cant through this . see at the image . while i am trying to start ,its saying as root@badfox:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination root@badfox:~# service iptables stop iptables: unrecognized service root@badfox:~# service iptables start iptables: unrecognized service Source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-iptables-examples.html Why i am getting like this ? EDIT: So my firewall already started but why i am not getting the output as i mentioned in the link at source link in first workout. . Here is my output root@badfox:~# sudo start ufw start: Job is already running: ufw root@badfox:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 4882 packets, 2486K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5500 packets, 873K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination root@badfox:~#

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• Ubuntu installer does not show drives

  - by Tanweer Rashid

  I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on my Inspiron laptio, but the installer does not show any drives. My system has a 1TB SATA drive and a 32GB SSD. As far as I can figure, the boot files are kept on the SSD for fast startup (for Windows). During Win7 installation, I had to manually load drivers for RAID controller to see all available drives. Running fdisk -l from the live CD shows the following: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x234b4782 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 * 81920 41627647 20772864 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 41627648 357019647 157696000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 357019648 1953517567 798248960 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 672415744 1312966655 320275456 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 1312968704 1953517567 320274432 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x234b474b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 16775167 8386560 84 OS/2 hidden C: drive ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ In the Ubuntu installer, I can only choose /dev/sdb for "Device for boot loader installation", and sdb doesn't show any drives. I cannot select /dev/sda. Any ideas anyone? Thanks.

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• SD Card only mounted after a reboot

  - by hattenn

  I have a Kingston 2GB MicroSD and I plug it in via an inconix MicroSD Adapter to the internal card reader of my Samsung N210 Netbook with Ubuntu 10.10, but it doesn't show up. Only if I reboot the system when the card's plugged in it shows up. Why does it need a reboot for mounting? sudo fdisk -l gives the output below. But I can only see the drive when I reboot the computer while the card's plugged. Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9a5a7990 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1959 15728640 27 Unknown Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 1959 1972 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1972 18992 136718750 83 Linux /dev/sda4 18992 19458 3738625 5 Extended /dev/sda5 18992 19458 3738624 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1973 MB, 1973420032 bytes 60 heads, 59 sectors/track, 1088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 3540 * 512 = 1812480 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1089 1927100+ 6 FAT16

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• Unable to mount an LVM Hard-drive after upgrade

  - by Bruce Staples

  I imagine this is a basic gotcha ... but I can't see it. I have a system with 2(physical) harddrives. The boot system (/dev/sda) was running 10.04 & the second drive (/dev/sdb) was just a mounted filesystem. I did a clean load of Ubuntu 12.04 overwriting /dev/sda (not an upgrade) & now cannot mount the second drive. so I do not know what to enter it into the fstab ... I had expected to use: /dev/sdb /tera ext4 defaults 0 2 But even manual mounting fails (I also have tried various "-t" options on the off chance!) sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /tera mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Output from disk queries indicate that it is a Linux LVM & a healthy disk still. sudo lshw -C disk *-disk:0 description: ATA Disk product: WDC WD5000AACS-0 vendor: Western Digital physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 01.0 serial: WD-WCASU1401098 size: 465GiB (500GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=00015a55 *-disk:1 description: ATA Disk product: WDC WD10EADS-00L vendor: Western Digital physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb version: 01.0 serial: WD-WCAU47836304 size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500106780160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976771055 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00015a55 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 972580863 486289408 83 Linux /dev/sda2 972582910 976769023 2093057 5 Extended /dev/sda5 972582912 976769023 2093056 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1953525167 976762583+ 8e Linux LVM LVM doesn't appear to be an option for mount or fstab. ... and here's a Smart data Screenshot from Disk Utility.

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• Ubuntu installation does not recognize drive partinioning

  - by Woltan

  I have a 1TB drive and installed Windows 7 on a 128GB partition. When I now try to install Ubuntu 11.04 it does not recognize the Windows partition but offers the complete 1TB drive to install Ubuntu on instead. It displays: However, in the Ubuntu Disk Utility the Windows partitions are recognized. What do I need to do in order for Ubuntu to recognize the Windows 7 partition and install Ubuntu as a dual boot? Response to comments The following commands were executed and the results are shown below: fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34a38165 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 16318 130969600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x14a714a6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux parted -l Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label

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• Why does Ubuntu 13.10 not detect my Win7 partition?

  - by goutham

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu 13.10 alongside Windows 7 on my DELL INSPIRON 14z 5423 laptop and I'm new to all of this. I'm using the Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit ISO burned onto a CD. The first time I tried to install it, Ubuntu said it did not detect any other OS, which meant I only had 4 options: Erase disk and install Ubuntu (I don't want to do this) Encrypt new Ubuntu. Use LVM. Something else. If I choose the Something else option, it brings me to the partition menu and says that I have 1 disk with free space of (500Gb), but that's not true because I have Windows 7. I restarted the laptop several times and booted the CD again and I got exactly the same as I did previously. How do fix this problem and install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7? After executing "sudo fdisk -l" command in terminal ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd2b811c5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 314574847 157184000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 314574848 629147647 157286400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 629147648 976771071 173811712 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT After removing one partition I executed command once again ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd2b811c5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 629145599 314469376 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 629147648 976771071 173811712 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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• SD Card only mounted after a reboot

  - by evothur

  Hi everyone. I have a Kingston 2GB MicroSD and I plug it in via an inconix MicroSD Adapter to the internal card reader of my Samsung N210 Netbook with Ubuntu 10.10, but it doesn't show up. Only if I reboot the system when the card's plugged in it shows up. Why does it need a reboot for mounting? sudo fdisk -l gives the output below. But I can only see the drive when I reboot the computer while the card's plugged. Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9a5a7990 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1959 15728640 27 Unknown Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 1959 1972 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1972 18992 136718750 83 Linux /dev/sda4 18992 19458 3738625 5 Extended /dev/sda5 18992 19458 3738624 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1973 MB, 1973420032 bytes 60 heads, 59 sectors/track, 1088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 3540 * 512 = 1812480 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1089 1927100+ 6 FAT16

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• Are Windows partitions gone?

  - by Gigili

  I had Windows 7 on my laptop (factory setting), because of some performance issues, I decided to use recovery options to restore it to its factory condition but I don't know what has happened or what I have done that the whole operating system was gone after playing around with recovery options from the boot menu. I couldn't find Windows, so I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on my laptop. Last time I had Ubuntu on it, it was not really compatible with laptop's configuration and I had a bit of problems trying to do normal tasks I used to do on Windows. Now I want to make sure that Windows and its drivers are gone so that I can try to install a newer version of Ubuntu or Windows. I tried the command sudo fdisk -l And the result shown was: myaccount@myaccount-VPCS116FG:~$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for myaccount: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00025b5f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 38409 308515840 83 Linux /dev/sda2 38409 38914 4052993 5 Extended /dev/sda5 38409 38914 4052992 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/dm-0: 4150 MB, 4150263808 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 504 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa668cfe8 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Is it gone? If not, what command should I try to have access to Windows partitions? Thank you.

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• ubuntu boots only with usb

  - by klimat

  Just installed Ubuntu 11.04. But it boots only from usb. Seems like I didn't pay attention during selecting boot device. sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for klim: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000177e1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 60045 482302976 83 Linux /dev/sda2 60045 60802 6080513 5 Extended Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 60045 60802 6080512 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 4004 MB, 4004511744 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1017 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000eee1a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 1017 3909317 b W95 FAT32 grub updating or another "grub" operations don't work as I've tried. Can I just copy whole boot folder from usb to HD or smth like that? Any kind of help is appreciated. Apologize for my newbie skills.

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• How can I get rid of the motd message "*** /dev/sdb1 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***"? [duplicate]

  - by kmm

  This question already has an answer here: Persistent “disk will be checked…” in the message of the day (motd) even after reboot 3 answers My motd persistently has: *** /dev/sdb1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** The problem is that I don't have /dev/sdb1 on my system. I only have /dev/sdb2 (mouted as /) and /dev/sda1 which mounts to /media/backup. I delete that line from /etc/motd, but it reappears after reboot. Here's my df output: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb2 73G 3.7G 66G 6% / udev 490M 4.0K 490M 1% /dev tmpfs 200M 760K 199M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 498M 0 498M 0% /run/shm /dev/sda1 1.9T 429G 1.4T 25% /media/backup Update Here is the output of sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dfc2 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 3907024064 1953512001 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00049068 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 152301568 156301311 1999872 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb2 * 2048 152301567 76149760 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I guess /dev/sdb1 is my swap space.

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• Grub not loading after Windows 8 Install

  - by RazorXsr

  My system was configured to dual boot Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS and Windows 7. Today I got my hands on the MSDN release of Windows 8 and I installed it over my Windows 7. Now the computer just boots to Windows 8 directly without loading the GRUB screen. So I followed the steps as suggested in: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows. Running this command: ls -l /dev/disk/by-label/ gives the following output: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 11 07:51 Entertainment -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 11 02:45 PENDRIVE -> ../../sdb1 Also fdisk -l command gives this as the output: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1246aa23 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 319582199 159790076 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 319582208 602906623 141662208 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 602908672 625135615 11113472 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1939 MB, 1939865600 bytes 64 heads, 63 sectors/track, 939 cylinders, total 3788800 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2248 3788799 1893276 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) So I assume that I have to run this: sudo grub-install /dev/sda3 to get GRUB up and running. But I am getting this error: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for /boot/grub (is /dev mounted?). Can anyone please guide me in the right direction? The current Ubuntu installation is far too customized to my needs to lose it to a boot manager issue! Any help is much appreciated!

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• How do I get 12.04 to recognize swap partition so that I can hibernate?

  - by Kayla

  I justed installed 12.04 and used gparted to erase and enlarge my swap partition. When I rebooted, gparted said that the file partition for the swap was unknown. Gparted doesn't let me change the file partition to "linux-swap". It does let me change it to NTFS, but when I reboot, it goes back to "unknown". Thanks in advance for your help. Output from sudo swapon -s: Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 partition 9025532 0 -1 Output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9d63ac84 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2459647 1228800 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 2459648 197836472 97688412+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 466890752 488395119 10752184 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 197836798 466890751 134526977 5 Extended /dev/sda5 197836800 448837631 125500416 83 Linux /dev/sda6 448839680 466890751 9025536 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 9242 MB, 9242148864 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1123 cylinders, total 18051072 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x951b7f53 Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• Mounting a new hard drive (sda1) to my existing filesystem

  - by shank22

  I tried to read some posts regarding mounting a new hard drive, but I am facing some problem. My new hard drive is sda1. The output of sudo fdisk -l is: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121534 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00016485 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 1935822847 967910400 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1935824894 1952446463 8310785 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1935824896 1952446463 8310784 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x78dbcdc1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1953521663 976759808 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT What should be done to add this new sda1 hard drive on booting up? What should be added in the /etc/fstab file? I have not performed any partition on the new sda1 drive. I need help on how to proceed from scratch and can't afford to take any risk. Please help!

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• Conversion of bytes into a type without changing the application (ie storing the conversion method i

  - by geoaxis

  Is there a way to store a conversion strategy (for converting some bytes) into a database and then execute it on the run time. If one were to store a complete java file, you would need to compile it, store the class and some how inject into the already running system. I am not sure how this would be possible. But using some kind of dynamic language on JVM would be nice. I see an example of execution of groovy from within spring context here http://www.devx.com/tips/Tip/42789 but this is still static in nature as application context contains the reference to the implementation and cannot be changed by database. Perhaps with JavaConfig of context it is possible. I am exploring options now, specifically with Spring 3.0. Your suggestions in any direction would be welcome.

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• Convert 2 bytes to a number

  - by Vaccano

  I have a control that has a byte array in it. Every now and then there are two bytes that tell me some info about number of future items in the array. So as an example I could have: ... ... Item [4] = 7 Item [5] = 0 ... ... The value of this is clearly 7. But what about this? ... ... Item [4] = 0 Item [5] = 7 ... ... Any idea on what that equates to (as an normal int)? I went to binary and thought it may be 11100000000 which equals 1792. But I don't know if that is how it really works (ie does it use the whole 8 items for the byte). Is there any way to know this with out testing? Note: I am using C# 3.0 and visual studio 2008

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• SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 5 Out of memory (Needed 4194092 bytes)

  - by Jon Reeks

  Hi I'm receiving the following error on my shared hosting box: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 5 Out of memory (Needed 4194092 bytes) This error is only triggered on a specific page. I guess this indicates that I am reaching the upper limit of the 64MB allocated to me in my current MySQL environment. Does this mean that a single query is going over (returning) 64MB of data? If so, i guess i can just track down and tune that specific query? Or isnt that the correct approach? Thanks Jon

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• Ruby Net::HTTP - Read only x number of bytes of the body

  - by bvanderw

  It seems like the methods of Ruby's Net::HTTP are all or nothing when it comes to reading the body of a web page. How can I read, say, the just the first 100 bytes of the body? I am trying to read from a content server that returns a short error message in the body of the response if the file requested isn't available. I need to read enough of the body to determine whether the file is there. The files are huge, so I don't want to get the whole body just to check if the file is available.

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