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  • Which C# 4.0 Book would you purchase, and why?

    - by Jeremy
    I'm currently looking at purchasing a few C# 4.0 books, namely: Essential C# 4.0 by Mark Michaelis or C# 4.0 Unleashed by Bart De Smet. I am aware that both books are yet to be released, but would you consider purchasing either of these books, or would you recommend another? Thanks for your time. Clarification: I'm not a .net Ninja, but I do have 8+ years experience with the framework & related languages. So I'm generally looking for in-depth books. I also train/instruct the rest of my organisation generally 6 - 12 months after each .net release. Each of the developers I train has the same or more .net experience then myself. Once again thank you all for your time. Update: Thank you everyone for your responses. I've decided to purchase both books along with Visual C# 2010 Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, as suggested by Waleed Al Balooshi.

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  • List of fundamental data structures - what am I missing?

    - by jboxer
    I've been studying my fundamental data structures a bunch recently, trying to make sure I've got them down cold. By "fundamental", I mean the real basic ones. Fancy ones like Red-Black Trees and Bloom Filters are clearly worth knowing, but they're usually either enhancements of fundamental ones (Red-Black Trees are binary search trees with special properties to keep them balanced) or they're only useful in very specific situations (Bloom Filters). So far, I'm "fluent" in the following data structures: Arrays Linked Lists Stacks/Queues Binary Search Trees Heaps/Priority Queues Hash Tables However, I feel like I'm missing something. Are there any fundamental ones that I'm forgetting about? EDIT: Added these after posting the question Strings (suggested by catchmeifyoutry) Sets (suggested by Peter) Graphs (suggested by Nick D and aJ) B-Trees (Suggested by tloach) I'm a little on-the-fence about whether these are too fancy or not, but I think they're different enough from the fundamental structures (and important enough) to be worth studying as fundamental.

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  • Is going for a BCS the right move for me?

    - by Michel Carroll
    I'm at a fork in the road. I need somebody to give me some advice from their personal journey in IT. At the moment, I have a college diploma (2 years) in Computer Programmer, and about 2 years of professional experience in the field of software. I'm currently freelancing my programming skills to the public, and am enjoying a nice income, and the rewards of flexibly working on a variety of projects with different cool people. I'm young (21 years old), passionate about software, technology, the internet, and also business. I know if I ever want to dwell deeper into the software industry, I might have a hard time doing so without a Bachelors in Computer Science. On one side, I think I'm better off getting my BCS while I'm still young and malleable. Also, the thought of learning even more stuff in my field is really exciting to me. On the flip side, it means another 3-4 years of studying, and jeopardizing my chances of going on vacation and accumulating wealth for a long time. Considering that I'm already pretty successful with my college diploma, do you think it's a good idea for me to go get my BCS? Will it open up many more doors in the future?

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  • parsing of mathematical expressions

    - by gcc
    (in c90) (linux) input: sqrt(2 - sin(3*A/B)^2.5) + 0.5*(C*~(D) + 3.11 +B) a b /*there are values for a,b,c,d */ c d input: cos(2 - asin(3*A/B)^2.5) +cos(0.5*(C*~(D)) + 3.11 +B) a b /*there are values for a,b,c,d */ c d input: sqrt(2 - sin(3*A/B)^2.5)/(0.5*(C*~(D)) + sin(3.11) +ln(B)) /*max lenght of formula is 250 characters*/ a b /*there are values for a,b,c,d */ c /*each variable with set of floating numbers*/ d As you can see infix formula in the input depends on user. My program will take a formula and n-tuples value. Then it calculate the results for each value of a,b,c and d. If you wonder I am saying ;outcome of program is graph. /sometimes,I think i will take input and store in string. then another idea is arise " I should store formula in the struct" but i don't know how I can construct the code on the base of structure./ really, I don't know way how to store the formula in program code so that I can do my job. can you show me? /* a,b,c,d is letters cos,sin,sqrt,ln is function*/

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  • Getting started as a programmer -- school or self-study?

    - by Cyberherbalist
    My son who has is married with two small children has decided that he needs a change of career, and is considering getting into programming. He would do well in the field, I am certain, but I am uncertain how to advise him with regards to a lengthy course of schooling, or just try to learn 'on the job", so to speak. I suspect that if he doesn't ultimately get at least an associate degree in program (like his old man), that his job possibilities are going to be very constrained. This isn't the Dot-Com Bubble, after all, when they'd hire you if you could spell c-o-m-p-u-t-e-r because they needed bodies and the ability to fog a mirror wasn't quite enough. Should he go for a full program at the university, a two-year program (he already has a 2-year degree in video production, so he's got the general ed requirements whipped), or does anyone think self-study alone might be enough? To get started, anyway. I started back in 1987 with COBOL and a 2-year degree, which seemed the minimum at the time, but perhaps things are different now?

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  • What am i doing wrong with this in asp.net-mvc?

    - by Pandiya Chendur
    I gave this in my site.master <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Material", "Index", "Material")%></li> But my link doesnt seem to get my material controller Index method... I have this in my global asax file, public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } ); routes.MapRoute( "Default", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Material", action = "Index", id = "" } ); } My controller: public class MaterialController : Controller { // // GET: /Material/ Material material = new Material(); public ActionResult Index() { var materials = material.FindAllMaterials(); return View(); } } What am i doing wrong.... When i click the link i get The resource cannot be found. error.. Any suggestion...

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  • Programming texts and reference material for my Kindle DX, creating the ultimate reference device?

    - by mwilliams
    (Revisiting this topic with the release of the Kindle DX) Having owned both generation Kindle readers and now getting a Kindle DX; I'm very excited for true PDF handling on an e-ink device! An image of _Why's book on my Kindle (from my iPhone). This gives me a device capable of storing hundreds of thousands of pages that are full text search capable in the form factor of a magazine. What references (preferably PDF to preserve things such as code samples) would you recommend? Ultimately I would like reference material for every modern and applicable programming language (C, C++, Objective-C, Python, Ruby, Java, .NET (C#, Visual Basic, ASP.NET), Erlang, SQL references) as well as general programming texts and frameworks (algorithms, design patterns, theory, Rails, Django, Cocoa, ORMs, etc) and anything else that could be thought of. With so many developers here using such a wide array of languages, as a professional in your particular field, what books or references would you recommend to me for my Kindle? Creative Commons material a plus (translate that to free) as well as the material being in the PDF file format. File size is not an issue. If this turns out to be a success, I will update with a follow-up with a compiled list generated from all of the answers. Thanks for the assistance and contributing! UPDATE I have been using the Kindle DX a lot now for technical books. Check out this blog post I did for high resolution photos of different material: http://www.matthewdavidwilliams.com/2009/06/12/technical-document-pdfs-on-the-kindle-dx/

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  • glsl shader to allow color change of skydome ogre3d

    - by Tim
    I'm still very new to all this but learning a lot. I'm putting together an application using Ogre3d as the rendering engine. So far I've got it running, with a simple scene, a day/night cycle system which is working okay. I'm now moving on to looking at changing the color of the skydome material based on the time of day. What I've done so far is to create a struct to hold the ColourValues for the different aspects of the scene. struct todColors { Ogre::ColourValue sky; Ogre::ColourValue ambient; Ogre::ColourValue sun; }; I created an array to store all the colours todColors sceneColours [4]; I populated the array with the colours I want to use for the various times of the day. For instance DayTime (when the sun is high in the sky) sceneColours[2].sky = Ogre::ColourValue(135/255, 206/255, 235/255, 255); sceneColours[2].ambient = Ogre::ColourValue(135/255, 206/255, 235/255, 255); sceneColours[2].sun = Ogre::ColourValue(135/255, 206/255, 235/255, 255); I've got code to work out the time of the day using a float currentHours to store the current hour of the day 10.5 = 10:30 am. This updates constantly and updates the sun as required. I am then calculating the appropriate colours for the time of day when relevant using else if( currentHour >= 4 && currentHour < 7) { // Lerp from night to morning Ogre::ColourValue lerp = Ogre::Math::lerp<Ogre::ColourValue, float>(sceneColours[GT_TOD_NIGHT].sky , sceneColours[GT_TOD_MORNING].sky, (currentHour - 4) / (7 - 4)); } My original attempt to get this to work was to dynamically generate a material with the new colour and apply that material to the skydome. This, as you can probably guess... didn't go well. I know it's possible to use shaders where you can pass information such as colour to the shader from the code but I am unsure if there is an existing simple shader to change a colour like this or if I need to create one. What is involved in creating a shader and material definition that would allow me to change the colour of a material without the overheads of dynamically generating materials all the time? EDIT : I've created a glsl vertex and fragment shaders as follows. Vertex uniform vec4 newColor; void main() { gl_FrontColor = newColor; gl_Position = ftransform(); } Fragment void main() { gl_FragColor = gl_Color; } I can pass a colour to it using ShaderDesigner and it seems to work. I now need to investigate how to use it within Ogre as a material. EDIT : I created a material file like this : vertex_program colour_vs_test glsl { source test.vert default_params { param_named newColor float4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 } } fragment_program colour_fs_glsl glsl { source test.frag } material Test/SkyColor { technique { pass { lighting off fragment_program_ref colour_fs_glsl { } vertex_program_ref colour_vs_test { } } } } In the code I have tried : Ogre::MaterialPtr material = Ogre::MaterialManager::getSingleton().getByName("Test/SkyColor"); Ogre::GpuProgramParametersSharedPtr params = material->getTechnique(0)->getPass(0)->getVertexProgramParameters(); params->setNamedConstant("newcolor", Ogre::Vector4(0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 1)); I've set that as the Skydome material which seems to work initially. I am doing the same with the code that is attempting to lerp between colours, but when I include it there, it all goes black. Seems like there is now a problem with my colour lerping.

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  • Material to use for computer system cover against UV and salty air?

    - by hippietrail
    I live right next to the sea and have a large window quite close to my computer setup which allows a lot of indirect sunlight to enter. I'd like to buy or make a cover for my computer system. From visiting my usual mom & pop computer shop yesterday I got the impression these might not really exist any more. If I make my own I need a material with these qualities: Block or reduce ultraviolet light which can depolymerize plastics (the sun here in Australia is much stronger than in the northern hemisphere). Block salt-laden sea air which can oxidize USB and other connectors. Not cause static electricity when covering or uncovering. Keep dust off of course (-: My setup is a laptop plugged into a wide-screen LCD with a few external drives. So I think I'd want a largish sheet to flop over the whole desk. Are such covers commonly sold these days? What material(s) should I look for which provides the listed attributes?

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  • Oracle University Nouveaux cours (Week 42)

    - by rituchhibber
    Nouveaux cours Parmi les nouveautés d'Oracle Université de ce mois-ci, vous trouverez : Database Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c: Install & Upgrade (Training On Demand) MySQL Performance Tuning (Training On Demand) Fusion Middleware Oracle GoldenGate 11g Fundamentals for Oracle (4 days) Oracle WebCenter Content 11g: Site Studio Essentials (5 days) Oracle WebCenter Portal 11g: Build Portals with Spaces (3 days) Business Intelligence Oracle BI 11g R1: Create Analyses and Dashboards (4 days) SOA & BPM SOA Adoption and Architecture Fundamentals (3 Days) eBusiness Suite R12 Oracle Using and Maintaining Approvals Management - Self-Study Course R12 Oracle HRMS Advanced Benefits Fundamentals - Self-Study Course WebLogic Oracle WebLogic Server 11g: Monitor and Tune Performance (Training On Demand) Oracle WebLogic Server 11g: Administration Essentials Self-Study Course (in French) Financial Oracle Project Financial Planning 11.1.2: Create Projects ( 3 days) Tuxedo Oracle Tuxedo 12c: Application Administration (5 days) Java Java SE 7: The Platform Evolves - Self-Study Course Primevera Primavera Client/Server Partner Trainer Course - Self-Study Course Primavera Progress Reporter 8.2 - Self-Study Course Contacter l' équipe locale d' Oracle University pour toute information et dates de cours.

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  • Can't export Blender model for use in jMonkeyEngine SDK

    - by Nathan Sabruka
    I have a scene rendered in blender called "civ1.blend" which contains multiple materials (for example, I have one called "white"). I want to use this model in jMonkeyEngine, so I used the OGRE exporter to create .scene and .material files. This gives me, for example, a civ1.scene file and a white.material file.However, when I then try to import civ1.scene into the jMonkeyEngine SDK, I get an error along the lines of "Cannot find material file 'civ1.material'". Like I said, I have a white.material file, but I do not have a civ1.material file. Did anyone encounter this problem? How do I fix this?

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  • Need material for character anatomy in a 2D game. Spartan Like, See Picture

    - by Edwin Soho
    I'm creating my art for an 2d based IOS game. I know some basic anatomy as you can see by the picture but I have no idea how I will make draw the pics for animation of the character walking, attacking with his sword and protecting himself with shield. Is there any anatomy reference for 2d game out there, book or anything else? for your information, I did try to find but all of stuff I found are very amateur and incomplete The picture was my attempt of creating a example of the character walking, which I'm not happy with please help, thanks Update: Since I am in a hurry I decided I would copy the anatomy from other 2d games, it is not that clean but at least I wanna be able to start it. The question is still open.

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  • Assigning a colour to imorted obj. files that are being used as default material

    - by Salino
    I am having a problem with assigning a colour to the different meshes that I have on one object. The technique that I have used is the first approach on this site. Is it possible to export a simulation (animation) from Blender to Unity? So what I would like to do is the following. I have about 107 meshes that are different frames from my shape key animation of my blender model. What I would like to have is that the first mesh will be bright green and up to the 40th mesh the colour turns to be white /greyish... the best would be if I could assign every mesh by hand a colour, however they are all default materials. And if I assign the object a colour, the whole "animation" is going to be in that colour

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  • Alot of Pirated Material on Someone's Website - What Can Be Done?

    - by The Russian Shop
    Hi, We've developed our website for over 10 years. Recently a website in China has begun to pirate our images and product descriptions (they are showing "new" March offerings). Nearly all of the items they "offer" are ours. Their whois leads to an outfit in France which by chance also hosts a website for Steroids, and both the Steroid and the pirate site share an 800 phone number (coincidence??). The pirate site lists "their" products as being available in mass quantities, though very often the actual product is one-of-a-kind. The images they've stolen appear in google searches alongside our own!! Clicking on any product at the pirate site leads to nowhere. Calls to the 800 number lead to a recorded answer. No reply to our emails (funny if they would have!) Any suggestions on what to do? Much obliged for any help. https://www.collectiblereview.com (the pirates) http://www.anabolic-store.com (steroids)

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  • Ogre material scripts; how do I give a technique multiple lod_indexes?

    - by BlueNovember
    I have an Ogre material script that defines 4 rendering techniques. 1 using GLSL shaders, then 3 others that just use textures of different resolutions. I want to use the GLSL shader unconditionally if the graphics card supports it, and the other 3 textures depending on camera distance. At the moment my script is; material foo { lod_distances 1600 2000 technique shaders { lod_index 0 lod_index 1 lod_index 2 //various passes here } technique high_res { lod_index 0 //various passes here } technique medium_res { lod_index 1 //various passes here } technique low_res { lod_index 2 //various passes here } Extra information The Ogre manual says; Increasing indexes denote lower levels of detail You can (and often will) assign more than one technique to the same LOD index, what this means is that OGRE will pick the best technique of the ones listed at the same LOD index. OGRE determines which one is 'best' by which one is listed first. Currently, on a machine supporting the GLSL version I am using, the script behaves as follows; Camera 2000 : Shader technique Camera 1600 <= 2000 : Medium Camera <= 1600 : High If I change the lod order in shader technique to { lod_index 2 lod_index 1 lod_index 0 } The behaviour becomes; Camera 2000 : Low Camera 1600 <= 2000 : Medium Camera <= 1600 : Shader implying only the latest lod_index is used. If I change it to lod_index 0 1 2 It shouts at me Compiler error: fewer parameters expected in foo.material(#): lod_index only supports 1 argument So how do I specify a technique to have 3 lod_indexes? Duplication works; technique shaders { lod_index 0 //various passes here } technique shaders1 { lod_index 1 //passes repeated here } technique shaders2 { lod_index 2 //passes repeated here } ...but it's ugly.

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  • Good tutorial / book / reference material for Linux Configuration Files.

    - by claws
    Hello, I'm a windows user recently moved to linux. The main problem is that not all settings can be changed with GUI interfaces. I like the idea of configuration files. But the problem is figuring out which configuration files must be edited to change certain setting. Is there any good (or best :D) material (book/article/ref sheet) which explains these things.

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  • Add title to meta analysis forest plot

    - by Timothy Alston
    I am meta-analysing some studies and drawing a forest plot for my results. However I can`t seem to get the forest plot to display the title. An example of my code is: require(meta) parameter1<-metaprop(sm="PLOGIT", event=c(4,16,3,2,10,1,0,2), n=c(90,402,89,29,153,86,21,48), level = 0.95, studlab=c("study 1", "study 2", "study 3", "study 4", "study 5", "study 6", "study 7", "study 8"), title="meta analysis 1") forest(parameter1) When it produces the forest plot, the title "meta analysis 1" is missing. How can I add this in? Thanks in advance, Timothy

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  • How do I use text in one cell to trigger row to be copied on another sheet in Excel?

    - by Brian Eby
    I provide all of the cut lists for our cabinet manufacturing in Excel. I tally all parts for the entire job on the first worksheet in an Excel file, and then filter the rows based on the "Material" column, and manually copy/paste each row in to its own material-specific worksheet (example: I filter "Materials" column for "Maple Ply", and then copy all "Maple Ply" rows to the "Maple Ply" worksheet). Then the material specific worksheets are sent to the shop floor for cutting. This is time consuming, and if I need to change any data in the first page, I have to go and manually update the copied row in its material-specific page. Is there any way to make each material page "look" for its material, and automatically populate itself with any row that has the appropriate material in the material column (example: any time I enter "Maple Ply" in the material column of sheet one, that row is automatically copied to the "Maple Ply" worksheet)? If so, could this link be dynamic, rather than just a copy, so that if I change a cell in a particular row on sheet one, that data is also updated on the material-specific worksheet copy? Thank you, Brian

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  • XNA hlsl tex2D() only reads 3 channels from normal maps and specular maps

    - by cubrman
    Our engine uses deferred rendering and at the main draw phase gathers plenty of data from the objects it draws. In order to save on tex2D calls, we packed our objects' specular maps with all sorts of data, so three out of four channels are already taken. To make it clear: I am talking about the assets that come with the models and are stored in their material's Specular Level channel, not about the RenderTarget. So now I need another information to be stored in the alpha channel, but I cannot make the shader to read it properly! Nomatter what I write into alpha it ends up being 1 (255)! I tried: saving the textures in PNG/TGA formats. turning off pre-computed alpha in model's properties. Out of every texture available to me (we use Diffuse map, Normal Map and Specular Map) I was only able to read alpha successfully from the Diffuse Map! Here is how I add specular and normal maps to my model's material in the content processor: if (geometry.Material.Textures.ContainsKey(normalMapKey)) { ExternalReference<TextureContent> texRef = geometry.Material.Textures[normalMapKey]; geometry.Material.Textures.Remove("NormalMap"); geometry.Material.Textures.Add("NormalMap", texRef); } ... foreach (KeyValuePair<String, ExternalReference<TextureContent>> texture in material.Textures) { if ((texture.Key == "Texture") || (texture.Key == "NormalMap") || (texture.Key == "SpecularMap")) mat.Textures.Add(texture.Key, texture.Value); } In the shader I obviously use: float4 data = tex2D(specularMapSampler, TexCoords); so data.a is always 1 in my case, could you suggest a reason?

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  • sharing life experience

    - by gcc
    I am a student of computer engineering. I have never done any programming before, and as you can understand, I don't know how to study it or how to make my own programs. My English is weak [edited for clarity - ed], and so if you don't like the choices I list, please feel free to provide others. How should I study? How should I learn programming languages? Study completely from a book. Don't study from a book, just try writing code. A mix of the two; study from a book, then try writing code. Study half the book, then write the code by hand on paper. Listed to the teacher, then try to solve general problems (those not from any specific chapter). I have send that question to stackoverflow before when I am at first year. Now, I want to construct webpage to guide fresh students by giving advise of yours and mines.Maybe, you wonder Why I want to construct webpage , I just want help the other student. I am giving a link to that question < http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3389465/how-should-i-study-programming-languagess If you have other advice, feel free. EDIT: This web cite, I think , is constructed to share member's life experience and also I know these experiences is valuable . So I have no right to want your opinion, But I want your opinion / experience even if you think it is not so helpful to other

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  • How should I approach learning programming languages?

    - by gcc
    I am a student of computer engineering. I have never done any programming before, and as you can understand, I don't know how to study it or how to make my own programs. My English is weak [edited for clarity - ed], and so if you don't like the choices I list, please feel free to provide others. How should I study? How should I learn programming languages? Study completely from a book. Don't study from a book, just try writing code. A mix of the two; study from a book, then try writing code. Study half the book, then write the code by hand on paper. Listed to the teacher, then try to solve general problems (those not from any specific chapter). I have send that question to stackoverflow before when I am at first year. Now, I want to construct webpage to guide fresh students by giving advise of yours and mines.Maybe, you wonder Why I want to construct webpage , I just want help the other student. I am giving a link to that question < http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3389465/how-should-i-study-programming-languagess If you have other advice, feel free. EDIT: This web cite, I think , is constructed to share member's life experience and also I know these experiences is valuable . So I have no right to want your opinion, But I want your opinion / experience even if you think it is not so helpful to other

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  • Normal maps red in OpenGL?

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I am using Assimp to import 3d models, and FreeImage to parse textures. The problem I am having is that the normal maps are actually red rather than blue when I try to render them as normal diffuse textures. http://i42.tinypic.com/289ing3.png When I open the images in a image-viewing program they do indeed show up as blue. Heres when I create the texture; OpenGLTexture::OpenGLTexture(const std::vector<uint8_t>& textureData, uint32_t textureWidth, uint32_t textureHeight, TextureType textureType, Logger& logger) : mLogger(logger), mTextureID(gNextTextureID++), mTextureType(textureType) { glGenTextures(1, &mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, glTextureFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &textureData[0]); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); } Here is my fragment shader. You can see I just commented out the normal-map parsing and treated the normal map texture as the diffuse texture to display it and illustrate the problem. As for the rest of the code it interacts as expected with the diffuse textures so I dont see a obvious problem there. "#version 330 \n \ \n \ layout(std140) uniform; \n \ \n \ const int MAX_LIGHTS = 8; \n \ \n \ struct Light \n \ { \n \ vec4 mLightColor; \n \ vec4 mLightPosition; \n \ vec4 mLightDirection; \n \ \n \ int mLightType; \n \ float mLightIntensity; \n \ float mLightRadius; \n \ float mMaxDistance; \n \ }; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifLighting \n \ { \n \ vec4 mGamma; \n \ vec3 mViewDirection; \n \ int mNumLights; \n \ \n \ Light mLights[MAX_LIGHTS]; \n \ } Lighting; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifMaterial \n \ { \n \ vec4 mDiffuseColor; \n \ vec4 mAmbientColor; \n \ vec4 mSpecularColor; \n \ vec4 mEmissiveColor; \n \ \n \ bool mHasDiffuseTexture; \n \ bool mHasNormalTexture; \n \ bool mLightingEnabled; \n \ float mSpecularShininess; \n \ } Material; \n \ \n \ uniform sampler2D unifDiffuseTexture; \n \ uniform sampler2D unifNormalTexture; \n \ \n \ in vec3 frag_position; \n \ in vec3 frag_normal; \n \ in vec2 frag_texcoord; \n \ in vec3 frag_tangent; \n \ in vec3 frag_bitangent; \n \ \n \ out vec4 finalColor; " " \n \ \n \ void CalcGaussianSpecular(in vec3 dirToLight, in vec3 normal, out float gaussianTerm) \n \ { \n \ vec3 viewDirection = normalize(Lighting.mViewDirection); \n \ vec3 halfAngle = normalize(dirToLight + viewDirection); \n \ \n \ float angleNormalHalf = acos(dot(halfAngle, normalize(normal))); \n \ float exponent = angleNormalHalf / Material.mSpecularShininess; \n \ exponent = -(exponent * exponent); \n \ \n \ gaussianTerm = exp(exponent); \n \ } \n \ \n \ vec4 CalculateLighting(in Light light, in vec4 diffuseTexture, in vec3 normal) \n \ { \n \ if (light.mLightType == 1) // point light \n \ { \n \ vec3 positionDiff = light.mLightPosition.xyz - frag_position; \n \ float dist = max(length(positionDiff) - light.mLightRadius, 0); \n \ \n \ float attenuation = 1 / ((dist/light.mLightRadius + 1) * (dist/light.mLightRadius + 1)); \n \ attenuation = max((attenuation - light.mMaxDistance) / (1 - light.mMaxDistance), 0); \n \ \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(positionDiff); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (attenuation * angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (attenuation * gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 2) // directional light \n \ { \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(light.mLightDirection.xyz); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 4) // ambient light \n \ return diffuseTexture * Material.mAmbientColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor; \n \ else \n \ return vec4(0.0); \n \ } \n \ \n \ void main() \n \ { \n \ vec4 diffuseTexture = vec4(1.0); \n \ if (Material.mHasDiffuseTexture) \n \ diffuseTexture = texture(unifDiffuseTexture, frag_texcoord); \n \ \n \ vec3 normal = frag_normal; \n \ if (Material.mHasNormalTexture) \n \ { \n \ diffuseTexture = vec4(normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0), 1.0); \n \ // vec3 normalTangentSpace = normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0); \n \ //mat3 tangentToWorldSpace = mat3(normalize(frag_tangent), normalize(frag_bitangent), normalize(frag_normal)); \n \ \n \ // normal = tangentToWorldSpace * normalTangentSpace; \n \ } \n \ \n \ if (Material.mLightingEnabled) \n \ { \n \ vec4 accumLighting = vec4(0.0); \n \ \n \ for (int lightIndex = 0; lightIndex < Lighting.mNumLights; lightIndex++) \n \ accumLighting += Material.mEmissiveColor * diffuseTexture + \n \ CalculateLighting(Lighting.mLights[lightIndex], diffuseTexture, normal); \n \ \n \ finalColor = pow(accumLighting, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ else { \n \ finalColor = pow(diffuseTexture, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ } \n"; Why is this? does normal-map textures need some sort of special treatment in opengl?

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  • ANY material writen in/for DELPHI around the graphics topic?

    - by José Eduardo
    Does anyone knows ANY material writen in/for DELPHI around the graphics topic? Planning to build a software for medical imaging processing . Thinking in 3D UI to absorve the power of nvidias GTX graphics card, and some real-time 2D processing integrated with high-end scanners. Please dont take this as a "rant" but, we have zillions of C++ books writen about that kind of topic and nothing for pascal/delphi. If you have some experience could you comment about that? Is it better to learn c++, to have access to that material? Can i go with delphi? I have experience with delphi, but none with graphics... And i have a deadline... Thanks.

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  • Unity3D draw call optimization : static batching VS manually draw mesh with MaterialPropertyBlock

    - by Heisenbug
    I've read Unity3D draw call batching documentation. I understood it, and I want to use it (or something similar) in order to optimize my application. My situation is the following: I'm drawing hundreds of 3d buildings. Each building can be represented using a Mesh (or a SubMesh for each building, but I don't thing this will affect performances) Each building can be textured with several combinations of texture patterns(walls, windows,..). Textures are stored into an Atlas for optimizaztion (see Texture2d.PackTextures) Texture mapping and facade pattern generation is done in fragment shader. The shader can be the same (except for few values) for all buildings, so I'd like to use a sharedMaterial in order to optimize parameters passed to the GPU. The main problem is that, even if I use an Atlas, share the material, and declare the objects as static to use static batching, there are few parameters(very fews, it could be just even a float I guess) that should be different for every draw call. I don't know exactly how to manage this situation using Unity3D. I'm trying 2 different solutions, none of them completely implemented. Solution 1 Build a GameObject for each building building (I don't like very much the overhead of a GameObject, anyway..) Prepare each GameObject to be static batched with StaticBatchingUtility.Combine. Pack all texture into an atlas Assign the parent game object of combined batched objects the Material (basically the shader and the atlas) Change some properties in the material before drawing an Object The problem is the point 5. Let's say I have to assign a different id to an object before drawing it, how can I do this? If I use a different material for each object I can't benefit of static batching. If I use a sharedMaterial and I modify a material property, all GameObjects will reference the same modified variable Solution 2 Build a Mesh for every building (sounds better, no GameObject overhead) Pack all textures into an Atlas Draw each mesh manually using Graphics.DrawMesh Customize each DrawMesh call using a MaterialPropertyBlock This would solve the issue related to slightly modify material properties for each draw call, but the documentation isn't clear on the following point: Does several consecutive calls to Graphic.DrawMesh with a different MaterialPropertyBlock would cause a new material to be instanced? Or Unity can understand that I'm modifying just few parameters while using the same material and is able to optimize that (in such a way that the big atlas is passed just once to the GPU)?

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