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• Finding how a hacked server was hacked

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I was just browsing through the site and found this question: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY. Basically the question says: My server has been hacked. What should I do? The best answer is excellent but it raised some questions in my mind. One of the steps suggested is to: Examine the 'attacked' systems to understand how the attacks succeeded in compromising your security. Make every effort to find out where the attacks "came from", so that you understand what problems you have and need to address to make your system safe in the future. I have done no system admin work so I have no idea how I would start doing this. What would be the first step? I know that you could look in the server log files but as an attacker the first thing that I would do would be errasing the log files. How would you "understand" how the attacks succeeded?

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• I just got a linode VPS a week ago and I've been flagged for SSH scanning...

  - by meder

  I got a 32-bit Debian VPS from http://linode.com and I really haven't done any sort of advanced configuration for securing it ( port 22; password enabled ). It seems somehow there is ssh scanning going on from my IP, I'm being flagged as this is against the TOS. I've been SSHing only from my home Comcast ISP which I run Linux on. Is this a common thing when getting a new vps? Are there any standard security configuration tips? I'm quite confused as to how my machine has been accused of this ssh scanning.

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• How can I set up VLANs in a way that won't put me at risk for VLAN hopping?

  - by hobodave

  We're planning to migrate our production network from a VLAN-less configuration to a tagged VLAN (802.1q) configuration. This diagram summarizes the planned configuration: One significant detail is that a large portion of these hosts will actually be VMs on a single bare-metal machine. In fact, the only physical machines will be DB01, DB02, the firewalls and the switches. All other machines will be virtualized on a single host. One concern that has been is that this approach is complicated (overcomplicated implied), and that the VLANs are only providing an illusion of security, because "VLAN hopping is easy". Is this a valid concern, given that multiple VLANs will be used for a single physical switch port due to virtualization? How would I setup my VLANs appropriately to prevent this risk? Also, I've heard that VMWare ESX has something called "virtual switches". Is this unique to the VMWare hypervisor? If not, is it available with KVM (my planned hypervisor of choice)?. How does that come into play?

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• How can I flush my ssh keys on power management activity?

  - by Sam Halicke

  Hi all, Using ssh-agent and private keys per the usual. Everything's working as normal. My question regards best practices on flushing keys from ssh-add on activity like sleep, suspend, hibernate, etc. I thought about writing a simple wrapper around those commands, but then wondered if are they even called? Or does the kernel initiate this activity directly? Are the PM utilities strictly userland? I would like this additional layer of security beyond locking my screen, etc. and was wondering if anyone else had solved this elegantly or has best practices to recommend. Thanks.

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• "This file came from another computer..." - how can I unblock all the files in a folder without having to unblock them individually?

  - by Schnapple

  Windows XP SP2 and Windows Vista have this deal where zone information is preserved in downloaded files to NTFS partitions, such that it blocks certain files in certain applications until you "unblock" the files. So for example if you download a zip file of source code to try something out, every file will display this in the security settings of the file properties "This file came from another computer and might be blocked to help protect this computer" Along with an "Unblock" button. Some programs don't care, but Visual Studio will refuse to load projects in solutions until they've been unblocked. While it's not terribly difficult to go to every project file and unblock it individually, it's a pain. And it does not appear you can unblock multiple selected files simultaneously. Is there any way to unblock all files in a directory without having to go to them all individually? I know you can turn this off globally for all new files but let's say I don't want to do that

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• Microsoft Ergonomic Keyboards With Card Readers?

  - by Steve

  When I started working at my current job I developed tendinitis in my wrists. Luckily that cleared up when I started using a Microsoft ergonomic keyboard. The problem is that where I work is moving to more security. We will need to stick a card into a slot to log into our PCs. They bought a bunch of new keyboards with these slots built in. All regular keyboards. Is there something like the Microsoft Ergonomic keyboard that comes with such a card slot? Thanks.

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• How can I use fetchmail (or another email grabber) with OSX keychain for authentication?

  - by bias

  Every fetchmail tutorial I've read says putting your email account password clear-text in a config file is safe. However, I prefer security through layers (since, if my terminal is up and someone suspecting such email foolery slides over and simply types "grep -i pass ~/.*" then, oops, all my base are belong to them!). Now, with msmtp (as opposed to sendmail) I can authenticate using the OSX keychain. Is there an email 'grabber' that lets me use Keychains (specifically the OSX keychain) or at least, that lets me MD5 the password? This is a duplicate of my unanswered question on serverfault. I've put it on superuser because I'm doing this on a personal computer (viz. with OSX) so it's more of a superuser question.

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• how to separate a network for traffic

  - by Student_CVO

  At the moment our all computers in one big LAN, it is the intention to separate the admin and edu (it's in a school) especially for traffic and less for security. How do this best? I have a drawing, but can't post it (a can send it in a mail) Firewall?, VLAN?, IPCop (no two green zones)?, pfsense? ... Should there be two scopes on the dhcp server (WIN 2008 R2), one for admin and one for edu or is one scope enough? I would like your advice, I am a student in training with this task as a project. Thanks

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• Jenkins projects not visible even though user has all privleges

  - by Frank Rosario

  We want to lock down Jenkins and specific jobs to certain personnel. I have my account with all global privileges granted with project based matrix security. A coworker has a similar account and has been granted all the same privileges. When I log in with my account, I can see all of the projects we have setup. When my coworker whom has the exact same privileges logs in, none of the projects are visible. I've double and triple checked the permissions matrix to make sure we have the same global privileges; we do. Some of the projects have project specific privileges setup as well, but again; I've confirmed that both of us have the same access to these projects as well. So why can I see all the projects and my coworker is unable to see any of the projects?

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• How to analyse logs after the site was hacked

  - by Vasiliy Toporov

  One of our web-projects was hacked. Malefactor changed some template files in project and 1 core file of the web-framework (it's one of the famous php-frameworks). We found all corrupted files by git and reverted them. So now I need to find the weak point. With high probability we can say, that it's not the ftp or ssh password abduction. The support specialist of hosting provider (after logs analysis) said that it was the security hole in our code. My questions: 1) What tools should I use, to review access and error logs of Apache? (Our server distro is Debian). 2) Can you write tips of suspicious lines detection in logs? Maybe tutorials or primers of some useful regexps or techniques? 3) How to separate "normal user behavior" from suspicious in logs. 4) Is there any way to preventing attacks in Apache? Thanks for your help.

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• Inexpensive degaussers or HDD shredders?

  - by Nicholas Knight

  I do a lot of work for a small cash-strapped business that has a lot of active hard drives, most are consumer-grade SATA of about five years of age, and predictably they are dying at an increasing rate, and a lot of the time they can't even be detected, let alone complete a zero-out cycle. Right now those drives are just being stored, but that can't continue forever. We've got a couple bad LTO tapes it'd be nice to deal with, too. There are very real security and legal issues that make dropping them off with someone who claims they'll be properly destroyed a gamble. I've looked around at degaussers and HDD shredders, and the ones that don't look like they come from some guy in his basement all seem to be $3000+, which is hard to swallow right now. Is there anything out there in the $500-1500 range that you would recommend? (Speed isn't a big issue, if it takes several minutes or even hours per drive, that's completely OK, we've only got 10 or so thus far.)

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• Concerns about a Dedicated (Windows Server 2008) + DDoS

  - by TheKillerDev

  I am have today a dedicated server with these specs: Intel Core i5 750, 2x120GB (ssd + raid), Windows Server 2008 Web, 200Mbps Network, 24 Gb DD3 And I would like to know what are the best thing I can do to prevent a DDoS Attack, since I know this will be a real threat by the importance of the files that will be archived in it. Today I have apache listening port 80 and RDC listening port 3389. But the security is beeing made only by Windows Firewall. So, any thoughts on what would be good to prevent from DDoS attacks?

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• Securing a persistent reverse SSH connection for management

  - by bVector

  I am deploying demo Ubuntu 10.04 LTS servers in environments I do not control and would like to have an easy and secure way to administer these machines without having to have the destination firewall forward port 22 for SSH access. I've found a few guides to do this with reverse port (e.g. howtoforge reverse ssh tunneling guide) but I'm concerned with security of the stored ssh credentials required for the tunnel to be opened automatically. If the machine is compromised (primary concern is physical access to the machine is out of my control) how can I stop someone from using the stored credentials to poke around in the reverse ssh tunnel target machine? Is it possible to secure this setup, or would you suggest an alternate method?

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• Any problems with using a 301 redirect to force https traffic in IIS?

  - by Jess

  Is there any problem with using a 301 redirect to force all traffic to go to a secure-only site? We originally had redirect rules, but enforcing SSL-only seemed more secure. Here is how we set it up: Site 1: https://example.com/ Require SSL set Bound to 443 only Site 2: http://example.com Bound to 80 only Empty folder - no actual html or other data 301 Redirects to https://example.com This seems to work beautifully, but are there any issues with doing this? Would any browsers not recognize the 301 redirect, or could there be security warnings during the redirect?

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• General High-Level Assessment

  - by tcarper

  Guys and Gals, I've been tasked with a doozy of an assignment. The objective is something akin to "laying of hands" on several database servers which work in concert to provide data to various Web, Client-Server and Tablet-Sync'd distributed Client-Server programs. More specifically, I've been asked to come up with a "Maintenance Plan" which includes recommendations for future work to improve these machines' performance/reliability/security/etc. Might there be some good articles on teh interwebs ya'll could point me towards which would give me some good basis to start? Articles describing "These are the top 4 overarching categories and this is how you should proceed when drilling down on each of them" sort-of-thing would be fabulous. The Databases are all SQL 2005, however the compatibility level is 80 and they were originally created with ERwin based on SQL 6.5. The OSs are all Windows Server 2003. Thanks all! Tim

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• Why would Remote Assistance work but not Remote Desktop?

  - by Craig Johnston

  I have managed to get Remote Assistance working between two XP-Pro machines, but as soon as I try Remote Desktop I can't even get to the login screen without an error which gives a list of possibilities and concludes with "See your network administrator", which isn't very helpful. I have ramped up the security level on Remote Desktop including turning on encryption etc. Could this be the problem? I will only get a few hours on the machine at a time so I need to be well-prepared before I attack this problem again. Any ideas?

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• How useful is mounting /tmp noexec?

  - by Novelocrat

  Many people (including the Securing Debian Manual) recommend mounting /tmp with the noexec,nodev,nosuid set of options. This is generally presented as one element of a 'defense-in-depth' strategy, by preventing the escalation of an attack that lets someone write a file, or an attack by a user with a legitimate account but no other writable space. Over time, however, I've encountered arguments (most prominently by Debian/Ubuntu Developer Colin Watson) that noexec is a useless measure, for a couple potential reasons: The user can run /lib/ld-linux.so <binary> in an attempt to get the same effect. The user can still run system-provided interpreters on scripts that can't be run directly Given these arguments, the potential need for more configuration (e.g. debconf likes an executable temporary directory), and the potential loss of convenience, is this a worthwhile security measure? What other holes do you know of that enable circumvention?

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• How do I securely share / allow access to a drive?

  - by sleske

  To simplify backing up a laptop (Windows Vista), I'm planning on sharing its C: drive (with password protection) and using that to back it up from another computer. What are the security implications of this? If I share C: with a reasonable password, how big is the risk of compromise if the system is e.g. inadvertently used on a public WLAN or similar? Background: I'm planning to use [Areca Backup][1] to back up two systems (Windows XP and Vista). My current plan is to install Areca on the XP box, and share the Vista system's C: as a shared folder, so the XP system can read it. Then I can set up the drive as a network drive and have Areca read it like a local drive. Of course, if you can think of a more elegant way of doing this, I'm open to suggestions.

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• Is it secure to store the cert/key on a private AMI?

  - by Phillip Oldham

  Are there any major security implications to bundling a private AMI which contains the private key/certificate & environment variables? For resiliency I'm creating an EC2 image which should be able to boot and configure itself without any intervention. After boot it will attempt to: Attach & mount specific EBS volume(s) Associate a specific Elastic IP Start issuing backups of the EBS volume(s) to S3 However, to do this it will need the private key/pem files and will need certain environment variables to be available on start-up. Since this is a private AMI I'm wondering if it will be "safe" to store these variables/files directly in the image so that I don't need to specify any user-data information and can therefore start a new instance remotely (from my iPhone, if needed) should the instance be terminated for any reason.

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• What rights does an employer have to the employee's computer?

  - by Terrence Brannon

  What access rights should an employee grant an employer for a work computer? For instance, let's assume that the business people come to the IT lab late at night for discussions with the CIO and they use my computer for reading email and general web surfing. In a sense, this means that they are taking full or partial responsibility for any security issues that crop up that get traced back to the employee's machine. Perhaps the proper way to provide a computer to an employee is to give him full and exclusive use of it while employed. Only supervised access (such as hardware/software maintenance) should be acceptable.

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• Why does Windows Firewall show "Unidentified network" as one of my "Active public networks"?

  - by MousePad

  I have a machine that has wifi and ethernet. I have wifi active, and am not using ethernet. My Windows firewall shows two active networks, one is the wifi network I connect to, and the other is "Unidentified network". What is this unidentified network? I can't seem to be able to get rid of it because I can't find where it is even defined. How can you detect this and know whether this is just something appropriate or possibly a security problem? I am on Windows 7 64bit.

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• Enabling the Power State Change Beep

  - by digitxp

  I have a Thinkpad T430s. I found on other Thinkpads there's a beep when you plug or unplug the AC cord. While I hear a lot of people say it's annoying it seems like a very useful security feature. However, when I go into the Power Manager the option to beep on plugging/unplugging ("Power State Change Beep") isn't there, even though it's in the help file already. I know it would be easy to rig a software solution to this event, but it would kind of defeat the purpose if it doesn't beep when it's in sleep. Is there a way to get this beep on my laptop?

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• Best client and server antivirus for 5 user office?

  - by drpcken

  I'm setting up an Active Directory environment for 5 users (very small) and I'm wondering what is the best antivirus for clients (Windows 7) and servers (Server 2008 R2 x64)? I use Symantec Corp at my organization (50+ users) but I think that is overkill for this company. I wanted to use Microsoft Security Essentials for the clients (I use it for home machines and it's the best free AV in my opinion) but I don't think it will work on the Servers (3 servers, PDC, TS, and File). They are behind a Sonicwall TZ 200. What would be the best. Free would be even better. Thank you!

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• How to get full write permission on my second drive after dual boot?

  - by Shaul

  I had a WinXP installation on my hard drive. Then I bought a 2nd drive and installed Win7. Dual boot working fine. But when I'm in the Win7 environment, it appears that I don't have full admin permission on the "D" drive (that's the drive with WinXP). Even though the user I'm logged in as has admin permissions, I have to run my apps with administrator privileges in order to get write access to the D drive. This is not the case when I do stuff on the C drive. I could just get into running those apps that access the D drive in admin mode, but that seems like overkill. Is there some secret switch I can flip so that my D drive acts like my C drive, security-wise?

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• How to disable Utility Manager (Windows Key + U)

  - by Skizz

  How do I disable the Windows Key+U hotkey in Windows XP? Alternatively, how do I stop the utility manager from being active? The two are related. The utilty manager is currently providing a potential security hole and I need to remove it*. The system I'm developing uses a custom Gina to log in and start a custom shell. This removes most Windows Key hotkeys but the Win+U still pops up the manager app. Update: Things I've tried and don't work: NoWinKeys registry setting - this only affects explorer hotkeys; Renaming utilman.exe - program reappears next login; Third party software - not really an option, these machines are audited by the clients and additional, third party software would be unlikely to be accepted. Also, the proedure needs to be reasonably straightforward - this has to be done by field service engineers to existing machines (machines currently in Russia, Holland, France, Spain, Ireland and USA). * The hole is via the internet options in the help viewer the utility app links to.

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