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• Reading Code - helpful visualizers and browser tools

  - by wishi_

  Hi! I find myself reading 10 times more code than writing. My IDEs all are optimized to make me edit code - with completion, code assist, outlines etc. However if I'm checking out a completely new project: getting into the application's logics isn't optimized with these IDE features. Because I cannot extend what I don't fully understand. If you for example check out a relatively new project, frama-c, you realize that it has got plugins that are helpful to gain insight into "unfamiliar code": http://frama-c.com/plugins.html - However of course the project has a different scope. What I'm fully aware of. I'm looking for something that does helpful things for code-reading. Like: providing a graph, - reverse engineering UML e g., showing variable scopes showing which parts are affected by attempted modifications visualizing data-flow semantics showing tag-lists of heavily utilized functions ... My hope is that something like that exists. - That there're some Eclipse plugins I don't know or that there's a code-browser that has some of these features?

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• How do I pass parameters between request-scoped beans

  - by smayers81

  This is a question that has been bothering me for sometime. My application uses ICEFaces for our UI framework and Spring 2.5 for Dependency Injection. In addition, Spring actually maintains all of our backing beans, not the ICEFaces framework, so our faces-config is basically empty. Navigation is not even really handled through navigation-rules. We perform manual redirects to new windows using window.open. All of our beans are defined in our appContext file as being request-scoped. I have Page ABC which is backed by BackingBeanABC. Inside that backing bean, I have a parameter say: private Order order; I then have Page XYZ backed by BackingBeanXYZ. When I redirect from page ABC to page XYZ, I want to transfer the 'order' property from ABC to XYZ. The problem is since everything is request-scoped and I'm performing a redirect, I am losing the value of 'description'. There has got to be an easier way to pass objects between beans in request scope during a redirect. Can anyone assist with this issue?

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• How do I reject if exists? for non-nested attributes?

  - by GoodGets

  Currently my controller lets a user submit muliple "links" at a time. It collects them into an array, creates them for that user, but catches any errors for the User to go back and fix. How can I ignore the creation of any links that already exist for that user? I know that I can use validates_uniqueness_of with a scope for that user, but I'd rather just ignore their creation completely. Here's my controller: @links = params[:links].values.collect{ |link| current_user.links.create(link) }.reject { |p| p.errors.empty? } Each link has a url, so I thought about checking if that link.url already exists for that user, but wasn't really sure how, or where, to do that. Should I tack this onto my controller somehow? Or should it be a new method in the model, like as in a before_validation Callback? (Note: these "links" are not nested, but they do belong_to :user.) So, I'd like to just be able to ignore the creation of these links if possible. Like if a user submits 5 links, but 2 of them already exist for him, then I'd just like for those 2 to be ignored, while the other 3 are created. How should I go about doing this?

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• Targeted Simplify in Mathematica

  - by Timo

  I generate very long and complex analytic expressions of the general form: (...something not so complex...)(...ditto...)(...ditto...)...lots... When I try to use Simplify, Mathematica grinds to a halt, I am assuming due to the fact that it tries to expand the brackets and or simplify across different brackets. The brackets, while containing long expressions, are easily simplified by Mathematica on their own. Is there some way I can limit the scope of Simplify to a single bracket at a time? Edit: Some additional info and progress. So using the advice from you guys I have now started using something in the vein of In[1]:= trouble = Log[(x + I y) (x - I y) + Sqrt[(a + I b) (a - I b)]]; In[2]:= Replace[trouble, form_ /; (Head[form] == Times) :> Simplify[form],{3}] Out[2]= Log[Sqrt[a^2 + b^2] + (x - I y) (x + I y)] Changing Times to an appropriate head like Plus or Power makes it possible to target the simplification quite accurately. The problem / question that remains, though, is the following: Simplify will still descend deeper than the level specified to Replace, e.g. In[3]:= Replace[trouble, form_ /; (Head[form] == Plus) :> Simplify[form], {1}] Out[3]= Log[Sqrt[a^2 + b^2] + x^2 + y^2] simplifies the square root as well. My plan was to iteratively use Replace from the bottom up one level at a time, but this clearly will result in vast amount of repeated work by Simplify and ultimately result in the exact same bogging down of Mathematica I experienced in the outset. Is there a way to restrict Simplify to a certain level(s)? I realize that this sort of restriction may not produce optimal results, but the idea here is getting something that is "good enough".

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• Convert pre-IEEE-574 C++ floating-point numbers to/from C#

  - by Richard Kucia

  Before .Net, before math coprocessors, before IEEE-574, Microsoft defined a bit pattern for floating-point numbers. Old versions of the C++ compiler happily used that definition. I am writing a C# app that needs to read/write such floating-point numbers in a file. How can I do the conversions between the 2 bit formats? I need conversion methods in both directions. This app is going to run in a PocketPC/WinCE environment. Changing the structure of the file is out-of-scope for this project. Is there a C++ compiler option that instructs it to use the old FP format? That would be ideal. I could then exchange data between the C# code and C++ code by using a null-terminated text string, and the C++ methods would be simple wrappers around sprintf and atof functions. At the very least, I'm hoping someone can reply with the bit definitions for the old FP format, so I can put together a low-level bit manipulation algorithm if necessary. Thanks.

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• when an autoreleased object is actually released?

  - by psebos

  Hi, I am new in objective-c and I am trying to understand memory management to get it right. After reading the excellent Memory Management Programming Guide for Cocoa by apple my only concern is when actually an autoreleased object is released in an iphone/ipod application. My understanding is at the end of a run loop. But what defines a run loop in the application? So I was wondering whether the following piece of code is right. Assume an object @implementation Test - (NSString *) functionA { NSString *stringA; stringA = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"Hello" autorelease] return stringA; } - (NSString *) functionB { NSString *stringB; stringB = [self functionA]; return stringB; } - (NSString *) functionC { NSString *stringC; stringC = [self functionB]; return stringC; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; (NSString *) p = [self functionC]; NSLog(@"string is %@",p); } @end Is this code valid? From the apple text I understand that the NSString returned from functionA is valid in the scope of functionB. I am not sure whether it is valid in functionC and in viewDidLoad. Thanks!

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• using EventToCommand & PassEventArgsToCommand :: how to get sender, or better metaphor?

  - by JoeBrockhaus

  The point of what I'm doing is that there are a lot of things that need to happen in the viewmodel, but when the view has been loaded, not on constructor. I could wire up event handlers and send messages, but that just seems kinda sloppy to me. I'm implementing a base view and base viewmodel where this logic is contained so all my views get it by default, hopefully. Perhaps I can't even get what I'm wanting: the sender. I just figured this is what RoutedEventArgs.OriginalSource was supposed to be? [Edit] In the meantime, I've hooked up an EventHandler in the xaml.cs, and sure enough, OriginalSource is null there as well. So I guess really I need to know if it's possible to get a reference to the view/sender in the Command as well? [/Edit] My implementation requires that a helper class to my viewmodels which is responsible for creating 'windows' knows of the 'host' control that all the windows get added to. i'm open to suggestions for accomplishing this outside the scope of using eventtocommand. :) (the code for Unloaded is the same) #region ViewLoadedCommand private RelayCommand<RoutedEventArgs> _viewLoadedCommand = null; /// <summary> /// Command to handle the control's Loaded event. /// </summary> public RelayCommand<RoutedEventArgs> ViewLoadedCommand { get { // lazy-instantiate the RelayCommand on first usage if (_viewLoadedCommand == null) { _viewLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<RoutedEventArgs>( e => this.OnViewLoadedCommand(e)); } return _viewLoadedCommand; } } #endregion ViewLoadedCommand #region View EventHandlers protected virtual void OnViewLoadedCommand(RoutedEventArgs e) { EventHandler handler = ViewLoaded; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } } #endregion

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• What are the most time consuming checks performed by .NET when executing a managed appplication?

  - by ltorje

  I've developed a .NET based Windows service that uses part managed (C#) and unmanaged code (C/C++ libraries). In some domain environments (e.g. Win 2k3 32bit server inside domain abc.com) sometimes the service takes more than 30 seconds to start (especially on OS restart), thus failing to start the service. I suspect that it has something to do with enterprise level security but I do not know for sure. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa720255%28VS.71%29.aspx I've tried the following without success: - delay loading references by moving the using directives as far as possible from the servicebase implementation (especially the xml namespace - know to cause delays in loading) - delay loading and configuring log4net - precompiling the code by using ngen - delaying the start of the worker thread - add/remove manifest + decencies set inside - sign/unsign the binaries - use the configuration settings (there are a lot of settings and the scope level for all is set to application ) as later as possible - add all dependencies to GAC I didn't tried yet to add security demands for the class that has the Main method implemented. I didn't tries to implement my own configuration loader because after inspecting the autogenerated code, I've noticed that the setting class is a singletone and it gets its instance on call. By completely removing the log4net dependency it worked, but this is not an option. When the network card is disabled the service starts immediately. Any suggestions/comments/solution you have would be most welcomed.

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• Java Client .class File Protection

  - by Zac

  I am in the requirements phase of building a JEE application that will most likely run on a GlassFish/JBoss backend (doesn't matter for now). I know I shouldn't be thinking about architecture at requirements time, but one can't help but start to imagine how the components would all snap together :-) Here are some hard, non-flexible requirements on the client-side: (1) The client application will be a Swing box (2) The client is free to download, but will use a subscription model (thus requiring a login mechanism with server-side authentication/authorization, etc.) (3) Yes, Java is the best platform solution for the problem at hand for reasons outside the scope of this post (4) The client-side .class files need safeguarding against decompiling That last (4th) requirement is the basis of this post. I'm not really worried about someone actually decompiling and getting at my source code: in the end, it's just Swing controls driven by some lightweight business logic. I'm worried about a scenario where someone decompiles my code, modifies it to exploit/attack the server, re-compiles, and fires it up. I've envisioned all sorts of nasty solutions, but didn't know if this was a common problem with a common solution for JEE developers. Any thoughts? Not interested in "code obfuscation" techniques! Thanks for any input!

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• Is it possible to execute a function in Mongo that accepts any parameters?

  - by joshua.clayton

  I'm looking to write a function to do a custom query on a collection in Mongo. Problem is, I want to reuse that function. My thought was this (obviously contrived): var awesome = function(count) { return function() { return this.size == parseInt(count); }; } So then I could do something along the lines of: db.collection.find(awesome(5)); However, I get this error: error: { "$err" : "error on invocation of $where function: JS Error: ReferenceError: count is not defined nofile_b:1" } So, it looks like Mongo isn't honoring scope, but I'm really not sure why. Any insight would be appreciated. To go into more depth of what I'd like to do: A collection of documents has lat/lng values, and I want to find all documents within a concave or convex polygon. I have the function written but would ideally be able to reuse the function, so I want to pass in an array of points composing my polygon to the function I execute on Mongo's end. I've looked at Mongo's geospatial querying and it currently on supports circle and box queries - I need something more complex.

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• Does this language feature already exists?

  - by Pindatjuh

  I'm currently developing a new language for programming in a continuous environment (compare it to electrical engineering), and I've got some ideas on a certain language construction. Let me explain the feature by explanation and then by definition; x = a | b; Where x is a variable and a and b are other variables (or static values). if(x == a) { // all references to "x" are essentially references to "a". } if(x == b) { // same but with "b" } if(x != a) { // ... } if(x == a | b) { // guaranteed that "x" is '"a" | "b"'; interacting with "x" // will interact with both "a" and "b". } // etc. In the above, all code-blocks are executed, but the "scope" changes in each block how x is interpreted. In the first block, x is guaranteed to be a: thus interacting with x inside that block will interact on a. The second and the third code-block are only equal in this situation (because not b only remains a). The last block guarantees that x is at least a or b. Further more; | is not the "bitwise or operator", but I've called it the "and/or"-operator. It's definition is: "|" = "and" | "or" (On my blog, http://cplang.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/binop-and-or/, is more (mathematical) background information on this operator. It's loosely based on sets.) I do not know if this construction already exists, so that's my question: does this language feature already exists?

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• Enabling/Disabling Aero from a Windows Service

  - by rgould

  I have some code to enable/disable the Windows Aero service in Vista, and I would like to run it in a Windows Service. The code works in a standalone application, but when I run it from a Service, nothing happens. No errors or exceptions are thrown. I realise that running code in a service is a different scope than running code in an application, but in this case, how would I enable/disable Aero from the service? Is this even possible? Here is the code I am working with: public static readonly uint DWM_EC_DISABLECOMPOSITION = 0; public static readonly uint DWM_EC_ENABLECOMPOSITION = 1; [DllImport("dwmapi.dll", EntryPoint="DwmEnableComposition")] protected static extern uint Win32DwmEnableComposition(uint uCompositionAction); public static bool EnableAero() { Win32DwmEnableComposition(DWM_EC_ENABLECOMPOSITION); } Edit: It turns out that the DwmEnableComposition call is returning HRESULT 0x80070018, or ERROR_BAD_LENGTH. Seems like a strange error, since the code works when not running as a service. I also tried changing the entire thing to the following code, but got the same result. It sets the window station and desktop, and it seems to be correct, but the call to DwmEnableComposition results in the same error. I've not included the PInvoke declarations for brevity. protected override void OnStop() { IntPtr winStation = OpenWindowStation("winsta0", true, 0x10000000 /* GENERIC_ALL */); if (winStation == null || winStation.ToInt32() == 0) { String err = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message; } if (!SetProcessWindowStation(winStation)) { String err = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message; } uint thread = GetCurrentThreadId(); IntPtr hdesk = OpenInputDesktop(0, false, 0x10000000 /* GENERIC_ALL */); if (hdesk == null || hdesk.ToInt32() == 0) { String err = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message; } if (!SetThreadDesktop(hdesk)) { String err = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message; } uint result = Win32DwmEnableComposition(DWM_EC_DISABLECOMPOSITION); if (result != 0) { String err = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message; } }

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• AJAX Autosave

  - by antony.trupe

  What's the best javascript library, or plugin or extension to a library, that has implemented autosaving functionality? The specific need is to be able to 'save' a data grid. Think gmail and Google Documents' autosave. I don't want to reinvent the wheel if its already been invented. I'm looking for an existing implementation of the magical autoSave() function. Auto-Saving:pushing to server code that saves to persistent storage, usually a DB. The server code framework is outside the scope of this question. Note that I'm not looking for an Ajax library, but a library/framework a level higher: interacts with the form itself. daemach introduced an implementation on top of jQuery @ http://ideamill.synaptrixgroup.com/?p=3. I'm not convinced it meets the lightweight and well engineered criteria though. Criteria stable, lightweight, well engineered saves onChange and/or onBlur saves no more frequently then a given number of milliseconds handles multiple updates happening at the same time doesn't save if no change has occurred since last save saves to different urls per input class Updates I've stabilized a solution. See my answer below for links.

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• Bug: files uploaded via desktop or web client have hidden tag when listed via API

  - by Jon Webb

  Files uploaded to Google Drive sometimes incorrectly have a hidden tag when listed via the Document List v3 REST API: <category scheme='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005/labels' term='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005/labels#hidden' label='hidden'/> This happens if: a subfolder is created via the Google Drive desktop client and files are copied in, or a folder is uploaded via the Google Drive web client. The folder does not have the hidden tag, but the files that were uploaded do. The files do not have this tag if: they are individually uploaded via the Google Drive web client to the subfolder, or they are uploaded via the REST API to the subfolder, or they are uploaded via the desktop client to the My Drive root. The files and folders show up in Google Drive whether they have the hidden tag or not. We're using the API with the following scope: https://docs.google.com/feeds/ https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/ https://docs.googleusercontent.com/ I have verified and can recreate this with the OAuth 2.0 playground. Google Drive desktop client version 1.3.3209.2600 on Win7 32-bit I guess these must be bugs in the API...

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• Email function using templates. Includes via ob_start and global vars

  - by Geo

  I have a simple Email() class. It's used to send out emails from my website. <? Email::send($to, $subj, $msg, $options); ?> I also have a bunch of email templates written in plain HTML pierced with a few PHP variables. E.g. /inc/email/templates/account_created.php: <p>Dear <?=$name?>,</p> <p>Thank you for creating an account at <?=$SITE_NAME?>. To login use the link below:</p> <p><a href="https://<?=$SITE_URL?>/account" target="_blank"><?=$SITE_NAME?>/account</a></p> In order to have the PHP vars rendered I had to include the template into my function. But since include does not return the contents but rather just sends it directly to the output, I had to wrap it with the buffer functions: <? abstract class Email { public static function send($to, $subj, $msg, $options = array()) { /* ... */ ob_start(); include '/inc/email/templates/account_created.php'; $msg = ob_get_clean(); /* ... */ } } After that I realized that the PHP vars are not rendered as they are being inside of the function scope, so I had to globalize the variables inside of the template: <? global $SITE_NAME, $SITE_URL, $name; ?> <p>Dear <?=$name?>,</p> ... So the question is whether there is a more elegant solution to this? Mainly I am concerned about my workarounds using ob_start() and global. For some reason that seems to me odd. Or this is pretty much the common practice?

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• Jquery dynamic button : how to bind to exisitng click event by class

  - by omer bach

  I have a click event triggered by the class selector inside the jquery ready scope: $(".testBtn").click(function() { alert("This Works"); }); This works fine for static buttons how ever this doesn't work for dynamic buttons which are added upon clicking the button with "addRowBtn" id. I'm guessing that it has something to do with that the button is created after the event is registered but still the new button has the 'testBtn' class so it makes sense it should work. Any idea what am i doing wrong and how to make the dynamic buttons registered to the class selector click event? Here is the whole code, you can copy and paste into an html, click the 'add button' and try to click the added buttons. you'll see nothing happens. <html> <head> <script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js'></script> <script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1/jquery-ui.min.js'></script> <script> $(function() { $(".addRowBtn").click(function() { $("#mainTable tr:last").after("<tr><td><button class='testBtn'>NotWorking</button></td></tr>"); }); $(".testBtn").click(function() { alert("This Works"); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <table id="mainTable"> <button class="addRowBtn">Add button</button> <tr><th>Testing</th></tr> <tr><td><button class='testBtn'>Working</button></td></tr> </table> </body> </html>

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• Strange Matlab error: "??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals"

  - by Roee Adler

  I have a function func that returns a vector a. I usually plot a and then perform further analysis on it. I have a certain scenario when once I try to plot a, I get a "??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals" error. Take a look at the following piece of code to see the vector's behavior: K>> a a = 5.7047 6.3529 6.4826 5.5750 4.1488 5.8343 5.3157 5.4454 K>> plot(a) ??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals. K>> for i=1:length(a); b(i) = a(i); end; K>> b b = 5.7047 6.3529 6.4826 5.5750 4.1488 5.8343 5.3157 5.4454 K>> plot(b) ??? Subscript indices must either be real positive integers or logicals. The scenario where this happens is when I call function func from within another function (call it outer_func), and return the result directly as outer_func's result. When debugging inside outer_func, I can plot a properly, but outside the scope of outer_func, its result has the above behavior. What can cause this? Where do I start from?

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• Help with Struts Action mapping

  - by nicotine

  I am having a problem with my struts application it is a class enrollment app and when the user clicks on a "show enrolled courses" button it is supposed to show the courses they are enrolled in but it shows nothing at the moment. Struts/Apache does not return any errors, it Just shows a blank page and I cannot figure out why. My action mapping in my struts-config: <action path="/showEnrolled" type="actions.ShowEnrolledAction" name="UserFormEnrolled" scope="request" validate="true" input="/students/StudentMenu.jsp"> <forward name="success" path="/students/enrolled.jsp"/> </action> My link to the jsp enrolled.jsp page: <li><html:form action="/showEnrolled"> <html:hidden property="id" value= "<%=request.getRemoteUser()%>"/> <html:submit value = "View Enrolled Classes"/> </html:form> </li> When I click the link I get nothing but my menu on the page. The text headings for the page are not even displayed.

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• Passing IDisposable objects through constructor chains

  - by Matt Enright

  I've got a small hierarchy of objects that in general gets constructed from data in a Stream, but for some particular subclasses, can be synthesized from a simpler argument list. In chaining the constructors from the subclasses, I'm running into an issue with ensuring the disposal of the synthesized stream that the base class constructor needs. Its not escaped me that the use of IDisposable objects this way is possibly just dirty pool (plz advise?) for reasons I've not considered, but, this issue aside, it seems fairly straightforward (and good encapsulation). Codes: abstract class Node { protected Node (Stream raw) { // calculate/generate some base class properties } } class FilesystemNode : Node { public FilesystemNode (FileStream fs) : base (fs) { // all good here; disposing of fs not our responsibility } } class CompositeNode : Node { public CompositeNode (IEnumerable some_stuff) : base (GenerateRaw (some_stuff)) { // rogue stream from GenerateRaw now loose in the wild! } static Stream GenerateRaw (IEnumerable some_stuff) { var content = new MemoryStream (); // molest elements of some_stuff into proper format, write to stream content.Seek (0, SeekOrigin.Begin); return content; } } I realize that not disposing of a MemoryStream is not exactly a world-stopping case of bad CLR citizenship, but it still gives me the heebie-jeebies (not to mention that I may not always be using a MemoryStream for other subtypes). It's not in scope, so I can't explicitly Dispose () it later in the constructor, and adding a using statement in GenerateRaw () is self-defeating since I need the stream returned. Is there a better way to do this? Preemptive strikes: yes, the properties calculated in the Node constructor should be part of the base class, and should not be calculated by (or accessible in) the subclasses I won't require that a stream be passed into CompositeNode (its format should be irrelevant to the caller) The previous iteration had the value calculation in the base class as a separate protected method, which I then just called at the end of each subtype constructor, moved the body of GenerateRaw () into a using statement in the body of the CompositeNode constructor. But the repetition of requiring that call for each constructor and not being able to guarantee that it be run for every subtype ever (a Node is not a Node, semantically, without these properties initialized) gave me heebie-jeebies far worse than the (potential) resource leak here does.

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• How to access hidden template in unnamed namespace?

  - by Johannes Schaub - litb

  Here is a tricky situation, and i wonder what ways there are to solve it namespace { template <class T> struct Template { /* ... */ }; } typedef Template<int> Template; Sadly, the Template typedef interferes with the Template template in the unnamed namespace. When you try to do Template<float> in the global scope, the compiler raises an ambiguity error between the template name and the typedef name. You don't have control over either the template name or the typedef-name. Now I want to know whether it is possible to: Create an object of the typedefed type Template (i.e Template<int>) in the global namespace. Create an object of the type Template<float> in the global namespace. You are not allowed to add anything to the unnamed namespace. Everything should be done in the global namespace. This is out of curiosity because i was wondering what tricks there are for solving such an ambiguity. It's not a practical problem i hit during daily programming.

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• How to test for existence of a script-scoped variable in PowerShell?

  - by Damian Powell

  Is it possible to test for the existence of a script-scoped variable in PowerShell? I've been using the PowerShell Community Extensions (PSCX) but I've noticed that if you import the module while Set-PSDebug -Strict is set, an error is produced: The variable '$SCRIPT:helpCache' cannot be retrieved because it has not been set. At C:\Users\...\Modules\Pscx\Modules\GetHelp\Pscx.GetHelp.psm1:5 char:24 While investigating how I might fix this, I found this piece of code in Pscx.GetHelp.psm1: #requires -version 2.0 param([string[]]$PreCacheList) if ((!$SCRIPT:helpCache) -or $RefreshCache) { $SCRIPT:helpCache = @{} } This is pretty straight forward code; if the cache doesn't exist or needs to be refreshed, create a new, empty cache. The problem is that calling $SCRIPT:helpCache while Set-PSDebug -Strict is in force casues the error because the variable hasn't been defined yet. Ideally, we could use a Test-Variable cmdlet but such a thing doesn't exist! I thought about looking in the variable: provider but I don't know how to determine the scope of a variable. So my question is: how can I test for the existence of a variable while Set-PSDebug -Strict is in force, without causing an error?

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• VBA: Difference in two ways of declaring a new object? (Trying to understand why my solution works)

  - by Matt

  I was creating a new object within a loop, and adding that object to a collection; but when I read back the collection after, it was always filled entirely with the last object I had added. I've come up with two ways around this, but I simply do not understand why my initial implementation was wrong. Original: Dim oItem As Variant Dim sOutput As String Dim i As Integer Dim oCollection As New Collection For i = 0 To 10 Dim oMatch As New clsMatch oMatch.setLineNumber i oCollection.Add oMatch Next For Each oItem In oCollection sOutput = sOutput & "[" & oItem.lineNumber & "]" Next MsgBox sOutput This resulted in every lineNumber being 10; I was obviously not creating new objects, but instead using the same one each time through the loop, despite the declaration being inside of the loop. So, I added Set oMatch = Nothing immediately before the Next line, and this fixed the problem, it was now 0 to 10. So if the old object was explicitly destroyed, then it was willing to create a new one? I would have thought the next iteration through the loop would cause anything declared within the loop do be destroyed due to scope? Curious, I tried another way of declaring a new object: Dim oMatch As clsMatch: Set oMatch = New clsMatch. This, too, results in 0 to 10. Can anyone explain to me why the first implementation was wrong?

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• is there a Universal Model for languages?

  - by Smandoli

  Many programming languages share generic and even fairly universal features. For example, if you compared Java, VB6, .NET, PHP, Python, then you would find common functions such as control structures, numeric and string manipulation, etc. What has been done to define these features at a meta-language (or language-agnostic) level? UML offers a descriptive reference of software in every aspect, but the real-world focus seems to be data processes. Is UML relevant? I'm not asking "Why we don't have a single language that replaces the current plethora." We need many different tools (at least in this eon). I'm not asking that all languages fit a template -- assembly vs. compiled languages are different enough to make that unfeasible (and some folks call HTML a language, though I wouldn't). Any attempt would start with a properly narrow scope. In line with this, I wouldn't expect the model to cover even a small selection with full validity. I would expect however that such a model could be used to transpose from one language to another (with limited goals -- think jist translation).

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• How do I create efficient instance variable mutators in Matlab?

  - by Trent B

  Previously, I implemented mutators as follows, however it ran spectacularly slowly on a recursive OO algorithm I'm working on, and I suspected it may have been because I was duplicating objects on every function call... is this correct? %% Example Only obj2 = tripleAllPoints(obj1) obj.pts = obj.pts * 3; obj2 = obj1 end I then tried implementing mutators without using the output object... however, it appears that in MATLAB i can't do this - the changes won't "stick" because of a scope issue? %% Example Only tripleAllPoints(obj1) obj1.pts = obj1.pts * 3; end For application purposes, an extremely simplified version of my code (which uses OO and recursion) is below. classdef myslice properties pts % array of pts nROW % number of rows nDIM % number of dimensions subs % sub-slices end % end properties methods function calcSubs(obj) obj.subs = cell(1,obj.nROW); for i=1:obj.nROW obj.subs{i} = myslice; obj.subs{i}.pts = obj.pts(1:i,2:end); end end function vol = calcVol(obj) if obj.nROW == 1 obj.volume = prod(obj.pts); else obj.volume = 0; calcSubs(obj); for i=1:obj.nROW obj.volume = obj.volume + calcVol(obj.subs{i}); end end end end % end methods end % end classdef

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• Correct way to generate order numbers in SQL Server

  - by Anton Gogolev

  This question certainly applies to a much broader scope, but here it is. I have a basic ecommerce app, where users can, naturally enough, place orders. Said orders need to have a unique number, which I'm trying to generate right now. Each order is Vendor-specific. Basically, I have an OrderNumberInfo (VendorID, OrderNumber) table. Now whenever a customer places an order I need to increment OrderNumber for a particuar Vendor and return that value. Naturally, I don't want other processes to interfere with me, so I need to exclusively lock this row somehow: begin tranaction declare @n int select @n = OrderNumber from OrderNumberInfo where VendorID = @vendorID update OrderNumberInfo set OrderNumber = @n + 1 where OrderNumber = @n and VendorID = @vendorID commit transaction Now, I've read about select ... with (updlock rowlock), pessimistic locking, etc., but just cannot fit all this in a coherent picture: How do these hints play with SQL Server 2008s' snapshot isolation? Do they perform row-level, page-level or even table-level locks? How does this tolerate multiple users trying to generate numbers for a single Vendor? What isolation levels are appropriate here? And generally - what is the way to do such things?

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