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• Displaying shifts on a timetable/calendar using C#

  - by Dave Peters

  I am very much a beginner and have experience of SQL and a tiny amount of VBA. What I am looking to do is create a tool to pull shift times from a database and to display them on a timetable/calendar. It will be part of a desktop application that the (very tech illiterate) end users will use to view and amend shift patterns. In essence it will be a grid with days on one axis and people on the other (I would however like to have the blocks proportional to shift length). In my mind it would potentially be a simple Gantt chart. All computing stuff I’ve learnt has been through trial and error and I want to use this project to get a much better understanding of C# as well as to get to the end product. I have been reading around for ways to tackle the problem and my issue is creating the timetable framework to which I will bind the data. I am using Visual Studio 2010 and SQL Server 2008 R2. Do you know of good resources which will either start me on the road to designing my own interface or give a basic framework I can adapt? All the resources I’ve found so far have been in different languages or for web based applications. Thank you for your time.

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• Required Working Precision for the BBP Algorithm?

  - by brainfsck

  Hello, I'm looking to compute the nth digit of Pi in a low-memory environment. As I don't have decimals available to me, this integer-only BBP algorithm in Python has been a great starting point. I only need to calculate one digit of Pi at a time. How can I determine the lowest I can set D, the "number of digits of working precision"? D=4 gives me many correct digits, but a few digits will be off by one. For example, computing digit 393 with precision of 4 gives me 0xafda, from which I extract the digit 0xa. However, the correct digit is 0xb. No matter how high I set D, it seems that testing a sufficient number of digits finds an one where the formula returns an incorrect value. I've tried upping the precision when the digit is "close" to another, e.g. 0x3fff or 0x1000, but cannot find any good definition of "close"; for instance, calculating at digit 9798 gives me 0xcde6 , which is not very close to 0xd000, but the correct digit is 0xd. Can anyone help me figure out how much working precision is needed to calculate a given digit using this algorithm? Thank you,

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• Function approximation with Maclaurin series

  - by marines

  I need to approx (1-x)^0.25 with given accuracy (0.0001 e.g.). I'm using expansion found on Wikipedia for (1+x)^0.25. I need to stop approximating when current expression is less than the accuracy. long double s(long double x, long double d) { long double w = 1; long double n = 1; // nth expression in series long double tmp = 1; // sum while last expression is greater than accuracy while (fabsl(tmp) >= d) { tmp *= (1.25 / n - 1) * (-x); // the next expression w += tmp; // is added to approximation n++; } return w; } Don't mind long double n. :P This works well when I'm not checking value of current expression but when I'm computing 1000 or more expressions. Domain of the function is <-1;1 and s() calculates approximation well for x in <-1;~0.6. The bigger the argument is the bigger is the error of calculation. From 0.6 it exceeds the accuracy. I'm not sure if the problem is clear enough because I don't know English math language well. The thing is what's the matter with while condition and why the function s() doesn't approximate correctly.

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• OleDbExeption Was unhandled in VB.Net

  - by ritch

  Syntax error (missing operator) in query expression '((ProductID = ?) AND ((? = 1 AND Product Name IS NULL) OR (Product Name = ?)) AND ((? = 1 AND Price IS NULL) OR (Price = ?)) AND ((? = 1 AND Quantity IS NULL) OR (Quantity = ?)))'. I need some help sorting this error out in Visual Basics.Net 2008. I am trying to update records in a MS Access Database 2008. I have it being able to update one table but the other table is just not having it. Private Sub Admin_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load 'Reads Users into the program from the text file (Located at Module.VB) ReadUsers() 'Connect To Access 2007 Database File con.ConnectionString = ("Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" & "Data Source=E:\Computing\Projects\Login\Login\bds.accdb;") con.Open() 'SQL connect 1 sql = "Select * From Clients" da = New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(sql, con) da.Fill(ds, "Clients") MaxRows = ds.Tables("Clients").Rows.Count intCounter = -1 'SQL connect 2 sql2 = "Select * From Products" da2 = New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(sql2, con) da2.Fill(ds, "Products") MaxRows2 = ds.Tables("Products").Rows.Count intCounter2 = -1 'Show Clients From Database in a ComboBox ComboBoxClients.DisplayMember = "ClientName" ComboBoxClients.ValueMember = "ClientID" ComboBoxClients.DataSource = ds.Tables("Clients") End Sub The button, the error appears on da2.update(ds, "Products") Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button4.Click Dim cb2 As New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(da2) ds.Tables("Products").Rows(intCounter2).Item("Price") = ProductPriceBox.Text da2.Update(ds, "Products") 'Alerts the user that the Database has been updated MsgBox("Database Updated") End Sub However the code works on updating another table Private Sub UpdateButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles UpdateButton.Click 'Allows users to update records in the Database Dim cb As New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(da) 'Changes the database contents with the content in the text fields ds.Tables("Clients").Rows(intCounter).Item("ClientName") = ClientNameBox.Text ds.Tables("Clients").Rows(intCounter).Item("ClientID") = ClientIDBox.Text ds.Tables("Clients").Rows(intCounter).Item("ClientAddress") = ClientAddressBox.Text ds.Tables("Clients").Rows(intCounter).Item("ClientTelephoneNumber") = ClientNumberBox.Text 'Updates the table withing the Database da.Update(ds, "Clients") 'Alerts the user that the Database has been updated MsgBox("Database Updated") End Sub

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• how to better (inambiguaously) use the terms CAPTCHA and various types of interactions?

  - by vgv8

  I am working on survey of state-of-the-art and trends of spam prevention techniques. I observe that non-intrusive, transparent to visitor spam prevention techniques (like context-based filtering or honey traps) are frequently called non-captcha. Is it correct understanding of term CAPTCHA which is "type of challenge-response [ 2 ]test used in computing to ensure that the response is not generated by a compute" [ 1 ] and challenge-response does not seem to imply obligatory human involvement. So, which understanding (definition) of term and classification I'd better to stick with? How would I better call CAPTCHA without direct human interaction in order to avoid ambiguity and confusion of terms understnding? How would I better (succinctly and unambiguously) coin the term for captchas requiring human interaction but without typing into textbox? How would I better (succinctly and unambiguously) coin the terms to mark the difference between human interaction with images (playing, drag&dropping, rearranging, clicking with images) vs. just recognizing them (and then typing into a textbox the answer without interaction with images)? PS. The problem is that recognition of a wiggled word in an image or typing the answer to question is also interaction and when I start to use the terms "interaction", "interactive", "captcha", "protection", "non-captcha", "non-interactive", "static", "dynamic", "visible", "hidden" the terms overlap ambiguously with which another (especailly because the definitions or their actual practice of usage are vague or contradictive). [ 1 ] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA

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• Linux 2.6.31 Scheduler and Multithreaded Jobs

  - by dsimcha

  I run massively parallel scientific computing jobs on a shared Linux computer with 24 cores. Most of the time my jobs are capable of scaling to 24 cores when nothing else is running on this computer. However, it seems like when even one single-threaded job that isn't mine is running, my 24-thread jobs (which I set for high nice values) only manage to get ~1800% CPU (using Linux notation). Meanwhile, about 500% of the CPU cycles (again, using Linux notation) are idle. Can anyone explain this behavior and what I can do about it to get all of the 23 cores that aren't being used by someone else? Notes: In case it's relevant, I have observed this on slightly different kernel versions, though I can't remember which off the top of my head. The CPU architecture is x64. Is it at all possible that the fact that my 24-core jobs are 32-bit and the other jobs I'm competing w/ are 64-bit is relevant? Edit: One thing I just noticed is that going up to 30 threads seems to alleviate the problem to some degree. It gets me up to ~2100% CPU.

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• Where to find algorithms for standard math functions?

  - by dsimcha

  I'm looking to submit a patch to the D programming language standard library that will allow much of std.math to be evaluated at compile time using the compile-time function evaluation facilities of the language. Compile-time function evaluation has several limitations, the most important ones being: You can't use assembly language. You can't call C code or code for which the source is otherwise unavailable. Several std.math functions violate these and compile-time versions need to be written. Where can I get information on good algorithms for computing things such as logarithms, exponents, powers, and trig functions? I prefer just high level descriptions of algorithms to actual code, for two reasons: To avoid legal ambiguity and the need to make my code look "different enough" from the source to make sure I own the copyright. I want simple, portable algorithms. I don't care about micro-optimization as long as they're at least asymptotically efficient. Edit: D's compile time function evaluation model allows floating point results computed at compile time to differ from those computed at runtime anyhow, so I don't care if my compile-time algorithms don't give exactly the same result as the runtime version as long as they aren't less accurate to a practically significant extent.

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• Detecting death of spawned process using Window CRT

  - by Michael Tiller

  Executive summary: I need a way to determine whether a Windows process I've spawned via _spawnl and am communicating with using FDs from _pipe has died. Details: I'm using the low-level CRT function in Windows (_eof, _read) to communicate with a process that was spawned via a call to _spawnl (with the P_NOWAIT) flag. I'm using _pipe to create file descriptors to communicate with this spawned process and passing those descriptors (the FD #) to it on the command line. It is worth mentioning that I don't control the spawned process. It's a black box to me. It turns out that the process we are spawning occasionally crashes. I'm trying to make my code robust to this by detecting the crash. Unfortunately, I can't see a way to do this. It seems reasonable to me to expect that a call to _eof or _read on one of those descriptors would return an error status (-1) if the process had died. Unfortunately, that isn't the case. It appears that the descriptors have a life of their own independent of the spawned process. So even though the process on the other end is dead, I get no error status on the file descriptor I'm using to communicate with it. I've got the PID for the nested process (returned from the _spanwnl call) but I don't see anything I can do with that. My code works really well except for one thing. I can't detect whether the spawned process is simply busy computing me an answer or has died. If I can use the information from _pipe and _spawnl to determine if the spawned process is dead, I'll be golden. Suggestions very welcome. Thanks in advance. UPDATE: I found a fairly simple solution and added it as the selected answer.

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• randomized quicksort: probability of two elements comparison?

  - by bantu

  I am reading "Probability and Computing" by M.Mitzenmacher, E.Upfal and I have problems understanding how the probability of comparison of two elements is calculated. Input: the list (y1,y2,...,YN) of numbers. We are looking for pivot element. Question: what is probability that two elements yi and yj (ji) will be compared? Answer (from book): yi and yj will be compared if either yi or yj will be selected as pivot in first draw from sequence (yi,yi+1,...,yj-1,yj). So the probablity is: 2/(y-i+1). The problem for me is initial claim: for example, picking up yi in the first draw from the whole list will cause the comparison with yj (and vice-versa) and the probability is 2/n. So, rather the "reverse" claim is true -- none of the (yi+1,...,yj-1) elements can be selected beforeyi or yj, but the "pool" size is not fixed (in first draw it is n for sure, but on the second it is smaller). Could someone please explain this, how the authors come up with such simplified conclusion? Thank you in advance

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• What are practical guidelines for evaluating a language's "Turing Completeness"?

  - by AShelly

  I've read "what-is-turing-complete" and the wikipedia page, but I'm less interested in a formal proof than in the practical implications of being Turing Complete. What I'm actually trying to decide is if the toy language I've just designed could be used as a general-purpose language. I know I can prove it is if I can write a Turing machine with it. But I don't want to go through that exercise until I'm fairly certain of success. Is there a minimum set of features without which Turing Completeness is impossible? Is there a set of features which virtually guarantees completeness? (My guess is that conditional branching and a readable/writeable memory store will get me most of the way there) EDIT: I think I've gone off on a tangent by saying "Turing Complete". I'm trying to guess with reasonable confidence that a newly invented language with a certain feature set (or alternately, a VM with a certain instruction set) would be able to compute anything worth computing. I know proving you can building a Turing machine with it is one way, but not the only way. What I was hoping for was a set of guidelines like: "if it can do X,Y,and Z, it can probably do anything".

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• Performance of Java matrix math libraries?

  - by dfrankow

  We are computing something whose runtime is bound by matrix operations. (Some details below if interested.) This experience prompted the following question: Do folk have experience with the performance of Java libraries for matrix math (e.g., multiply, inverse, etc.)? For example: JAMA: http://math.nist.gov/javanumerics/jama/ COLT: http://acs.lbl.gov/~hoschek/colt/ Apache commons math: http://commons.apache.org/math/ I searched and found nothing. Details of our speed comparison: We are using Intel FORTRAN (ifort (IFORT) 10.1 20070913). We have reimplemented it in Java (1.6) using Apache commons math 1.2 matrix ops, and it agrees to all of its digits of accuracy. (We have reasons for wanting it in Java.) (Java doubles, Fortran real*8). Fortran: 6 minutes, Java 33 minutes, same machine. jvisualm profiling shows much time spent in RealMatrixImpl.{getEntry,isValidCoordinate} (which appear to be gone in unreleased Apache commons math 2.0, but 2.0 is no faster). Fortran is using Atlas BLAS routines (dpotrf, etc.). Obviously this could depend on our code in each language, but we believe most of the time is in equivalent matrix operations. In several other computations that do not involve libraries, Java has not been much slower, and sometimes much faster.

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• 1k of Program Space, 64 bytes of RAM. Is assembly an absolute must?

  - by Earlz

  (If your lazy see bottom for TL;DR) Hello, I am planning to build a new (prototype) project dealing with physical computing. Basically, I have wires. These wires all need to have their voltage read at the same time. More than a few hundred microseconds difference between the readings of each wire will completely screw it up. The Arduino takes about 114 microseconds. So the most I could read is 2 or 3 wires before the latency would skew the accuracy of the readings. So my plan is to have an Arduino as the "master" of an array of ATTinys. The arduino is pretty cramped for space, but it's a massive playground compared to the tinys. An ATTiny13A has 1k of flash ROM(program space), 64 bytes of RAM, and 64 bytes of (not-durable and slow) EEPROM. (I'm choosing this for price as well as size) The ATTinys in my system will not do much. Basically, all they will do is wait for a signal from the Master, and then read the voltage of 1 or 2 wires and store it in RAM(or possibly EEPROM if it's that cramped). And then send it to the Master using only 1 wire for data.(no room for more than that!). So far then, all I should have to do is implement trivial voltage reading code (using built in ADC). But this communication bit I'm worried about. Do you think a communication protocol(using just 1 wire!) could even be implemented in such constraints? TL;DR: In less than 1k of program space and 64 bytes of RAM(and 64 bytes of EEPROM) do you think it is possible to implement a 1 wire communication protocol? Would I need to drop to assembly to make it fit? I know that currently my Arduino programs linking to the Wiring library are over 8k, so I'm a bit concerned.

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• tips for fixing bad coding/dev habits ?

  - by dfafa

  i want to become a better coder....so i have decided to sign up for computing science program...maybe a formal education can assist me. i started working on smaller projects to learn but currently i have really bad coding/dev habits which is hindering my productivity as the codebase increases.... i have highlighted them and perhaps someone could make suggestions (or redirect to resources) or a more efficient method. most stuff that i made in the past were web apps. i usually develop with putty + nano...i just love the minimalist feel i use winscp and develop directly on my private web server...too lazy to do it on localhost and upload it later. i dont use subversion control...which one do i need ? sometimes ctrl +z doesn't work well. when i run out of ideas for naming variable, i use swear words instead. i swear a lot when i get stuck....how to deal with anger issue ? my codes look ugly with comments everywhere. would rather use procedural coding finds "thinking" in OO difficult and time consuming i "write first think later". refactors code only if i am getting paid for it. dislikes configuring linux distro, Apache, MySQL, scaling, designing graphics and layouts. does not like writing tests likes working alone. does not like sharing codes. has an econ degree dislikes reading other people's code would rather write it on my own it seems my only true desire is to translate my ideas to a working prototype as fast as possible....it seems like i am very uninterested in the other details...could it be that i am not cut out to be a coder after all ? is going back to study comp sci a bad idea ?

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• Calculate an Internet (aka IP, aka RFC791) checksum in C#

  - by Pat

  Interestingly, I can find implementations for the Internet Checksum in almost every language except C#. Does anyone have an implementation to share? Remember, the internet protocol specifies that: "The checksum field is the 16 bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of all 16 bit words in the header. For purposes of computing the checksum, the value of the checksum field is zero." More explanation can be found from Dr. Math. There are some efficiency pointers available, but that's not really a large concern for me at this point. Please include your tests! (Edit: Valid comment regarding testing someone else's code - but I am going off of the protocol and don't have test vectors of my own and would rather unit test it than put into production to see if it matches what is currently being used! ;-) Edit: Here are some unit tests that I came up with. They test an extension method which iterates through the entire byte collection. Please comment if you find fault in the tests. [TestMethod()] public void InternetChecksum_SimplestValidValue_ShouldMatch() { IEnumerable<byte> value = new byte[1]; // should work for any-length array of zeros ushort expected = 0xFFFF; ushort actual = value.InternetChecksum(); Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual); } [TestMethod()] public void InternetChecksum_ValidSingleByteExtreme_ShouldMatch() { IEnumerable<byte> value = new byte[]{0xFF}; ushort expected = 0xFF; ushort actual = value.InternetChecksum(); Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual); } [TestMethod()] public void InternetChecksum_ValidMultiByteExtrema_ShouldMatch() { IEnumerable<byte> value = new byte[] { 0x00, 0xFF }; ushort expected = 0xFF00; ushort actual = value.InternetChecksum(); Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual); }

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• Using game of life or other virtual environment for artificial (intelligence) life simulation? [clos

  - by Berlin Brown

  One of my interests in AI focuses not so much on data but more on biologic computing. This includes neural networks, mapping the brain, cellular-automata, virtual life and environments. Described below is an exciting project that includes develop a virtual environment for bots to evolve in. "Polyworld is a cross-platform (Linux, Mac OS X) program written by Larry Yaeger to evolve Artificial Intelligence through natural selection and evolutionary algorithms." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyworld " Polyworld is a promising project for studying virtual life but it still is far from creating an "intelligent autonomous" agent. Here is my question, in theory, what parameters would you use create an AI environment? Possibly a brain environment? Possibly multiple self contained life organisms that have their own "brain" or life structures. I would like a create a spin on the game of life simulation. What if you have a 64x64 game of life grid. But instead of one grid, you might have N number of grids. The N number of grids are your "life force" If all of the game of life entities die in a particular grid then that entire grid dies. A group of "grids" makes up a life form. I don't have an immediate goal. First, I want to simulate an environment and visualize what is going on in the environment with OpenGL and see if there are any interesting properties to the environment. I then want to add "scarce resources" and see if the AI environment can manage resources adequately.

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• how would you like computer science classes to be taught?

  - by aaa

  hello I am a graduate student now, and hopefully someday I will teach. my interests are C++, Python, embedded languages, and scientific computing. Meanwhile I daydream about how I would teach. I was not quite happy with my undergraduate university as I found many computer science classes lacking. so I would like to ask you, if you were a student, how would you like your computer science classes to be taught? I understand it is a very subjective question, but nevertheless I think it's important to know what people want. Some specific points I am interested in: should computer languages be taught explicitly, or should students be required to pick up language on their own? what is better for learning, tests, projects, some sort of take-home exam? how do you think classtime should be used? theory, introduction, explanations, etc.? do you think the group projects are important? how much about computer architecture do you want to learn in computer science class, not necessarily assembler class. should particular operating system/editor be mandated or encouraged? Thanks thank you for your comments. Question has been closed because it is a discussion question rather than Q&A. If you know appropriate website for discussions of such sort with low noise ratio, please let me know.

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• 1k of Program Space, 64 bytes of RAM. Is 1 wire communication possible?

  - by Earlz

  (If your lazy see bottom for TL;DR) Hello, I am planning to build a new (prototype) project dealing with physical computing. Basically, I have wires. These wires all need to have their voltage read at the same time. More than a few hundred microseconds difference between the readings of each wire will completely screw it up. The Arduino takes about 114 microseconds. So the most I could read is 2 or 3 wires before the latency would skew the accuracy of the readings. So my plan is to have an Arduino as the "master" of an array of ATTinys. The arduino is pretty cramped for space, but it's a massive playground compared to the tinys. An ATTiny13A has 1k of flash ROM(program space), 64 bytes of RAM, and 64 bytes of (not-durable and slow) EEPROM. (I'm choosing this for price as well as size) The ATTinys in my system will not do much. Basically, all they will do is wait for a signal from the Master, and then read the voltage of 1 or 2 wires and store it in RAM(or possibly EEPROM if it's that cramped). And then send it to the Master using only 1 wire for data.(no room for more than that!). So far then, all I should have to do is implement trivial voltage reading code (using built in ADC). But this communication bit I'm worried about. Do you think a communication protocol(using just 1 wire!) could even be implemented in such constraints? TL;DR: In less than 1k of program space and 64 bytes of RAM(and 64 bytes of EEPROM) do you think it is possible to implement a 1 wire communication protocol? Would I need to drop to assembly to make it fit? I know that currently my Arduino programs linking to the Wiring library are over 8k, so I'm a bit concerned.

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• Building Paypal based membership website - total noob - would appreciate help

  - by Ali

  this is a follow up on my question on paypal integration. I'm working ona membership site for racing fans. My membership site has 3 membership levels - free, gold and premium. When a user signs up he/she can gets a free membership on the spot but has the option to upgrade to a gold membership for 4 Dollars a month or a premium membership for 10 Dollars a month. I've gone through the paypal integration guide a few times though and have a vague understanding of how to get this to work. I think the recurring payments option would be fine enough - however I don't know how do I implement this in my system. Like when a user decides to go for a paid account i.e. Gold or premium from basic - what should I do on both my code side and on the paypal account side - I'd really appreciate if anyone would outline what I'd have to do here. Plus when a user decides to upgrade from lets say a Gold to a premium account - there is the issue of computing how much should be charged to upgrade his/her account eg: a user has been billed for 4 dollars and the next day opts to go for a premium account so assuming that the surplus for the rest of the month is 5 dollars and further from that all payments would be recurring 10 dollars monthly - how do I implement this? And in case a user decides to downgrade from a premium account of 10 dollars a month to a gold account of 4 dollars a month - how do I handle the surplus which would have to be refunded for that month alone and changing the membership? And like wise if someone wishes to cancel membership and go to having a free account - how do I refund whatever is owed and cancel the subscription. I'm sorry if it sounds like I'm asking to be spoon fed :( I'm quite new to this and this is for a client and I would really appreciate all the help here and really have to get this working right. Thanks again everyone - waiting for all your replies.

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• Magic function `bash ` not found

  - by inspectorG4dget

  I have a bunch of simulations that I want to run on a high-performance cluster, on which I should make reservations to get computing time. Since the reservations are bounded by time, I am developing an automation script that I can scp into the cluster and run. This script will then download the relevant simulation files, run them, and upload the results. Part of this automation script is in bash (cp, scp, etc) and the rest is in python. In order to develop this automation, I am using an IPython notebook. So far, I've coded all the python automation stuff in my IPython notebook and am trying to write the bash part of it now. However, it seems that the magic %%bash doesn't work in my IPython notebook. I get the following error when I have this code in my cell: Cell %%bash echo hi Error File "<ipython-input-22-62ec98e35224>", line 3 echo hi ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax On a whim, I tried this: Cell %%bash print "hi" Error hi ERROR: Magic function `bash` not found. So I tried this with %%system, %%! and %%shell. But none of those work; they all give me the same error. Why is this happening? How can I fix this? Metadata: IPython 0.13.dev Python 2.7.1 Mac OS X Lion

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• Performing calculations by subsets of data in R

  - by Vivi

  I want to perform calculations for each company number in the column PERMNO of my data frame, the summary of which can be seen here: > summary(companydataRETS) PERMNO RET Min. :10000 Min. :-0.971698 1st Qu.:32716 1st Qu.:-0.011905 Median :61735 Median : 0.000000 Mean :56788 Mean : 0.000799 3rd Qu.:80280 3rd Qu.: 0.010989 Max. :93436 Max. :19.000000 My solution so far was to create a variable with all possible company numbers compns <- companydataRETS[!duplicated(companydataRETS[,"PERMNO"]),"PERMNO"] And then use a foreach loop using parallel computing which calls my function get.rho() which in turn perform the desired calculations rhos <- foreach (i=1:length(compns), .combine=rbind) %dopar% get.rho(subset(companydataRETS[,"RET"],companydataRETS$PERMNO == compns[i])) I tested it for a subset of my data and it all works. The problem is that I have 72 million observations, and even after leaving the computer working overnight, it still didn't finish. I am new in R, so I imagine my code structure can be improved upon and there is a better (quicker, less computationally intensive) way to perform this same task (perhaps using apply or with, both of which I don't understand). Any suggestions?

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• Natural problems to solve using closures

  - by m.u.sheikh

  I have read quite a few articles on closures, and, embarassingly enough, I still don't understand this concept! Articles explain how to create a closure with a few examples, but I don't see any point in paying much attention to them, as they largely look contrived examples. I am not saying all of them are contrived, just that the ones I found looked contrived, and I dint see how even after understanding them, I will be able to use them. So in order to understand closures, I am looking at a few real problems, that can be solved very naturally using closures. For instance, a natural way to explain recursion to a person could be to explain the computation of n!. It is very natural to understand a problem like computing the factorial of a number using recursion. Similarly, it is almost a no-brainer to find an element in an unsorted array by reading each element, and comparing with the number in question. Also, at a different level, doing Object-oriented programming also makes sense. So I am trying to find a number of problems that could be solved with or without closures, but using closures makes thinking about them and solving them easier. Also, there are two types to closures, where each call to a closure can create a copy of the environment variables, or reference the same variables. So what sort of problems can be solved more naturally in which of the closure implementations?

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• What can I read from the iPad Camera Connection Kit?

  - by HELVETICADE

  I'm building a small controller device that I'd like to partner with a computer. I've settled on using OSC out from my custom built hardware and am pretty satisfied with what I can get from WOscLib. Two goals I'd like to achieve are portability and a very ratio between battery:computing power, and this has lured me towards using iPhoneOS to accomplish my goals. I think the iPad would suit my needs perfectly, except that using wifi to broadcast OSC out from my device requires a third device and would destroy the goal of portability, whilst also introducing potential latency and stability headaches. My question is pretty simple: Can I push my OSC-out FROM my controller TO an iPad via USB and the Camera Connection Kit? If I could accomplish this, the two major goals of my project would be fulfilled very nicely. This seems like it should be a simple little question, but researching this obsessively over the past few weeks has left me more almost more uncertain than if I had done no research at all. I'd really like some more confidence before I go down this route, and it seems like it should be possible. Any insight would be very, very appreciated.

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• How should I progressively enhance this content with JavaScript?

  - by Sean Dunwoody

  The background to this problem is that I'm doing a computing project which involves Some drop down boxes for input, and a text input where the user can input a date. I've used YUI to enhance the form, so the calendar input uses the YUI calendar widget and the drop down list is converted into a horizontal list of inputs where the user only has to click once to select any input as opposed to two clicks with the drop down box (hope that makes sense, not sure how to explain it clearly) The problem is, that in the design section of my project I stated that I would follow the progressive enhancement principles. I am struggling however to ensure that users without JavaScript are able to view the drop down box / text input on said page. This is not because I do not necessarily know how, but the two methods I've tried seem unsatisfactory. Method 1 - I tried using YUI to hide the text box and drop down list, this seemed like the ideal solution however there was quite a noticeable lag when loading the page (especially for the first time), the text box and drop down list where visibile for at least a second. I included the script for this just before the end of the body tag, is there any way that I can run it onload with YUI? Would that help? Method 2 - Use the noscript tag . . . however I am loathed to do this as while it would be a simple solution, I have read various bad things about the noscript tag. Is there a way of making mehtod one work? Or is there a better way of doing this that I am yet to encounter?

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• What should be taught in a "Fundamentals of programming" course at university?

  - by Dervin Thunk

  I have started a new question (see here), because I think the topic is of importance in a more general form. The question is now: If you were a professor at a Computer Science Dept. in some university, what would make it into your course? This is a programming course, second term, first year computer science/computer engineering. Remember you have a limited amount of time, and students are of different levels of competence, and some may be scientists, but some will also go on to be programmers in companies of different kinds. You have to cater to all. Bonus: What language? (Although see this question for my current thoughts about this...) Maybe you want to attach a course outline from some university? See here for an even more general question about this. Answer: I can't really summarize this post... I guess it was too subjective. However, it looks like we have to cover the history of computing up to a certain extent, computer architecture (memory, registers, whatever), C, and finally some basic algos and data structures in a problem solving fashion. This will be the bare bones of the course. Thanks all. I will accept the most voted up answer to close the thread, as it should be done.

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• Neural Networks or Human-computer interaction

  - by Shahin

  I will be entering my third year of university in my next academic year, once I've finished my placement year as a web developer, and I would like to hear some opinions on the two modules in the Title. I'm interested in both, however I want to pick one that will be relevant to my career and that I can apply to systems I develop. I'm doing an Internet Computing degree, it covers web development, networking, database work and programming. Though I have had myself set on becoming a web developer I'm not so sure about that any more so am trying not to limit myself to that area of development. I know HCI would help me as a web developer, but do you think it's worth it? Do you think Neural Network knowledge could help me realistically in a system I write in the future? Thanks. EDIT: Hi guys, I thought it would be useful to follow-up with what I decided to do and how it's worked out. I picked Artificial Neural Networks over HCI, and I've really enjoyed it. Having a peek into cognitive science and machine learning has ignited my interest for the subject area, and I will be hoping to take on a postgraduate project a few years from now when I can afford it. I have got a job which I am starting after my final exams (which are in a few days) and I was indeed asked if I had done a module in HCI or similar. It didn't seem to matter, as it isn't a front-end developer position! I would recommend taking the module if you have it as an option, as well as any module consisting of biological computation, it will open up more doors should you want to go onto postgraduate research in the future. Thanks again, Shahin

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