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• Cisco IOS BVI ACL: Only allow established UDP

  - by George Bailey

  Related: Cisco IOS ACL: Don't permit incoming connections just because they are from port 80 I know we can use the established keyword for TCP.. but what can we do for UDP (short of replacing a Bridge or BVI with a NAT)? Answer I found out what "UDP has no connection" means. DNS uses UDP for example.. named (DNS server) is lisenting on port 53 nslookup (DNS client) starts listening on some random port and sends a packet to port 53 of the server and notes the source port in that packet. nslookup will retry 3 times if necessary. Also the packets are so small that it does not have to worry about them coming in the wrong order. If nslookup receives a response on that port that comes from the servers IP and port then it stops listening. If the server tried to send two responses (for example a response and a response to the retry) then the server would not care if either of them made it because the client has the job to retry. In fact.. unless ICMP 3/3 packet gets through the server would not know about a failure. This is different from TCP where you get connection closed or timed out errors. DNS allows for an easy retry from the client as well as small packets.. so UDP is an excellent choice because it is more efficient. In UDP you would see nslookup sends request named sends answer In TCP you would see nslookup's machine sends SYN named's machine sends SYN-ACK nslookup's machine sends ACK and the request named's machine sends the response That is much more than is necessary for a tiny DNS packet

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• Combine multiple DNS filtering result

  - by Martheen Cahya Paulo

  Several DNS servers provide filtering against different categories, mostly for the local government 'undesirable content', some for malware, and some for ads. What I want is to create/use a DNS server that compare against those filtering DNS servers and only provide the address if all the DNS server agrees. For example if DNS server G provide a clean, unfiltered result, DNS server N provide malware and/or pornography filter, and DNS server F provide ad filter, then G, N and F will only provide the same/similar answer if the query is not categorized as malware, pornography, or advertising. Thus, by creating a server M that only answer if all DNS server agree, M effectively filter against all those categories. Maybe it's possible to do this on DDWRT or Tomato, but if not, I would settle for a solution that can be run in Linux/Windows.

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• Is the WAN IP of an ADSL modem likely to remain the same if it is not rebooted?

  - by Craig Johnston

  Is the WAN IP of an ADSL modem likely to remain the same if it is not rebooted? Is an ISP likely to change the WAN IP while the modem is in session?

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• How do I configure dual WAN links for failover on a Cisco 891?

  - by Donjo

  I have a Cisco 891 that is going to be connected to 2 WAN links, a DSL connection and a cable connection. I'm not so concerned with load balancing between them because the DSL connection speed is a drop in the bucket when compared to the cable speed though it would be nice if it worked that way. I mainly just want to force all traffic through the cable WAN link unless it goes down. I'm not really sure what feature set I should be researching.

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• What could be the cause of randomly getting “No route to host” errors when trying to ssh or sftp?

  - by Randell

  The computers are within the same network using WLAN. The error doesn't always show. Sometimes I can connect without a fuss, and sometimes the error shows.

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• How to get rid of NAT in a LAN?

  - by Alberto

  Currently the LAN I manage is organized as follows: internal network (192.168.1.0) which uses a Linux server as a gateway (internal address on interface br0 192.168.1.1, external address on interface br1 10.0.0.2) through NAT; then the 10.0.0.0 network has another gateway (10.0.0.1) which through another NAT connects the whole thing to the internet. What I would like to achieve is to configure the Linux server so that the first layer of NAT is no more necessary, so that for example a computer in the 10.0.0.0 network can ping every computer in the 192.168.1.0 network. I deleted this iptables rule: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o br1 -j SNAT --to-source 10.0.0.2, but of course now computers on 192.168.1.0 cannot reach the internet; ip forwarding is of course enabled. What's missing here? Thanks

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• NAT and ISP Subnet when load balancing on pfsense?

  - by dannymcc

  I have a pfsense box that I'm trying to plan the configuration for. I am going to be load balancing two ISP's, each with their own /29 static IP subnet. The question I have is in relation to the way those IP's are associated with workstations on the local network. Currently I have some workstations with local (192.168.1.0/29) IP addresses, and other more complicated workstation setups have their own public IP address. Some of the more complicated systems have a NAT 1:1 configuration where I forward a public IP address to a local IP address. Others however are directly on the ISP subnet and cannot be seen on our local network. Is this configuration possible with pfsense? If so, what terms should I be looking through the documentation for? Here is a simple/brief diagram of what I am trying to achieve.

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• What are the requirements for Windows Remote Assistance over Teredo?

  - by Jens

  I try to get the Windows 7 (or Vista) remote assistance feature to work, without using UPnP on the novices computer. After enabling Teredo on the expert's computer (that is in a corporate network, and therefore has teredo disabled by default), I tried to connect to the novice both using Easy Connect and the invitation file with no success. My triubleshooting included the following (so far). A connection to the novice from my home pc was successful, hinting at a misconfiguration on the experts side. Both computers have a "qualified" connection to the Teredo Server. Both computers have a valid Teredo IP, access to the Global_ PNRP cloud and can resolve names registered with PNRP on the other computer. The expert can resolve the PNRP Id automatically generated with an Easy Connect help request Both computers can ping the other's PNRP name. Both computers can ping the other's Teredo IP Address using ping -6 Now, I am a little stumped. I expected Remote Assistance to work at this point, since my corporate firewall has no Teredo filtering. What could RA cause not to work in this setting? Thanks in advance!

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• Routing Essentials

  - by zharvey

  I'm a programmer trying to fill a big hole in my understanding of networking basics. I've been reading a good book (Networking Bible by Sosinki) but I have been finding that there is a lot of "assumed" information contained, where terms/concepts are thrown at the reader without a proper introduction to them. I understand that a "route" is a path through a network. But I am struggling with visualizing some routing-based concepts. Namely: How do routes actually manifest themselves in the hardware? Are they just a list of IP addresses that get computed at the network layer, and then executed by the transport? What kind of data exists in a so-caleld routing table? Is a routing-table just the mechanism for holding these lists of IP address (read above)? What are the performance pros/cons for having a static route, as opposed to a dynamic route?

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• Technicolor TG582n with external DHCP server [on hold]

  - by Jack

  We have a small home setup with a Technicolor TG582n on Plusnet ISP. We have a Samba4 DC with DNS forwarding enabled. The DC forwards to the Technicolor. However, the client machines have their DNS settings manually set. This is an annoyance when using laptops on other networks. We would like to have DHCP handled on the server machine, such that when a client connects to the Technicolor, it gets its IP and DNS information from the DHCP server, eliminating the need to manually set adapter DNS settings. However, I cannot find an option to disable DHCP on the Technicolor and am not completely clear on how one would point DHCP services to the server from the Technicolor if there were the option. So, how would one make the Technicolor use an external server for DHCP leases?

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• how to separate a network for traffic

  - by Student_CVO

  At the moment our all computers in one big LAN, it is the intention to separate the admin and edu (it's in a school) especially for traffic and less for security. How do this best? I have a drawing, but can't post it (a can send it in a mail) Firewall?, VLAN?, IPCop (no two green zones)?, pfsense? ... Should there be two scopes on the dhcp server (WIN 2008 R2), one for admin and one for edu or is one scope enough? I would like your advice, I am a student in training with this task as a project. Thanks

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• Setup VPN network for PS3

  - by L Franco

  Getting informed on setting up a home network so i can use VPN on my PS3, i live in Mexico but want the programming available in the US. Getting a little confused as every sites gives you different options, both in hardware and software. specially on subjects like dd-wrt, dns or vpn options... i know there is no "best" setup, but are there any tried and true?? Options in hardware and software would be apreciated...

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• Is the WAP IP of an ADSL modem likely to remain the same if it is not rebooted?

  - by Craig Johnston

  Is the WAP IP of an ADSL modem likely to remain the same if it is not rebooted? Is an ISP likely to change the WAN IP while the modem is in session?

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• Privacy, VPN and routers

  - by user123189

  Ever since this ACTA push-up the things are starting to heat up around torrents and privacy. I am using Tribler now, but this is not secure enough for me. Not enough privacy. I've been using in the past a swedish VPN PPTP connection. What I observed is that, when the VPN connection was down, Internet traffic wasn't cut off, rather the downloads were continuing, this time with my real IP, wearing off my protection. 1st : How to enforce a VPN connection that will cut all traffic when down? That is, the moment the connection is down, all internet traffic should cease as if I'd pull the network plug out. 2nd: Is PPTP good enough or should I ask for SSTP or IKEV2 ? 3rd: Should I disable IPv6 ? Is VPN no longer private if I keep IPv6 active? I 'heard some stuff' about dual vpn routers to be able to improve privacy; but nothing more about how to configure one for such a task. 4th: Is there any kind of "black box" hardware equipment that can be used in hiding IP, encrypting traffic and so on ?

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• Using IP Tables to deny packet patterns?

  - by Chris

  I'm not experienced with IP tables but it's something I'll be looking into if this is plausible. I'm looking to set up a system to inspect packets and look for a pattern similar to korek's chop chop attack. Is there a way to set up the IP tables to defend against this attack? Thanks

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• Accessing shared resource on local computer from users of different physical location

  - by Joe

  Sounds like easy task to some but such a difficult task for me to do... The main requirement for this task is to setup something in offices located on different locations, so (1st question) users are able to log on to the domain without VPN when they are in one of the offices. Additionally, (2nd question)how they can log on to the domain server when they are on the road like in a starbuck, what do they have to do to connect to domain after VPN connection are successful. also it's my understanding that, we can't share resource from computers on different network segments, (3rd question)what is the best solution to bridge/combine two network segments(two office in different locations) so computers of different location can see each other. Thank you in advance for any response.

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• 10 System LAN latency with ADSL modem as gateway

  - by itsoft3g

  Recently I expanded LAN in my office from 3 to 10 computers. Structure star topology, one ADSL Modem connected to One Switch which is again connected to 10 computers. Also we have Wifi device Netgear which is connected from switch. ADSL Modem acts as the DHCP Server, all the system will have default gateway IP (ADSL Modem's IP) Network latency is now become very high, All the chat severs disconnect often like google talk, skype etc, also internet become very very slow. when all the computer turned on. We have 4 Mbps Download and 100 Kbps upload Net speed. Its look like ADSL Modem cannot able to handle all the connections. I tried to setup a system as default gateway which will connect to modem, not sure how to do this. Please advice on this.

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• Restrict Computer or Users from Internet but allow access to intranet and Windows Update / ePO?

  - by MoSiAc

  So this may be impossible but I've been asked to try and find something about it. So far nothing I have found is possible. I need to restrict specific machines or user accounts from regular Internet access but let them have access to the intranet portion of our network. I do not have Active Directory control, nor does anyone at my local workplace (corporate control in a different state). I have tried going through IPsec and doing this per local machine, but that system seems to have been removed from the images that are installed on these machines so that is out. So far the only other option I can think of is assigning the machines a specific ip address and removing their gateway access. This would probably work but the machines need to be able to receive updates that are being pushed to them through ePO and LanDesk. I would really like to do this on the user level because then if I need to do tech work to the machine and need internet access I can get to it but a "special" user could login and not be able to get into anything.

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• Cisco redundancy modes

  - by user974896

  I am using a Cisco 6500 series with an SSO redundancy configuration. The show redundancy output is as follows: Hardware Mode = Duplex Configured Redundancy Mode = sso Operating Redundancy Mode = rpr Maintenance Mode = Disabled Communications = Up I would assume the device is operating in RPR mode although SSO is configured. What could cause this? Shouldn't the operating mode be SSO? EDIT (show redundancy states): my state = 13 -ACTIVE peer state = 4 -STANDBY COLD Mode = Duplex Unit = Primary Unit ID = 5 Redundancy Mode (Operational) = rpr Redundancy Mode (Configured) = sso Redundancy State = rpr Split Mode = Disabled Manual Swact = Enabled Communications = Up client count = 60 client_notification_TMR = 30000 milliseconds keep_alive TMR = 9000 milliseconds keep_alive count = 1 keep_alive threshold = 18 RF debug mask = 0x0

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• NAT Policy Inbound Source Problem on SonicWall TZ-210 with Multiple DSL Lines

  - by HK1

  We recently added three more DSL connections to our SonicWall TZ-210. My NAT Policies work fine as long as I leave them set with an inbound interface of X1, which hosts our original DSL connection. However, I'd like to change some of the NAT Policies to use inbound source/interface X2, X3, X4 or Any. In my initial tests, when I change one of the policies to use an inbound interface of X2, that port forward policy does not work at all. Traffic never makes it to the internal destination. What could be the problem?

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• SSH to remote host (edgemarc 4200 or 4500 series routers) and pull arp data

  - by MaQleod

  I've been trying to think of a method to do this for days, but have not come up with anything yet. Ideally, this is what I'm looking to do: From a windows XP machine, I need to open an SSH connection to a remote host, send the arp command, and pull the text results of the command back for use on the client. I will need to parse this data and preferably produce a 2D array of IPs and MAC addresses. There will be no shared keys, this is all done with a username and password that will always be different, they will need to be fed into the command via variables that will be pulled from a database using an autoit script based on the WAN ip of the remote host. Now the actual parsing of the data and creation of the array will be easy if I can just get the text of the arp table. Is there any way to ssh to a remote host, run a command and return the data from that command to the client in a batch script or perl script (it is ok if it writes the text to a file, I can read it out of the file later, I just need it to get to the client)?

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• Ethernet 802.1x client -> WiFi AP on a Raspberry Pi?

  - by Martin Janiczek

  I have an Ethernet connection that requires 802.1x authentication (TTLS, MSCHAPv2, name+password). My goal is to connect that to something that would then act as an WiFi AP, so I can use the connection on more devices (iPhone, notebook, etc.) Would it be possible/good idea to use Raspberry Pi for this purpose? Or are there better-suited devices to do this? EDIT: found some alternatives but because of low rep can't post more than two links... OpenWRT + wpa_supplicant guide Carambola - works with OpenWRT (but probably not standalone?) Hornet-UB - works with OpenWRT Asus RT-N10+ + OpenWRT how-to

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• Broadband Traffic Question

  - by rutherford

  I have a broadband ADSL line with plus.net in the UK. Having checked the modem there is no firewall or any weird features enabled. But since I arrived at the apartment (the broadband already being installed), I cannot log into Twitter nor update any of my wordpress blogs (I can browse them and log in, but cannot save any edits or new posts). It only seems to affect these two sites in their unique ways. If I take the netbook I use in this place out to say a McDonalds or some other wifi access point then these sites work fine again. Anyone know what could possibly be preventing access of the pages in question? The only thing common to these pages are the POST response they are expecting. But POST form submission works fine on other sites...

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• Routing using Linux with 2 NIC cards

  - by Kevin Parker

  Configured Clear OS to be in Gateway mode on a machine with two NIC cards. eth0:192.168.2.0/24 with ip 192.168.2.27 which is connected to a modem and thus have internet connectivity. eth1:192.168.122.0/24 with ip 192.168.122.10 which is connected to other machines in LAN through switch. LAN machines with network 192.168.122.0 is not getting internet.How can they get internet Through Clear OS gateway.I have enabled packet forwarding in clear os using "ip_forward=1" What am i missing?.Can you please help me in this. Following are the static routing i have added: on LAN machine1 with ip address 192.168.122.11 ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.122.10 dev eth0 ip route show 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.122.10 dev eth0 192.168.122.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.11 But still 192.168.2.0/24 network is not reachable.Where can be the problem??

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• internet speed and routers are controlled by whom

  - by Ozgun Sunal

  i need to learn two things. each is related to other a bit. The first one is, while our LAN speed is usually 100 Mbps or at gigabit levels(very big compared to WAN speeds), WAN speed for instance DSL connections are far less than this. However, we are able to download huge files at those Mb speeds. Isn't this weird? [my real concern is why WAN speed is lower than LAN speeds] Who controls those routers around the large Internet? (while we, as web clients are connected to Internet, packets travel through those routers to the destination network/s).But, are those routers all inside the ISP network and if not, who controls those large numbers of routers?

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