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  • Scheme Depth-first search of a graph function

    - by John Retallack
    This is a homework question,I'm trying to do a Depth-first search function in Scheme,Here's the code I've written so far: (define explore (?(node visited) (let* ([neighbors (force (cdr node))] [next (nextNode visited neighbors)] [is-visited (member? node visited)]) (cond ;if I have no unvisited neighbours print current node and go up one level [(equal? next #f) (begin (display (car node)) (display " "))] ;if current node is not visited and I have unvisited neighbors ;print current node,mark as visited and visit it's neighbors [(and (equal? is-visited #f) (not (equal? next #f))) (begin (display (car node)) (display " ") (explore next (cons node visited)))]) ;go and visit the next neighbor (if (not (equal? (nextNode (cons next visited) neighbors) #f )) (explore (nextNode (cons next visited) neighbors) (cons node visited)))))) 'node' is the current node 'visited' is a list in witch I keep track of the nodes I visited 'nextNode' is a function that returns the first unvisited neighbor if any or #f otherwise 'member?' test's if a node is in the visited list The Graph representation is using adjacent made using references to nodes with letrec so that's why I use force in 'neighbors': Eg: (letrec ([node1 (list "NY" (delay (list node2 node3)))],where node2 and node3 are defined as node1 The problem witch I'm dealing with is that my visited lists looses track of some of the nodes I visited when I come out of recursion,How can I fix this ?

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  • FIlling a Java Bean tree structure from a csv flat file

    - by Clem
    Hi, I'm currently trying to construct a list of bean classes in Java from a flat description file formatted in csv. Concretely : Here is the structure of the csv file : MES_ID;GRP_PARENT_ID;GRP_ID;ATTR_ID M1 ; ;G1 ;A1 M1 ; ;G1 ;A2 M1 ;G1 ;G2 ;A3 M1 ;G1 ;G2 ;A4 M1 ;G2 ;G3 ;A5 M1 ; ;G4 ;A6 M1 ; ;G4 ;A7 M1 ; ;G4 ;A8 M2 ; ;G1 ;A1 M2 ; ;G1 ;A2 M2 ; ;G2 ;A3 M2 ; ;G2 ;A4 It corresponds to the hierarchical data structure : M1 ---G1 ------A1 ------A2 ------G2 ---------A3 ---------A4 ---------G3 ------------A5 ------G4 ---------A7 ---------A8 M2 ---G1 ------A1 ------A2 ---G2 ------A3 ------A4 Remarks : A message M can have an infinite number of groups G and attributes A A group G can have an infinite number of attributes and an infinite number of under-groups each of them having under-groups too That beeing said, I'm trying to read this flat csv decription to store it in this structure of beans : Map<String, MBean> messages = new HashMap<String, Mbean>(); == public class MBean { private String mes_id; private Map<String, GBean> groups; } public class GBean { private String grp_id; private Map<String, ABean> attributes; private Map<String, GBean> underGroups; } public class ABean { private String attr_id; } Reading the csv file sequentially is ok and I've been investigating how to use recursion to store the description data, but couldn't find a way. Thanks in advance for any of your algorithmic ideas. I hope it will put you in the mood of thinking about this ... I've to admit that I'm out of ideas :s

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  • Regex For Finding Ctypes with Int32

    - by Stefan H
    (Hey all, I am looking for a little regex help... I am trying to find all CType(expression,Int32) s and replace them with CInt(expression) This, however, is proving quite difficult, considering there could be a nested Ctype(expression, Int32) within the regex match. Does anyone have any ideas for how to best go about doing this? Here is what I have now: Dim str As String = "CType((original.Width * CType((targetSize / CType(original.Height, Single)), Single)), Int32)" Dim exp As New Regex("CType\((.+), Int32\)") str = exp.Replace(str, "CInt($1)") But this will match the entire string and replace it. I was thinking of doing a recursive function to find the outer most match, and then work inwards, but that still presents a problem with things like CType(replaceChars(I), Int32)), Chr(CType(replacementChars(I), Int32) Any tips would be appreciated. Input returnString.Replace(Chr(CType(replaceChars(I), Int32)), Chr(CType(replacementChars(I), Int32))) Output: returnString.Replace(Chr(CInt(replaceChars(I))),Chr(CInt(replacementChars(I)))) Edit: Been working on it a little more and have a recursive function that I'm still working out the kinks in. Recursion + regex. it kinda hurts. Private Function FindReplaceCInts(ByVal strAs As String) As String System.Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Testing : {0}", strAs)) Dim exp As New Regex("CType\((.+), Int32\)") If exp.Match(strAs).Success Then For Each match As Match In exp.Matches(strAs) If exp.Match(match.Value.Substring(2)).Success Then Dim replaceT As String = match.Value.Substring(2) Dim Witht As String = FindReplaceCInts(match.Value.Substring(2)) System.Console.WriteLine(strAs.IndexOf(replaceT)) strAs.Replace(replaceT, Witht) End If Next strAs = exp.Replace(strAs, "CInt($1)") End If Return strAs End Function Cheers,

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  • Which languages support *recursive* function literals / anonymous functions?

    - by Hugh Allen
    It seems quite a few mainstream languages support function literals these days. They are also called anonymous functions, but I don't care if they have a name. The important thing is that a function literal is an expression which yields a function which hasn't already been defined elsewhere, so for example in C, &printf doesn't count. EDIT to add: if you have a genuine function literal expression <exp>, you should be able to pass it to a function f(<exp>) or immediately apply it to an argument, ie. <exp>(5). I'm curious which languages let you write function literals which are recursive. Wikipedia's "anonymous recursion" article doesn't give any programming examples. Let's use the recursive factorial function as the example. Here are the ones I know: JavaScript / ECMAScript can do it with callee: function(n){if (n<2) {return 1;} else {return n * arguments.callee(n-1);}} it's easy in languages with letrec, eg Haskell (which calls it let): let fac x = if x<2 then 1 else fac (x-1) * x in fac and there are equivalents in Lisp and Scheme. Note that the binding of fac is local to the expression, so the whole expression is in fact an anonymous function. Are there any others?

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  • Returning recursive ternary freaks out

    - by David Titarenco
    Hi, assume this following function: int binaryTree::findHeight(node *n) { if (n == NULL) { return 0; } else { return 1 + max(findHeight(n->left), findHeight(n->right)); } } Pretty standard recursive treeHeight function for a given binary search tree binaryTree. Now, I was helping a friend (he's taking an algorithms course), and I ran into some weird issue with this function that I couldn't 100% explain to him. With max being defined as max(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b)) (which happens to be the max definition in windef.h), the recursive function freaks out (it runs something like n^n times where n is the tree height). This obviously makes checking the height of a tree with 3000 elements take very, very long. However, if max is defined via templating, like std does it, everything is okay. So using std::max fixed his problem. I just want to know why. Also, why does the countLeaves function work fine, using the same programmatic recursion? int binaryTree::countLeaves(node *n) { if (n == NULL) { return 0; } else if (n->left == NULL && n->right == NULL) { return 1; } else { return countLeaves(n->left) + countLeaves(n->right); } } Is it because in returning the ternary function, the values a => countLeaves(n->left) and b => countLeaves(n->right) were recursively double called simply because they were the resultants? Thank you!

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  • PHP: Recursively get children of parent

    - by Nic Hubbard
    I have a function which gets the ids of all children of a parent from my DB. So, if I looked up id 7, it might return an array with 5, 6 and 10. What I then want to do, is recursively find the children of those returned ids, and so on, to the final depth of the children. I have tried to write a function to do this, but I am getting confused about recursion. function getChildren($parent_id) { $tree = Array(); $tree_string; if (!empty($parent_id)) { // getOneLevel() returns a one-dimentional array of child ids $tree = $this->getOneLevel($parent_id); foreach ($tree as $key => $val) { $ids = $this->getChildren($val); array_push($tree, $ids); //$tree[] = $this->getChildren($val); $tree_string .= implode(',', $tree); } return $tree_string; } else { return $tree; } }//end getChildren() After the function is run, I would like it to return a one-dimentional array of all the child ids that were found.

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  • Java: how to get all subdirs recursively?

    - by HH
    Before debugging the late-hour-out-of-bound-recursive-function: is there a command to get subdirs? giveMeSubDirs(downToPath)? // WARNING: RECURSION out of bound public HashSet<FileObject> getAllDirs(String path) { HashSet<FileObject> checkedDirs = new HashSet<FileObject>(); HashSet<FileObject> allDirs = new HashSet<FileObject>(); String startingPath = path; File fileThing = new File(path); FileObject fileObject = new FileObject(fileThing); for (FileObject dir : getDirsInDir(path)) { // SUBDIR while ( !checkedDirs.contains(dir) && !(getDirsInDir(dir.getFile().getParent()).size() == 0)) { // DO NOT CHECK TOP DIRS if any bottom dir UNCHECKED! while ( uncheckedDirsOnLevel(path, checkedDirs).size() > 0) { while (getDirsInDir(path).size() == 0 || (numberOfCheckedDirsOnLevel(path, checkedDirs)==getDirsInDir(path).size())) { allDirs.add(new FileObject(new File(path))); checkedDirs.add(new FileObject(new File(path))); if(traverseDownOneLevel(path) == startingPath ) return allDirs; //get nearer to the root path = traverseDownOneLevel(path); } path = giveAnUncheckedDir(path, checkedDirs); if ( path == "NoUnchecked.") { checkedDirs.add(new FileObject( (new File(path)).getParentFile() )); break; } } } } return allDirs; }

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  • How can I make this method more Scalalicious

    - by Neil Chambers
    I have a function that calculates the left and right node values for some collection of treeNodes given a simple node.id, node.parentId association. It's very simple and works well enough...but, well, I am wondering if there is a more idiomatic approach. Specifically is there a way to track the left/right values without using some externally tracked value but still keep the tasty recursion. /* * A tree node */ case class TreeNode(val id:String, val parentId: String){ var left: Int = 0 var right: Int = 0 } /* * a method to compute the left/right node values */ def walktree(node: TreeNode) = { /* * increment state for the inner function */ var c = 0 /* * A method to set the increment state */ def increment = { c+=1; c } // poo /* * the tasty inner method * treeNodes is a List[TreeNode] */ def walk(node: TreeNode): Unit = { node.left = increment /* * recurse on all direct descendants */ treeNodes filter( _.parentId == node.id) foreach (walk(_)) node.right = increment } walk(node) } walktree(someRootNode) Edit - The list of nodes is taken from a database. Pulling the nodes into a proper tree would take too much time. I am pulling a flat list into memory and all I have is an association via node id's as pertains to parents and children. Adding left/right node values allows me to get a snapshop of all children (and childrens children) with a single SQL query. The calculation needs to run very quickly in order to maintain data integrity should parent-child associations change (which they do very frequently). In addition to using the awesome Scala collections I've also boosted speed by using parallel processing for some pre/post filtering on the tree nodes. I wanted to find a more idiomatic way of tracking the left/right node values. After looking at the answers listed I have settled on this synthesised version: def walktree(node: TreeNode) = { def walk(node: TreeNode, counter: Int): Int = { node.left = counter node.right = treeNodes .filter( _.parentId == node.id) .foldLeft(counter+1) { (counter, curnode) => walk(curnode, counter) + 1 } node.right } walk(node,1) }

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  • Convert a nested array into a flat array with PHP

    - by Ben Fransen
    Hello all, I'm trying to create a generic database mapping class with PHP. Collecting the data through my functions is going well, but as expected I'm retrieving a nested set. A print_r of my received array looks like: Array ( [table] => Session [columns] => Array ( [0] => `Session`.`ID` AS `Session_ID` [1] => `Session`.`User` AS `Session_User` [2] => `Session`.`SessionID` AS `Session_SessionID` [3] => `Session`.`ExpiresAt` AS `Session_ExpiresAt` [4] => `Session`.`CreatedAt` AS `Session_CreatedAt` [5] => `Session`.`LastActivity` AS `Session_LastActivity` [6] => `Session`.`ClientIP` AS `Session_ClientIP` ) [0] => Array ( [table] => User [columns] => Array ( [0] => `User`.`ID` AS `User_ID` [1] => `User`.`UserName` AS `User_UserName` [2] => `User`.`Password` AS `User_Password` [3] => `User`.`FullName` AS `User_FullName` [4] => `User`.`Address` AS `User_Address` ) [0] => Array ( [table] => Address [columns] => Array ( [0] => `Address`.`ID` AS `Address_ID` [1] => `Address`.`UserID` AS `Address_UserID` [2] => `Address`.`Street` AS `Address_Street` [3] => `Address`.`City` AS `Address_City` ) ) ) ) To simplify things I want to recreate this nested array to a flat array so I can easily loop through it and use the 'columns' key to create my SELECT query. I'm kinda struggling with this for a while now and figures, maybe some users at SO can help me out here. I've tried multiple things with recursion, all without luck so far... Any help is much appriciated! Thanks in advance, Ben Fransen

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  • Traversing through an arbitrary dictionary tree structure in C#

    - by Rudism
    I am trying to write a recursive C# function that will operate on generic dictionaries of the form IDictionary<string, T> where T is either another IDictionary<string, T> or a string. My first failed attempt looked something like this: public string HandleDict(IDictionary<string, string> dict){ // handle the leaf-node here } public string HandleDict<T>(IDictionary<string, IDictionary<string, T>> dict){ // loop through children foreach(string key in dict.Keys){ HandleDict(dict[key]); } } I also tried variants of HandleDict<T>(IDictionary<string, T>) where T : IDictionary<string, T> but that also doesn't quite work. I know that what I want to do could be achieved through a custom class as the parameter instead of dictionaries, and that my attempts are conceptually flawed (there's no end to the recursion in the generic function). I would still like to know if there is actually a way to do what I want here using just generic IDictionaries.

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  • Stop an executing recursive javascript function

    - by DA
    Using jQuery, I've build an image/slide rotator. The basic setup is (in pseudocode): function setupUpSlide(SlideToStartWith){ var thisSlide = SlideToStartWith; ...set things up... fadeInSlide(thisSlide) } function fadeInSlide(thisSlide){ ...fade in this slide... fadeOutSlide(thisSlide) } function fadeOutSlide(thisSlide){ ...fade out this slide... setupUpSlide(nextSlide) } I call the first function and pass in a particular slide index, and then it does its thing calling chain of functions which then, in turn, calls the first function again passing in the next index. This then repeats infinitely (resetting the index when it gets to the last item). This works just fine. What I want to do now is allow someone to over-ride the slide show by being able to click on a particular slide number. Therefore, if slide #8 is showing and I click #3, I want the recursion to stop and then call the initial function passing in slide #3, which then, in turn, will start the process again. But I'm not sure how to go about that. How does one properly 'break' a recursive script. Should I create some sort of global 'watch' variable that if at any time is 'true' will return: false and allow the new function to execute?

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  • Java function changing input

    - by Doodle
    I would like to go from one number to another. For example if I started at 6 and my goal was 10 I want a function that on every pass would bring me from 6 towards 10 or if I had the number 14 and my goal was 9 it would count down from 14 towards 9.So far I have (this is written in Processing a Java Api but there is essentially no difference from regualr Java, draw is just a continuous loop) int x=100; void draw(){ x=towards(x,10); println(x); } int towards(int current ,int target){ if(current!=target){ if (current <target){ current=current+1; } else { current=current-1; } } return current; } this gives me the results I would like but I would like to have everything in side of the towards() function. When I replace X with a variable it of course resets it self to the static variable. To sum it up how can I pass a variable to a function and have that variable thats been passed change on every subsequent pass. I have looked into recursion as a solution but that of just brings me to a final solution. I can pass the count to an array but wouldn't like to do that either.

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  • Should not a tail-recursive function also be faster?

    - by Balint Erdi
    I have the following Clojure code to calculate a number with a certain "factorable" property. (what exactly the code does is secondary). (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (factor-9 (quot n 10)))))) Now, I'm into TCO and realize that Clojure can only provide tail-recursion if explicitly told so using the recur keyword. So I've rewritten the code to do that (replacing factor-9 with recur being the only difference): (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (recur (quot n 10)))))) To my knowledge, TCO has a double benefit. The first one is that it does not use the stack as heavily as a non tail-recursive call and thus does not blow it on larger recursions. The second, I think is that consequently it's faster since it can be converted to a loop. Now, I've made a very rough benchmark and have not seen any difference between the two implementations although. Am I wrong in my second assumption or does this have something to do with running on the JVM (which does not have automatic TCO) and recur using a trick to achieve it? Thank you.

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  • PHP elseif statement not executed even though initial if statement is false

    - by DarwinIcesurfer
    I am writing a recursive function to print out the differences between 2 multildimensional php arrays. The purpose of this code is to see the difference between jpeg headers to deteremine how adobe bridge cs3 is saving rating information within the jpg file. When I am single-stepping through the code using my eclipse - zend debugger ide, it appears that even though the initial if statement is false (ie both values are arrays), the subsequent elseif statements are never executed. The function is attached below. function array_diff_multi($array1,$array2,$level){ $keys = array_keys($array1); foreach($keys as $key) { $value1 = $array1[$key]; if(array_key_exists($key,$array2) ){ $value2 = $array2[$key]; // Check if they are both arrays, if so recursion is needed if (is_array($value1) && is_array($value2)){ array_diff_multi($value1,$value2,$level . "[ " . $key . " ]"); } // the values aren't both arrays *** THE CODE IN THE ELSEIF BELOW IS NOT EXECUTED *** elseif(is_array($value1) != is_array($value2)){ print "" . $level . $key ."=" . $value1 . "as array, compared to ". $value2 .""; } // the values don't match elseif($value1 != $value2){ print "" . $level . $key ."=" . $value1 ." != " . $value2 .""; } else; } else{ print "" . $level. $key . "does not exist in array2"; } } }

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  • Recursive powerof-function, see if you can solve it

    - by Jonas B
    First of all, this is not schoolwork - just my curiousity as I for some reason can't get my head around it and solve it. I come up with these stupid things all the time and it annoys the hell out of me when I cant solve them. Code example is in C# but solution doesn't have to be in any particular programming-language. long powerofnum(short num, long powerof) { return powerofnum2(num, powerof, powerof); } long powerofnum2(short num, long powerof, long holder) { if (num == 1) return powerof; else { return powerof = powerofnum2(num - 1, holder * powerof, holder); } } As you can see I have two methods. I call for powerofnum(value, powerofvalue) which then calls the next method with the powerofvalue also in a third parameter as a placeholder so it remembers the original powerof value through the recursion. What I want to accomplish is to do this with only one method. I know I could just declare a variable in the first method with the powerof value to remember it and then iterate from 0 to value of num. But as this is a theoretical question I want it done recursively. I could also in the first method just take a third parameter called whatever to store the value just like I do in the second method that is called by the first, but that looks really stupid. Why should you have to write what seems like the same parameter twice? Rules explained in short: no iteration scope-specific variables only only one method Anyhow, I'd appreciate a clean solution. Good luck :)

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  • Efficient Multiplication of Varying-Length #s [Conceptual]

    - by Milan Patel
    Write the pseudocode of an algorithm that takes in two arbitrary length numbers (provided as strings), and computes the product of these numbers. Use an efficient procedure for multiplication of large numbers of arbitrary length. Analyze the efficiency of your algorithm. I decided to take the (semi) easy way out and use the Russian Peasant Algorithm. It works like this: a * b = a/2 * 2b if a is even a * b = (a-1)/2 * 2b + a if a is odd My pseudocode is: rpa(x, y){ if x is 1 return y if x is even return rpa(x/2, 2y) if x is odd return rpa((x-1)/2, 2y) + y } I have 3 questions: Is this efficient for arbitrary length numbers? I implemented it in C and tried varying length numbers. The run-time in was near-instant in all cases so it's hard to tell empirically... Can I apply the Master's Theorem to understand the complexity...? a = # subproblems in recursion = 1 (max 1 recursive call across all states) n / b = size of each subproblem = n / 1 - b = 1 (problem doesn't change size...?) f(n^d) = work done outside recursive calls = 1 - d = 0 (the addition when a is odd) a = 1, b^d = 1, a = b^d - complexity is in n^d*log(n) = log(n) this makes sense logically since we are halving the problem at each step, right? What might my professor mean by providing arbitrary length numbers "as strings". Why do that? Many thanks in advance

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  • Recursive XSLT, part 2

    - by Eric
    Ok, following on from my question here. Lets say my pages are now like this: A.xml: <page> <header>Page A</header> <content-a>Random content for page A</content-a> <content-b>More of page A's content</content-b> <content-c>More of page A's content</content-c> <!-- This doesn't keep going: there are a predefined number of sections --> </page> B.xml: <page include="A.xml"> <header>Page B</header> <content-a>Random content for page B</content-a> <content-b>More of page B's content</content-b> <content-c>More of page B's content</content-c> </page> C.xml: <page include="B.xml"> <header>Page C</header> <content-a>Random content for page C</content-a> <content-b>More of page C's content</content-b> <content-c>More of page C's content</content-c> </page> After the transform (on C.xml), I'd like to end up with this: <h1>Page C</h1> <div> <p>Random content for page C</p> <p>Random content for page B</p> <p>Random content for page A</p> </div> <div> <p>More of page C's content</p> <p>More of page B's content</p> <p>More of page A's content</p> </div> <div> <p>Yet more of page C's content</p> <p>Yet more of page B's content</p> <p>Yet more of page A's content</p> </div> I know that I can use document(@include) to include another document. However, the recursion is a bit beyond me. How would I go about writing such a transform?

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  • Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError

    - by Ray.R.Chua
    I have a piece of code and I could not figure out why it is giving me Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError. This is the question: Given a positive integer n, prints out the sum of the lengths of the Syracuse sequence starting in the range of 1 to n inclusive. So, for example, the call: lengths(3) will return the the combined length of the sequences: 1 2 1 3 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 which is the value: 11. lengths must throw an IllegalArgumentException if its input value is less than one. My Code: import java.util.HashMap; public class Test { HashMap<Integer,Integer> syraSumHashTable = new HashMap<Integer,Integer>(); public Test(){ } public int lengths(int n)throws IllegalArgumentException{ int sum =0; if(n < 1){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error!! Invalid Input!"); } else{ for(int i =1; i<=n;i++){ if(syraSumHashTable.get(i)==null) { syraSumHashTable.put(i, printSyra(i,1)); sum += (Integer)syraSumHashTable.get(i); } else{ sum += (Integer)syraSumHashTable.get(i); } } return sum; } } private int printSyra(int num, int count){ int n = num; if(n == 1){ return count; } else{ if(n%2==0){ return printSyra(n/2, ++count); } else{ return printSyra((n*3)+1, ++count) ; } } } } Driver code: public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Test s1 = new Test(); System.out.println(s1.lengths(90090249)); //System.out.println(s1.lengths(5)); } . I know the problem lies with the recursion. The error does not occur if the input is a small value, example: 5. But when the number is huge, like 90090249, I got the Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError. Thanks all for your help. :) I almost forgot the error msg: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError at Test.printSyra(Test.java:60) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:65) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:60) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:65) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:60) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:60) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:60) at Test.printSyra(Test.java:60)

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  • Optimising movement on hex grid

    - by Mloren
    I am making a turn based hex-grid game. The player selects units and moves them across the hex grid. Each tile in the grid is of a particular terrain type (eg desert, hills, mountains, etc) and each unit type has different abilities when it comes to moving over the terrain (e.g. some can move over mountains easily, some with difficulty and some not at all). Each unit has a movement value and each tile takes a certain amount of movement based on its terrain type and the unit type. E.g it costs a tank 1 to move over desert, 4 over swamp and cant move at all over mountains. Where as a flying unit moves over everything at a cost of 1. The issue I have is that when a unit is selected, I want to highlight an area around it showing where it can move, this means working out all the possible paths through the surrounding hexes, how much movement each path will take and lighting up the tiles based on that information. I got this working with a recursive function and found it took too long to calculate, I moved the function into a thread so that it didn't block the game but still it takes around 2 seconds for the thread to calculate the moveable area for a unit with a move of 8. Its over a million recursions which obviously is problematic. I'm wondering if anyone has an clever ideas on how I can optimize this problem. Here's the recursive function I'm currently using (its C# btw): private void CalcMoveGridRecursive(int nCenterIndex, int nMoveRemaining) { //List of the 6 tiles adjacent to the center tile int[] anAdjacentTiles = m_ThreadData.m_aHexData[nCenterIndex].m_anAdjacentTiles; foreach(int tileIndex in anAdjacentTiles) { //make sure this adjacent tile exists if(tileIndex == -1) continue; //How much would it cost the unit to move onto this adjacent tile int nMoveCost = m_ThreadData.m_anTerrainMoveCost[(int)m_ThreadData.m_aHexData[tileIndex].m_eTileType]; if(nMoveCost != -1 && nMoveCost <= nMoveRemaining) { //Make sure the adjacent tile isnt already in our list. if(!m_ThreadData.m_lPassableTiles.Contains(tileIndex)) m_ThreadData.m_lPassableTiles.Add(tileIndex); //Now check the 6 tiles surrounding the adjacent tile we just checked (it becomes the new center). CalcMoveGridRecursive(tileIndex, nMoveRemaining - nMoveCost); } } } At the end of the recursion, m_lPassableTiles contains a list of the indexes of all the tiles that the unit can possibly reach and they are made to glow. This all works, it just takes too long. Does anyone know a better approach to this?

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  • How can I group an array of rectangles into "Islands" of connected regions?

    - by Eric
    The problem I have an array of java.awt.Rectangles. For those who are not familiar with this class, the important piece of information is that they provide an .intersects(Rectangle b) function. I would like to write a function that takes this array of Rectangles, and breaks it up into groups of connected rectangles. Lets say for example, that these are my rectangles (constructor takes the arguments x, y, width,height): Rectangle[] rects = new Rectangle[] { new Rectangle(0, 0, 4, 2), //A new Rectangle(1, 1, 2, 4), //B new Rectangle(0, 4, 8, 2), //C new Rectangle(6, 0, 2, 2) //D } A quick drawing shows that A intersects B and B intersects C. D intersects nothing. A tediously drawn piece of ascii art does the job too: +-------+ +---+ ¦A+---+ ¦ ¦ D ¦ +-+---+-+ +---+ ¦ B ¦ +-+---+---------+ ¦ +---+ C ¦ +---------------+ Therefore, the output of my function should be: new Rectangle[][]{ new Rectangle[] {A,B,C}, new Rectangle[] {D} } The failed code This was my attempt at solving the problem: public List<Rectangle> getIntersections(ArrayList<Rectangle> list, Rectangle r) { List<Rectangle> intersections = new ArrayList<Rectangle>(); for(Rectangle rect : list) { if(r.intersects(rect)) { list.remove(rect); intersections.add(rect); intersections.addAll(getIntersections(list, rect)); } } return intersections; } public List<List<Rectangle>> mergeIntersectingRects(Rectangle... rectArray) { List<Rectangle> allRects = new ArrayList<Rectangle>(rectArray); List<List<Rectangle>> groups = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Rectangle>>(); for(Rectangle rect : allRects) { allRects.remove(rect); ArrayList<Rectangle> group = getIntersections(allRects, rect); group.add(rect); groups.add(group); } return groups; } Unfortunately, there seems to be an infinite recursion loop going on here. My uneducated guess would be that java does not like me doing this: for(Rectangle rect : allRects) { allRects.remove(rect); //... } Can anyone shed some light on the issue?

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  • Is this implementation truely tail-recursive?

    - by CFP
    Hello everyone! I've come up with the following code to compute in a tail-recursive way the result of an expression such as 3 4 * 1 + cos 8 * (aka 8*cos(1+(3*4))) The code is in OCaml. I'm using a list refto emulate a stack. type token = Num of float | Fun of (float->float) | Op of (float->float->float);; let pop l = let top = (List.hd !l) in l := List.tl (!l); top;; let push x l = l := (x::!l);; let empty l = (l = []);; let pile = ref [];; let eval data = let stack = ref data in let rec _eval cont = match (pop stack) with | Num(n) -> cont n; | Fun(f) -> _eval (fun x -> cont (f x)); | Op(op) -> _eval (fun x -> cont (op x (_eval (fun y->y)))); in _eval (fun x->x) ;; eval [Fun(fun x -> x**2.); Op(fun x y -> x+.y); Num(1.); Num(3.)];; I've used continuations to ensure tail-recursion, but since my stack implements some sort of a tree, and therefore provides quite a bad interface to what should be handled as a disjoint union type, the call to my function to evaluate the left branch with an identity continuation somehow irks a little. Yet it's working perfectly, but I have the feeling than in calling the _eval (fun y->y) bit, there must be something wrong happening, since it doesn't seem that this call can replace the previous one in the stack structure... Am I misunderstanding something here? I mean, I understand that with only the first call to _eval there wouldn't be any problem optimizing the calls, but here it seems to me that evaluation the _eval (fun y->y) will require to be stacked up, and therefore will fill the stack, possibly leading to an overflow... Thanks!

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  • Find a base case for a recursive void method

    - by Evan S
    I am doing homework. I would like to build a base case for a recursion where ordering given numbers (list2) in ascending order. Purpose of writing this codes is that when all numbers are in ascending order then should stop calling a method called ascending(list2, list1); and all values in list2 should be shipped to list1. For instance, list2 = 6,5,4,3,2,1 then list2 becomes empty and list1 should be 1,2,3,4,5,6. I am trying to compare result with previous one and if matches then stop. But I can't find the base case to stop it. In addition, Both ascending() and fixedPoint() are void method. Anybody has idea? lol Took me 3 days... When I run my code then 6,5,4,3,2,1 5,6,4,3,2,1 4,5,6,3,2,1 3,4,5,6,2,1 2,3,4,5,6,1 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 1,2,3,4,5,6 infinite............. public class Flipper { public static void main(String[] args) { Flipper aFlipper = new Flipper(); List<Integer> content = Arrays.asList(6,5,4,3,2,1); ArrayList<Integer> l1 = new ArrayList<Integer>(content); ArrayList<Integer> l2 = new ArrayList<Integer>(); // empty list aFlipper.fixedPoint(l2,l1); System.out.println("fix l1 is "+l1); System.out.println("fix l2 is "+l2); } public void fixedPoint(ArrayList<Integer> list1, ArrayList<Integer> list2) { // data is in list2 ArrayList<Integer> temp1 = new ArrayList<Integer>(); // empty list if (temp1.equals(list2)) { System.out.println("found!!!"); } else { ascending(list2, list1); // data, null temp1 = list1; // store processed value System.out.println("st list1 is "+list1); System.out.println("st list2 is "+list2); } fixedPoint(list2, list1); // null, processed data }

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  • UVA Online Judge 3n+1 : Right answer is Wrong answer

    - by Samuraisoulification
    Ive been toying with this problem for more than a week now, I have optimized it a lot, I seem to be getting the right answer, since it's the same as when I compare it to other's answers that got accepted, but I keep getting wrong answer. Im not sure what's going on! Anyone have any advice? I think it's a problem with the input or the output, cause Im not exactly sure how this judge thing works. So if anyone could pinpoint the problem, and also give me any advice on my code, Id be very appreciative!!! #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Node{ // node for each number that has teh cycles and number private: int number; int cycles; bool cycleset; // so it knows whether to re-set the cycle public: Node(int num){ number = num; cycles = 0; cycleset = false; } int getnumber(){ return number; } int getcycles(){ return cycles; } void setnumber(int num){ number = num; } void setcycles(int num){ cycles = num; cycleset = true; } bool cycled(){ return cycleset; } }; class Cycler{ private: vector<Node> cycleArray; int biggest; int cycleReal(unsigned int number){ // actually cycles through the number int cycles = 1; if (number != 1) { if (number < 1000000) { // makes sure it's in vector bounds if (!cycleArray[number].cycled()) { // sees if it's been cycled if (number % 2 == 0) { cycles += this->cycleReal((number / 2)); } else { cycles += this->cycleReal((3 * number) + 1); } } else { // if cycled get the number of cycles and don't re-calculate, ends recursion cycles = cycleArray[number].getcycles(); } } else { // continues recursing if it's too big for the vector if (number % 2 == 0) { cycles += this->cycleReal((number / 2)); } else { cycles += this->cycleReal((3 * number) + 1); } } } if(number < 1000000){ // sets cycles table for the number in the vector if (!cycleArray[number].cycled()) { cycleArray[number].setcycles(cycles); } } return cycles; } public: Cycler(){ biggest = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++){ // initialize the vector, set the numbers Node temp(i); cycleArray.push_back(temp); } } int cycle(int start, int end){ // cycles thorugh the inputted numbers. int size = 0; for(int i = start; i < end ; i++){ size = this->cycleReal(i); if(size > biggest){ biggest = size; } } int temp = biggest; biggest = 0; return temp; } int getBiggest(){ return biggest; } }; int main() { Cycler testCycler; int i, j; while(cin>>i>>j){ //read in untill \n int biggest = 0; if(i > j){ biggest = testCycler.cycle(j, i); }else{ biggest = testCycler.cycle(i, j); } cout << i << " " << j << " " << biggest << endl; } return 0; }

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  • strange array in php

    - by tunpishuang
    here i wrote a function , it's general purpose is to get an array of the depIds under the parent root $depId. i use recursion method to get the array. public function getEmpsByDep($depId){ $query = "select * from ".SQLPREFIX."department where id_parent=".$depId; $stmt=$this->db->query($query); while(($row=$this->db->fetch_assoc($stmt))==true) { if($this->hasChildNode($row['DEPID'])) { $depId = $row['DEPID']; self::getEmpsByDep($depId); } else { $arr[]=$row['DEPID']; } } return ($arr); } while i think it should return a 1D array of the depid.but it return a strange 2D array like this: array(4) { [0]=> string(2) "11" [1]=> string(2) "12" [2]=> string(2) "13" [3]=> string(2) "14" } array(3) { [0]=> string(2) "19" [1]=> string(2) "20" [2]=> string(2) "21" } array(3) { [0]=> string(2) "15" [1]=> string(2) "16" [2]=> string(2) "17" } array(8) { [0]=> string(1) "2" [1]=> string(1) "4" [2]=> string(1) "5" [3]=> string(1) "6" [4]=> string(1) "7" [5]=> string(1) "8" [6]=> string(1) "9" [7]=> string(2) "10" } here is the table structure and data sample: $query[]="create table ".$sqltblpre."department( depId number(10) not null primary key, depName varchar2(50) not null, id_parent number(10) )"; //department(?????) $index=1; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',0)"; //1 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //2 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //3 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //4 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //5 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //6 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'?????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',3)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',3)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',3)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',3)"; //18 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',18)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',18)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',18)"; so in a word, how can i get the 1D array thought the right code of this function?

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  • how can I code a recursive query in an Entity Framework model?

    - by Greg
    Hi, I have a model which includes NODES, and RELATIONSHIPS (that tie the nodes together, via a parent_node, child_node arrangement). Q1 - Is there any way in EF / Linq-to-entities to perform a query on nodes (e.g. context.Nodes..) to find say "all parents" or "or children" in the graph? Q2 - If there's not in Linq-to-entities, is there any other way to do this other than writing a method that manually goes through and doing it? Q3 - If manual is the only way to do it, should I be concerned about the number of database hits that will be going out to the database as the method keeps recursing through the data? Or more specifically, is there any EF caching type feature that might assist here in ensuring the method is performance from a "number of database hits" point of view? thanks thanks

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