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  • When should we use private variables and when should we use properties. Do Backing Fields should be

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    In most of the cases we usually creates a private variable and its corresponding public properties and uses them for performing our functionalities. Everyone has different approach like some people uses properties every where and some uses private variables within a same class as they are private and opens it to be used by external environment by using properties. Suppose I takes a scenario say insertion in a database. I creates some parameters that need to be initialized. I creates 10 private variables and their corresp public properties which are given as private string name; public string Name { get{return name;} set{name=value;} } and so on. In these cases mentioned above, what should be used internal variables or properties. And in those cases like public string Name { get{return name;} set{name=value>5?5:0;} //or any action can be done. this is just an eg. } In such cases what should be done.

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  • How to Design Programs: An Introduction to Programming and Computing -- teacher guide access

    - by user295683
    Hello -- I'm a biologist switching careers, and trying to learn programming as a result. I stumbled upon the aforementioned book on Amazon, which jived with my liberal arts background. Despite my great satisfaction with the didactic approach, I was frustrated to see that the answers to the exercises are restricted to teachers only. As I am pursuing this endeavor on my own, this restriction dramatically cripples the value of this book. My request to the author's website for access to the answers has not been answered, and I would desperately like to continue with this book. Anyone have any experience dealing with the book's website, or at the very least a torrent of the answers? Otherwise, I suspect I will be relegated to using JavaScript for everything! Thanks!

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  • Very difficult SQL query

    - by db666
    For the following table definitions: Name Null? Type Comments ------------------------------- -------- ---- ------------------------------------ ENUM NOT NULL NUMBER(4) ENUM should not exceed a length of 4. ENAME CHAR(15) ADDRESS CHAR(25) ADDRESS should not exceed 25 characters. SALARY NUMBER(5) OFFICE CHAR(4) DNUM NOT NULL NUMBER(4) Department which this employee belongs to department Name Null? Type Comments ------------------------------- -------- ---- ------------------------------------- DNUM NOT NULL NUMBER(4) DMGR NOT NULL NUMBER(4) Department manager DNAME NOT NULL CHAR(15) project Name Null? Type Comments ------------------------------- -------- ---- ------------------------------------- PNUM NOT NULL NUMBER(4) PMGR NOT NULL NUMBER(4) Project manager PTITLE NOT NULL CHAR(15) emp_proj Name Null? Type ------------------------------- -------- ---- PNUM NOT NULL NUMBER(4) ENUM NOT NULL NUMBER(4) I have to write SQL query which will find the names of employees who do not share an office but work on the same project, and have different salaries... I've spent last three days trying to figure out something, but no idea as far. I will appreciate any advice.

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  • Optimizing a Parking Lot Problem. What algorithims should I use to fit the most amount of cars in th

    - by Adam Gent
    What algorithms (brute force or not) would I use to put in as many cars (assume all cars are the same size) in a parking lot so that there is at least one exit (from the container) and a car cannot be blocked. Or can someone show me an example of this problem solved programmatically. The parking lot varies in shape would be nice but if you want to assume its some invariant shape that is fine. Another Edit: Assume that driving distance in the parking lot is not a factor (although it would be totally awesome if it was weighted factor to number of cars in lot). Another Edit: Assume 2 Dimensional (no cranes or driving over cars). Another Edit: You cannot move cars around once they are parked (its not a valet parking lot). I hope the question is specific enough now.

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  • Best Online C++ Refresher

    - by Bill
    It's been a longtime since I've done any C++ (probably about 13 years, since I graduated college). I've developing in various others languages since then. My new gig uses a fair bit of C++. Any recommendations for getting bootstrapped? To clarify -- I don't need an "into to programming" book. E.g., what's a variable, flow control, etc. I understand the concepts of OO having implemented them, etc. I'm looking for the best way to get to the specifics of C++.

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  • WPF Books in 2010

    - by notJim
    I'm looking to learn WPF, and I'd like to get a book to help in the process. Most of the popular questions on SO regarding actual books are from 2008, and I wanted to see if recommendations for books had changed at all. WPF Unleashed, which seems to be the most popular recommendation, was published in 2006, which is quite a while ago, with the lightening-quick pace that Microsoft has been following with .NET. Does this book still work? For some background, I'm a web developer (using MVC, so MVVM makes sense to me conceptually), looking to make the jump to desktop development. I did C# a while ago, but I'll be picking up a separate C# book to get up to speed on that. I am not interested in Silverlight. I am not necessarily interested in flashy UIs right now, as I'm working on business software but what I am interested in is good, clean, intuitive user interfaces.

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  • Reference table values in a war against magic numbers

    - by Alex N.
    This question bugged me for years now and can't seem to find good solution still. I working in PHP and Java but it sounds like this maybe language-agnostic :) Say we have a standard status reference table that holds status ids for some kind of entity. Further let's assume the table will have just 5 values, and will remain like this for a long time, maybe edited occasionally with addition of a new status. When you fetch a row and need to see what status it is you have 2 options(as I see it at least) - put it straight ID values(magic numbers that is) or use a named constant. Latter seem much cleaner, the question though is where those named constants should leave? In a model class? In a class that uses this particular constant? Somewhere else?

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  • How can I improve my programming skills with out a computer (or reading material)?

    - by Tom Duckering
    Given the recent and continued chaos with grounded flights and folks stuck in airports, and what not, I'm wondering if anyone has any suggestions for activities that would help sharpen and develop a progammer's mind. The constraints are: Laptop is out of battery and there are no free sockets. You're bored of the book you're reading or you have none with you. Reasonable resources such as a pen and pad of paper are available. Rules can be bent within reason. As daft examples, things I have thought about are: How I might optimise the boarding of a plane. How I might improve the UI of a departure board.

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  • Is MS Access still the most efficient RAD tool for small-scale custom apps?

    - by FastAl
    Of the many other development tools I've used, nothing holds a candle to the 'Functionality to Development Effort' ratio of MS Access. The reason I am asking is that I have been out of the language selection process for a few years, working on a large .Net system, and am only anecdotally familiar with the latest development tools outside the .Net world. I'm well aware of the limitations of Access, but for a limited concurrency (usually only 1 user at a time), small business, custom app, has anybody found a comparable end-to-end solution or combination that comes close? It doesn't have to be free, open source, or even Windows based. It just has to allow the same speed of development and maintenance, and maybe even provide some additional amenities like seamless autointegration with a server-based DB Engine (like Access does with its own 'Jet' dbms), better web support, and a file format more compatible with source control. I don't want to miss out on anything. Please share your development experience with your suggestions. Thanks.

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  • Should we avoid to use Object as the input parameter/ output value of a method?

    - by developer.cyrus
    Take Java syntax as an example, though the question itself is language independent. If the following snippet takes an object MyAbstractEmailTemplate as input argument in the method setTemplate, the class MyGateway will then become tightly-coupled with the object MyAbstractEmailTemplate, which lessens the re-usability of the class MyGateway. A compromise is to use dependency-injection to ease the instantiation of MyAbstractEmailTemplate. This might solve the coupling problem to some extent, but the interface is still rigid, hardly providing enough ?exibility to other developers/ applications. So if we only use primitive data type (or even plain XML in web service) as the input/ output of a method, it seems the coupling problem no longer exists. So what do you think? public class MyGateway { protected MyAbstractEmailTemplate template; publoc void setTemplate(MyAbstractEmailTemplate template) { this.template = template; } }

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  • best book to start XML and Html5?

    - by asad26
    hey every one can some one help that , how can start XML and Html and what i have to start first and what steps should I take , and because I know Objective c as iphone programmer but i what to know more about web base application so please some one help me with steps should I take and as beginner? thanks

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  • C++ for games

    - by Bi
    Hi I am a relatively newbie in C++ and worked in the game industry for a few months. I am looking to get back to the industry and understand that one needs to be a very good C++ programmer (mainly bcos of how competitive it is to get into making games). I was wondering if there are really good websites online that would help with that. Basically I am looking for something that would help me MASTER C++ concepts as well as help me be a good coder through programming examples that I can code. Thanks Bi

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  • Is the offical Sun Java EE tutorial the best way to learn how to make Java web apps?

    - by Nick
    I've been a web developer for almost a decade. I've mostly used classic ASP/JavaScript and I'd like to move into Java based apps. I have a decent understanding of Java itself (enough to know how to lookup what I don't know) and I spent some time doing minor work on a JSF/Spring/Hibernate app, but from what a trusted coworker told me, this application is the example of what not to do. I want to learn the really hardcore stuff (EJBs, HA Clustering, etc), but I know I have to walk before I can run. Is the Sun Tutorial the best place to start? Or is there an definitive book (like K&R for C or Gang of Four for design patterns) that I should buy?

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  • How to input test data using the DecisionTree module in python?

    - by lifera1n
    On the Python DescisionTree module homepage (DecisionTree-1.6.1), they give a piece of example code. Here it is: dt = DecisionTree( training_datafile = "training.dat", debug1 = 1 ) dt.get_training_data() dt.show_training_data() root_node = dt.construct_decision_tree_classifier() root_node.display_decision_tree(" ") test_sample = ['exercising=>never', 'smoking=>heavy', 'fatIntake=>heavy', 'videoAddiction=>heavy'] classification = dt.classify(root_node, test_sample) print "Classification: ", classification My question is: How can I specify sample data (test_sample here) from variables? On the project homepage, it says: "You classify new data by first constructing a new data vector:" I have searched around but have been unable to find out what a data vector is or the answer to my question. Any help would be appreciated!

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  • How to find patterns (lines, circles,...) from a list of points?

    - by Burkhard
    I have a list of points. Each point being an x and y coordinate (both of which are integers). Now I'm trying to find known patterns, such as lines, arcs or circles, knowing that the points are not perfectly on the pattern. What's the best way to do it? I don't have many clues to get started. Edit: the points are ordered. The user is drawing something and the program should detect the best patterns. For instance, if a triangle is drawn, it should detect three lines.

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  • Using methods on 2 input files - 2nd is printing multiple times - Java

    - by Aaa
    I have the following code to read in text, store in a hashmap as bigrams (with other methods to sort them by frequency and do v. v. basic additive smoothing. I had it working great for one language input file (english) and then I want to expand it for the second language input file (japanese - doens;t matter what it is I suppose) using the same methods but the Japanese bigram hashmap is printing out 3 times in a row with diff. values. I've tried using diff text in the input file, making sure there are no gaps in text etc. I've also put print statements at certain places in the Japanese part of the code to see if I can get any clues but all the print statements are printing each time so I can't work out if it is looping at a certain place. I have gone through it with a fine toothcomb but am obviously missing something and slowly going crazy here - any help would be appreciated. thanks in advance... package languagerecognition2; import java.lang.String; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.*; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.AbstractMap.*; import java.lang.Object; import java.io.*; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Arrays; import java.lang.Math; public class Main { /** public static void main(String[] args) { //training English ----------------------------------------------------------------- File file = new File("english1.txt"); StringBuffer contents = new StringBuffer(); BufferedReader reader = null; try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); String test = null; //test = reader.readLine(); // repeat until all lines are read while ((test = reader.readLine()) != null) { test = test.toLowerCase(); char[] charArrayEng = test.toCharArray(); HashMap<String, Integer> hashMapEng = new HashMap<String, Integer>(bigrams(charArrayEng)); LinkedHashMap<String, Integer> sortedListEng = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>(sort(hashMapEng)); int sizeEng=sortedListEng.size(); System.out.println("Total count of English bigrams is " + sizeEng); LinkedHashMap<String, Integer> smoothedListEng = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>(smooth(sortedListEng, sizeEng)); //print linkedHashMap to check values Set set= smoothedListEng.entrySet(); Iterator iter = set.iterator ( ) ; System.out.println("Beginning English"); while ( iter.hasNext()) { Map.Entry entry = ( Map.Entry ) iter.next ( ) ; Object key = entry.getKey ( ) ; Object value = entry.getValue ( ) ; System.out.println( key+" : " + value); } System.out.println("End English"); }//end while }//end try catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //End training English----------------------------------------------------------- //Training japanese-------------------------------------------------------------- File file2 = new File("japanese1.txt"); StringBuffer contents2 = new StringBuffer(); BufferedReader reader2 = null; try { reader2 = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file2)); String test2 = null; //repeat until all lines are read while ((test2 = reader2.readLine()) != null) { test2 = test2.toLowerCase(); char[] charArrayJap = test2.toCharArray(); HashMap<String, Integer> hashMapJap = new HashMap<String, Integer>(bigrams(charArrayJap)); //System.out.println( "bigrams stage"); LinkedHashMap<String, Integer> sortedListJap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>(sort(hashMapJap)); //System.out.println( "sort stage"); int sizeJap=sortedListJap.size(); //System.out.println("Total count of Japanese bigrams is " + sizeJap); LinkedHashMap<String, Integer> smoothedListJap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>(smooth(sortedListJap, sizeJap)); System.out.println( "smooth stage"); //print linkedHashMap to check values Set set2= smoothedListJap.entrySet(); Iterator iter2 = set2.iterator(); System.out.println("Beginning Japanese"); while ( iter2.hasNext()) { Map.Entry entry2 = ( Map.Entry ) iter2.next ( ) ; Object key = entry2.getKey ( ) ; Object value = entry2.getValue ( ) ; System.out.println( key+" : " + value); }//end while System.out.println("End Japanese"); }//end while }//end try catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader2 != null) { reader2.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //end training Japanese--------------------------------------------------------- } //end main (inner)

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  • When asked "How do I make a website?" how do you answer?

    - by Luke CK
    A (non-technical) friend of mine has asked me how to make a website. I get this question all the time. After a few questions I found out that she has an idea that could turn into a commercial site. I described three options to her: a) Get a book/enroll in a class/follow some online tutorials and learn how to do it. She's pretty smart and her personality seems like a good match for this sort of thing so I'm sure she could learn but she doesn't have a lot of time spare. Maybe if she started with one of those WYSIWYG editors at first? I stressed that this would take a longer than a couple of weekends of playing around. b) Hire someone to build it. Ranges from ultra cheap to ultra expensive, crappy to good and everything in between. I didn't mention sites like Rentacoder because she hasn't worked on a project like this before and doesn't know what to ask for. At this stage she'd likely ask for a Youtube-MySpace-Google for a few hundred bucks because she doesn't yet understand just how much is involved. c) Find someone technical and partner up with them. I explained that this can either work really well or be a disaster because she'd have to give up some of her ownership of the idea. How do you respond in these situations?

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  • Call/Return feature of classic C++(C with Classes), what modern languages have it?

    - by AraK
    Hi, On page 57 of The Design and Evolution of C++, Dr. Stroustrup talks about a feature that was initially part of C with Classes, but it isn't part of modern C++(standard C++). The feature is called call/return. This is an example: class myclass { call() { /* do something before each call to a function. */ } return() { /* do something else after each call to a function. */ } ... }; I find this feature very interesting. Does any modern language have this particular feature?

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