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  • Need advice on design in Ruby On Rails

    - by Elad
    For personal educational purposes I am making a site for a conference. One of the object that exist in a conference is a session, which has different states and in each state it has slightly different attributes: When submitted it has a speaker (User in the system), Title and abstract. When under review it has reviews and comments (in addition to the basic data) When accepted it has a defined time-slot but no reviewers anymore. I feel that it is not the best thing to add a "status" attributes and start adding many if statements... So I thought it would be better to have different classes for each state each with it's own validations and behaviors. What do you think about this design? Do you have a better idea? *I must add this out of frustration: I had several edits of the question, including one major change but no one actually gave any hint or clue on which direction should i take or where is a better place to ask this... Hardly helpful.

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  • Why and when should I make a class 'static'? What is the purpose of 'static' keyword on classes?

    - by Saeed Neamati
    The static keyword on a member in many languages mean that you shouldn't create an instance of that class to be able to have access to that member. However, I don't see any justification to make an entire class static. Why and when should I make a class static? What benefits do I get from making a class static? I mean, after declaring a static class, one should still declare all members which he/she wants to have access to without instantiation, as static too. This means that for example, Math class could be declared normal (not static), without affecting how developers code. In other words, making a class static or normal is kind of transparent to developers.

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  • .net Interviews

    - by pdiddy
    When interviewing a .net candidate what do you look for? Let's say for a senior candidate. What kind of memorable interview have you experience, good or bad? This is going to be my first time I'll be the Interviewer. This is my second job and so I haven't got a lot of interview experience. Sure I can ask lots of .net technical questions, but what other questions can I ask and what can it bring by asking that question? Thanks,

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  • Why does void in C mean not void?

    - by Naftuli Tzvi Kay
    In strongly-typed languages like Java and C#, void (or Void) as a return type for a method seem to mean: This method doesn't return anything. Nothing. No return. You will not receive anything from this method. What's really strange is that in C, void as a return type or even as a method parameter type means: It could really be anything. You'd have to read the source code to find out. Good luck. If it's a pointer, you should really know what you're doing. Consider the following examples in C: void describe(void *thing) { Object *obj = thing; printf("%s.\n", obj->description); } void *move(void *location, Direction direction) { void *next = NULL; // logic! return next; } Obviously, the second method returns a pointer, which by definition could be anything. Since C is older than Java and C#, why did these languages adopt void as meaning "nothing" while C used it as "nothing or anything (when a pointer)"?

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  • I'd like to learn how to do mobile development - which competitions can I join to help me learn?

    - by Oscar
    I want to start learning mobile device development, but I am someone that gets much more motivated when there is some goal to reach. Because of that, I would like to join a competition. I know about Microsoft Imagine Cup, which is a very nice competition. Are there any another mobile development competition with a deadline in the next 6~8 months? I have been googling for them, but I could not find any, maybe someone knows about something that I couldn't find.

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  • Why don’t UI frameworks use generics?

    - by romkyns
    One way of looking at type safety is that it adds automatic tests all over your code that stop some things breaking in some ways. One of the tools that helps this in .NET is generics. However, both WinForms and WPF are generics-free. There is no ListBox<T> control, for example, which could only show items of the specified type. Such controls invariably operate on object instead. Why are generics and not popular with UI framework developers?

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  • MVC: Why put the business logic in the model? What happens when I've multiple types of storage?

    - by Steffen Winkler
    I always thought that the business logic has to be in the controller and that the controller, since it is the 'middle' part, stays static and that the model/view have to be capsuled via interfaces, that way you could change the business logic without affecting anything else, program multiple Models (one for each database/type of storage) and a dozens of views (for different platforms for example). Now I read in this question that you should always put the business logic into the model and that the controller is deeply connected with the view. To me, that doesn't really make sense and implies that each time I want to have the means of supporting another database/type of storage I've to rewrite my whole model including the business logic. And if I want another view, I've to rewrite both the view and the controller. May someone explain why that is or if I went wrong somewhere? Currently, that whole thing doesn't really make sense to me.

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  • Studies of Pair Programming on Translation Projects

    - by gmletzkojr
    I am looking for information (ie, studies, metrics, etc) for pair programming when translating a project from an "older" language to a "newer" language. In this particular case, translating means line for line translation where ever possible, and only modifying the design when absolutely necessary, not when the modification would provide improved performance. I have performed pair programming in new development, and I am well aware of the pros and cons of pairing in that environment. However, I haven't been able to find any information in this particular case. Any help is appreciated.

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  • Circular dependency and object creation when attempting DDD

    - by Matthew
    I have a domain where an Organization has People. Organization Entity public class Organization { private readonly List<Person> _people = new List<Person>(); public Person CreatePerson(string name) { var person = new Person(organization, name); _people.Add(person); return person; } public IEnumerable<Person> People { get { return _people; } } } Person Entity public class Person { public Person(Organization organization, string name) { if (organization == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("organization"); } Organization = organization; Name = name; } public Organization { get; private set; } public Name { get; private set; } } The rule for this relationship is that a Person must belong to exactly one Organization. The invariants I want to guarantee are: A person must have an organization this is enforced via the Person's constuctor An organization must know of its people this is why the Organization has a CreatePerson method A person must belong to only one organization this is why the organization's people list is not publicly mutable (ignoring the casting to List, maybe ToEnumerable can enforce that, not too concerned about it though) What I want out of this is that if a person is created, that the organization knows about its creation. However, the problem with the model currently is that you are able to create a person without ever adding it to the organizations collection. Here's a failing unit-test to describe my problem [Test] public void AnOrganizationMustKnowOfItsPeople() { var organization = new Organization(); var person = new Person(organization, "Steve McQueen"); CollectionAssert.Contains(organization.People, person); } What is the most idiomatic way to enforce the invariants and the circular relationship?

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  • class hierarchy design for small java project

    - by user523956
    I have written a java code which does following:- Main goal is to fetch emails from (inbox, spam) folders and store them in database. It fetches emails from gmail,gmx,web.de,yahoo and Hotmail. Following attributes are stored in mysql database. Slno, messagedigest, messageid, foldername, dateandtime, receiver, sender, subject, cc, size and emlfile. For gmail,gmy and web.de, I have used javamail API, because email form it can be fetched with IMAP. For yahoo and hotmail, I have used html parser and httpclient to fetch emails form spam folder and for inbox folder, I have used pop3 javamail API. I want to have proper class hierarchy which makes my code efficient and easily reusable. As of now I have designed class hierarchy as below: I am sure it can still be improved. So I would like to have different opinions on it. I have following classes and methods as of now. MainController:- Here I pass emailid, password and foldername from which emails have to be fetched. Abstract Class :-EmailProtocol Abstract Methods of it (All methods except executeParser contains method definition):- connectImap() // used by gmx,gmail and web.de email ids connectPop3() // used by hotmail and yahoo to fetch emails of inbox folder createMessageDigest // used by every email provider(gmx, gmail,web.de,yahoo,hotmail) establishDBConnection // used by every email emailAlreadyExists // used by every email which checks whether email already exists in db or not, if not then store it. storeemailproperties // used by every email to store emails properties to mysql database executeParser // nothing written in it. Overwridden and used by just hotmail and yahoo to fetch emails form spam folder. Imap extends EmailProtocol (nothing in it. But I have to have it to access methods of EmailProtocol. This is used to fetch emails from gmail,gmx and web.de) I know this is really a bad way but don't know how to do it other way. Hotmsil extends EmailProtocol Methods:- executeParser() :- This is used by just hotmail email id. fetchjunkemails() :- This is also very specific for only hotmail email id. Yahoo extends EmailProtocol Methods:- executeParser() storeEmailtotemptable() MoveEmailtoInbox() getFoldername() nullorEquals() All above methods are specific for yahoo email id. public DateTimeFormat(class) format() //this formats datetime of gmax,gmail and web.de emails. formatYahoodate //this formats datetime of yahoo email. formatHotmaildate // this formats datetime of hotmail email. public StringFormat ConvertStreamToString() // Accessed by every class except DateTimeFormat class. formatFromTo() // Accessed by every class except DateTimeFormat class. public Class CheckDatabaseExistance public static void checkForDatabaseTablesAvailability() (This method checks at the beginnning whether database and required tables exist in mysql or not. if not it creates them) Please see code of my MainController class so that You can have an idea about how I use different classes. public class MainController { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ArrayList<String> web_de_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); web_de_folders.add("INBOX"); web_de_folders.add("Unbekannt"); web_de_folders.add("Spam"); web_de_folders.add("OUTBOX"); web_de_folders.add("SENT"); web_de_folders.add("DRAFTS"); web_de_folders.add("TRASH"); web_de_folders.add("Trash"); ArrayList<String> gmx_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); gmx_folders.add("INBOX"); gmx_folders.add("Archiv"); gmx_folders.add("Entwürfe"); gmx_folders.add("Gelöscht"); gmx_folders.add("Gesendet"); gmx_folders.add("Spamverdacht"); gmx_folders.add("Trash"); ArrayList<String> gmail_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); gmail_folders.add("Inbox"); gmail_folders.add("[Google Mail]/Spam"); gmail_folders.add("[Google Mail]/Trash"); gmail_folders.add("[Google Mail]/Sent Mail"); ArrayList<String> pop3_folders = new ArrayList<String>(); pop3_folders.add("INBOX"); CheckDatabaseExistance.checkForDatabaseTablesAvailability(); EmailProtocol imap = new Imap(); System.out.println("CHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN WEB.DE...(IMAP)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); imap.connectImap("[email protected]", "pwd", web_de_folders); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN GMX.DE...(IMAP)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); imap.connectImap("[email protected]", "pwd", gmx_folders); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN GMAIL...(IMAP)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); imap.connectImap("[email protected]", "pwd", gmail_folders); EmailProtocol yahoo = new Yahoo(); Yahoo y=new Yahoo(); System.out.println("\nEXECUTING YAHOO PARSER"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); y.executeParser("http://de.mc1321.mail.yahoo.com/mc/welcome?ymv=0","[email protected]","pwd"); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN INBOX OF YAHOO (POP3)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); yahoo.connectPop3("[email protected]","pwd",pop3_folders); System.out.println("\nCHECKING FOR NEW EMAILS IN INBOX OF HOTMAIL (POP3)"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); yahoo.connectPop3("[email protected]","pwd",pop3_folders); EmailProtocol hotmail = new Hotmail(); Hotmail h=new Hotmail(); System.out.println("\nEXECUTING HOTMAIL PARSER"); System.out.println("*********************************************************************************"); h.executeParser("https://login.live.com/ppsecure/post.srf","[email protected]","pwd"); } } I have kept DatetimeFormat and StringFormat class public so that I can access its public methods by just (DatetimeFormat.formatYahoodate for e.g. from different methods). This is the first time I have developed something in java. It serves its purpose but of course code is still not so efficient I think. I need your suggestions on this project.

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  • What technologies are used for Game development now days?

    - by Monika Michael
    Whenever I ask a question about game development in an online forum I always get suggestions like learning line drawing algorithms, bit level image manipulation and video decompression etc. However looking at games like God of War 3, I find it hard to believe that these games could be developed using such low level techniques. The sheer awesomeness of such games defy any comprehensible(for me) programming methodology. Besides the gaming hardware is really a monster now days. So it stands to reason that the developers would work at a higher level of abstraction. What is the latest development methodology in the gaming industry? How is it that a team of 30-35 developers (of which most is management and marketing fluff) able to make such mind boggling games? If the question seems too general could you explain the architecture of God of War 3? Or how you would go about producing a clone? That I think should be objectively answerable.

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  • Do software developers know what engineers actually do?

    - by lorin
    Software development is often contrasted with the traditional branches of engineering, most commonly civil or mechanical engineering. For example: "Software development isn't like engineering, it's like craftsmanship!" "Software development isn't like engineering, but it should be!" Do software developers understand what it is that engineers do and how they do it? At least, do they understand it well enough to be able to make an informed comparison with what software developers do?

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  • Whether to go for part MBA or not [closed]

    - by Santosh singh
    I need your help in knowing more about SP Jain Finance MBA. I am currently working in Singapore as a tech lead having 6.5 year experience in IT, planning to do part time MBA. There are currently 3 specialisation offered- marketing,operations and finance- I am not sure which one to choose. Whether I would be able to find a job in finance after getting MBA degree from SP Jain. Basically I do not forsee any career growth in my present company, so in a fix should I do MBA or go for some specialised course if you suggest.

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  • Emphasize Some Comments - but not Dirty the Code

    - by Jon Sandness
    I'm having trouble structuring my comments at the moment. I have major sections of the code that, when scrolling through the document, I want to be able to see those stand out. Examples: This is a normal comment: int money = 100; //start out with 100 money - This is a comment to emphasize a certain part of the code: /****** Set up all the money ******/ But I don't like that this isn't very clean. Is there a standard way of setting up this type of a comment?

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  • Gradual approaches to dependency injection

    - by JW01
    I'm working on making my classes unit-testable, using dependency injection. But some of these classes have a lot of clients, and I'm not ready to refactor all of them to start passing in the dependencies yet. So I'm trying to do it gradually; keeping the default dependencies for now, but allowing them to be overridden for testing. One approach I'm conisdering is just moving all the "new" calls into their own methods, e.g.: public MyObject createMyObject(args) { return new MyObject(args); } Then in my unit tests, I can just subclass this class, and override the create functions, so they create fake objects instead. Is this a good approach? Are there any disadvantages? More generally, is it okay to have hard-coded dependencies, as long as you can replace them for testing? I know the preferred approach is to explicitly require them in the constructor, and I'd like to get there eventually. But I'm wondering if this is a good first step.

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  • MIT vs. BSD vs. Dual License

    - by ryanve
    My understanding is that: MIT-licensed projects can be used/redistributed in BSD-licensed projects. BSD-licensed projects can be used/redistributed in MIT-licensed projects. The MIT and the BSD 2-clause licenses are essentially identical. BSD 3-clause = BSD 2-clause + the "no endorsement" clause Issuing a dual license allows users to choose from those licenses—not be bound to both. If all of the above is correct, then what is the point of using a dual MIT/BSD license? Even if the BSD refers to the 3-clause version, then can't a user legally choose to only abide by the MIT license? It seems that if you really want the "no endorsement" clause to apply then you have to license it as just BSD (not dual). If you don't care about the "no endorsement" clause, then MIT alone is sufficient and MIT/BSD is redundant. Similarly, since the MIT and BSD licenses are both "GPL-compatible" and can be redistributed in GPL-licensed projects, then dual licensing MIT/GPL also seems redundant.

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  • Best Programming Language for Web Development

    - by Harish Kurup
    I am a Web Developer in PHP, and also know Javascript and some bit of CSS which is needed for web development. I use Symfony framework to build Websites and Web Application. As now i want to learn new Programming Language, which is best for Web Development(like Ruby, Python), as i have heard about Frameworks like Rails and Django. Which language will be best for Web Development apart from PHP or like PHP?

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  • Differences between software testing processes and techniques?

    - by Aptos
    I get confused between these terms. For examples, should Unit testing be listed as a software testing process or technique? I think unit testing is a software testing technique. And how about Test driven development? Can you give me some examples for software testing processes and techniques? In my opinion, software testing process is a part of the software development life cycle. For example, if we use V-Model, the software testing process will be System test, Acceptance test, Integration Test... Thank you.

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  • unit testing variable state explicit tests in dynamically typed languages

    - by kris welsh
    I have heard that a desirable quality of unit tests is that they test for each scenario independently. I realised whilst writing tests today that when you compare a variable with another value in a statement like: assertEquals("foo", otherObject.stringFoo); You are really testing three things: The variable you are testing exists and is within scope. The variable you are testing is the expected type. The variable you are testing's value is what you expect it to be. Which to me raises the question of whether you should test for each of these implicitly so that a test fail would occur on the specific line that tests for that problem: assertTrue(stringFoo); assertTrue(stringFoo.typeOf() == "String"); assertEquals("foo", otherObject.stringFoo); For example if the variable was an integer instead of a string the test case failure would be on line 2 which would give you more feedback on what went wrong. Should you test for this kind of thing explicitly or am i overthinking this?

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  • TDD - what are the short term gains/benefits?

    - by ratkok
    Quite often benefits of using TDD are considered as 'long term' gains - the overall code will be better structured, more testable, overall less bugs reported by customers, etc. However, where are the short terms benefits of using TDD? Are there any which are actually tengible and easily measureable? Is it important to have an obvious (or even not obvious by quantifiable) short term benefit at all, if the long term gains are measurable?

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  • Is it worth learning either GWT or Vaadin?

    - by NimChimpsky
    I consider myself a decent java/web developer. In my career I have always used servlets and ejb's with a web front end, most recently incoporating jquery and ajax. I can see the theoretical benefit of using GWT or Vaadin: it is my understanding they convert Java code to the required JavaScript/HTML. So the developer gets the benefit of cross browser compatibility and compile time error checking (of web GUI elements). My question is threefold: Are there any other benefits I am missing that would be gained using Vaadin or GWT? I am actually quite confident and productive using HTML and JavaScript - so will I actually see any benefit? Or will it just make my knowledge of these areas redundant (as they are handled by GWT/Vaadin)? Will the end result be that I can create enterprise scale data driven websites in a reasonably short time? I can however already do this, and I have not wasted any time learning GWT/Vaadin.

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  • What happened to VM based deployments?

    - by user128670
    Watched some MountainWest RubyConf 2014 talks and noticed an interesting theme. Many dynamic programming environments back in the old days used to be self-contained VM images, e.g. SmallTalk, GemStone/S. One could checkpoint, modify, and ship these images wholesale and have it up and running with very little effort. Fast forward to now and I'm still using Make files to configure and install binaries. What happened?

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  • What Web Technology to use for web app?

    - by Chris
    Want to get the opinions of the people of Stack Overflow. I am creating a web application that ideally will have some sort of desktop notification. i would love to do this in HTML5 but cant as need it to run on IE 8 and below. I have looked a Flex but I'm not 100% sure how to achieve desktop notifications when running as a web app. Has anyone had this dilemma or even know of anything that would be the best fit? All opinions are welcome, will help me out a lot

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  • Where to Perform Authentication in REST API Server?

    - by David V
    I am working on a set of REST APIs that needs to be secured so that only authenticated calls will be performed. There will be multiple web apps to service these APIs. Is there a best-practice approach as to where the authentication should occur? I have thought of two possible places. Have each web app perform the authentication by using a shared authentication service. This seems to be in line with tools like Spring Security, which is configured at the web app level. Protect each web app with a "gateway" for security. In this approach, the web app never receives unauthenticated calls. This seems to be the approach of Apache HTTP Server Authentication. With this approach, would you use Apache or nginx to protect it, or something else in between Apache/nginx and your web app? For additional reference, the authentication is similar to services like AWS that have a non-secret identifier combined with a shared secret key. I am also considering using HMAC. Also, we are writing the web services in Java using Spring. Update: To clarify, each request needs to be authenticated with the identifier and secret key. This is similar to how AWS REST requests work.

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  • Addressing a variable in VB

    - by Jeff
    Why doesn't Visual Basic.NET have the addressof operator like C#? In C#, one can int i = 123; int* addr = &i; But VB has no equivalent counter part. It seems like it should be important. UPDATE Since there's some interest, Im copying my response to Strilanc below. The case I ran into didnt necessitate pointers by any means, but I was trying to trouble shoot a unit test that was failing and there was some confusion over whether or not an object being used at one point in the stack was the same object as an object several methods away.

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