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• Why does editor color scheme preference seem to vary by language?

  - by Carl Manaster

  I've spent most of my career in C++ and Java, and like most of my peers I have the editor configured to display dark (black with dark-colored syntax highlighting) on a white background. I spent a day this week with Rubyists, and they all seem to favor light text on a dark background. I've observed this before. Why is it? What cultural differences between the Java and Ruby communities explain it? Or is it as simple as these are the default settings for our respective editors?

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• Circular dependency and object creation when attempting DDD

  - by Matthew

  I have a domain where an Organization has People. Organization Entity public class Organization { private readonly List<Person> _people = new List<Person>(); public Person CreatePerson(string name) { var person = new Person(organization, name); _people.Add(person); return person; } public IEnumerable<Person> People { get { return _people; } } } Person Entity public class Person { public Person(Organization organization, string name) { if (organization == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("organization"); } Organization = organization; Name = name; } public Organization { get; private set; } public Name { get; private set; } } The rule for this relationship is that a Person must belong to exactly one Organization. The invariants I want to guarantee are: A person must have an organization this is enforced via the Person's constuctor An organization must know of its people this is why the Organization has a CreatePerson method A person must belong to only one organization this is why the organization's people list is not publicly mutable (ignoring the casting to List, maybe ToEnumerable can enforce that, not too concerned about it though) What I want out of this is that if a person is created, that the organization knows about its creation. However, the problem with the model currently is that you are able to create a person without ever adding it to the organizations collection. Here's a failing unit-test to describe my problem [Test] public void AnOrganizationMustKnowOfItsPeople() { var organization = new Organization(); var person = new Person(organization, "Steve McQueen"); CollectionAssert.Contains(organization.People, person); } What is the most idiomatic way to enforce the invariants and the circular relationship?

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• Where to Perform Authentication in REST API Server?

  - by David V

  I am working on a set of REST APIs that needs to be secured so that only authenticated calls will be performed. There will be multiple web apps to service these APIs. Is there a best-practice approach as to where the authentication should occur? I have thought of two possible places. Have each web app perform the authentication by using a shared authentication service. This seems to be in line with tools like Spring Security, which is configured at the web app level. Protect each web app with a "gateway" for security. In this approach, the web app never receives unauthenticated calls. This seems to be the approach of Apache HTTP Server Authentication. With this approach, would you use Apache or nginx to protect it, or something else in between Apache/nginx and your web app? For additional reference, the authentication is similar to services like AWS that have a non-secret identifier combined with a shared secret key. I am also considering using HMAC. Also, we are writing the web services in Java using Spring. Update: To clarify, each request needs to be authenticated with the identifier and secret key. This is similar to how AWS REST requests work.

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• Python class representation under the hood

  - by decentralised

  OK, here is a simple Python class: class AddSomething(object): __metaclass__ = MyMetaClass x = 10 def __init__(self, a): self.a = a def add(self, a, b): return a + b We have specified a metaclass, and that means we could write something like this: class MyMetaClass(type): def __init__(cls, name, bases, cdict): # do something with the class Now, the cdict holds a representation of AddSomething: AddSomething = type('AddSomething', (object,), {'x' : 10, '__init__': __init__, 'add': add}) So my question is simple, are all Python classes represented in this second format internally? If not, how are they represented? EDIT - Python 2.7

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• Pass FORTRAN variable to Python [migrated]

  - by Matthew Bilskie

  I have a FORTRAN program that is called from a Python script (as an ArcGIS tool). I need to pass an array, Raster_Z(i,j), from FORTRAN to python. I have read about the Python subprocess module; however, I have not had much luck in understanding how to do this with FORTRAN. All examples I have found involve simple unix command line calls and not actual programs. Has anyone had any experience in passing a variable from FORTRAN to Python via a memory PIPE? Thank you for your time.

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• Securing iOS or Android Backend API

  - by El Guapo

  I have an application that I am writing for both iOS and Android; this application will be served by a ReSTFUL API running on a cluster of servers on "the internets". I am curious how the rest of the world is going about securing their APIs so only specific applications running on iOS or Android can use these APIs. I could go the same route as other OAuth providers by providing a key/secret combination (2-legged OAuth), however, what do I do if I ever have to change these keys??? Do I create a new key/secret for every person that downloads the app???

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• Should I swap from WCF to NserviceBus

  - by Matt Roberts

  We have a central server that sends and recieves messages from a number of PCs that are located on client networks in various locations. To facilitate this, currently I'm using WCF with TCPNetBindings, using duplex communication secured with certificates. Now, we have a number of issues with this - mainly that we are being asked to support "disconnected mode" (we need to be fault tolerant). From what I know, there is no simple way to do this using the WCF stack - we'd need to implement something and perhaps use msmq. I've been looking at NServiceBus lately, and from I can see it seems to fit the bill well - fault tolerance, messages can be sent over the internet via a simple http gateway, etc. I know it's well respected in the community, and I can see why from looking into it. So, my question is...Does employing NServiceBus sound like a sensible idea, or does anyone have any other suggestions / real world experience that relate to this? I guess I'm worried of introducing a new tech that I know relatively little about, and facing problems with things like securing it, setting everything up in a reliable way, gotchas along the way.. I'm also wary of "gold-plating" the architecture, and choosing something shiny that will end up bogging me down in implementation versus sticking with WCF and just making it work for me.. Thanks!

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• In rails, what defines unit testing as opposed to other kinds of testing

  - by junky

  Initially I thought this was simple: unit testing for models with other testing such as integration for controller and browser testing for views. But more recently I've seen a lot of references to unit testing that doesn't seem to exactly follow this format. Is it possible to have a unit test of a controller? Does that mean that just one method is called? What's the distinction? What does unit testing really means in my rails world?

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• How to create a Semantic Network like wordnet based on Wikipedia?

  - by Forbidden Overseer

  I am an undergraduate student and I have to create a Semantic Network based on Wikipedia. This Semantic Network would be similar to Wordnet(except for it is based on Wikipedia and is concerned with "streams of text/topics" rather than simple words etc.) and I am thinking of using the Wikipedia XML dumps for the purpose. I guess I need to learn parsing an XML and "some other things" related to NLP and probably Machine Learning, but I am no way sure about anything involved herein after the XML parsing. Is the starting step: XML dump parsing into text a good idea/step? Any alternatives? What would be the steps involved after parsing XML into text to create a functional Semantic Network? What are the things/concepts I should learn in order to do them? I am not directly asking for book recommendations, but if you have read a book/article that teaches any thing related/helpful, please mention them. This may include a refernce to already existing implementations regarding the subject. Please correct me if I was wrong somewhere. Thanks!

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• Best Practices and Etiquette for Setting up Email Notifications

  - by George Stocker

  If you were going to set up a Email Alerts for the customers of your website to subscribe to, what rules of etiquette ought to be followed? I can think of a few off the top of my head: Users can Opt-Out Text Only (Or tasteful Remote Images) Not sent out more than once a week Clients have fine-grained control over what they receive emails about (Only receive what they are interested in) What other points should I consider? From a programming standpoint, what is the best method for setting up and running email notifications? Should I use an ASP.NET Service? A Windows Service? What are the pitfalls to either? How should I log emails that are sent? I don't care if they're received, but I do need to be able to prove that I did or did not send an email.

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• Does TDD really work for complex projects?

  - by Amir Rezaei

  I’m asking this question regarding problems I have experienced during TDD projects. I have noticed the following challenges when creating unit tests. Generating and maintaining mock data It’s hard and unrealistic to maintain large mock data. It’s is even harder when database structure undergoes changes. Testing GUI Even with MVVM and ability to test GUI, it takes a lot of code to reproduce the GUI scenario. Testing the business I have experience that TDD works well if you limit it to simple business logic. However complex business logic is hard to test since the number of combinations of tests (test space) is very large. Contradiction in requirements In reality it’s hard to capture all requirements under analysis and design. Many times one note requirements lead to contradiction because the project is complex. The contradiction is found late under implementation phase. TDD requires that requirements are 100% correct. In such cases one could expect that conflicting requirements would be captured during creating of tests. But the problem is that this isn’t the case in complex scenarios. I have read this question: Why does TDD work? Does TDD really work for complex enterprise projects, or is it practically limit to project type?

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• What's the difference between implementing an Interface explicitly or implicitly?

  - by Rachel

  In Visual Studio I can right-click on an interface and choose to Implement Interface, or Implement Interface Explicitly. public class Test : ITest { public string Id // Generated by Implement Interface { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } string ITest.Id // Generated by Implement Interface Explicitly { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } } The only difference I see between the two is that the Interface name is added to the interface properties and methods when they're created if you choose to Implement Interface Explicitly. I find it makes the code a bit more readable since I can see where that method/property comes from, however does this make any difference in how the class is used or compiled? And does it really matter if I implement my interfaces implicitly or explicitly?

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• Au revoir, Python?

  - by GuySmiley

  I'm an ex-C++ programmer who's recently discovered (and fallen head-over-heels with) Python. I've taken some time to become reasonably fluent in Python, but I've encountered some troubling realities that may lead me to drop it as my language of choice, at least for the time being. I'm writing this in the hopes that someone out there can talk me out of it by convincing me that my concerns are easily circumvented within the bounds of the python universe. I picked up python while looking for a single flexible language that will allow me to build end-to-end working systems quickly on a variety of platforms. These include: - web services - mobile apps - cross-platform client apps for PC Development speed is more of a priority at the time-being than execution speed. However, in order to improve performance over time without requiring major re-writes or architectural changes I think it's imperative to be able to interface easily with Java. That way, I can use Java to optimize specific components as the application scales, without throwing away any code. As far as I can tell, my requirement for an enterprise-capable, platform-independent, fast language with a large developer base means it would have to be Java. .NET or C++ would not cut it due to their respective limitations. Also Java is clearly de rigeur for most mobile platforms. Unfortunately, tragically, there doesn't seem to be a good way to meet all these demands. Jython seems to be what I'm looking for in principle, except that it appears to be practically dead, with no one developing, supporting, or using it to any great degree. And also Jython seems too married to the Java libraries, as you can't use many of the CPython standard libraries with it, which has a major impact on the code you end up writing. The only other option that I can see is to use JPype wrapped in marshalling classes, which may work although it seems like a pain and I wonder if it would be worth it in the long run. On the other hand, everything I'm looking for seems to be readily available by using JRuby, which seems to be much better supported. As things stand, I think this is my best option. I'm sad about this because I absolutely love everything about Python, including the syntax. The perl-like constructs in Ruby just feel like such a step backwards to me in terms of readability, but at the end of the day most of the benefits of python are available in Ruby as well. So I ask you - am I missing something here? Much of what I've said is based on what I've read, so is this summary of the current landscape accurate, or is there some magical solution to the Python-Java divide that will snuff these concerns and allow me to comfortably stay in my happy Python place?

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• Representation of data in application versus database

  - by user1815201

  I'm going to make an application that will be given data to put in a database. The data will for the most part be the same, but the way it is formatted will vary a lot (could be in anything from text files to .xls to .doc). I'm not a very experienced developer, but I can see some potential issues and I want to minimize them. First off I have decided to use the DAO pattern, so that I can easily support new file formats or file suddenly formatted in different ways. What I really wonder about though, is how I should manage the data itself within my application. I'm thinking that the database DAO should have models representing each table of the database with the same relations between them, to make the uploading process easy. But should the filesystem DAO's have to use the same models? I can imaging that when the database changes, the change will suddenly propagate throughout the entire system, all DAOs and models alike. And that is obviously a bad thing. I'm a little bit tired and out of time. Will update with what ever questions you have. Thanks!

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• Small projects using the cathedral model: does open-source lower security?

  - by Anto

  We know of Linus' law: With enough eyeballs all bugs are shallow In general, people seem to say that open-source software is more secure because of that very thing, but... There are many small OSS projects with just 1 or 2 developers (the cathedral model, as described by ESR). For these projects, does releasing the source-code actually lower the security? For projects like the Linux kernel there are thousands of developers and security vulnerabilities are quite likely going to be found, but when just some few people look through the source code, while allowing crackers (black hat hackers) to see the source as well, is the security lowered instead of increased? I know that the security advantage closed-source software has over OSS is security through obscurity, which isn't good (at all), but it could help to some degree, at least by giving those few devs some more time (security through obscurity doesn't help with the if but with the when). EDIT: The question isn't whether OSS is more secure than non-OSS software but if the advantages for crackers are greater than the advantages for the developers who want to prevent security vulnerabilities from being exploited.

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• How are Programing Language Designed?

  - by Anteater7171

  After doing a bit of programing, I've become quite curious on language design itself. I'm still a novice (I've been doing it for about a year), so the majority of my code pertains to only two fields (GUI design in Python and basic algorithms in C/C++). I have become intrigued with how the actual languages themselves are written. I mean this in both senses. Such as how it was literally written (ie, what language the language was written in). As well as various features like white spacing (Python) or object orientation (C++ and Python). Where would one start learning how to write a language? What are some of the fundamentals of language design, things that would make it a "complete" language?

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• How can I become more agile?

  - by dough

  The definition of an agile approach I've adopted is: working to reduce feedback loops, everywhere. I'd describe my Personal Development Process (PDP) as "not very agile" or "not agile enough"! I've adopted TDD, automated building, and time-boxing (using the Pomodoro Technique) as part of my PDP. I find these practices really help me get feedback, review my direction, and catch yak shaving earlier! However, what still escapes me is the ability to reduce feedback time in the ultimate feedback loop; regularly getting working software in front of the end user. Aside from team-oriented practices, what can I do to personally become more agile?

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• Does the deprecation of mysql_* functions in PHP carry over to other Databases(MSSQL)?

  - by MobyD

  I'm not talking about MySQL, I'm talking about Microsoft SQL Server I've been aware of PDO for quite some time now, standard mysql functions are dangerous and should be avoided. http://php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-connect.php But what about the MSSQL function in PHP? They are, for most purposes, identical sets of functions, but the PHP page describing mssql_* carries no warning of deprecation. http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.mssql-connect.php There are PDO drivers available for MSSQL, but they aren't quite as readily available or used as the MySQL drivers. Ideally, it looks to me like I should get them working and move from mssql_* to PDO like I have with MySQL, but is it as big of a priority? Is there some hidden safety to MSSQL that means it's exempt from all of the mysql_* hatred as of late? Or is its obscurity as a backend the only reason there hasn't been more PDO encouragement?

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• Are there any companies using BDD in a .NET environment?

  - by Nick

  I've seen BDD in action (in this case using SpecFlow and Selenium in a .NET environment) for a small test project. I was very impressed - mainly due to the fact that the language used to specify the acceptance tests meant they engaged with the product owner much more easily. I'm now keen to bring this into my current organisation. However I'm asked 'who else uses this?' and 'show me some case-studies'. Unfortunately I cannot find any 'big names' (or even 'small names' for that matter!) of companies who are actively using BDD. I have two questions really: Is BDD adopted by companies out there? Who are they? How can BDD be implemented in an agile .NET environment and are there any significant drawbacks to doing it?

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• Dangerous programming

  - by benhowdle89

  Ok, i'm talking pure software/web, i'm not on about code to power Life Support machines or NASA rockets. In terms of software/web development what is the most dangerous single piece of code someone could put into a program (say if they had a grudge against a client/employee) In PHP, the first thing that comes to mind is some sort of file deletion: function EmptyDir($dir) { $handle=opendir($dir); while (($file = readdir($handle))!==false) { echo "$file <br>"; @unlink($dir.'/'.$file); } closedir($handle); } EmptyDir('images'); Or a PHP script that takes a user's sensitive input and posts it to Google sitemap or something? I hope this doesnt get closed off as subjective as there surely must be a ranking order of dangerous code. So i'm asking for the No.1 spot :) DISCLAIMER: I have no grudges against anyone, just curious for the answer!

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• Advanced Search Stored procedure

  - by Ray Eatmon

  So I am working on an MVC ASP.NET web application which centers around lots of data and data manipulation. PROBLEM OVERVIEW: We have an advanced search with 25 different filter criteria. I am using a stored procedure for this search. The stored procedure takes in parameters, filter for specific objects, and calculates return data from those objects. It queries large tables 14 millions records on some table, filtering and temp tables helped alleviate some of the bottle necks for those queries. ISSUE: The stored procedure used to take 1 min to run, which creates a timeout returning 0 results to the browser. I rewrote the procedure and got it down to 21 secs so the timeout does not occur. This ONLY occurs this slow the FIRST time the search is run, after that it takes like 5 secs. I am wondering should I take a different approach to this problem, should I worry about this type of performance issue if it does not timeout?

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• Why use try … finally without a catch clause?

  - by Nick Rosencrantz

  The classical way to program is with try / catch but when is it appropriate to use try without catch? In Python the following appears legal and can make sense: try: #do work finally: #do something unconditional But we didn't catch anything. Similarly one could think in Java it would be try { //for example try to get a database connection } finally { //closeConnection(connection) } It looks good and suddenly I don't have to worry about exception types etc. But if this is good practice, when is it good practice? Or reasons why this is not good practice or not legal (I didn't compile the source I'm asking about and it could be a syntax error for Java but I checked that the Python surely compiles.) A related problem I've run into is that I continue writing the function / method and at the end I must return something and I'm in a place which should not be reached and it must be a return point so even if I handle the exceptions above I'm still returning null or an empty string at some point in the code which should not be reached, often the end of the method / function. I've always managed to restructure to code so that I don't have to return null since that absolutely appears to look like less than good practice.

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• What can I do with the twitter API?

  - by aditya menon

  I've tried googling for this but could not find concrete developer examples. When building mundane daily web applications like Classified websites, Job boards or Intranet targeted Document Management Systems, how can the twitter API help me do more things. May I please have some examples on how developers have used twitter to make their apps better? Other than the obvious use for promotional and search engine optimization purpose (yay there's a new job post on our site), what can I do with it? Also, am I late to the party? I hear a lot of upset on the internet about how twitter is apparently slowly betraying developers (I don't understand the specifics), so should I even look at the system or consider alternatives?

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• Confused about ASP.NET Ajax, jQuery and JavaScript

  - by Mr.Y

  Yesterday, I read couple of chapters on ASP.NET Ajax and jQuery from my ASP.NET 4 book and I found those frameworks pretty interesting and decide to learn more about them. Today, I borrowed some books from library on Ajax and JavaScript. It seems ASP.NET Ajax is different from Ajax and jQuery seems like the "new" JavaScript. Does it mean that I can skip JavaScript and learn jQuery directly? On the other hand, the non-ASP.NET Ajax book I borrowed seems to apply to the client side web programming only and looks quite different from what I learned from ASP.NET Ajax. If I'm an ASP.NET developer, I guess I should stick with ASP.NET Ajax instead of client side Ajax right? What about PHP? Is there a "PHP Ajax" similar to ASP.NET Ajax? It's not that I'm lazy to learn other tools, but I just want to focus on the right ones.

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• Understand how the TLB (Translation Lookaside buffer) works and interacts with pagetable and addresses

  - by Darxval

  So I am trying to understand this TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer). But I am having a hard time grasping it. in context of having two streams of addresses, tlb and pagetable. I don't understand the association of the TLB to the streamed addresses/tags and page tables. a. 4669, 2227, 13916, 34587, 48870, 12608, 49225 b. 12948, 49419, 46814, 13975, 40004, 12707 TLB Valid Tag Physical Page Number 1 11 12 1 7 4 1 3 6 0 4 9 Page Table Valid Physical Page or in Disk 1 5 0 Disk 0 Disk 1 6 1 9 1 11 0 Disk 1 4 0 Disk 0 Disk 1 3 1 12 How does the TLB work with the pagetable and addresses? The homework question given is: Given the address stream in the table, and the initial TLB and page table states shown above, show the final state of the system also list for each reference if it is a hit in the TLB, a hit in the page table or a page fault. But I think first i just need to know how does the TLB work with these other elements and how to determine things. How do I even start to answer this question?

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