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  • First languages with generic programming support

    - by oluies
    Which was the first language with generic programming support, and what was the first major staticly typed language (widely used) with generics support. Generics implement the concept of parameterized types to allow for multiple types. The term generic means "pertaining to or appropriate to large groups of classes." I have seen the following mentions of "first": First-order parametric polymorphism is now a standard element of statically typed programming languages. Starting with System F [20,42] and functional programming lan- guages, the constructs have found their way into mainstream languages such as Java and C#. In these languages, first-order parametric polymorphism is usually called generics. From "Generics of a Higher Kind", Adriaan Moors, Frank Piessens, and Martin Odersky Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by Ada in 1983 From Wikipedia Generic Programming

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  • Jersey 2.0 Integrated into GlassFish 4.0

    - by Jakub Podlesak
    The latest promoted build of GlassFish 4.0 (glassfish-4.0-b43.zip) now contains upgraded Jersey version, 2.0-m05. Users are getting an early access to the implementation of some parts of the JAX-RS 2.0 API Early Draft Review 3. The appropriate JAX-RS bundle, version 2.0-m09 , gets bundled into GlassFish 4.0 as well. What should work The simple answer is: all the basic stuff. We have particularly tested the following two examples: simple hello world webapp multipart webapp Both above linked archives contain adjusted projects, so that resulting war files do not bundle any Jersey dependencies. Both also use Jersey 2 specific Servlet class, org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer, for deployment. See Martin's blog post on how to package war applications capable of running with both Jersey 1 and Jersey 2 ServletContainer classes. What has not been covered yet The main areas, which have not been touched yet in Jersey 2 are: EJB integration CDI integration Validation These are also the areas where we are going to spend the most of our cycles in the coming month.

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  • What is considered third party code?

    - by Songo
    Inspired by this question Using third-party libraries - always use a wrapper? I wanted to know what people actually consider as third-party libraries. Example from PHP: If I'm building an application using Zend framework, should I treat Zend framework libraries as third party code? Example from C#: If I'm building a desktop application, should I treat all .Net classes as third party code? Example from Java: Should I treat all libraries in the JDK as third party libraries? Some people say that if a library is stable and won't change often then one doesn't need to wrap it. However I fail to see how one would test a class that depends on a third party code without wrapping it.

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  • Investigating a big C++ project from its source code [closed]

    - by user827992
    Possible Duplicate: What is the best method to start understanding BIG project source code? I have a project that I would like to dissect to learn something new from it. This project is about 200 megabytes. For me, it is just impossible to open every cpp and hpp file and read each and every one. I also don't know what is the best approach in this case. Many people on the internet are looking for an UML tool to generate some kind of graph. I think that UML works well when you are starting a project and you want to express the business logic of your classes and methods. In my opinion UML is totally useless when studying a project only from its source code. Also UML is an OO language, in a large sized C++ project I find a lot of stuff that is not an object and can express some other kind of paradigm. Can you name a tool or a class of software that can help with this?

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  • How do I fix these compiler errors in Apple Crunch?

    - by BluFire
    I've been looking around and I finally got the full source code for a game called Apple-Crunch from Google Code. But when I put it into my project, the source code included so many errors in the class files such as: cannot be resolved into a type the constructor is undefined the method method() is undefined for the type Sprite class.java I downloaded the source directly from the command-line and noticed errors popping up on my project. Since I couldn't figure out how to import the actual folder into my workspace (it wouldn't show up on existing projects) I decided to copy and overwrite the folders into the project. The errors were still there so I looked at the class files and noticed that the classes with errors extended from RokonActivity. I then proceeded to add to the libs folder the Rokon library in hopes to fix the errors. Sadly it didn't work and now I don't what to do to fix the errors. How do I fix the errors without having to manually change the code? The source code should be fully functional so why are there errors?

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  • Did You Know: What do you know that isn't so?

    - by Kalen Delaney
    You know what they say… it's not what you don't know that will hurt you, it's what you know that isn't so! In other words, your misconceptions. Or, as Paul Nielson calls them in his SQL Server Bible … MYTHconceptions. Some misconceptions come from misunderstanding of complex information, or from misinterpreting your own results, and assuming we can generalize behavior from one particular situation. Since I teach advanced classes to students with lots of SQL Server experience, I actually see a lot...(read more)

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  • Drawing an animation over an already drawn screen

    - by Chandan Pednekar
    I am working on a XNA WP7 card game whose basic prototype is complete. In game screen, 6 cards are displayed at a time (3 for each of the two players say 1,2 and 3). If player A attacks one of player B's card then I want to show an animation over player B's card i.e the victim card(say a claw scratch for e.g.) My question is how do I approach with the animation system so that I can draw an animation over a card upon certain events e.g. dead, fire, claw attack etc. I have an attack function which detects which type of card is attacking which type of card. Depending on the type of attacker card I want to display the animation on the victim card. Can I call animation classes function for different animations in the attack function itself without actually having to call separate draw and update functions. If so, how? Also how do I play sound at the same time when the animation is going on?

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  • When should one use the Abstract, Implements, or extends keywords?

    - by kdavis8
    I'm just now moving from a beginner to intermediate level android programmer in the java language. i can successfully write a game framework of classes that work together to accomplish a task beyond basic things, like hello world. but i'm having issues with some pretty basic OOP concepts; When should i derive from an abstract class? When is it more efficient to use an Interface instead of simply sub classing a parent? Basically, between extends, implements, and the abstract keywords, which keywords should be used instead of the others? i'm not looking for a basic definition, as i know them. i need to no when and why i should apply them to my code? what advantages does one have over the other? which is best for game development?

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  • How to estimate freight / shipping costs ??

    - by Vani
    Hi, I am working on a PHP web application and want to know the best way to estimate freight costs in USA. The site deals with construction materials that uses LTL or Truck loads. I found a few sites like www.freightCenter.com that provide quotes using webservice. Two drawbacks, its paid service and the other, my site response time is slow if I use the webservice. Is there a open source tool/logic avaliable for estimating shipping / freight costs?? Or a way to determine the rate per mile per pound for different freight classes? Thank you, Vani

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  • Top Questions and Answers for Pluging into Oracle Database as a Service

    - by David Swanger
    Yesterday we hosted a comprehensive online forum that shared a comprehensive path to help your organization design, deploy, and deliver a Database as a Service cloud. If you missed the online forum, you can watch it on demand by registering here. We received numerous questions.  Below are highlights of the most informative: DBaaS requires a lengthy and careful design efforts. What is the minimum requirements of setting up a scaled-down environment and test it out? You should have an OEM 12c environment for DBaaS administration and then a target database deployment platform that has the key characteristics of what your production environment will look like. This could be a single server or it could be a small pool of hosts if your production DBaaS will be larger and you want to test a more robust / real world configuration with Zones and Pools or DR capabilities for example. How does this benefit companies having their own data center? This allows companies to transform their internal IT to a service delivery model for the database. The benefits to the company are significant cost savings, improved business agility and reduced risk. The benefits to the consumers (internal) of services if much fast provisioning, and response to change in business requirements. From a deployment perspective, is DBaaS's job solely DBA's job? The best deployment model enables the DBA (or end-user) to control the entire process. All resources required to deploy the service are pre-provisioned, and there are no external dependencies (on network, storage, sysadmins teams). The service is created either via a self-service portal or by the DBA. The purpose of self service seems to be that the end user does not rely on the DBA. I just need to give him a template. He decides how much AMM he needs. Why shall I set it one by one. That doesn't seem to be the purpose of self service. Most customers we have worked with define a standardized service catalog, with a few (2 to 5) different classes of service. For each of these classes, there is a pre-defined deployment template, and the user has the ability to select from some pre-defined service sizes. The administrator only has to create this catalog once. Each user then simply selects from the options offered in the catalog.  Looking at DBaaS service definition, it seems to be no different from a service definition provided by a well defined DBA team. Why do you attribute it to DBaaS? There are a couple of perspectives. First, some organizations might already be operating with a high level of standardization and a higher level of maturity from an ITIL or Service Management perspective. Their journey to DBaaS could be shorter and their Service Definition will evolve less but they still might need to add capabilities such as Self Service and Metering/Chargeback. Other organizations are still operating in highly siloed environments with little automation and their formal Service Definition (if they have one) will be a lot less mature today. Therefore their future state DBaaS will look a lot different from their current state, as will their Service Definition. How database as a service impact or help with "Click to Compute" or deploying "Database in cloud infrastructure" DBaaS enables Click to Compute. Oracle DBaaS can be implemented using three architecture models: Oracle Multitenant 12c, native consolidation using Oracle Database and consolidation using virtualization in infrastructure cloud. As Deploy session showed, you get higher consolidating density and efficiency using Multitenant and higher isolation using infrastructure cloud. Depending upon your business needs, DBaaS can be implemented using any of these models. How exactly is the DBaaS different from the traditional db? Storage/OS/DB all together to 'transparently' provide service to applications? Will there be across-databases access by application/user. Some key differences are: 1) The services run on a shared platform. 2) The services can be rapidly provisioned (< 15 minutes). 3) The services are dynamic and can be relocated, grown, shrunk as needed to meet business needs without disruption and rapidly. 4) The user is able to provision the services directly from a standardized service catalog.. With 24x7x365 databases its difficult to find off peak hrs to do basic admin tasks such as gathering stats, running backups, batch jobs. How does pluggable database handle this and different needs/patching downtime of apps databases might be serving? You can gather stats in Oracle Multitenant the same way you had been in regular databases. Regarding patching/upgrading, Oracle Multitenant makes patch/upgrade very efficient in that you can pre-provision a new version/patched multitenant db in a different ORACLE_HOME and then unplug a PDB from its CDB and plug it into the newer/patched CDB in seconds.  Thanks for all the great questions!  If you'd like to learn more and missed the online forum, you can watch it on demand here.

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  • Collision detection with entities/AI

    - by James Williams
    I'm making my first game in Java, a top down 2D RPG. I've handled basic collision detection, rendering and have added an NPC, but I'm stuck on how to handle interaction between the player and the NPC. Currently I'm drawing out my level and then drawing characters, NPCs and animated tiles on top of this. The problem is keeping track of the NPCs so that my Character class can interact with methods in the NPC classes on collision. I'm not sure my method of drawing the level and drawing everything else on top is a good one - can anyone shed any light on this topic?

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  • Moving from XNA/C# to DirectX/C++ quite confused

    - by misiMe
    I made some game with XNA/C# for Windows Phone and Windows 8, since XNA is dead and Visual studio doesn't support it (I have to target Windows Phone 7.1 to build with XNA), I want to start learning something more "consistent in time" and improve my skills. I'm a little confused about the possibilities, because C++/DirectX alone seems difficult, so I found some high-level classes to help: DirectX Toolkit Cocos2D My questions are: What will happen when they will "die" like XNA? Is C++'s approces more "professional" than C#/XNA and why? Is C++'s approces more "portable"? Is C++'s approces more resistant in terms of time? Is there any consideration about DirectX TK and Cocos2D in terms of performance? I ask that because I found that every Game software house in my country looks for skilled C++ programmers.

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  • statistics for checking imported data?

    - by user1936
    I'm working on a data migration of several hundred nodes from a Drupal 6 to a Drupal 7 site. I've got the data exported to the new site and I want to check it. Harkening back to my statistics classes, I recall that there is some way to figure out a random number of nodes to check to give me some percentage of confidence that the whole process was correct. Can anyone enlighten me as to this practical application of statistics? For any given number of units, how big must the sample be to have a given confidence interval?

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  • How to profile LINQ to Entities queries in your asp.net applications - part 1

    - by nikolaosk
    I have been teaching ASP.Net and EF in one of my classes and I have been asked on the various ways we can profile database activity. Everyone that I know that uses EF as its data access layer has the same question. "How can I see the T-SQL code that the LINQ to Entities engine generates on the fly?" I know a lot of people use VS studio built-in visualisers but that is not enough. A lot of developers use SQL Server Profiler. That is also a good solution since we can see the queries(generated from...(read more)

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  • Learning PHP OOP

    - by Ryan Murphy
    I have been coding PHP for about 2 years now and I THINK that I have a very good grasps of the fundamental parts of PHP, i.e. Functions foreach/IF statements sessions/cookies POST/GET Amongst a few others. I want to move on to learning OOP PHP now, so learning how to use classes and making it a really valuable skill. I have 1 requirement, the source must be a respected source that doesn't teach developers bad habits. I have the book: PHP and MySQL Web Development However, as useful as that is I would like an online source. I would like to know from people with experience in OOP PHP, how and where did they learn OOP PHP. Obviously by doing, but I would really appreciate some great resources which help me along the way.

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  • What happened this type of naming convention?

    - by Smith
    I have read so many docs about naming conventions, most recommending both Pascal and Camel naming conventions. Well, I agree to this, its ok. This might not be pleasing to some, but I am just trying to get you opinion why you name you objects and classes in a certain way. What happened to this type of naming conventions, or why are they bad? I want to name a struct, and i prefix it with struct. My reason, so that in IntelliSense, I see all the struct in one place, and anywhere I see the struct prefix, I know it's a struct: structPerson structPosition anothe example is the enum, although I may not prefix it with "enum", but maybe with "enm": enmFruits enmSex again my reason is so that in IntelliSense, I see all my enums in one place. Because, .NET has so many built in data structures, I think this helps me do less searching. Please I used .NET in this example, but I welcome language agnostic answers.

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  • Why do employers care so much about GPA?

    - by Recursion
    I went to a pretty good engineering school and did CS. I graduated with a 2.86 gpa and really tried my best. I even took a few graduate classes in place of undergrad courses to challenge myself. I really liked those a lot. But the second question I am always asked is "What was your gpa?", this of course always comes after "How are you today?". Once I tell them either 2.86 or a rounded 2.9 they immediately shut off. I have even had them stop the interview saying the 3.0 is the cut off. Does a tenth of a point really mean that much?

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  • What are some concepts people should understand before programming "big" projects?

    - by Abafei
    A person new to programming may be able to make a good small program. However, when starting to work on anything bigger than a small (think 1 C source file or Python module) program, there are some general concepts which become much more important when working on "big" (think many Python modules or C files) programs; one example is modularity, another is having a set aim. Some of these may be obvious to people who went to school to learn programming; however, people like me who did not go to programming classes sometimes have to learn these things from experience, possibly creating failed projects in the meantime. ================================================== Please explain what the concept is, and why the concept becomes more important for big programs than by small programs. Please give only 1 concept per answer.

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  • Book Review: Expert Cube Development with Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services

    - by Greg Low
    I spent last week on campus in Redmond with the SQL Server Analysis Services Maestro program. It was great to have a chance to focus on SSAS for a week. As part of that, I did quite a bit of reading as I had quite a bit of travelling time. Ironically, I re-read a few books. The first was Marco Russo, Alberto Ferrari and Chris Webb's book Expert Cube Development with Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services . I've often told BI classes that I've been teaching that this is a really good book and...(read more)

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  • What do you look for in a scripting language?

    - by Jon Purdy
    I'm writing a little embedded language for another project. While game development was not its original intent, it's starting to look like a good fit, and I figure I'll develop it in that vein at some point. Without revealing any details (to avoid bias), I'm curious to know: What features do you love in a scripting language for game development? If you've used Lua, Python, or another embedded language such as Tcl or Guile as your primary scripting language in a game project, what aspects did you find the most useful? Language features (lambdas, classes, parallelism) Implementation features (performance optimisations, JIT, hardware acceleration) Integration features (C, C++, or .NET bindings) Or something entirely different?

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  • Why use sealed instead of static on a class?

    - by sq33G
    Our system has several utility classes. Some people on our team use (A) a class with all-static methods and a private constructor. Others use (B) a class with all-static methods (these the juniors). On code analysis, (A) and (B) raise warning CA1052, which recommends marking the class as sealed. Included in the MSDN documentation there is the following advice: If you are targeting .NET Framework 2.0 or earlier, a better approach is to mark the type as static. Why does this make any sense? I would have thought the opposite; AFAIK, previous to 2.0 there was no way to mark a class as static.

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  • Book (or resource) on Java bytecode

    - by Andrea
    I am looking for some resources on the JVM bytecode. Ideally I would for a short book; something more than a blog post but not a 800 pages tome. If it is relevant, I am a Scala developer, not a Java one, although I know Java just fine. I would like something that allowed me to read JVM bytecode and answer questions such as: Why does the bytecode has to know about high level construct such as classes? Are subtyping relations still visible in bytecode? How does type erasure work exactly? How do Oracle and Dalvik bytecode differ, and what consequences does this have for, say, developing Android apps with Scala? How does the JVM manage the stack, and why exactly this creates issues with tail call elimination? and so on.

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  • Inspecting the model in a Rails application

    - by Matt Sherman
    I am learning some Ruby on Rails, and am a newbie. Most of my background is in ASP.net MVC on the back end. As I play with a basic scaffold project, I wonder about this case: you jump into an established Rails project and want to get to know the model. Based on what I have seen so far (again, simple scaffold), the properties for a given class are not immediately revealed. I don't see property accessors on the model classes. I do understand that this is because of the dynamic nature of Ruby and such things are not necessary or even perhaps desirable. Convention over code, I get that. (Am familiar with dynamic concepts, mostly via JS.) But if I am somewhere off in a view, and want to quickly know whether the (eg) Person object has a MiddleName property, how would I find that out? I don't have to go into the migrations, do I?

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  • Support for non-english characters?

    - by TomJ
    Is support for non-english characters common in programming languages? I mean, technically, I would think it is feasable, but I don't have any experience in anything other than english, so I don't know how common it is. I know that there are non-english based programming languages, but can something like C#, C++, C, Java, or Python support non-english classes/methods/variables? Example in go (url, http://play.golang.org/p/wRYCNVdbjC) package main import "fmt" type ?? struct { ?? string } func main() { fmt.Println("Hello, ??") ?? := new(??) ??.?? = "hello world" fmt.Println(??.??) }

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  • Is it worth it to learn some programming before college?

    - by Howlgram
    I'm in my last year of highschool and I am very interested in programming, the thing is I don't know if it could be worth it to start learning programming now, im afraid that when I get to college they might just teach all I might have learned in a few classes making a waste the time spent on learning that before college. Right now I'm on my last year of highschool and I know absolutely nothing about programming. There are other similar questions where people answer saying it is good to learn beforehand, but I doubt their situation might be like mine, maybe they had much more time to learn programming (as if they were not on their last year of highschool) before college so they could learn some serious skills, besides they say they already know at least the basics about a language, instead, I know nothing and I have no idea how much could I learn this year. If it wasn't clear I want to study computer's science

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