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  • Number of elements in Python Set

    - by Tim
    I have a list of phone numbers that have been dialed (nums_dialed). I also have a set of phone numbers which are the number in a client's office (client_nums) How do I efficiently figure out how many times I've called a particular client (total) For example: >>>nums_dialed=[1,2,2,3,3] >>>client_nums=set([2,3]) >>>??? total=4 Problem is that I have a large-ish dataset: len(client_nums) ~ 10^5; and len(nums_dialed) ~10^3.

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  • Using Python, How to copy files in 'temporary internet files' folder in Windows

    - by pythBegin
    I am using this code to find files recursively in a folder , with size greater than 50000 bytes. def listall(parent): lis=[] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(parent): for name in files: if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: lis.append(os.path.join(root,name)) return lis This is working fine. But when I used this on 'temporary internet files' folder in windows, am getting this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module> listall(a) File "<pyshell#2>", line 5, in listall if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: File "C:\Python26\lib\genericpath.py", line 49, in getsize return os.stat(filename).st_size WindowsError: [Error 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\khedarnatha\\Local Settings\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.IE5\\EDS8C2V7\\??????+1[1].jpg' I think this is because windows gives names with special characters in this specific folder... Please help to sort out this issue.

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  • Help with authorization and redirection decorator in python (pylons)

    - by ensnare
    I'm trying to write a simple decorator to check the authentication of a user, and to redirect to the login page if s/he is not authenticated: def authenticate(f): try: if user['authenticated'] is True: return f except: redirect_to(controller='login', action='index') class IndexController(BaseController): @authenticate def index(self): return render('/index.mako' ) But this approach doesn't work. When a user is authenticated, everything is fine. But when the user is not authenticated, redirect_to() doesn't work and I am given this error: HTTPFound: 302 Found Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 0 location: /login Thank for your help!

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  • Python Terminated Thread Cannot Restart

    - by Mel Kaye
    Hello, I have a thread that gets executed when some action occurs. Given the logic of the program, the thread cannot possibly be started while another instance of it is still running. Yet when I call it a second time, I get a "RuntimeError: thread already started" error. I added a check to see if it is actually alive using the Thread.is_alive() function, and it is actually dead. What am I doing wrong? I can provide more details as are needed.

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • Accessing items from a dictionary using pickle efficiently in Python

    - by user248237
    I have a large dictionary mapping keys (which are strings) to objects. I pickled this large dictionary and at certain times I want to pull out only a handful of entries from it. The dictionary has usually thousands of entries total. When I load the dictionary using pickle, as follows: from cPickle import * # my dictionary from pickle, containing thousands of entries mydict = open(load('mypickle.pickle')) # accessing only handful of entries here for entry in relevant_entries: # find relevant entry value = mydict[entry] I notice that it can take up to 3-4 seconds to load the entire pickle, which I don't need, since I access only a tiny subset of the dictionary entries later on (shown above.) How can I make it so pickle only loads those entries that I have from the dictionary, to make this faster? Thanks.

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  • Python unittest: Generate multiple tests programmatically?

    - by Rosarch
    I have a function to test, under_test, and a set of expected input/output pairs: [ (2, 332), (234, 99213), (9, 3), # ... ] I would like each one of these input/output pairs to be tested in its own test_* method. Is that possible? This is sort of what I want, but forcing every single input/output pair into a single test: class TestPreReqs(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.expected_pairs = [(23, 55), (4, 32)] def test_expected(self): for exp in self.expected_pairs: self.assertEqual(under_test(exp[0]), exp[1]) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

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  • Python: combine two neighbor list components

    - by kame
    When i use this code I get elements wich containing one number or letter. How to combine two neighbors? data = '4D41544C414220352E30204D41542D66696C652C20506C6174666F726D3A20504357494E2C2043726561746564206F6E3A20576564204D61792030352031363A31393A3337203230313020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200001494D0F00000026000000789CE36360607000623620E680D220C00AE53343312310BA00692620E604F351010025BE00C8' data2 = list(data) print data2

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  • Catch clearly defined exception from sub.submodule in python

    - by mynthon
    I have 3 files. xxx which imports xxx2 and xxx2 imports xxx3 which one raises OppsError exception. xxx3.py: class OppsError(Exception):pass def go(): raise OppsError() xxx2.py: import xxx3 xxx3.go() xxx.py: try: import xxx2 except xxx3.OppsError: print 'ops' When i run xxx.py i get error NameError: name 'xxx3' is not defined. Is importing xxx3 inside xxx only way to catch OppsError?

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  • python tarfile adding files without directory hiearchy

    - by theactiveactor
    When I invoke add() on a tarfile object with a file path, the file is added to the tarball with directory hiearchy associated .In other words, if I unzip the tarfile the directories in the original dir hiearchy are reproduced. Is there a way to simply add a plainfile without directory info that untarring the resulting tarball produce a flat list of files?

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  • Python List length as a string

    - by mvid
    Is there a preferred (not ugly) way of outputting a list length as a string? Currently I am nesting function calls like so: print "Length: %s" % str(len(self.listOfThings)) This seems like a hack solution, is there a more graceful way of achieving the same result?

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  • Python - Removing duplicates from a string

    - by Daniel
    def remove_duplicates(strng): """ Returns a string which is the same as the argument except only the first occurrence of each letter is present. Upper and lower case letters are treated as different. Only duplicate letters are removed, other characters such as spaces or numbers are not changed. >>> remove_duplicates('apple') 'aple' >>> remove_duplicates('Mississippi') 'Misp' >>> remove_duplicates('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') 'The quick brown fx jmps v t lazy dg' >>> remove_duplicates('121 balloons 2 u') '121 balons 2 u' """ s = strng.split() return strng.replace(s[0],"") Writing a function to get rid of duplicate letters but so far have been playing around for an hour and can't get anything. Help would be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Python Pandas operate on row

    - by wuha
    Hi my dataframe look like: Store,Dept,Date,Sales 1,1,2010-02-05,245 1,1,2010-02-12,449 1,1,2010-02-19,455 1,1,2010-02-26,154 1,1,2010-03-05,29 1,1,2010-03-12,239 1,1,2010-03-19,264 Simply, I need to add another column called '_id' as concatenation of Store, Dept, Date like "1_1_2010-02-05", I assume I can do it through df['id'] = df['Store'] +'' +df['Dept'] +'_'+df['Date'], but it turned out to be not. Similarly, i also need to add a new column as log of sales, I tried df['logSales'] = math.log(df['Sales']), again, it did not work.

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  • Python sort 2-D list by time string

    - by Mark Kennedy
    How do I sort a multi dimensional list like this based on a time string? The sublists can be of different sizes (i.e. 4 and 5, here) I want to sort by comparing the first time string in each sublist (sublist[-4]) x = (['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5]) The sorted result would be sortedX = (['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5]) I tried the following: sortedX = sorted(x, key=lambda k : k[-4]) #k[-4] is the first time string and it works but it doesn't respect the sublist size ordering

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  • Python: NameError: 'self' is not defined

    - by Rosarch
    I must be doing something stupid. I'm running this in Google App Engine: def render(self, template_name, template_data): path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static/templates/%s.html' % template_name) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_data)) This gives an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3192, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3135, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 516, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2394, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2304, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2200, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "main.py", line 22, in <module> class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): File "main.py", line 38, in MainHandler self.writeOut(template.render(path, template_data)) NameError: name 'self' is not defined What am I doing wrong?

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  • python regular expressions, how to extract longest of overlapping groups

    - by xulochavez
    Hi How can I extract the longest of groups which start the same way For example, from a given string, I want to extract the longest match to either CS or CSI. I tried this "(CS|CSI).*" and it it will return CS rather than CSI even if CSI is available. If I do "(CSI|CS).*" then I do get CSI if it's a match, so I gues the solution is to always place the shorter of the overlaping groups after the longer one. Is there a clearer way to express this with re's? somehow it feels confusing that the result depends on the order you link the groups.

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  • Adding items to dictionary if condition is true, else dont - python

    - by CodeTalk
    I'm trying to take an existing process: if self.path_object is not None: dictpath = {} for path in self.path_object: self.params = path.pathval.split("?")[0] self.params = path.pathval.split("&", 2) if path.pathval.contains(self.params): out = list(map(lambda v: v.split("=")[0] +"=" + str(self.fuzz_vectors), self.params)) else: pass dictpath[path] = out print dictpath I added the sub-if/else block in, but it is failing, stating: AttributeError: 'unicode' object has no attribute 'contains' on the if block . How can I fix it? I'm simply trying to do: if the path.pathval has either ? or & in it: add to dictionary else: pass #forget about it. Thanks!

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  • Python - open text file, but specify name when executing command

    - by Dunnolol
    I have a directory of text files that all end in the extension .txt My goal is to print the contents of the text file. I wish to be able use the wildcard *.txt to be able to specific the text file name I wish to open (I'm thinking along the lines of something like "F:\text*.txt" ?), split the lines of the text file, then print the output. Here is an example of what I want to do, but I want to be able to change "somefile" when executing my command. f = open('F:\text\somefile.txt', 'r') for line in f: print line,

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