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  • Accessing items from a dictionary using pickle efficiently in Python

    - by user248237
    I have a large dictionary mapping keys (which are strings) to objects. I pickled this large dictionary and at certain times I want to pull out only a handful of entries from it. The dictionary has usually thousands of entries total. When I load the dictionary using pickle, as follows: from cPickle import * # my dictionary from pickle, containing thousands of entries mydict = open(load('mypickle.pickle')) # accessing only handful of entries here for entry in relevant_entries: # find relevant entry value = mydict[entry] I notice that it can take up to 3-4 seconds to load the entire pickle, which I don't need, since I access only a tiny subset of the dictionary entries later on (shown above.) How can I make it so pickle only loads those entries that I have from the dictionary, to make this faster? Thanks.

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  • I need to make a multithreading program (python)

    - by Andreawu98
    import multiprocessing import time from itertools import product out_file = open("test.txt", 'w') P = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p','q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',] N = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] M = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'] c = int(input("Insert the number of digits you want: ")) n = int(input("If you need number press 1: ")) m = int(input("If you need upper letters press 1: ")) i = [] if n == 1: P = P + N if m == 1: P = P + M then = time.time() def worker(): for i in product(P, repeat=c): #check every possibilities k = '' for z in range(0, c): # k = k + str(i[z]) # print each possibility in a txt without parentesis or comma out_file.write( k + '\n') # out_file.close() now = time.time() diff = str(now - then) # To see how long does it take print(diff) worker() time.sleep(10) # just to check console The code check every single possibility and print it out in a test.txt file. It works but I really can't understand how can I speed it up. I saw it use 1 core out of my quad core CPU so I thought Multi-threading might work even though I don't know how. Please help me. Sorry for my English, I am from Italy.

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  • Python: Regex outputs 12_34 - I need 1234

    - by Guy F-W
    So I have input coming in like: 12_34 5_6_8_2 4___3 1234 and the output I need from it is: 1234, 5682, 43, 1234 I'm currently working with r'[0-9]+[0-9_]*'.replace('_','') which (as far as I can tell) successfully rejects any input which is not a combination of numeric digits and under-scores, where the underscore cannot be the first character. However, replacing the _ with the empty string causes 12_34 to come out as 12 and 34. Is there a better method than 'replace' for this? Or could I adapt my regex to deal with this problem?

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  • Python Beautiful Soup .content Property

    - by Robert Birch
    What does BeautifulSoup's .content do? I am working through crummy.com's tutorial and I don't really understand what .content does. I have looked at the forums and I have not seen any answers. Looking at the code below.... from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup import re doc = ['<html><head><title>Page title</title></head>', '<body><p id="firstpara" align="center">This is paragraph <b>one</b>.', '<p id="secondpara" align="blah">This is paragraph <b>two</b>.', '</html>'] soup = BeautifulSoup(''.join(doc)) print soup.contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].name I would expect the last line of the code to print out 'body' instead of... File "pe_ratio.py", line 29, in <module> print soup.contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].name File "C:\Python27\lib\BeautifulSoup.py", line 473, in __getattr__ raise AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (self.__class__.__name__, attr) AttributeError: 'NavigableString' object has no attribute 'name' Is .content only concerned with html, head and title? If, so why is that? Thanks for the help in advance.

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  • Copy files in folder up one directory in python

    - by Aaron Hoffman
    I have a folder with a few files that I would like to copy one directory up (this folder also has some files that I don't want to copy). I know there is the os.chdir("..") command to move me to the directory. However, I'm not sure how to copy those files I need into this directory. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Python Terminated Thread Cannot Restart

    - by Mel Kaye
    Hello, I have a thread that gets executed when some action occurs. Given the logic of the program, the thread cannot possibly be started while another instance of it is still running. Yet when I call it a second time, I get a "RuntimeError: thread already started" error. I added a check to see if it is actually alive using the Thread.is_alive() function, and it is actually dead. What am I doing wrong? I can provide more details as are needed.

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  • Python Pandas operate on row

    - by wuha
    Hi my dataframe look like: Store,Dept,Date,Sales 1,1,2010-02-05,245 1,1,2010-02-12,449 1,1,2010-02-19,455 1,1,2010-02-26,154 1,1,2010-03-05,29 1,1,2010-03-12,239 1,1,2010-03-19,264 Simply, I need to add another column called '_id' as concatenation of Store, Dept, Date like "1_1_2010-02-05", I assume I can do it through df['id'] = df['Store'] +'' +df['Dept'] +'_'+df['Date'], but it turned out to be not. Similarly, i also need to add a new column as log of sales, I tried df['logSales'] = math.log(df['Sales']), again, it did not work.

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  • Finding most recently edited file in python

    - by zztpp5521
    I have a set of folders, and I want to be able to run a function that will find the most recently edited file and tell me the name of the file and the folder it is in. Folder layout: root Folder A File A File B Folder B File C File D etc... Any tips to get me started as i've hit a bit of a wall.

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  • Catch clearly defined exception from sub.submodule in python

    - by mynthon
    I have 3 files. xxx which imports xxx2 and xxx2 imports xxx3 which one raises OppsError exception. xxx3.py: class OppsError(Exception):pass def go(): raise OppsError() xxx2.py: import xxx3 xxx3.go() xxx.py: try: import xxx2 except xxx3.OppsError: print 'ops' When i run xxx.py i get error NameError: name 'xxx3' is not defined. Is importing xxx3 inside xxx only way to catch OppsError?

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  • convert the key in MIME encoded form in python

    - by jaysh
    this is the code : f = urllib.urlopen('http://pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search= 0x58e9390daf8c5bf3') #Retrieve the public key from PKS data = f.read() decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(data) print decoded_bytes i need to convert the key in MIME encoded form which is presently comes in (ascii armored) radix 64 format.for that i have to get this radix64 format in its binary form and also need to remove its header and checksum than coversion in MIME format but i didnt find any method which can do this conversion. i used the base64.b64decode method and its give me error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "RetEnc.py", line 12, in ? decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(data) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/base64.py", line 76, in b64decode raise TypeError(msg) TypeError: Incorrect padding what to do i'didnt getting .can anybody suggest me something related to this...... thanks!!!!

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  • python win32api registery key change

    - by user340495
    Hi, I am trying to trigger an event every time a registry value is being modified. import win32api import win32event import win32con import _winreg key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,'Control Panel\Desktop',0,_winreg.KEY_READ) sub_key = _winreg.CreateKey(key,'Wallpaper') evt = win32event.CreateEvent(None,0,0,None) win32api.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(sub_key,1,win32api.REG_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES,evt,True) ret_code=win32event.WaitForSingleObject(evt,3000) if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_OBJECT_0: print "CHANGED" if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_TIMEOUT: print "TIMED" my problem is that this is never triggered , the event always time-out. (the reg key I am trying to follow is the wallpaper) [ please note I trigger the event by 1) manually changing the registry value in regedit 2) an automated script which run this : from ctypes import windll from win32con import * windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0,"C:\wall.jpg",SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ] Thanks for any help in advance :) EDIT:: sorry about formatting

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  • Python code, extracting extensions

    - by user1434001
    import os path = '/Users/Marjan/Documents/Nothing/Costco' print path names = os.listdir(path) print len(names) for name in names: print name Here is the code I've been using, it lists all the names in this category in terminal. There are a few filenames in this file (Costco) that don't have .html and _files. I need to pick them out, the only issue is that it has over 2,500 filenames. Need help on a code that will search through this path and pick out all the filenames that don't end with .html or _files. Thanks guys

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  • Python List length as a string

    - by mvid
    Is there a preferred (not ugly) way of outputting a list length as a string? Currently I am nesting function calls like so: print "Length: %s" % str(len(self.listOfThings)) This seems like a hack solution, is there a more graceful way of achieving the same result?

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  • python tarfile adding files without directory hiearchy

    - by theactiveactor
    When I invoke add() on a tarfile object with a file path, the file is added to the tarball with directory hiearchy associated .In other words, if I unzip the tarfile the directories in the original dir hiearchy are reproduced. Is there a way to simply add a plainfile without directory info that untarring the resulting tarball produce a flat list of files?

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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Python sort 2-D list by time string

    - by Mark Kennedy
    How do I sort a multi dimensional list like this based on a time string? The sublists can be of different sizes (i.e. 4 and 5, here) I want to sort by comparing the first time string in each sublist (sublist[-4]) x = (['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5]) The sorted result would be sortedX = (['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5]) I tried the following: sortedX = sorted(x, key=lambda k : k[-4]) #k[-4] is the first time string and it works but it doesn't respect the sublist size ordering

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  • Number of elements in Python Set

    - by Tim
    I have a list of phone numbers that have been dialed (nums_dialed). I also have a set of phone numbers which are the number in a client's office (client_nums) How do I efficiently figure out how many times I've called a particular client (total) For example: >>>nums_dialed=[1,2,2,3,3] >>>client_nums=set([2,3]) >>>??? total=4 Problem is that I have a large-ish dataset: len(client_nums) ~ 10^5; and len(nums_dialed) ~10^3.

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  • Python - Removing duplicates from a string

    - by Daniel
    def remove_duplicates(strng): """ Returns a string which is the same as the argument except only the first occurrence of each letter is present. Upper and lower case letters are treated as different. Only duplicate letters are removed, other characters such as spaces or numbers are not changed. >>> remove_duplicates('apple') 'aple' >>> remove_duplicates('Mississippi') 'Misp' >>> remove_duplicates('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') 'The quick brown fx jmps v t lazy dg' >>> remove_duplicates('121 balloons 2 u') '121 balons 2 u' """ s = strng.split() return strng.replace(s[0],"") Writing a function to get rid of duplicate letters but so far have been playing around for an hour and can't get anything. Help would be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Automatically registering "commands" for a command line program in python

    - by seandavi
    I would like to develop a command-line program that can process and give "help" for subcommands. To be concrete, say I have a single script called "cgent" and I would like to have subcommands "abc", "def", and "xyz" execute and accept the rest of the sys.args for processing by optparse. cgent abc [options] cgent help abc .... All of this is straightforward if I hard-code the subcommand names. However, I would like to be able to continue to add subcommands by adding a class or module (?). This is similar to the idea that is used by web frameworks for adding controllers, for example. I have tried digging through pylons to see if I can recreate what is done there, but I have not unravelled the logic. Any suggestions on how to do this? Thanks, Sean

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