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• How can I run a game server on a computer behind a NAT, if I have another computer not behind a NAT?

  - by Macha

  My home connection is part of a large NAT, outside my control. Inside my home, my router has a NAT, under my control. I control a public facing Linux VPS with one IP address, outside my home network. Ideally, what I'd like to do is set something up so that I connect my home computer to my VPS, and after that port X on my VPS leads to port Y on my home computer, for the purposes of running a game server of a game that does not run under Linux. Is this possible?

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• I missed allowing ".NET Runtime Optimization Service" while installing a game — could there be any problems?

  - by MDLss

  I'm using ESET Smart Security 4 on Windows 7. I selected Interactive Mode so it asks me when something needs to connect to my PC. So when I was installing a game named League of Legends, I was away from my computer. When I came back, I saw that the download was finished but ESET was asking whether to allow .NET Runtime Optimization Service to connect my computer using port 80 TCP. So I selected Allow but It was too late because the download was already finished. I can play the game, but could it be bugged or broken or something?

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• Why does VBA Find loop fail when called from Evaluate?

  - by Abiel

  I am having some problems running a find loop inside of a subroutine when the routine is called using the Application.Evaluate or ActiveSheet.Evaluate method. For example, in the code below, I define a subroutine FindSub() which searches the sheet for a string "xxx". The routine CallSub() calls the FindSub() routine using both a standard Call statement and Evaluate. When I run Call FindSub, everything will work as expected: each matching address gets printed out to the immediate window and we get a final message "Finished up" when the code is done. However, when I do Application.Evaluate "FindSub()", only the address of the first match gets printed out, and we never reach the "Finished up" message. In other words, an error is encountered after the Cells.FindNext line as the loop tries to evaluate whether it should continue, and program execution stops without any runtime error being printed. I would expect both Call FindSub and Application.Evaluate "FindSub()" to yield the same results in this case. Can someone explain why they do not, and if possible, a way to fix this? Thanks. Note: In this example I obviously do not need to use Evaluate. This version is simplified to just focus on the particular problem I am having in a more complex situation. Sub CallSub() Call FindSub Application.Evaluate "FindSub()" End Sub Sub FindSub() Dim rngFoundCell As Range Dim rngFirstCell As Range Set rngFoundCell = Cells.Find(What:="xxx", after:=ActiveCell, LookIn:=xlValues, _ LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, SearchDirection:=xlNext, _ MatchCase:=False, SearchFormat:=False) If Not rngFoundCell Is Nothing Then Set rngFirstCell = rngFoundCell Do Debug.Print rngFoundCell.Address Set rngFoundCell = Cells.FindNext(after:=rngFoundCell) Loop Until (rngFoundCell Is Nothing) Or (rngFoundCell.Address = rngFirstCell.Address) End If Debug.Print "Finished up" End Sub

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• Why doesn't Perl file glob() work outside of a loop in scalar context?

  - by Rob

  According to the Perl documentation on file globbing, the <*> operator or glob() function, when used in a scalar context, should iterate through the list of files matching the specified pattern, returning the next file name each time it is called or undef when there are no more files. But, the iterating process only seems to work from within a loop. If it isn't in a loop, then it seems to start over immediately before all values have been read. From the Perl docs: In scalar context, glob iterates through such filename expansions, returning undef when the list is exhausted. http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/glob.html However, in scalar context the operator returns the next value each time it's called, or undef when the list has run out. http://perldoc.perl.org/perlop.html#I/O-Operators Example code: use warnings; use strict; my $filename; # in scalar context, <*> should return the next file name # each time it is called or undef when the list has run out $filename = <*>; print "$filename\n"; $filename = <*>; # doesn't work as documented, starts over and print "$filename\n"; # always returns the same file name $filename = <*>; print "$filename\n"; print "\n"; print "$filename\n" while $filename = <*>; # works in a loop, returns next file # each time it is called In a directory with 3 files...file1.txt, file2.txt, and file3.txt, the above code will output: file1.txt file1.txt file1.txt file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt Note: The actual perl script should be outside the test directory, or you will see the file name of the script in the output as well. Am I doing something wrong here, or is this how it is supposed to work?

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• How to get around the jslint error 'Don't make functions within a loop.'

  - by Ernelli

  I am working on making all of our JS code pass through jslint, sometimes with a lot of tweaking with the options to get legacy code pass for now on with the intention to fix it properly later. There is one thing that jslint complains about that I do not have a workround for. That is when using constructs like this, we get the error 'Don't make functions within a loop.' for (prop in newObject) { // Check if we're overwriting an existing function if (typeof newObject[prop] === "function" && typeof _super[prop] === "function" && fnTest.test(newObject[prop])) { prototype[prop] = (function (name, func) { return function () { var result, old_super; old_super = this._super; this._super = _super[name]; result = func.apply(this, arguments); this._super = old_super; return result; }; })(prop, newObject[prop]); } This loop is part of a JS implementation of classical inheritance where classes that extend existing classes retain the super property of the extended class when invoking a member of the extended class. Just to clarify, the implementation above is inspired by this blog post by John Resig. But we also have other instances of functions created within a loop. The only workaround so far is to exclude these JS files from jslint, but we would like to use jslint for code validation and syntax checking as part of our continuous integration and build workflow. Is there a better way to implement functionality like this or is there a way to tweak code like this through jslint?

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• Parse Facebook API data using loop for getting fan page ID#s?

  - by Brandon Lee

  I've been learning how to parse json data returned from the facebook-api. I've figured out how to fetch fan pages from a specific profile id and want to parse them using a loop! Heres the code and example I have below: This is the data I get back from the facebook-api Array ( [0] => Array ( [page_id] => XXXXXX60828 ) [1] => Array ( [page_id] => XXXXXX0750 ) [2] => Array ( [page_id] => XXXXXX91225 ) [3] => Array ( [page_id] => XXXXXX1960343 ) [4] => Array ( [page_id] => XXXXXX60863 ) [5] => Array ( [page_id] => XXXXXX8582 ) ) I need to be able to put this data in a loop and extract the page_id#s out... still getting familiar with json and am having issues figuring this out? How can I get this in a loop using for each and strip out the page id#s?

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• How do I update a progress bar in Cocoa during a long running loop?

  - by Nic

  Hi, I've got a while loop, that runs for many seconds and that's why I want to update a progress bar (NSProgressIndicator) during that process, but it updates only once after the loop has finished. The same happens if I want to update a label text, by the way. I believe, my loop prevents other things of that application to happen. There must be another technique. Does this have to do with threads or something? Am I on the right track? Can someone please give me a simple example, how to “optimize” my application? My application is a Cocoa Application (Xcode 3.2.1) with these two methods in my Example_AppDelegate.m: // This method runs when a start button is clicked. - (IBAction)startIt:(id)sender { [progressbar setDoubleValue:0.0]; [progressbar startAnimation:sender]; running = YES; // this is a instance variable int i = 0; while (running) { if (i++ = processAmount) { // processAmount is something like 1000000 running = NO; continue; } // Update progress bar double progr = (double)i / (double)processAmount; NSLog(@"progr: %f", progr); // Logs values between 0.0 and 1.0 [progressbar setDoubleValue:progr]; [progressbar needsDisplay]; // Do I need this? // Do some more hard work here... } } // This method runs when a stop button is clicked, but as long // as -startIt is busy, a click on the stop button does nothing. - (IBAction)stopIt:(id)sender { NSLog(@"Stop it!"); running = NO; [progressbar stopAnimation:sender]; } I'm really new to Objective-C, Cocoa and applications with a UI. Thank you very much for any helpful answer.

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• How to increase the performance of a loop which runs for every 'n' minutes.

  - by GustlyWind

  Hi Giving small background to my requirement and what i had accomplished so far: There are 18 Scheduler tasks run at regular intervals (least being 30 mins) takes input of nearly 5000 eligible employees run into a static method for iteration and generates a mail content for that employee and mails. An average task takes about 9 min multiplied by 18 will be roughly 162 mins meanwhile there would be next tasks which will be in queue (I assume). So my plan is something like the below loop try { // Handle Arraylist of alerts eligible employees Iterator employee = empIDs.iterator(); while (employee.hasNext()) { ScheduledImplementation.getInstance().sendAlertInfoToEmpForGivenAlertType((Long)employee.next(), configType,schedType); } } catch (Exception vEx) { _log.error("Exception Caught During sending " + configType + " messages:" + configType, vEx); } Since I know how many employees would come to my method I will divide the while loop into two and perform simultaneous operations on two or three employees at a time. Is this possible. Or is there any other ways I can improve the performance. Some of the things I had implemented so far 1.Wherever possible made methods static and variables too Didn't bother to catch exceptions and send back because these are background tasks. (And I assume this improves performance) Get the DB values in one query instead of multiple hits. If am successful in optimizing the while loop I think i can save couple of mins. Thanks

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• Does QThread::sleep() require the event loop to be running?

  - by suszterpatt

  I have a simple client-server program written in Qt, where processes communicate using MPI. The basic design I'm trying to implement is the following: The first process (the "server") launches a GUI (derived from QMainWindow), which listens for messages from the clients (using repeat fire QTimers and asynchronous MPI receive calls), updates the GUI depending on what messages it receives, and sends a reply to every message. Every other process (the "clients") runs in an infinite loop, and all they are intended to do is send a message to the server process, receive the reply, go to sleep for a while, then wake up and repeat. Every process instantiates a single object derived from QThread, and calls its start() method. The run() method of these classes all look like this: from foo.cpp: void Foo::run() { while (true) { // Send message to the first process // Wait for a reply // Do uninteresting stuff with the reply sleep(3); // also tried QThread::sleep(3) } } In the client's code, there is no call to exec() anywhere, so no event loop should start. The problem is that the clients never wake up from sleeping (if I surround the sleep() call with two writes to a log file, only the first one is executed, control never reaches the second). Is this because I didn't start the event loop? And if so, what is the simplest way to achieve the desired functionality?

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• How do I loop through elements inside a div?

  - by crosenblum

  I have to make a custom function for search/replace text, because firefox counts text nodes differently than IE, Google Chrome, etc.. I am trying to use this code, that I saw at Firefox WhiteSpace Issue since in my other function, I am looping numerically through nodes, which serves my functional needs perfectly, in other browsers. But refuses to work, as part of a search/replace function that takes place after some ajax content is loaded. Here is the code, that I have tried to get to work, but I must be missing the correct understanding of the context of how to loop thru elements inside a div. // get all childnodes inside div function div_translate(divid) { // list child nodes of parent if (divid != null) { // var children = parent.childNodes, child; var parentNode = divid; // start loop thru child nodes for(var node=parentNode.firstChild;node!=null;node=node.nextSibling){ // begin check nodeType if(node.nodeType == 1){ // get value of this node var value = content(node); // get class of this node var myclass = node.attr('class'); console.log(myclass); // begin check if value undefined if (typeof(value) != 'undefined' && value != null) { console.log(value); // it is a text node. do magic. for (var x = en_count; x > 0; x--) { // get current english phrase var from = en_lang[x]; // get current other language phrase var to = other_lang[x]; if (value.match(from)) { content(node, value.replace(from, to)); } } } // end check if value undefined } // end check nodeType } // end loop thru child nodes } }

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• Python2.7: How can I speed up this bit of code (loop/lists/tuple optimization)?

  - by user89

  I repeat the following idiom again and again. I read from a large file (sometimes, up to 1.2 million records!) and store the output into an SQLite databse. Putting stuff into the SQLite DB seems to be fairly fast. def readerFunction(recordSize, recordFormat, connection, outputDirectory, outputFile, numObjects): insertString = "insert into NODE_DISP_INFO(node, analysis, timeStep, H1_translation, H2_translation, V_translation, H1_rotation, H2_rotation, V_rotation) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)" analysisNumber = int(outputPath[-3:]) outputFileObject = open(os.path.join(outputDirectory, outputFile), "rb") outputFileObject, numberOfRecordsInFileObject = determineNumberOfRecordsInFileObjectGivenRecordSize(recordSize, outputFileObject) numberOfRecordsPerObject = (numberOfRecordsInFileObject//numberOfObjects) loop1StartTime = time.time() for i in range(numberOfRecordsPerObject ): processedRecords = [] loop2StartTime = time.time() for j in range(numberOfObjects): fout = outputFileObject .read(recordSize) processedRecords.append(tuple([j+1, analysisNumber, i] + [x for x in list(struct.unpack(recordFormat, fout))])) loop2EndTime = time.time() print "Time taken to finish loop2: {}".format(loop2EndTime-loop2StartTime) dbInsertStartTime = time.time() connection.executemany(insertString, processedRecords) dbInsertEndTime = time.time() loop1EndTime = time.time() print "Time taken to finish loop1: {}".format(loop1EndTime-loop1StartTime) outputFileObject.close() print "Finished reading output file for analysis {}...".format(analysisNumber) When I run the code, it seems that "loop 2" and "inserting into the database" is where most execution time is spent. Average "loop 2" time is 0.003s, but it is run up to 50,000 times, in some analyses. The time spent putting stuff into the database is about the same: 0.004s. Currently, I am inserting into the database every time after loop2 finishes so that I don't have to deal with running out RAM. What could I do to speed up "loop 2"?

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• Looking for design/architecture suggestions for a simple HTML game.

  - by z-boss

  Imagine that HTML page is a game surface (see picture). User can have n number of boards (blue divs) on his page. Each board can be moved, re-sized, relabeled, created new and removed. Inside each board there are m number of figures (purple divs). Each of these user can move inside the board or to another board, re-size, change color and label, delete, add new. The goal of the game is not important, but let's say it is to rearrange figures in a certain way so that they disappear. But the goal of the programmer is to save the whole game surface in the database for every user of the site, and to load it later when he returns. So, how do I go about data exchange between client and the database? I'll give my idea in one of the answers.

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• GameplayScreen does not contain a definition for GraphicsDevice

  - by Dave Voyles

  Long story short: I'm trying to intergrate my game with Microsoft's Game State Management. In doing so I've run into some errors, and the latest one is in the title. I'm not able to display my HUD for the reasons listed above. Previously, I had much of my code in my Game.cs class, but the GSM has a bit of it in Game1, and most of what you have drawn for the main screen in your GameplayScreen class, and that is what is causing confusion on my part. I've created an instance of the GameplayScreen class to be used in the HUD class (as you can see below). Before integrating with the GSM however, I created an instance of my Game class, and all worked fine. It seems that I need to define my graphics device somewhere, but I am not sure of where exactly. I've left some code below to help you understand. public class GameStateManagementGame : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { #region Fields GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; ScreenManager screenManager; // Creates a new intance, which is used in the HUD class public static Game Instance; // By preloading any assets used by UI rendering, we avoid framerate glitches // when they suddenly need to be loaded in the middle of a menu transition. static readonly string[] preloadAssets = { "gradient", }; #endregion #region Initialization /// <summary> /// The main game constructor. /// </summary> public GameStateManagementGame() { Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; graphics.IsFullScreen = false; graphics.ApplyChanges(); // Create the screen manager component. screenManager = new ScreenManager(this); Components.Add(screenManager); // Activate the first screens. screenManager.AddScreen(new BackgroundScreen(), null); //screenManager.AddScreen(new MainMenuScreen(), null); screenManager.AddScreen(new PressStartScreen(), null); } namespace Pong { public class HUD { public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Used in the Draw method titleSafeRectangle = new Rectangle (GameplayScreen.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.TitleSafeArea.X, GameplayScreen.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.TitleSafeArea.Y, GameplayScreen.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.TitleSafeArea.Width, GameplayScreen.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.TitleSafeArea.Height); } } } class GameplayScreen : GameScreen { #region Fields ContentManager content; public static GameStates gamestate; private GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; public int screenWidth; public int screenHeight; private Texture2D backgroundTexture; private SpriteBatch spriteBatch; private Menu menu; private SpriteFont arial; private HUD hud; Animation player; // Creates a new intance, which is used in the HUD class public static GameplayScreen Instance; public GameplayScreen() { TransitionOnTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1.5); TransitionOffTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5); } protected void Initialize() { lastScored = false; menu = new Menu(); resetTimer = 0; resetTimerInUse = true; ball = new Ball(content, new Vector2(screenWidth, screenHeight)); SetUpMulti(); input = new Input(); hud = new HUD(); // Places the powerup animation inside of the surrounding box // Needs to be cleaned up, instead of using hard pixel values player = new Animation(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/powerupSpriteSheet"), new Vector2(103, 44), 64, 64, 4, 5); // Used by for the Powerups random = new Random(); vec = new Vector2(100, 50); vec2 = new Vector2(100, 100); promptVec = new Vector2(50, 25); timer = 10000.0f; // Starting value for the cooldown for the powerup timer timerVector = new Vector2(10, 10); //JEP - one time creation of powerup objects playerOnePowerup = new Powerup(); playerOnePowerup.Activated += PowerupActivated; playerOnePowerup.Deactivated += PowerupDeactivated; playerTwoPowerup = new Powerup(); playerTwoPowerup.Activated += PowerupActivated; playerTwoPowerup.Deactivated += PowerupDeactivated; //JEP - moved from events since these only need set once activatedVec = new Vector2(100, 125); deactivatedVec = new Vector2(100, 150); powerupReady = false; }

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• Which containers / graphics components to use in a simple Java Swing game?

  - by rize

  I'm creating a simple labyrinth game with Java + Swing. The game draws a randomized labyrinth on the screen, places a figure in the middle, and the player is then supposed to find the way out by moving the figure with arrow-keys. As for now, I'm using a plain background and drawing the walls of the labyrinth with Graphics.drawLine(). I have a custom picture of the figure in a .gif file, which I load as a BufferedImage object. However, I want the player to see only part of the labyrinth at a time, and the screen should follow the figure in the game, as the player moves around. I'm planning to do this by creating an Image object of the whole labyrinth when it is created, and then "cutting" a square around the current position of the figure and displaying this with Graphics.drawImage(). I'm new with Swing though, and I can't figure out how to draw the figure at different positions "above" the labyrinth without redrawing the whole thing. Which container/component should I use for the labyrinth and then for the figure to achieve this?

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• Easiest, most fun way to program 2D games? Flash? XNA? Some other engine?

  - by Maxi

  Hi, this is a post detailing my search for the most enjoyable way for a hobbyist game programmer to sweeten his free time with making a game. My requirements: I looked at Flash first, I made a couple of small games but I'm doubtful of the performance. I would like to make a fairly large strategy game, with several hundred units fighting simultaneously, explosions and animations included. Also zoomable maps. I saw that Adobe has a new 3D API for Flash, but I don't know if that improves 2D performance aswell, I couldn't find anything related to that question on their MAX10 sessions. Would you say that Flash is a good technology for making large 2D games easily? I really like Actionscript, and I love how easy everything is in Flash. There are several engines available which make it even easier. I just do this for fun, and it would be even better if there were proper animation/particle editors available and if the engine I were to use, would be available for multiple platforms. (so more people can play my game once finished). I'd like to have it available on many mobile platforms aswell. (because I love touch input for some reason) I do know the XNA framework pretty well, but there are no good engines available for it, and it will only run on Windows, which is a huge turn off. Even bigger is, that you need to install the XNA redistributable each time you want to give the game to someone. If I use XNA, I would have to make all the tools myself, and I'd probably have to make them with WPF. (I'd love to make tools with Adobe AIR, but unfortunately the API's for image manipulation etc. are far worse in Flash, than they are in XNA/WPF.) Now, I'm aware that I could make my own engine that supports each of those platforms, but quite frankly, that would be too much work plowing through APIs. After all, I want to make a game, not an engine. So the question becomes: Is there maybe a cross platform (free or free to develop?) engine available that I could use for 2D development? I prefer: C#, Actionscript. I don't mind using c++ if the toolset is above average, but I highly doubt that there is something out there like that. Please prove me wrong :) So summary: I'd like to use Flash, but I don't know if it scales well enough. I'm not a scripter, I want some real APIs that I can work with inside a proper IDE. Just for information, I looked at several alternatives, I'm actually looking for a long time already. You'd help me a lot to make a decision finally. Feature-wise the Flatredball engine would be ideal. But I tried their tools, and quite frankly, they are horrible. Absolutely unusable, I'd need to make my own for sure. I didn't look at their API, but if their tools are so bad, I'm not inclined to look further. Unity3D. This one is quite nice, but I really don't need 3D, and it is quite ...a lot of work to learn. I also don't like that it is so expensive to use for different platforms and that I can only code for it through scripting. You have to buy each platform separately. The editor usability is average, the product overall is good enough for most purposes, but learning it myself would be overkill. Shiva 3D. It looks good enough, but again: I don't really need 3D. The editor usability is a little worse than Unity3D in my opinion and it wasn't clear to me how to start programming. I think it requires C++ for coding, so that's a negative too. I want to have fun, and c# is fun ;) SDL. Quite frankly, I'd still need to port to all those different SDL implementations. And I don't like OpenGL style programming, it's just plain ugly. And it needs c++, I know that there might be some wrappers available, but I don't like to use wrappers, because... Irrlicht. A lot of features, but support seems to be low and it is aimed at enthusiasts. C# bindings get dropped repeatedly. I'm not an engine enthusiast, I just want to make a game. I don't see this happening with Irrlicht. Ogre3D. Way too much work, it's just a graphics engine. Also no multiple platform support and c++. Torque2D. Costs something to use, and I didn't hear a lot of good things about support and documentation. Also costs extra for each platform.

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• How many BasicEffects do you have in a Game? What is the best way to render multiple objects/shapes at once?

  - by Deukalion

  I'm trying to understand 3D rendering and it seems that everytime you render a new object (A 3D Cube or something) you need to have a new BasicEffect for each Box you render unless you want the exact same texture? ...so if I have over a hundred boxes with each different textures, I need at least as many BasicEffects? Will that not be "too much" for the CPU/GPU in the end or result in lagging? Is there any good way to render multiple objects (cubes or other shapes) at the same time? I've tried changing the BasicEffect.Texture with each cube drawn, but it resulting in changing the first Cube's texture too. Any suggestions would be really appreciated, I'm really new to 3D in XNA so I'm trying to wrap my head around the best methods for example render a Map with objects (of shapes).

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• How should I structure my iPhone OpenGL ES 1.1 game?

  - by Ryan

  I am building an iPhone OpenGL ES 1.1 game. I am using the OpenGL ES template provided by xcode. I am only using the ES1Renderer. I've coded some basic touch actions the user can take, and I've begun to think about the overall structure of the code. All I'm really doing is using C in the ES1Renderer.m for my entire game state. I have an array of bullet structs, an array on enemy structs, etc.. Besides using this structure, where my entire game state is in ES1Renderer.m as C arrays and structs, what other ways are there to structure the code? Should I be using C++ or Objective-C classes to represent the enemies so they are more modular? The main reason I ask this is because I don't normally code in C, C++ and Objective-C..so I am a little fuzzy on coming up with a good architecture here.

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• Is Android (read typical devices) fast enough for a game that requires plotting pixel by pixel rather than blitting

  - by mP

  i have an idea for an Android game which is a little different from the typical game that usually moves sprites(bitmaps) around the screen. Id want to plot lots of little pixels to create my visuals. PROS no bitmaps required pixel plotting of stuff like "fire" can react to wind. no need to scale bitmaps, works w/ any screen res (lets pretend device can handle more drawing because its got a bigger screen). CONS slower to plot pixels than blit bitmaps need lot of animation frames. WISHES id like to update my game in real time, more is better 30fps is good but not essential, 15fps is enough. PERFORMANCE Q... Is the typical Android device fast enough to plot say half a screenful of pixels w/ a default background ? if full screen is not practical what window size should be able to handle such refreshes

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• Is this too much to ask for a game programming and developing enthusiast? Am I doing this wrong?

  - by I_Question_Things_Deeply

  I have been a computer-fanatic for almost a decade now. I've always loved and wondered how computers work, even from the purest, lowest hardware level to the very smallest pixel on the screen, and all the software around that. That seems to be my problem though ... as I try to write code (I'm pretty fluent at C++) I always sit there enormous amounts of time in front of a text-editor wondering how every line, statement, datum, function, etc. will correspond to every Assembly and machine instruction performed to do absolutely everything necessary for the kernel to allocate memory to run my compiled program, and all of the other hardware being used as well. For example ... I would write cout << "Before memory changed" << endl; and run the debugger to get the Assembly for this, and then try and reverse disassemble the Assembly to machine code based on my ISA, and then research every .dll, library file, linked library, linking process, linker source code of the program, the make file, the kernel I'm using's steps of processing this compilation, the hardware's part aside from the processor (e.g. video card, sound card, chipset, cache latency, byte-sized registers, calling convention use, DDR3 RAM and disk drive, filesystem functioning and so many other things). Am I going about programming wrong? I mean I feel I should know everything that goes on underneath English syntax on a computer program. But the problem is that the more I research every little thing the less I actually accomplish at all. I can never finish anything because of this mentality, yet I feel compelled to know everything... what should I do?

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• XNA 4 Deferred Rendering deforms the model

  - by Tomáš Bezouška

  I have a problem when rendering a model of my World - when rendered using BasicEffect, it looks just peachy. Problem is when I render it using deferred rendering. See for yourselves: what it looks like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/690/survival.png/ what it should look like: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/521/survival2.png/ (Please ignora the cars, they shouldn't be there. Nothing changes when they are removed) Im using Deferred renderer from www.catalinzima.com/tutorials/deferred-rendering-in-xna/introduction-2/ except very simplified, without the custom content processor. Here's the code for the GBuffer shader: float4x4 World; float4x4 View; float4x4 Projection; float specularIntensity = 0.001f; float specularPower = 3; texture Texture; sampler diffuseSampler = sampler_state { Texture = (Texture); MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; MIPFILTER = LINEAR; AddressU = Wrap; AddressV = Wrap; }; struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD1; float2 Depth : TEXCOORD2; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; float4 worldPosition = mul(input.Position, World); float4 viewPosition = mul(worldPosition, View); output.Position = mul(viewPosition, Projection); output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord; //pass the texture coordinates further output.Normal = mul(input.Normal,World); //get normal into world space output.Depth.x = output.Position.z; output.Depth.y = output.Position.w; return output; } struct PixelShaderOutput { half4 Color : COLOR0; half4 Normal : COLOR1; half4 Depth : COLOR2; }; PixelShaderOutput PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) { PixelShaderOutput output; output.Color = tex2D(diffuseSampler, input.TexCoord); //output Color output.Color.a = specularIntensity; //output SpecularIntensity output.Normal.rgb = 0.5f * (normalize(input.Normal) + 1.0f); //transform normal domain output.Normal.a = specularPower; //output SpecularPower output.Depth = input.Depth.x / input.Depth.y; //output Depth return output; } technique Technique1 { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } And here are the rendering parts in XNA: public void RednerModel(Model model, Matrix world) { Matrix[] boneTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); Game.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; Game.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) { GBufferEffect.Parameters["View"].SetValue(Camera.Instance.ViewMatrix); GBufferEffect.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(Camera.Instance.ProjectionMatrix); GBufferEffect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * world); GBufferEffect.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue(meshPart.Effect.Parameters["Texture"].GetValueTexture2D()); GBufferEffect.Techniques[0].Passes[0].Apply(); RenderMeshpart(mesh, meshPart); } } } private void RenderMeshpart(ModelMesh mesh, ModelMeshPart part) { Game.GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(part.VertexBuffer); Game.GraphicsDevice.Indices = part.IndexBuffer; Game.GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, part.NumVertices, part.StartIndex, part.PrimitiveCount); } I import the model using the built in content processor for FBX. The FBX is created in 3DS Max. I don't know the exact details of that export, but if you think it might be relevant, I will get them from my collegue who does them. What confuses me though is why the BasicEffect approach works... seems the FBX shouldnt be a problem. Any thoughts? They will be greatly appreciated :)

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• Node.js Lockstep Multiplayer Architecture

  - by Wakaka

  Background I'm using the lockstep model for a multiplayer Node.js/Socket.IO game in a client-server architecture. User input (mouse or keypress) is parsed into commands like 'attack' and 'move' on the client, which are sent to the server and scheduled to be executed on a certain tick. This is in contrast to sending state data to clients, which I don't wish to use due to bandwidth issues. Each tick, the server will send the list of commands on that tick (possibly empty) to each client. The server and all clients will then process the commands and simulate that tick in exactly the same way. With Node.js this is actually quite simple due to possibility of code sharing between server and client. I'll just put the deterministic simulator in the /shared folder which can be run by both server and client. The server simulation is required so that there is an authoritative version of the simulation which clients cannot alter. Problem Now, the game has many entity classes, like Unit, Item, Tree etc. Entities are created in the simulator. However, for each class, it has some methods that are shared and some that are client-specific. For instance, the Unit class has addHp method which is shared. It also has methods like getSprite (gets the image of the entity), isVisible (checks if unit can be seen by the client), onDeathInClient (does a bunch of stuff when it dies only on the client like adding announcements) and isMyUnit (quick function to check if the client owns the unit). Up till now, I have been piling all the client functions into the shared Unit class, and adding a this.game.isServer() check when necessary. For instance, when the unit dies, it will call if (!this.game.isServer()) { this.onDeathInClient(); }. This approach has worked pretty fine so far, in terms of functionality. But as the codebase grew bigger, this style of coding seems a little strange. Firstly, the client code is clearly not shared, and yet is placed under the /shared folder. Secondly, client-specific variables for each entity are also instantiated on the server entity (like unit.sprite) and can run into problems when the server cannot instantiate the variable (it doesn't have Image class like on browsers). So my question is, is there a better way to organize the client code, or is this a common way of doing things for lockstep multiplayer games? I can think of a possible workaround, but it does have its own problems. Possible workaround (with problems) I could use Javascript mixins that are only added when in a browser. Thus, in the /shared/unit.js file in the /shared folder, I would have this code at the end: if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') module.exports = Unit; else mixin(Unit, LocalUnit); Then I would have /client/localunit.js store an object LocalUnit of client-side methods for Unit. Now, I already have a publish-subscribe system in place for events in the simulator. To remove the this.game.isServer() checks, I could publish entity-specific events whenever I want the client to do something. For instance, I would do this.publish('Death') in /shared/unit.js and do this.subscribe('Death', this.onDeathInClient) in /client/localunit.js. But this would make the simulator's event listeners list on the server and the client different. Now if I want to clear all subscribed events only from the shared simulator, I can't. Of course, it is possible to create two event subscription systems - one client-specific and one shared - but now the publish() method would have to do if (!this.game.isServer()) { this.publishOnClient(event); }. All in all, the workaround off the top of my head seems pretty complicated for something as simple as separating the client and shared code. Thus, I wonder if there is an established and simpler method for better code organization, hopefully specific to Node.js games.

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• Grid pathfinding with a lot of entities

  - by Vee

  I'd like to explain this problem with a screenshot from a released game, DROD: Gunthro's Epic Blunder, by Caravel Games. The game is turn-based and tile-based. I'm trying to create something very similar (a clone of the game), and I've got most of the fundamentals done, but I'm having trouble implementing pathfinding. Look at the screenshot. The guys in yellow are friendly, and want to kill the roaches. Every turn, every guy in yellow pathfinds to the closest roach, and every roach pathfinds to the closest guy in yellow. By closest I mean the target with the shortest path, not a simple distance calculation. All of this without any kind of slowdown when loading the level or when passing turns. And all of the entities change position every turn. Also (not shown in screenshot), there can be doors that open and close and change the level's layout. Impressive. I've tried implementing pathfinding in my clone. First attempt was making every roach find a path to a yellow guy every turn, using a breadth-first search algorithm. Obviously incredibly slow with more than a single roach, and would get exponentially slower with more than a single yellow guy. Second attempt was mas making every yellow guy generate a pathmap (still breadth-first search) every time he moved. Worked perfectly with multiple roaches and a single yellow guy, but adding more yellow guys made the game slow and unplayable. Last attempt was implementing JPS (jump point search). Every entity would individually calculate a path to its target. Fast, but with a limited number of entities. Having less than half the entities in the screenshot would make the game slow. And also, I had to get the "closest" enemy by calculating distance, not shortest path. I've asked on the DROD forums how they did it, and a user replied that it was breadth-first search. The game is open source, and I took a look at the source code, but it's C++ (I'm using C#) and I found it confusing. I don't know how to do it. Every approach I tried isn't good enough. And I believe that DROD generates global pathmaps, somehow, but I can't understand how every entity find the best individual path to other entities that move every turn. What's the trick? This is a reply I just got on the DROD forums: Without having looked at the code I'd wager it's two (or so) pathmaps for the whole room: One to the nearest enemy, and one to the nearest friendly for every tile. There's no need to make a separate pathmap for every entity when the overall goal is "move towards nearest enemy/friendly"... just mark every tile with the number of moves it takes to the nearest target and have the entity chose the move that takes it to the tile with the lowest number. To be honest, I don't understand it that well.

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• Problem with boundary collision

  - by James Century

  The problem: When the player hits the left boundary he stops (this is exactly what I want), when he hits the right boundary. He continues until his rectangle's left boundary meets with the right boundary. Outcome: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuJfIWZ_LL0&feature=youtu.be My Code public class Player extends GameObject{ BufferedImageLoader loader; Texture tex = Game.getInstance(); BufferedImage image; Animation playerWalkLeft; private HealthBarManager healthBar; private String username; private int width; private ManaBarManager manaBar; public Player(float x, float y, ObjectID ID) { super(x, y, ID, null); loader = new BufferedImageLoader(); playerWalkLeft = new Animation(5,tex.player[10],tex.player[11],tex.player[12],tex.player[13],tex.player[14],tex.player[15],tex.player[17],tex.player[18]); } public void tick(LinkedList<GameObject> object) { setX(getX()+velX); setY(getY()+velY); playerWalkLeft.runAnimation(); } public void render(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.BLACK); FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics(g.getFont()); if(username != null) width = fm.stringWidth(username); if(username != null){ g.drawString(username,(int) x-width/2+15,(int) y); } if(velX != 0){ playerWalkLeft.drawAnimation(g, (int)x, (int)y); }else{ g.drawImage(tex.player[16], (int)x, (int)y, null); } g.setColor(Color.PINK); g.drawRect((int)x,(int)y,33,48); g.drawRect(0,0,(int)Game.getWalkableBounds().getWidth(), (int)Game.getWalkableBounds().getHeight()); } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private Image getCurrentImage() { return image; } public float getX() { return x; } public float getY() { return y; } public void setX(float x) { Rectangle gameBoundry = Game.getWalkableBounds(); if(x >= gameBoundry.getMinX() && x <= gameBoundry.getMaxX()){ this.x = x; } } public void setY(float y) { //IGNORE THE SetY please. this.y = y; } public float getVelX() { return velX; } public void setHealthBar(HealthBarManager healthBar){ this.healthBar = healthBar; } public HealthBarManager getHealthBar(){ return healthBar; } public float getVelY() { return velY; } public void setVelX(float velX) { this.velX = velX; } public void setVelY(float velY) { this.velY = velY; } public ObjectID getID() { return ID; } public void setUsername(String playerName) { this.username = playerName; } public String getUsername(){ return this.username; } public void setManaBar(ManaBarManager manaBar) { this.manaBar = manaBar; } public ManaBarManager getManaBar(){ return manaBar; } public int getLevel(){ return 1; } public boolean isPlayerInsideBoundry(float x, float y){ Rectangle boundry = Game.getWalkableBounds(); if(boundry.contains(x,y)){ return true; } return false; } } What I've tried: - Using a method that checks if the game boundary contains player boundary rectangle. This gave me the same result as what the check statement in my setX did.

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• Switching from Onboard intel to Nvidia Dedicated GPU

  - by Anarkie

  How can I switch from Intel onboard grpahics to Nvidia Dedicated GPU? When I go to windows screen resolution I see intel. I cant change it. I go to Device Manager, I see both Adapters are there and Nvidia is known.I disabled intel, I didnt see any option to set one as primary so I disabled intel, black screen!Reboot and re-enable intel. I right click on the desktop, choose "Nvidia Control Panel" and on 3D options I chose the desired game I want to play, High performance Nvidia, but it didnt switch when I started the game. Then I made preferred GPU in the global settings High performance Nvidia for everything it still didnt change.I understand to save the battery etc. there is a switch option between these two but I dont see this switch when it is necessary, I cant also switch manually?Is there a manual switch FN key?I looked but couldnt find. Why I want to do this? 1) Better game peformance. 2) I want to play an old game from 2002(Diablo 2 LOD), when I start the game there are black bars on the sides, so screen becomes just smaller which I dislike!I heard this is intel's specification to center the display.But instead I would like to scale or expand it to fit widescreen(fullscreen).Which should be possible with Nvidia. My Notebook Specs: Fujitsu Lifebook AH531, Win7 , 64 bit, i5, intel HD graphics onboard, Nvidia GT 525. I didnt install Nvidia later, it was always installed and ready from the moment I turned on the computer first time. How I determined that the cards werent switched when I am playing the game: with the windows key I exited from the game, then looked at screen resolutions menu, still saw intel, also the game was still with black bars.I know intel GPU should enough for Diablo 2 but I am interested in this answer for further games, I dont always play Diablo, what if I install an up to date game for example?Then Intel will not be sufficient.I would like to learn the switch option.

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• An observation on .NET loops – foreach, for, while, do-while

  It’s very common that .NET programmers use “foreach” loop for iterating through collections. Following is my observation whilst I was testing simple scenario on loops. “for” loop is 30% faster than “foreach” and “while” loop is 50% faster than “foreach”. “do-while” is bit faster than “while”. Someone may feel that how does it make difference if I’m iterating only 1000 times in a loop. This test case is only for simple iteration. According to the "Data structure" concepts, best and worst cases are completely based on the data we provide to the algorithm. so we can not conclude that a "foreach" algorithm is not good. All I want to tell that we need to be little cautious even choosing the loops. Example:- You might want to chose quick sort when you want to sort more numbers. At the same time bubble sort may be effective than quick sort when you want to sort less numbers. Take a simple scenario, a request of a simple web application fetches the data of 10000 (10K) rows and iterating them for some business logic. Think, this application is being accessed by 1000 (1K) people simultaneously. In this simple scenario you are ending up with 10000000 (10Million or 1 Crore) iterations. below is the test scenario with simple console application to test 100 Million records. using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Diagnostics;namespace ConsoleApplication1{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var sw = new Stopwatch(); var numbers = GetSomeNumbers(); sw.Start(); foreach (var item in numbers) { } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine( String.Format("\"foreach\" took {0} milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); sw.Reset(); sw.Start(); for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Count; i++) { } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine( String.Format("\"for\" loop took {0} milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); sw.Reset(); sw.Start(); var it = 0; while (it++ < numbers.Count) { } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine( String.Format("\"while\" loop took {0} milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); sw.Reset(); sw.Start(); var it2 = 0; do { } while (it2++ < numbers.Count); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine( String.Format("\"do-while\" loop took {0} milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); } #region Get me 10Crore (100 Million) numbers private static List<int> GetSomeNumbers() { var lstNumbers = new List<int>(); var count = 100000000; for (var i = 1; i <= count; i++) { lstNumbers.Add(i); } return lstNumbers; } #endregion Get me some numbers }} In above example, I was just iterating through 100 Million numbers. You can see the time to execute various  loops provided in .NET Output "foreach" took 1108 milliseconds "for" loop took 727 milliseconds "while" loop took 596 milliseconds "do-while" loop took 594 milliseconds   Press any key to continue . . . So I feel we need to be careful while choosing the looping strategy. Please comment your thoughts. span.fullpost {display:none;}

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