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• How to diagnose repeated "Starting up database '<dbname>'"

  - by Richard Slater

  I have a SQL 2008 server which is predominantly used as a development server, in the last two weeks it has been having occasional "fits", I have isolated the cause of these fits as CHECKDB being run almost continuiously, the following log information is logged to the Windows Event Log (Source: MSSQLSERVER, Category: Server): Event: 1073758961, Message: Starting up database 'DBName1'. Event: 1073758961, Message: Starting up database 'DBName2'. Event: 1073759397, Message: CHECKDB for database 'DBName1' finished without errors on 2010-07-19 20:29:26.993 (local time). This is an informational message only; no user action is required. Event: 1073759397, Message: CHECKDB for database 'DBName1' finished without errors on 2010-07-19 20:29:26.993 (local time). This is an informational message only; no user action is required. This is repeated every 1-2 seconds untill SQL Server is restarted or the offending databases are detatched. I initially thought that it was a problem with the databases so I took a backup and restored them to a SQL Express instance, all of the data is in tact, and CHECKDB runs without problem. The two databases that were causing a problem last week were not being used; so I took full backups of them and detached the databases, this resolved the problem. However at 0100 GMT this morning to other totally unrelated databases started showing the same problems. There is nothing in the event log to suggest that something happened to the server such as a restart, there are no messages about processes crashing or issues being detected with the storage controller. Speaking to the owner of the company this computer has suffered from "gremlins" in the past, however advice was taken and the motherboard was replaced and the computer rebuilt, memory and processor are the same. Stats: O/S: Windows 2008 Standard Build 6002 CPU: 2x Pentium Dual-Core E5200 @ 2.5GHz RAM: 2GB SQL: 2008 Standard 10.0.2531 Edit: someone posted then deleted a comment about AutoClose, it was turned on on the databases affected. It seems that best practice is to disable it so I have done that with the folllowing. EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'IF (''?'' NOT IN (''master'', ''tempdb'', ''msdb'', ''model'')) EXECUTE (''ALTER DATABASE [?] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF WITH NO_WAIT'')' I won't know if the problem recurs for some time so I am still open to further answers.

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• Using Amazon S3 for multiple remote data site uploads, securely

  - by Aitch

  I've been playing about with Amazon S3 a little for the first time and like what I see for various reasons relating to my potential use case. We have multiple (online) remote server boxes harvesting sensor data that is regularly uploaded every hour or so (rsync'ed) to a VPS server. The number of remote server boxes is growing regularly and forecast to keep growing (hundreds). The servers are geographically dispersed. The servers are also automatically built, therefore generic with standard tools and not bespoke per location. The data is many hundreds of files per day. I want to avoid a situation where I need to provision more VPS storage, or additional servers every time we hit the VPS capacity limit, after every N server deployments, whatever N might be. The remote servers can never be considered fully secure due to us not knowing what might happen to them when we are not looking. Our current solution is a bit naive and simply restricts inbound rsync only over ssh to known mac address directories and a known public key. There are plenty of holes to pick in this, I know. Let's say I write or use a script like s3cmd/s3sync to potentially push up the files. Would I need to manage hundreds of access keys and have each server customized to include this (do-able, but key management becomes nightmarish?) Could I restrict inbound connections somehow (eg by mac address), or just allow write-only to any client that was running the script? ( i could deal with a flood of data if someone got into a system? ) having a bucket per remote machine does not seem feasible due to bucket limits? I don't think I want to use a single common key as if one machine is breached then potentially, a malicious hack could get access to the filestore key and start deleting for ll clients, correct? I hope my inexperience has not blinded me to some other solution that might be suggested! I've read lots of examples of people using S3 for backup, but can't really find anything about this sort of data collection, unless my google terminology is wrong... I've written more than I should here, perhaps it can be summarised thus: In a perfect world I just want to have one of our techs install a new remote server into a location and it automagically starts sending files home with little or no intervention, and minimises risk? Pipedream or feasible? TIA, Aitch

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• Issue with VMWare vSphere and NFS: re occurring apd state

  - by Bastian N.

  I am experiencing issues with VMWare vSphere 5.1 and NFS storage on 2 different setups, which result in an "All Path Down" state for the NFS shares. This first happened once or twice a day, but lately it occurs much more frequent, as specially when Acronis Backup jobs are running. Setup 1 (Production): 2 ESXi 5.1 hosts (Essentials Plus) + OpenFiler with NFS as storage Setup 2 (Lab): 1 ESXi 5.1 host + Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with NFS as storage Here is an example from the vmkernel.log: 2013-05-28T08:07:33.479Z cpu0:2054)StorageApdHandler: 248: APD Timer started for ident [987c2dd0-02658e1e] 2013-05-28T08:07:33.479Z cpu0:2054)StorageApdHandler: 395: Device or filesystem with identifier [987c2dd0-02658e1e] has entered the All Paths Down state. 2013-05-28T08:07:33.479Z cpu0:2054)StorageApdHandler: 846: APD Start for ident [987c2dd0-02658e1e]! 2013-05-28T08:07:37.485Z cpu0:2052)NFSLock: 610: Stop accessing fd 0x410007e4cf28 3 2013-05-28T08:07:37.485Z cpu0:2052)NFSLock: 610: Stop accessing fd 0x410007e4d0e8 3 2013-05-28T08:07:41.280Z cpu1:2049)StorageApdHandler: 277: APD Timer killed for ident [987c2dd0-02658e1e] 2013-05-28T08:07:41.280Z cpu1:2049)StorageApdHandler: 402: Device or filesystem with identifier [987c2dd0-02658e1e] has exited the All Paths Down state. 2013-05-28T08:07:41.281Z cpu1:2049)StorageApdHandler: 902: APD Exit for ident [987c2dd0-02658e1e]! 2013-05-28T08:07:52.300Z cpu1:3679)NFSLock: 570: Start accessing fd 0x410007e4d0e8 again 2013-05-28T08:07:52.300Z cpu1:3679)NFSLock: 570: Start accessing fd 0x410007e4cf28 again As long as the issue occurred once or twice a day it really wasn't a problem, but now this issue has impact on the VMs. The VMs get slow or even hang, resulting in a reset through vCenter in the production environment. I searched the web extensively and asked in forums, but till now nobody was able to help me. Based on blog posts and VMWare KB articles I tried the following NFS settings: Net.TcpipHeapSize = 32 Net.TcpipHeapMax = 128 NFS.HartbeatFrequency = 12 NFS.HartbeatMaxFailures = 10 NFS.HartbeatTimeout = 5 NFS.MaxQueueDepth = 64 Instead of NFS.MaxQueueDepth = 64 I already tried other settings like NFS.MaxQueueDepth = 32 or even NFS.MaxQueueDepth = 1. Unfortunately without any luck. It would be great if someone could help me on this issue. It is really annoying. Thanks in advance for all the help. [UPDATE] As I explained in the comment below, here is the network setup: On the production setup the NFS traffic is bound to a separate VLAN with ID 20. I am using a HP 1810 24 Port Switch. The OpenFiler system is connected to the VLAN with 4 Intel GbE NICs with dynamic LACP. The ESXis both have 4 Intel GbE NICs using 2 static LACP trunks containing 2 NICs each. One pair is connected to the regular LAN and the other one to the VLAN 20. And here is a screenshot of the vSwitch: Switch configuration: Port configuration: On the lab setup its a single Intel NIC on each side without VLAN, but with different IP subnet.

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• where on disk is space allocated for new files inside LVM lv with ext4 file system?

  - by Jost

  I run a multi-disk server with LVM2. Several large disks serve as LVM2 physical volumes for one volume group, containing one logical volume formatted with ext4. Nothing fancy, just your standard linear setup. Recently an additional, very small disk was added as physical volume to that volume group and I expanded both the logical volume, and the ext4 file system therein onto that disk. This lv is used to store incremental backups using rsync and is only about 30% full, there have rarely been any files deleted from it, only incremental writes. Now this new HDD I added to the pre-existing volume group has unexpectedly died on me, and the volume group won't come up because it is missing one physical volume. As fate will have it, this WAS the "in an event of catastrophic failure on the primary server"-backup, the event happened, the boss is not happy, so this kinda has to work... According to this (Part 3): http://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/appnote/19386.html it is possible to trick LVM into starting anyway by creating a new pv with identical metadata to the failed disk, which will make the volume accessible, but of course leave giant holes in the file system. I have'n tried it yet, because it involves repairing (writing to) the file system which eliminates the possibility of trying other things if it fails. Now my question is: How does this setup actually allocate disk space for new data? Is it allocated linearly from beginning to end of PVs, in the order they were added to the vg? Is it striped somehow in order to increase performance/balance load? since this defective disk was added only later to an existing lvm2 vg and lv, containing a half-empty ext4, what are the chances that there was never any data written to the defective disk? In other words: what are the chances of recovering all my data, even without the defective disk, by just starting the volume group as-is? Am I about to go spend $1500 on having 250GB of empty space recovered when I send the defective disk in for repair? Is there a way to check without mounting the file system and opening the files, hoping they contain something other than zeros? (comparing addresses of used data blocks inside ext4 to address ranges that were on the missing pv, something like that, preferably easy to automate) I know bitwise-copying the entire lv into an image file before trying to repair the ext4 would probably be a good idea, but since this lv is very large and I just suffered major file system failure on several systems it is probably a luxury I don't have... Any suggestions?

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• Clonezilla restore from Samba - no 'restoredisk' option

  - by MT_Head

  I used a CloneZilla LiveCD to back up a couple of Windows machines to a Samba share. Now I'm trying to restore those images, and CloneZilla won't even give me the 'restoredisk' or 'restorepart' options on the menu. I'm guessing that this is because CZ isn't recognizing a valid image... but why? Here's a listing of the folder on the Samba share: -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 319 May 31 03:45 blkdev.list -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 5307 May 31 04:41 clonezilla-img -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 4 May 31 04:31 disk -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 16091 May 31 04:31 Info-dmi.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 11029 May 31 04:31 Info-lshw.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 1502 May 31 04:31 Info-lspci.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 170 May 31 04:31 Info-packages.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 80 May 31 04:41 Info-saved-by-cmd.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 10 May 31 04:31 parts -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 2097152000 May 31 04:06 sda1.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz.aa -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 247361656 May 31 04:08 sda1.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz.ab -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 823182034 May 31 04:31 sda2.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz.aa -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 36 May 31 03:45 sda-chs.sf -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 31744 May 31 03:45 sda-hidden-data-after-mbr -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 512 May 31 03:45 sda-mbr -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 315 May 31 03:45 sda-pt.parted -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 285 May 31 03:45 sda-pt.parted.compact -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 259 May 31 03:45 sda-pt.sf (I've been experimenting with various permissions trying to get this to work; that's why they're currently all "rwxrwxrwx"...) I've got my CZ LiveCD stuck in a (different) machine with a 160GB SATA disk that I'm fine with overwriting; although CZ doesn't show a directory listing, it does show that the correct folder is mounted as /home/partimag. But a moment later, after selecting either Beginner or Expert, I'm only presented with the "savedisk", "saveparts", and "exit" options. What am I doing wrong? I am confident that the initial backup was successful; I can post the log if desired, or any other information that might be germane. Edit: I've copied the contents of the folder onto a 16GB USB stick and set THAT as /home/partimag. Still nothing. What the hell is CZ looking for?

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• Windows XP long login (15 minutes +)

  - by Emily Pinkerton

  I'm having a lot of issues with our Windows XP SP3 machines (about 5, but every week another gets on the bandwagon of this issue). They take forever (15 minutes) to apply the user settings once our employee's enter their username and password to login to our domain. It only happens say if a user has reboot the machine and then when they go to log back in then it hangs forever. Reboot and restart are the key words for sure I've noticed with this issue. Here are things I have tested: •Made sure the DNS was set to point to our two servers (Server01 & Server02 are DNS Domain Controllers, 01 is primary and 02 backup). •No major changes have been applied to our network. •All profiles are local, so I have deleted out local profiles that aren't being used on those machines that run slow. •Also I have tried to enable and disable the Enable Fast Login under the local machines GP. It was not configured originally and when I tested both, it made the computer hang on "applying computer settings" for about 15 minutes. When it finally came up to the login screen the it was very quick to login to the domain. However this doesn't fix my issue, and even more frustrating upon setting it back to being not configured it now still takes for forever to apply computer settings. •I enabled the userenv log and here is what I see, but my experience is limited and I'm not sure how to read it exactly. (see below for log, this isn't the whole thing because it's really long) USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:843 LoadUserProfile: LoadUserProfileP succeeded USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:843 LoadUserProfile: Returning success. Final Information follows: USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:843 lpProfileInfo-UserName = USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:843 lpProfileInfo-lpProfilePath = < USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:843 lpProfileInfo-dwFlags = 0x0 USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:843 LoadUserProfile: Returning TRUE. hProfile = <0x818 USERENV(2ec.2f0) 10:50:41:984 IsSyncForegroundPolicyRefresh: Synchronous, Reason:NonCachedCredentials USERENV(2ec.248) 10:50:41:984 IsSyncForegroundPolicyRefresh: Synchronous, Reason:NonCachedCredentials USERENV(3c4.3dc) 10:51:26:166 LibMain: Process Name: C:\WINDOWS\system\wbem\wmiprvse.exe USERENV(2ec.5cc) 11:05:08:741 ProcessGPOs: network name is 192.168.49.0 USERENV(4a8.888) 11:05:08:804 GetProfileType: Profile already loaded. USERENV(4a8.888) 11:05:08:804 LoadProfileInfo: Failed to query central profile with error 2 USERENV(4a8.888) 11:05:08:804 GetProfileType: ProfileFlags is 0 Also this error is in the file quite a lot: USERENV(328.5bc) 11:05:29:733 GetUserDNSDomainName: Failed to impersonate user USERENV(328.834) 11:05:29:733 ImpersonateUser: Failed to impersonate user with 5. I'm really not sure what else to do with my limited experience, but I'm hoping someone can help me. I feel like I'm dealing with an issue way above my level and any knowledge I can gain out of getting this issue fixed would be amazing.

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• Mysql server fails to start

  - by Nicolas Thery

  Googling since two hours, I require your assistance. I'm on a Debian virtual machine and I cloned it. The only change is the new IP adress it has. Mysql doesn't start any more: Starting MySQL database server: mysqld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . failed! There is no process called mysql. All the mysql log files in /var/log are empty. here is my.cnf file : [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp language = /usr/share/mysql/english skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M [mysqld_safe] syslog Here is the result of ifconfig : eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:12:98:9a inet adr:192.168.1.138 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Masque:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:754 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:106 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:1000 RX bytes:101177 (98.8 KiB) TX bytes:17719 (17.3 KiB) lo Link encap:Boucle locale inet adr:127.0.0.1 Masque:255.0.0.0 adr inet6: ::1/128 Scope:Hôte UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:0 RX bytes:560 (560.0 B) TX bytes:560 (560.0 B) As requested, here is the result of : sudo -u mysql mysqld, here is the result : root@debian:/home/nicolas/Bureau# sudo -u mysql mysqld 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13) 121004 14:26:57 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 121004 14:26:57 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M 121004 14:26:57 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121004 14:26:57 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 70822697 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Recovering after a crash using /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Starting crash recovery... 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Crash recovery finished. 121004 14:26:57 [ERROR] mysqld: Can't find file: './mysql/host.frm' (errno: 13) 121004 14:26:57 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Can't find file: './mysql/host.frm' (errno: 13)

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• Server freezes at XX:25

  - by Karevan

  We've ordered a 50 euro/month server on hetzner.de, it has debian OS. The problem is that server is freezing in random time of the day and nothing appears in log. Only hardware reboot helps. Part of the log file while it was freezing: Aug 17 22:38:26 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [INFO] New connection from 95.211.120.220 Aug 17 22:38:26 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [INFO] Logout. Aug 17 22:39:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22828]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type$ Aug 17 23:09:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22835]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type$ Aug 17 23:17:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22842]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Aug 17 23:39:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22847]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type$ Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: imklog 4.6.4, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.6.4" x-pid="1229" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] (re)start Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.32-5-amd64 (Debian 2.6.32-45) ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.3.5 (Debian 4.3.5$ Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/md2 ro As you can see, it appears only the fact of starting. No. theres no way to look in server's console right after when it freezes, sadly. Datacenter supporters do not really want to help about that. Server has been installed 30th july, times and dates of freezes are down there: 6 august, 0:25 18 august, 2:27 21 august, 1:25 26 august, 23:26. We decided that freezing around ??:25 isn't a hardware fault, and decided to reinstall the OS. Later, 31 august, our admin backed up all files, reinstalled Debian, and restored the backup. But then, 7 september, server went down again, at 5:05. We thought it was related to Anyone else experiencing high rates of Linux server crashes during a leap second day? and turned ntp off. But then the server went down twice again, 21 september, 17:29 and 24 september, 20:27. I called all linux admins I knew to help with solving it and they said everything is fine about configuring OS and it could be hardware only. But they dont know why it always freezes at XX:25-30. Maybe some of you know about something related to that?

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• Tying down a cloud by virtualizing everything and then locking VMs to real hardware as necessary

  - by tudor

  I'm looking for a cloud software solution that: Can run on both server and desktop machines; Virtualizes hardware and has the option of exposing each real machine to the cloud; Allows a VM to be "locked" to a set of real hardware capabilities and stay there until moved (e.g. a user's "real" desktop); Allows a VM to link to some types of devices elsewhere (e.g. USB/serial via ethernet); and Is geography-aware to control movement of VMs between real networks. I'm aware that this may be the holy grail of virtualization, and I've searched alot. Some solutions appear to meet some criteria but not others. Most cloud implementations appear to ignore real hardware, for example. I realise that this may be solved by using three different implementations in combination: A standard cloud server farm. A bare-metal network backup utility with PXEBoot. VNC and/or VDI. (VNC obviously would require the real hardware to be running.) This combination, however, has some serious drawbacks that I'd like to solve by treating it as one system. My explanation follows... I have a network of real servers and desktops in multiple locations. I've virtualized servers before using Virtualbox and that's worked quite well. I've even connected USB devices to VMs on servers. I would like to virtualize the desktops in all my offices to facilitate movement of desktops, remote access (e.g. VDI) and bare-metal backups. However, I know that there are problems with this. For example, some desktops have specific hardware (e.g. 3D graphics cards, USB devices, etc) that limit their mobility. Geographic constraints also limit movement in that VMs can be moved easily within offices, but transferring between offices is not always preferable. What I would like to find is a system that can virtualize everything from bare-metal easily by maintaining an abstraction layer on each client and server machine that exposes the hardware available and runs as a cloud. Then certain VMs would be "locked" to specific hardware (so that, e.g. the VM runs only on their own desktop.) This would be required for situations where speed is important (e.g. 3D graphics pass-through). In addition, abstracted low-speed devices (e.g. USB) could be piped from real hardware to a VM in the cloud. This is important since if a VM is taken down, another VM can connect to the real hardware for minimum downtime.

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• Is real-time or synchronous replication possible over WAN link?

  - by johnnyb10

  The company I work for is looking to implement truly real-time file replication with file locking over a WAN link that spans over 2000 miles. We currently have a 16-drive SAN setup in our east coast office. We also have an office out in Colorado that will have the same exact SAN setup. The idea is to have those two SANs contain the same exact data at all times, which will allow us to work with the same data pool, and which will also provide use with an offsite backup solution, should a failure occur on either end. We're running Server 2008. The objective is to enable users in the east coast office to work on files and have those changes be instantly updated on the Colorado SAN as well. We also need there to be file locking so that there will be no conflicts or overwritten changes if users attempt to work on the same file. Is this scenario even possible, at speeds that would make the files usable? And if so, what software would we need to pull this off? As I understand it, DFS-R does not provide file locking, so if we used that, we would need to go with a third-party product like Peerlock. But I don't even know if DFS-R is an option. Can it replicate quickly enough over a WAN link? Can any product? It seems that if we were to use synchronous replication, the programs would be unacceptably slow, as every write would have to wait for confirmation from the other end of the link. But if we used asynchronous replication, what kind of latency would we be looking at? There is a product from GlobalScape called WAFS that claims to provide "File coherence with real-time file locking, file release, and synchronization" and says that "As files are modified, changes are mirrored instantly using intelligent byte-level differencing to minimize the impact on network bandwidth". So this sounds like synchronous replication, but that doesn't even seem possible, given physical limitations such as the speed of light. If anyone has any experience with this kind of setup, or knows whether it's even possible, I'd appreciate your input and suggestions, including recommendations for software that we should check out.

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• Tracking down rogue disk usage

  - by Amadan

  I found several other questions regarding the theory behind my problem (e.g. this, this), but I don't know how to apply the answers to my machine. # du -hsx / 11000283 / # df -kT / Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/csisv13-root ext4 516032952 361387456 128432532 74% / There is a big difference between 11G (du) and 345G (df). Where are the remaining 334G? It's not in deleted files. There was only one, it was short, and I truncated it just in case. This is what remains: # lsof -a +L1 / COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NLINK NODE NAME zabbix_ag 4902 zabbix 1w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4902 zabbix 2w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4906 zabbix 1w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4906 zabbix 2w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4907 zabbix 1w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4907 zabbix 2w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4908 zabbix 1w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4908 zabbix 2w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4909 zabbix 1w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4909 zabbix 2w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4910 zabbix 1w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) zabbix_ag 4910 zabbix 2w REG 252,0 0 0 28836028 /var/log/zabbix-agent/zabbix_agentd.log.1 (deleted) I rebooted to see if fsck does anything. But, from /var/log/boot.log, it seems there are no issues: /dev/mapper/server-root: clean, 3936097/32768000 files, 125368568/131064832 blocks Thinking maybe someone overzealously reserved root space, I checked the master record: # tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/server-root tune2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: / Filesystem UUID: 86430ade-cea7-46ce-979c-41769a41ecbe Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 32768000 Block count: 131064832 Reserved block count: 6553241 Free blocks: 5696264 Free inodes: 28831903 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 992 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Fri Feb 1 13:44:04 2013 Last mount time: Tue Aug 19 16:56:13 2014 Last write time: Fri Feb 1 13:51:28 2013 Mount count: 9 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Fri Feb 1 13:44:04 2013 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Lifetime writes: 1215 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 First orphan inode: 28836028 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: bca55ff5-f530-48d1-8347-25c004f66d43 Journal backup: inode blocks The system is: # uname -a Linux server 3.2.0-67-generic #101-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 17:46:11 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS" Does anyone have any tips on what exactly to do to find and hopefully reclaim the missing space?

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• Exchange 2007 Standard Edition

  - by Phrontiste

  We Have : Exchange 2007 Standard Edition IBM System X3650 2 x Intel Xeon 5430 2.66 GHz Version 8.1 Build 240.6 Mailbox, Hub Transport, Client Access Role Installed on One Box Total Number of Mailboxes : 110 - 130 6 Physical Disks Disk 0,1 (68 GB) = Raid-1, OS Partition ( C: Partition) Disk 2,3 (279GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Database (First and Second Storage Groups) ( D: Partition ) Disk 4,5 (68 GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Transaction Logs ( E: Partition ) Setup: Storage Groups : D:\First Storage group\Mailbox database.edb Storage Groups : D:\Second Storage Group\Public Folder Database.edb Transaction Logs : E Partition Problem 1: On our D Partition (Mailbox Database Partition), total size is 279 GB, free space remaining is 64.7 GB, when I select the first storage group and second storage group folders and right click properties they report a size of 165 GB. Mailbox database reports a size of 157GB when right clicked Properties. where as the size displayed in the folder is 164,893,456 KB So, we are missing around 50-54 GB, there is nothing else on these drives, no page file, nothing at all. The partition housing the Transaction logs is reporting the sizes accurately. Any suggestions / fixes on the above ? Problem 2: As you may have already read in Problem 1, the size of the mailbox database is 157GB or 164GB reported; which is not recommended, a) What would you suggest we should do to divide mailboxes in storage groups on this same server ? b) How would we move mailboxes into different storage groups ? c) This is the information store size ? (Am I right in thinking that this is not recommended) d) Having multiple storage groups with one Mailbox DB in each, would that reduce the size of the Information Store? e) Any suggestions / how-to reduce the size of information store ? We didn't install this, we have inherited this - what other recommendations you can make in order to keep ourselves better prepared for any server disaster? We are backing up with Yosemite Backup on RD1000 (320GB) at the moment, which is backing up successfully, flushing the logs daily. We haven't done a test restore YET. I have tried to provide as much info as possible, please let me know if you need further info. Also, we haven't yet faced any problems in mailflow, access speeds, everything is working fine, we have two to five people accessing OWA or Outlook via vpn only. Thanks for your time to read the above - will look forward to your expert suggestions.

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• How to reset mysql's replication settings completely, without reinstalling it?

  - by user38060

  I set up mysql replication by adding references to binlogs, relay logs etc in my.cnf restarted mysql, it worked. I wanted to change it so I deleted all binlog related files including log-bin.index, removed binlog statements from my.cnf restarted server, works set master to '', purge master logs since now(), reset slave, stop slave, stop master. now, to set up replication again, I added binlog statements to the server. But then I hit this problem when restarting with: sudo mysqld (the only way to see mysql's startup errors) I get this error: /usr/sbin/mysqld: File '/etc/mysql/var/log-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13) Because indeed, this file does not exist! (I deleted it, while trying to set up a new replication system) Hmm, if I change the config line to: log-bin-index = log-bin.index I get a different error: [ERROR] Can't generate a unique log-filename /etc/mysql/var/bin.(1-999) [ERROR] MSYQL_BIN_LOG::open failed to generate new file name. [ERROR] Aborting The first time I set up replication on this system, I didn't need to create this file. I did the same thing - added references to a previously non-existing file, and mysql created it. Same with relay logs, etc. I don't know why mysql insists on trying to read the old folder. Should I just reinstall the whole package again? That seems like overkill. my my.cnf: [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking bind-address = IP key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP table_cache = 64 sort_buffer =64K net_buffer_length =2K query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M slow_query_log_file = /etc/mysql/var/mysql-slow.log long_query_time = 1 log-queries-not-using-indexes expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M server-id = 3 log-bin = /etc/mysql/var/bin.log log-slave-updates log-bin-index = /etc/mysql/var/log-bin.index log-error = /etc/mysql/var/error.log relay-log = /etc/mysql/var/relay.log relay-log-info-file = /etc/mysql/var/relay-log.info relay-log-index = /etc/mysql/var/relay-log.index auto_increment_increment = 10 auto_increment_offset = 3 master-host = HOST master-user = USER master-password=PWD replicate-do-db = DBNAME collation_server=utf8_unicode_ci character_set_server=utf8 skip-character-set-client-handshake [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 16M sort_buffer_size = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ Update: Changing all the /etc/mysql/var/xxx paths in binlog & relay log statements to local has somehow solved the problem. I thought it was apparmor causing it at first, but when I added /etc/mysql/* rw, to apparmor's config and restarted it, it still couldn't read the full path.

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• Small Business Server services will not start, and remote desktop and UAC are broken

  - by Stephen Jennings

  Yesterday I began setting up a server with Windows Small Business Server 2008. All I am configuring it for right now is to be a domain controller and Exchange server. I completed the initial setup of SBS then started looking through different connection options (allowing VPN versus using a TS Gateway). After I rebooted one time, I started having three not-obviously-related issues: First, I could no longer remote desktop into the computer. I ran TCPView and saw that it was no longer listening on port 3389. I checked everything in Terminal Service Configuration but everything shows the computer ought to be allowing connections. Also, when I tried to use anything that required user account control elevation, the UAC dialog never popped up and the program that was waiting just froze. If I try to run "regedit" from the Run box, for example, it never appears. When I run in safe mode which does not run with UAC, I was able to access everything. I didn't want to deal with it, so I turned off UAC and rebooted. Finally, in the Windows SBS Console, there are status indicators for Security, Updates, Backup, and Other Alerts. The first three get stuck saying "Querying". Looking in the computer alerts, I have events showing the following services stopped: Background Intelligent Transfer Service KtmRm for Distributed Transaction Coordinator Distributed Transaction Coordinator Microsoft Exchange Information Store Microsoft Exchange System Attendant Microsoft Exchange Transport Windows Remote Management Update Services Windows Update I figured I must have configured something wrong accidentally and I couldn't find anything using Google explaining what might be the case, so I just decided to format the hard drive and reinstall SBS from scratch. I did this and everything was working last night, but I just turned the machine back on and it is doing the same thing again! On my second install, I did not configure anything except the following (all from SBS Console): Connect to the Internet (set IP and router address) Turn off customer feedback. Set up internet address. Decline to use a Smart Host for email. Added one standard user account. Since this happened again and I was very careful the second time not to configure anything outside of the SBS Console, I feel like there's something else going on. Right now the machine is on an isolated network that does have internet access. My desktop is the only other machine plugged into this network. Any and all help is appreciated (before I tear my hair out!)

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• Remove DRM from *.pdb e-book that I own - while maintaining footnotes, etc.?

  - by ziesemer

  Background: I've already reviewed Remove DRM from ePub Files? and How can I remove DRM from Kindle books? - the answers to which have already brought me partial process. The challenge is that I have a few purchased *.pdb e-books that I purchased in years past, e.g. 2006. In particular, they were purchased from the palm eBook Store (ebooks.palm.com - now defunct, possibly part of http://www.ereader.com / Barnes & Noble?) - originally for use on a Palm Treo that has since died. Of particular note is that I have a revision / publication of a book that is no longer published, and not available as an e-book from anywhere else that I've been able to find. (I feel fortunate to have even found the *.pdb files on backup.) I have a copy of the electronic invoice for it - which includes the details necessary for unlocking - the "Purchaser's Name" and the "Unlock Code" - which is the digits of my credit card # that I had used to purchase it. Given the above information, I was surprised to be able to open the book using the Windows eReader software and unlock it. Here I am able to view the complete contents and functionality of the book as I had done on the Palm Treo - including viewing of linked annotations / footnotes, etc. Following the full spirit of Remove DRM from ePub Files?, I want to ensure that I can access this on any device of my choosing - especially now and in the future, and as new technologies arrive and disappear. Ideally, I'm just looking to accomplish the minimum necessary to allow import into calibre. Outstanding Issue: I've found a few solutions that have given me "90%" success - all based on various versions of some Python scripts - including versions 0.21 and 0.11 of "erdr2pml.py" (based on "ereader2html"). Unfortunately, unless I'm missing something, these programs are attempting to also "convert" - instead of just "decrypting". As such, the outputs are missing embedded images and/or footnotes. I.E., there is a linked, underlined, and super-scripted "a" after some text - but the content of the footnote no longer exists. I can validate this by inspecting the generated *.pmlz file, and nowhere does it contain the original footnotes that are still visible in the original *.pdb file. I'm hoping to find a process that focuses on the decryption only, instead of attempting any type of a content conversion - or if a content conversion is required / involved, that it maintains all of the features and content of the original. (Again, I'm confident that if/once a version is obtained that calibre can import, I'll be able to fulfill the rest of my requirements.)

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• how to diagnosis and resolve: /usr/lib64/libz.so.1: no version information available

  - by matchew

  I had a hell of a time installing lxml for python2.7 on centOs5.6. For some background, python2.7 is an alternative installation of python on centOS5.6 which comes with python2.4 installed. it was bulit from source per its instrucitons ./configure make make altinstall However, after about 20 hours of trying I managed to find a workable solution and was able to install lxml. Until, I notice the following error at the top of the interpreter: python2.7: /usr/lib64/libz.so.1: no version information available (required by python2.7) Python 2.7.2 (default, Jun 30 2011, 18:55:26) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> print 'Sheeeeut!' this error is printed out everytime I run a script. For example: $ ./test.py /usr/local/bin/python2.7: /usr/lib64/libz.so.1: no version information available (required by /usr/local/bin/python2.7) the script runs flawlessly, but this error is bothersome. After some digging I have seem to believe I have a wrong version of libz installed, that it is either an older version or built for a different platform. I'm not quite sure how, I've only installed libz through yum, as far as I know. Although, I can't quite remember every little thing I tried in my twenty hours of trying. You may also be intereted in what my lib64 folder looks like, here is some information $ ls -ltrh libz* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 84K Jan 9 2007 libz.so.1.2.3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107K Jan 9 2007 libz.a -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 154K Feb 22 23:30 libzdb.so.7.0.2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 20 20:46 libz.so.1 -> libz.so.1.2.3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jun 30 18:43 libzdb.so.7 -> libzdb.so.7.0.2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jul 1 11:35 libz.so -> libz.so.1.2.3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jul 1 11:35 libzdb.so -> libzdb.so.7.0.2 notice: the items that Say Jul 1st or Jun 30th are from me. I had initially moved these files into a backup folder as they seeemed to be 1. duplicates and 2. had a date after/during my problems I alluded to earlier that I had with lxml One inclination is to completely remove python2.7 and re-install. I think having it install to /usr/local/ was a poor default choice. However, without the make uninstall option being present it seems to be a time consuming task for a solution I am not quite sure would solve my problem.

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• Fast user switching suddenly stopped working on my Windows XP Prof machine

  - by John

  When I start Win XP SP2 I get to the welcome screen with no user names displayed. I then press Alt+Ctrl+Del twice and type in the username and then am able to login to Windows. When I go to user accounts in Control Panel I get the error message cells.item(...) is null or not an object. When I go to computer administration and then local users and groups there are no users listed under users but the groups is listed. I did a windows repair with no luck. I tried doing restore points but it said they didn’t work. Please help? My wife and I have been using fast user switching on out computer for years with no problem. Beginning a few months ago, I started Win XP Prof one day I get to the welcome screen with no user names displayed. I then press Alt+Ctrl+Del twice and type in the username and then am able to login to Windows with an account of owner. When I go to user accounts in Control Panel I get the error message cells.item(...) is null or not an object. When I go to computer administration and then local users and groups there are no users listed under users but the groups are listed. I have done system point restores and imports of exports of the registry I take with import. I have tried everything under safe mode and it makes no difference. This followed a Microsoft update the night before as I left the computer on. I tried to do a restore point but all my restore points failed and could not backout the MS updates. I was working with a fellow from Microsoft and he had me do all kinds of things but to no avail. He seems to think a DLL file is corrupt but which one? Finally in desperation he sent me a new OS XP Prof SP3 disk and I installed it and it wiped my hard drive. Luckily I took an Acronis Image backup first so I easily restored my system. I do not want to do a fresh windows update as it is heavily customized and worked fine up to that point. This has been going on for months, Thanks John

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• Hang while starting several daemons [solved]

  - by Adrian Lang

  I’m running a Debian Squeeze AMD64 server. Target runlevel after boot is runlevel 2, which includes rsyslogd, cron, sshd and some other stuff, but not dovecot, postfix, apache2, etc. The system fails to reach runlevel 2 with several symptoms: The system hangs at trying to start rsyslogd Booting into runlevel 1 works, then login from the console works Starting rsyslogd from runlevel 1 via /etc/init.d/rsyslog hangs Starting runlevel 2 with rsyslogd disabled works But then, logging in via console fails: I get the motd, and then nothing Starting sshd from runlevel 1 succeeds But then, I cannot login via ssh. Sometimes password ssh login gives me the motd and then nothing, sometimes not even this. Trying to offer a public key seems to annoy the sshd enough to not talk to me any further. When rebooting from runlevel 1, the server hangs at trying to stop apache2 (which is not running, so this really should be trivial). Trying to stop apache2 when logged in in runleve 1 does hang as well. And that’s just the stuff which fails all the time. RAM has been tested, dmesg shows no problems. I have no clue. Update: (shortened) output from rsyslogd -c4 -d called in runlevel 1 rsyslogd 4.6.4 startup, compatibility mode 4, module path '' caller requested object 'net', not found (iRet -3003) Requested to load module 'lmnet' loading module '/user/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so' module of type 2 being loaded conf.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount 1 rsylog runtime initialized, version 4.6.4, current users 1 syslogd.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount now 2 I can kill rsyslogd with Strg+C, then. /var/log shows none of the configured log files, though. Update2: Thanks to @DerfK I still have no clue, but at least I narrowed down the problem. I’m now testing with /etc/init.d/apache2 stop (without an apache2 running, of course) which hangs as well and looks like an even more obvious failure. After some testing I found out that a file with one single line: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest /dev/null 2&1 hangs, while the same line executed in an interactive shell works. I was not able to further reduce this line while, i. e. every single part, the stream redirections and the commando itself is necessary to reproduce the hang. @DerfK also pointed me to strace which gave a shallow hint about what kind of hang we have here: wait4(-1for the init scripts futex(0xsomepointer, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL for rsyslogd / apache2 binaries called by the init scripts The system was installed as a Debian Lenny by my hoster in autumn 2011, I upgraded it to Squeeze immediately and kept it up to date with Squeeze, which then used to be testing. There were no big changes, though. I guess I never tried to reboot the system before. Update3: I found the problem. My /etc/nsswitch.conf specified ldap as hosts lookup backup, which is not available at that time of the boot. Relying on dns solely fixes my boot problems.

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• APC ups es 700 randomly overload

  - by Matteo Mosca

  First of all, I live in Italy, Europe, so keep this in mind for Volt/Watt considerations. Standard voltage in Italian apartments is 220V. In my living room I have 2 APC ups, one being an ES-550 and the other an ES-700 They each have 4 slots for surge protection only, and 4 slots for surge protection + battery backup. Just to give all the information, they both got their battery replaced less than one month ago. The ES-550 works fine, without any problem. On the battery I have connected: Pc Monitor Sony Bravia 46'' 4th slot is empty The ES-700 has the following on battery: Xbox 360 Ps3 (standby when not used) Wii (standby when not used) Netgear 8 port switch (always on) Here's what happens: the ES-700, randomly, but mostly at night when I'm sleeping, goes like "overload", with the constant beep. If I try to shut it off keeping the power button pressed, nothing happens. The only thing that works is unplugging random stuff (sometimes unplugging 1 console works, other times I have to unplug all 4 devices). Every time this happens the problem is "real", meaning the 4 devices become unpowered, so it's not just an "alarm no working properly" problem. While I'm sleeping, of course, the power usage is what described on the list, 2 devices on standy, 1 off and 1 on. Today it happened again while I was playing with my Ps3. I unplugged it, problem went away. I plugged it again, and it kept working fine. I just can't figure out what's the problem. The only additional info I can provide is that this behaviour started after a big power outage last december 26 (a blackout that lasted almost all day) but the "surge protection" part of those UPS should be there for those problems, to leverage peaks when power goes away or gets restored. Another funny thing is, althought it might not be related, for a couple of days after that event the Wii was unable to power on, I thought its power transformer was broken, but then it suddenly started working again. I can be sure it's not the Wii overloading the UPS because the overload happens even if I leave the Wii unplugged. Any suggestion is really appreciated, and I can provide any additional info, if needed, that didn't come to mind right now. Thanks.

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• Baseline / Benchmark Physical and virtual server performance

  - by EyeonTech

  I am setting up a new server and there are some options. I want to perform some benchmarks and I need your help in determining the best tools and if possible run pre-configured benchmarks designed for SQL servers on Windows Server 2008/2012. Step 1. Run a performance monitor on the current Live SQL server (Windows Server 2008 Virtual machine running on ESXi. New server Hardware rundown: Intel® Server System R1304BTLSHBN - 1U Rack, LGA1155 http://ark.intel.com/products/53559/Intel-Server-System-R1304BTLSHBN Intel Xeon E3-1270V2 2x Intel SSD 330 Series 240GB 2.5in SATA 6Gb/s 25nm 1x WD 2TB WD2002FAEX 2TB 64M SATA3 CAVIAR BLACK 4x 8GB 1333MHz DDR3 ECC CL9 DIMM There are several options for configurations and I want to benchmark some of them and share the results. Option 1. Configure 2x SSDs at RAID 0. Install Windows Server 2008 directly to the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Store Database files on the RAID 0 Volume. Benchmark the OS direct on the hardware as an SQL Server. Store SQL Backup databases on the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Option 2. Configure 2x SSDs at RAID 0. Install Windows Server 2012 directly to the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Install Hyper-V. Install the SQL Server (Server 2008) as a virtual machine. Store the Virtual Hard Disks on the SSDs. Option 3. Configure 2x SSDs at RAID 0. Install VMWare ESXi on a partition of the 2TB WD Caviar HDD. Install the SQL Server (Server 2008) as a virtual machine. Store the Virtual Hard Disks on the SSDs. I have a few tools in mind from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc768530(v=bts.10).aspx. Any tools with pre-configured test would be fantastic. Specifically if there are pre-configured perfmon sets avaliable. Any opinions on the setup to gain the best results is welcome. Thanks in advance.

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• mounting ext4 fs with block size of 65536

  - by seaquest

  I am doing some benchmarking on EXT4 performance on Compact Flash media. I have created an ext4 fs with block size of 65536. however I can not mount it on ubuntu-10.10-netbook-i386. (it is already mounting ext4 fs with 4096 bytes of block sizes) According to my readings on ext4 it should allow such big block sized fs. I want to hear your comments. root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 65536 /dev/sda3 Warning: blocksize 65536 not usable on most systems. mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) mkfs.ext4: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096) Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Warning: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096), forced to continue Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=65536 (log=6) Fragment size=65536 (log=6) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 19968 inodes, 19830 blocks 991 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 1 block group 65528 blocks per group, 65528 fragments per group 19968 inodes per group Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. root@ubuntu:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 4cf3f507-e7b4-463c-be11-5b408097099b Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 19968 Block count: 19830 Reserved block count: 991 Free blocks: 18720 Free inodes: 19957 First block: 0 Block size: 65536 Fragment size: 65536 Blocks per group: 65528 Fragments per group: 65528 Inodes per group: 19968 Inode blocks per group: 78 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Sat Feb 5 14:40:02 2011 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Thu Aug 4 14:39:55 2011 Lifetime writes: 70 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: afb5b570-9d47-4786-bad2-4aacb3b73516 Journal backup: inode blocks root@ubuntu:~# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda3 /mnt/ mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so

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• HAproxy roundrobin balancing does not appear to be distributing evently

  - by andrew

  Hello, I know that with loaded servers, roundrobin in HAproxy (1.4.4) does not evenly distribute, but my servers are currently getting NO traffic (test setup), and roundrobin balancing does www1,www1,www1,www1,www1,...www2,www2,www2,...,www1... I'm verifying this by having the script being run on each server cat /etc/HOSTNAME (slackware). I need to have it switch back and forth each time to test some session stuff (stored in shared memcached) but am having trouble getting it to switch between my two web servers on each request. global log 127.0.0.1 local0 warning maxconn 4096 chroot /usr/share/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid uid 99 gid 99 daemon defaults balance roundrobin fullconn 100 maxconn 4096 mode http option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor option redispatch retries 3 timeout connect 5000 timeout client 20000 timeout server 60000 timeout queue 60000 stats enable stats uri /haproxy stats auth ***:*** frontend www *:80 log global acl is_upload hdr_dom(host) -i uploads.site.com acl is_api hdr_dom(host) -i api.site.com acl is_dev hdr_dom(host) -i dev.site.com acl is_apidev hdr_dom(host) -i apidev.site.com use_backend uploads.site.com if is_upload use_backend api.site.com if is_api use_backend dev.site.com if is_dev !is_apidev default_backend site.com backend site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 backend api.site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:api.site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 backend dev.site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:dev.site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 backend uploads.site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:uploads.site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 backup weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 So basically, I have some different back-ends (I've verified the ACLs are working), with the default option "roundrobin" selected. I've tried removing weights, removing the minconn/maxconn/fullconn attributes for all servers (not just the backend I'm testing), tried removing the ACLs, etc. I've been testing on dev.site.com BTW. Anyone see a reason why I can't get something like www1,www2,www1,www2,...? Also, this is one of my first questions on here, so please let me know if I left anything needed out of my post. Thanks!

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• Partition table corrupted (USB flash drive)

  - by 13ren

  It's an 8 GB Patriot thumb drive, which I've used extensively with lots of data. Today, it is detected, but all data is gone: (EDIT at least some data is still there, but the partition table is gone) EDIT @Sathya (thanks) here's the relevant output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sdc: 8019 MB, 8019509248 bytes 247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15314 * 512 = 7840768 bytes Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table It looks like it is /dev/sdc, with that 8 GB... and no partition table. I tried to mount /dev/sdc (and then dmesg | tail): /media> sudo mount /dev/sdc mytmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc, missing codepage or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so /media> dmesg | tail [ 24.300000] sdc: unknown partition table [ 24.320000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdc [ 24.370000] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! [ 50.420000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! EDIT @Col: results from testdisk Disk /dev/sdc - 8013 MB / 7642 MiB - CHS 1022 247 62 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 After I hit [proceed], it says: Structure: Ok. Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, Enter: to continue The "Structure: Ok." seems reassuring... will "A: add partition" make my old data accessible (if it's still there), or will it make a new, fresh partition? Another option is "[ MBR Code ] Write TestDisk MBR code to first sector" - would it be better to do this? EDIT I found that at least some of my data is still on the flash drive, by using the below, and searching for English text in less (like " the "): cat /dev/sde | tr -cd '\11\12\40\1540-\176' | less (The drive changed from "/dev/sdb" to "/dev/sde" because I connected some extra drives today). I've learnt that "/dev/sde1" would be the first partition; and "/dev/sde" is the whole drive. Because unix treats these devices just like files, you can use all the ordinary unix file commands on them, like cat, and then process them like any other stream of data. The tr above removes non-printable characters ("\40" is space, which I wanted to preserve). In less, you can use "/" to search, similar to Vim. How can I get my data back (assuming it's still there)? If only the partition table is corrupted, is there a standard "partition recovery tool"? Is there a way to "repartition" without deleting everything?

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• Generating/managing config files for hosted application

  - by mfinni

  I asked a question about config management, and haven't seen a reply. It's possible my question was too vague, so let's get down to brass tacks. Here's the process we follow when onboarding a new customer instance into our hosted application : how would you manage this? I'm leaning towards a Perl script to populate templates to generate shell scripts, config files, XML config files, etc. Looking briefly at CFengine and Chef, it seems like they're not going to reduce the amount of work, because I'd still have to manually specify all of the changes/edits within the tool. Doesn't seem to be much of a gain over touching the config files directly. We add a stanza to the main config file for the core (3rd-party) application. This stanza has values that defines the instance (customer) name the TCP listener port for this instance (not one currently used) the DB2 database name (serial numeric identifier, already exists, they get prestaged for us by the DBAs) three sub-config files, by name - they need to be created from 3 templates and be named after the instance The sub-config files define: The filepath for the DB2 volumes The filepath for the storage of objects The filepath for just one of the DB2 volumes (yes, redundant to the first item. We run some application commands, start the instance We do some LDAP thingies (make an OU for the instance, etc.) We add a stanza to the config file for our security listener that acts as a passthrough to LDAP instance name LDAP OU TCP port for instance DB2 database name We restart the security listener (off-hours), change the main config file from item 1, stop and restart the instance. It is now authenticating via LDAP. We add the stop and start commands for this instance to the HA failover scripts. We import an XML config file into the instance that defines things for the actual application for the customer - user names, groups, permissions, and business rules. The XML is supplied by the implementation team. Now, we configure the dataloading application We add a stanza to the existing top-level config file that points to a new customer-level config file. The new customer-level config file includes: the instance (customer) name the DB2 database name arbitrary number of sub-config files, by name Each of the sub-config files defines: filepaths to the directories for ingestion, feedback, backup, and failure those filepaths have a common path to a customer-specific folder, and then one folder for each sub-config file Each of those filepaths needs to be created We need to add this customer instance to our monitoring scripts that confirm the proper processes are running and can be logged into. Of course, those monitoring config files include the instance name, the TCP port, the DB2 database name, etc. There's also a reporting application that needs to be configured for the new instance. You get the idea. There's also XML that is loaded into WAS by the middleware team. We give them the values for them to plug into the XML - they could very easily hand us the template and we could give them back completed XML.

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• Missing startup screens and slow bootup/login after using WinClone to expand Bootcamp partition

  - by user26453

  I used WinClone to backup my Bootcamp partition, which was a Windows 7 Ultimate install, on my late 2006 Macbook Pro. I desired to expand the Bootcamp partition's size. It worked reasonably well with some hiccups along the way and some remaining issues. First issue I ran into was the Bootcamp Assistant utility - it would not recreate the partition. This was due to a lack of contiguous space that is required for the Bootcamp partition. As a result I wiped the whole drive and reinstalled Snow Leopard, did the minimum amount of system updates, and created and formated a new Bootcamp partition. WinClone restored the image without complaint and the image was automatically resized to the new partition's size. Second issue I ran into was after the first boot into Windows. The first thing I noticed was that instead of the newer "slick" startup screen (4 colors wisping around, a Windows 7 title), there was more of an old school style startup screen (a progress bar with block increments, yellow/greenish color, nothing else really). The initial bootup to a login screen was slow, perhaps as Windows dealt with the partition changes. After logging in, the screen goes blank and the computer seems to hang for a minute, before completing the login. After subsequent restarts, the slick screen is still missing, boot to login screen is normal, but the time from login to desktop active is still very slow. As a side note, this behavior of a long time from login to the desktop finally loaded I've previously only seen when the computer would try to hibernate and fail (battery is really bad). On the next startup, I would see this behavior, but not subsequently. So a potential cause: I imaged the partition after hibernating out of Windows. From reading some posts/guides on the subject, this was not recommended, and perhaps shouldn't even have worked? Could the partition be stuck in some weird mode as a result that makes the boot issues appear? I've attempted to disable hibernation and restart, trying to delete the .sys file that hibernation uses. Other fixes I'm thinking of attempting are booting a Win7 disc and repairing the install/partition. I can't shake the nagging feeling something isn't right as a result of the modified boot screens and the slow login process.

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