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• Best practice for C++ audio capture API under Linux?

  - by braddock

  I need to create a C++ application with a simple audio recording from microphone functionality. I can't say that there aren't enough audio APIs to do this! Pulse, ALSA, /dev/dsp, OpenAL, etc. My question is what is the current "Best practice" API? Pulse seems supported by most modern distros, but seems almost devoid of documentation. Will OpenAL be supported across different distros, or is it too obscure? Have I missed any? Is there not a simple answer? thanks!

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• What obstacles and limitations will I face by choosing Linux + Mono + C# + MySQL for a web applicati

  - by z-boss

  Is this combination possible at all? If yes, will I still need to buy Visual Studio? Will I be able to use MySQLi via C#? Thank you.

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• On linux, how to check if port is in listen state without trying to connect.

  - by Daniel

  Hi, How do I check with C if a port on my local machine (if required by passing an IP or interface, too), is in listen state? I don't want to connect to this port for checking because I don't want to irritate the service behind this port. I want to use this to add the missing net.tcp.listen item to Zabbix.

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• Running commands though PHP/Perl scripts as a priviledged user on Linux.

  - by jtd

  Background: I am writing a script for a company that will allow users to create FTP accounts through a web interface. In the background, the script must run a bunch of commands: Add the user to the system (useradd) Open and edit various files mail the user via sendmail and a few other things... I'm basically looking for the most secure way of doing this. I've heard of the setuid method, the sudo method, and of course, running httpd as a priviledged user. There will be sanity checks on the data entered of course before any commands are executed (ie. only alphanumeric characters in usernames) What is the method used by the popular scripts out there (webmin for example), as it must be fairly secure?

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• Linux: Find all symlinks of a given 'original' file? (reverse 'readlink')

  - by sdaau

  Hi all, Consider the following command line snippet: $ cd /tmp/ $ mkdir dirA $ mkdir dirB $ echo "the contents of the 'original' file" > orig.file $ ls -la orig.file -rw-r--r-- 1 $USER $USER 36 2010-12-26 00:57 orig.file # create symlinks in dirA and dirB that point to /tmp/orig.file: $ ln -s $(pwd)/orig.file $(pwd)/dirA/ $ ln -s $(pwd)/orig.file $(pwd)/dirB/lorig.file $ ls -la dirA/ dirB/ dirA/: total 44 drwxr-xr-x 2 $USER $USER 4096 2010-12-26 00:57 . drwxrwxrwt 20 root root 36864 2010-12-26 00:57 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 $USER $USER 14 2010-12-26 00:57 orig.file -> /tmp/orig.file dirB/: total 44 drwxr-xr-x 2 $USER $USER 4096 2010-12-26 00:58 . drwxrwxrwt 20 root root 36864 2010-12-26 00:57 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 $USER $USER 14 2010-12-26 00:58 lorig.file -> /tmp/orig.file At this point, I can use readling to see what is the 'original' (well, I guess the usual term here is either 'target' or 'source', but those in my mind can be opposite concepts as well, so I'll just call it 'original') file of the symlinks, i.e. $ readlink -f dirA/orig.file /tmp/orig.file $ readlink -f dirB/lorig.file /tmp/orig.file ... However, what I'd like to know is - is there a command I could run on the 'original' file, and find all the symlinks that point to it? In other words, something like (pseudo): $ getsymlinks /tmp/orig.file /tmp/dirA/orig.file /tmp/dirB/lorig.file Thanks in advance for any comments, Cheers!

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• How can I do a 'where' clause in Linux shell?

  - by Hoa

  I have a CSV file and I would like to filter all the lines where the 19th column has two or more characters. I know the individual pieces but can't figure out how to glue them together. First I have to cat the file. The following prints the 19th column awk -F "," '{print $19}' file.txt awk also has length and ifs And I know it all has to be glued together using pipes. I'm just getting stuck at the exact syntax since I have not done much bash programming before.

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• How to set baud rate to 307200 on Linux?

  - by cairol

  Basically I'm using the following code to set the baud rate of a serial port: struct termios options; tcgetattr(fd, &options); cfsetispeed(&options, B115200); cfsetospeed(&options, B115200); tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &options); This works very well. But know I have to communicate with a device that uses a baud rate of 307200. How can I set that? cfsetispeed(&options, B307200); doesn't work, there is no B307200 defined.

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• Linux How to print all the files with the same prefix after searching for them?

  - by Alyx

  I need to search through a directory which contains many sub directories, each which contain files. The files read as follows question1234_01, where 1234 are random digits and the suffix _01 is the number of messages that contain the prefix, meaning they are apart of the same continuing thread. find . -name 'quest*' | cut -d_ -f1 | awk '{print $1}' | uniq -c | sort -n example output: 1 quest1234 10 quest1523 This searches for all the files then sorts them in order. What I want to do is print all the files which end up having the most occurrences, in my example the one with 10 matches. So it should only output quest1523_01 - 11

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• How to restart Linux from inside a C++ program?

  - by Dave K

  I have a Qt 4 GUI where I need to have a option in a drop-down menu that allows the user to choose to restart the computer. I realize this might seem redunant with the ability to restart the computer in other ways, but the choice needs to stay there. I've tried using system() to call the following: a suid-root shell script a non-suid shell script a suid-root binary program and all of them just cause reboot: must be superuser to be printed. Using system() to call reboot directly does the same thing. I'm not especially attached to using system() to do this, but it seemed like the most direct choice. How can I reboot the system from the GUI?

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• How to controll (and emulate) monitor/projector on Linux?

  - by klew

  I would like to write some C/C++ program to controll monitor/projector attached to my computer. I've googled around, but I couldn't find almost anything that would lead me in some direction. Do you know where I can learn about it? What I would like to do is to write "Hello world" on an external monitor. It would be also nice to have some "monitor emulator" that will act as physicaly attached monitor (or to write program to emulate it). I'm not sure if it is possible. I couldn't find anything like this. I'm working on Ubuntu 9.10 with Gnome.

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• How can I modify the application file of an application that is currently running (on Linux)?

  - by Hach-Que

  I have an application running called AppFS. This application has an ext2 filesystem just attached to the end of the file (it's positioned so that the application binary exists in a 1MB spacing area, followed by the ext2 data). Now I've got FUSE embedded in the program and I've managed to extract the filesystem out of the application data into a temporary file so that FUSE can mount / use it. The problem I have now is writing the temporary file back into the application file. I get "Text file busy" presumably because the application has locked itself and won't let writes occur. Is there a way I can force the file to become unlocked so I can write data to it? (It's important to note that I'm not changing the application binary area - just rewriting the ext2 component.) It needs to be unlocked without requiring root permissions (unlocked by the same user who started the application).

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• Is there a (Linux) C++ IDE that can 'construct' a project from a makefile?

  - by Paul

  I am working on a legacy C app which uses makefiles. I am more comfortable (and more productive) working from within an IDE, so I am looking for an IDE that can import the makefile and create a project. Incidentally, these are hand written makefiles (not complicated ones like those generated by Autoconf). I am using Code::Blocks at the moment, but it seems it is unable to import makefiles ...

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• Difference between the address space of parent process and its child process in Linux?

  - by abbas1707

  Hi, I am confused about it. I have read that when a child is created by a parent process, child gets a copy of its parent's address space. What it means here by copy? If i use code below, then it prints same addresses of variable 'a' which is on heap in all cases. i.e in case of child and parent. So what is happening here? #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main () { pid_t pid; int *a = (int *)malloc(4); printf ("heap pointer %p\n", a); pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "Fork Failed"); exit(-1); } else if (pid == 0) { printf ("Child\n"); printf ("in child heap pointer %p\n", a); } else { wait (NULL); printf ("Child Complete\n"); printf ("in parent heap pointer %p\n", a); exit(0); } }

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• Linux rpm installs but cannot erase. Why?

  - by rmosley

  My Perl code installed several (4) rpm files as root. the next install removes them (rpm -e) before installing a newer version. One does not remove, with rpm -e giving the error that it is not installed. However, later when the updated file is installed, the message is given that it is already installed. Manual attempts to remove give the same results. My questions are how to force removal something from the rpm database, and why does this contradication exist (not installed from rpm -e and already installed from rpm -Uvh and rpm -ivh)?

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• How do I manage a Python based daemon on Linux?

  - by BCS

  I have a working Python based program that I want to run as a daemon. Currently I'm doing it in a very hackish manner of starting it in with screen-d -m name session and killing it with pkill -f name. Eventually I'm doing to have to move this to the better system we use here (thus I don't want to modify the program) but in the interim, I'm looking for a cleaner way to do this. My current thinking is kick it off as a background task from an inti.d script but how do I bring it back down?

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• How to programatically set a permanent environment variable in Linux?

  - by Richard

  I am writing a little install script for some software. All it does is unpack a target tar, and then i want to permanently set some environment variables - principally the location of the unpacked libs and updating $PATH. Do I need to programmatically edit the .bashrc file, adding the appropriate entries to the end for example, or is there another way? What's standard practice? Edit: The package includes a number of run scripts (20+) that all use these named environment variables, so I need to set them somehow (the variable names have been chosen such that a collision is extremely unlikely)

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• How to read system information in C++ on Windows and Linux?

  - by f4

  I need to read system information like CPU/RAM/disks usage in C++. Maybe swap, network and process too but that's less important. It has probably been done thousand of times before so I first tried to search for a library. Someone here suggested SIGAR, which seems to fit my needs but it has a GPL license and it is for inclusion in a proprietary product. So it's not an option here. I feel like it's something not that easy to implement, as it'll need testing on several platforms. So a library would be welcome. If you don't know of any library, could you point me in the right direction for both platforms?

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• Strange behaviour of CUDA kernel

  - by username_4567

  I'm writing code for calculating prefix sum. Here is my kernel __global__ void prescan(int *indata,int *outdata,int n,long int *sums) { extern __shared__ int temp[]; int tid=threadIdx.x; int offset=1,start_id,end_id; int *global_sum=&temp[n+2]; if(tid==0) { temp[n]=blockDim.x*blockIdx.x; temp[n+1]=blockDim.x*(blockIdx.x+1)-1; start_id=temp[n]; end_id=temp[n+1]; //cuPrintf("Value of start %d and end %d\n",start_id,end_id); } __syncthreads(); start_id=temp[n]; end_id=temp[n+1]; temp[tid]=indata[start_id+tid]; temp[tid+1]=indata[start_id+tid+1]; for(int d=n>>1;d>0;d>>=1) { __syncthreads(); if(tid<d) { int ai=offset*(2*tid+1)-1; int bi=offset*(2*tid+2)-1; temp[bi]+=temp[ai]; } offset*=2; } if(tid==0) { sums[blockIdx.x]=temp[n-1]; temp[n-1]=0; cuPrintf("sums %d\n",sums[blockIdx.x]); } for(int d=1;d<n;d*=2) { offset>>=1; __syncthreads(); if(tid<d) { int ai=offset*(2*tid+1)-1; int bi=offset*(2*tid+2)-1; int t=temp[ai]; temp[ai]=temp[bi]; temp[bi]+=t; } } __syncthreads(); if(tid==0) { outdata[start_id]=0; } __threadfence_block(); __syncthreads(); outdata[start_id+tid]=temp[tid]; outdata[start_id+tid+1]=temp[tid+1]; __syncthreads(); if(tid==0) { temp[0]=0; outdata[start_id]=0; } __threadfence_block(); __syncthreads(); if(blockIdx.x==0 && threadIdx.x==0) { for(int i=1;i<gridDim.x;i++) { sums[i]=sums[i]+sums[i-1]; } } __syncthreads(); __threadfence(); if(blockIdx.x==0 && threadIdx.x==0) { for(int i=0;i<gridDim.x;i++) { cuPrintf("****sums[%d]=%d ",i,sums[i]); } } __syncthreads(); __threadfence(); if(blockIdx.x!=gridDim.x-1) { int tid=(blockIdx.x+1)*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(threadIdx.x==0) cuPrintf("Adding %d \n",sums[blockIdx.x]); outdata[tid]+=sums[blockIdx.x]; } __syncthreads(); } In above kernel, sums array will accumulate prefix sum per block and and then first thread will calculate prefix sum of this sum array. Now if I print this sum array from device side it'll show correct results while in cuPrintf("Adding %d \n",sums[blockIdx.x]); this line it prints that it is taking old value. What could be the reason?

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• Will the program installed in a folder function properly if I remove the write permission in linux? [on hold]

  - by Kevin Powell

  I have a user account on a cluster( a server), and can only install program like python on the home folder. In case I might accidentally delete the bin, lib, share,include folders coming with the installation of python on the home folder. I change the permissions of the above folder like this chmod -w folder but I am worried when the program need to write/delete some files of the folders, it might not function because the removal of write permission. Am I right? or I the run, including write files in the folder, of a program have permissions different than the permission of user. BTW, is there a way to hide the folders without changing the names?

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• Can't start mysql - mysql respawning too fast, stopped

  - by Tom

  Today I did a fresh install of ubuntu 12.04 and went about setting up my local development environment. I installed mysql and edited /etc/mysql/my.cnf to optimise InnoDB but when I try to restart mysql, it fails with a error: [20:53][tom@Pochama:/var/www/website] (master) $ sudo service mysql restart start: Job failed to start The syslog reveals there is a problem with the init script: > tail -f /var/log/syslog Apr 28 21:17:46 Pochama kernel: [11840.884524] type=1400 audit(1335644266.033:184): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=760 comm="apparmor_parser" Apr 28 21:17:47 Pochama kernel: [11842.603773] init: mysql main process (764) terminated with status 7 Apr 28 21:17:47 Pochama kernel: [11842.603841] init: mysql main process ended, respawning Apr 28 21:17:48 Pochama kernel: [11842.932462] init: mysql post-start process (765) terminated with status 1 Apr 28 21:17:48 Pochama kernel: [11842.950393] type=1400 audit(1335644268.101:185): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=811 comm="apparmor_parser" Apr 28 21:17:49 Pochama kernel: [11844.656598] init: mysql main process (815) terminated with status 7 Apr 28 21:17:49 Pochama kernel: [11844.656665] init: mysql main process ended, respawning Apr 28 21:17:50 Pochama kernel: [11845.004435] init: mysql post-start process (816) terminated with status 1 Apr 28 21:17:50 Pochama kernel: [11845.021777] type=1400 audit(1335644270.173:186): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=865 comm="apparmor_parser" Apr 28 21:17:51 Pochama kernel: [11846.721982] init: mysql main process (871) terminated with status 7 Apr 28 21:17:51 Pochama kernel: [11846.722001] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped Any ideas? Things I tried already: I googled and found a Ubuntu bug with apparmor (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mysql-5.5/+bug/970366), I changed apparmor from enforce mode to complain mode: sudo apt-get install apparmor-utils sudo aa-complain /usr/sbin/mysqld sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor reload but it didn't help. I still can't start mysql. I also thought the issue may be because the InnoDB logfiles were a different size than mysql was expecting. I removed the innodb log files before restarting using: sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile* /tmp. No luck though. Workaround: I re-installed 12.04, made sure not to touch /etc/mysql/my.cnf in any way. Mysql is working so I can get on with what I need to do. But I will need to edit it at some point - Hopefully I'll have figured out a solution, or this question will have been answered by that point...

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• FFmpeg Video Hosting for Linux and Windows Server

  - by Aditi

  FFmpeg hosting is a special type of web hosting where the host servers have video transcoding software loaded on them, which allows the automatic conversion of videos from one format to another. FFmpeg is a cross-platform solution for recording, converting, transcoding and stream audio and video. It includes libavcodec – the leading audio/video codec library. FFmpeg hosting gets its name from a set of server side programs (modules) called FFmpeg. There are a number of applications or web scripts available, which allow webmasters to create their own video sharing websites. Video hosting typically requires: PHP 4.3 and above (including support of CLI) Mencoder and also Mplayer FFMpeg-PHP MySQL database server LAME MP3 Encoder Libogg + Libvorbis GD Library 2 or higher CGI-BIN There are number of web service providers who provide FFmpeg hosting service. Following is a list of some of the Best FFmpeg hosting providers for both Linux and Windows Server below. Dream Host Dreamhost provides for web based email access, mail filtering, spam filtering, unlimited email ids, vacation autoresponder, python support, full CGI access and many more services. Price: $7.95 View Details Micfo It offers unlimited disk space and bandwidth. Other services include free domain for life and free Website Transfer with many more services. All in all one of the best option to consider. Price: $5 View Details Host Upon HostUpon offers FFMpeg Hosting on all their hosting packages, with readily installed modules to start a Video website or Social Network with Video uploading. These scripts such as Boonex Dolphin / PHPMotion / Social Engine / ABKsoft Scripts / Joomla Video Plugin / Clipshare / ClipBucket / Social Media / Rayzz / Vidi Script work with their ffmpeg. Their FFMPEG hosting plan offers 24/7/365 support with typical response time of 15min or less. Price: $5.95 View Details DownTown Host DownTown Host provides full and exceptional support by live chat and telephone. It has high-power, modern servers and the finest web server technology. It offers free search engine Submission and continuous data backup protection with free email forwarding and site move. There are many more services too. Site5 This ffmpeg service provider offers uptime guarantee, a real time stats on each server and many more attractive services. Price: $4.95 View Details Cirtex Hosting Cirtex Hosting allows to host 7 websites & domains and provides for unlimited storage space and monthly bandwidth. It also offers FTP and email accounts and many more services. Price: $2.49 View Details FLV Hosting FLV hosting supplies RTMP SERVER STREAMING for large size video streaming and server side recording. It is flexible and costs less. They customize to the clients requirements. Price: $9.95 View Details AptHost This hosting service provides for 24x7x365 Premium Support and fully ffmpeg enabled services. Price: $4.95 View Details HostMDS Great Support, Priced Low. It provides for SSH access, CGI, Ruby on Rails, Perl, PHP, MySQL, front page extentions, 24/7 Support, FREE Domain transfer and spam filtering. It offers instant account setup, low latency fast bandwidth & much more! They were formerly known as Vistapages. Price: $4.95 View Details Related posts:Best WordPress Video Themes for a Video Blog Free Web Based Applications 24+ Coda Alternatives for Windows and Linux

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• Installed Ubuntu 14.04LTS

  - by user291729

  On my laptop which came pre-installed with Windows 8.1. Felt I needed to see the competition for myself to establish which was a better OS. So I followed the channels to dual boot. All seemed fine and I accessed Ubuntu with no issues after selecting this from the menu to select the OS. I should add that the boot method was changed to legacy. However, since using Ubuntu, I no longer have the ability to select the OS. The laptop simply logs straight into Ubuntu. I therefore attempted to access the recovery options, only it appears the Windows 8 bootloader has somehow been corrupted as I am now told to use the Windows 8 recovery disc (which, as this was pre-installed - I do not have). Left with no other alternative, I have scoured these forums without success, and so I am hoping someone in the know (or who has experienced similar) can help. I have tried boot repair again without success. On rebooting I am only presented with a basic splash screen asking me to select Ubuntu, Memtest, Windows 8 Recovery or Windows 8 Bootloader (The bootloaders again require I insert the disc). I have tried Code: cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg df -h sudo fdisk -l cat /proc/partitions # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=800x600 load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=20 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=20 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-7A6A69D66A698FA5' { insmod part_gpt insmod ntfs set root='hd0,gpt2' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 7A6A69D66A698FA5 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7A6A69D66A698FA5 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-8C88-80F7' { insmod part_gpt insmod fat set root='hd0,gpt3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8C88-80F7 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8C88-80F7 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=800x600 load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=20 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=20 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-7A6A69D66A698FA5' { insmod part_gpt insmod ntfs set root='hd0,gpt2' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 7A6A69D66A698FA5 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7A6A69D66A698FA5 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-8C88-80F7' { insmod part_gpt insmod fat set root='hd0,gpt3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8C88-80F7 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8C88-80F7 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ ^C john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ ^C john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda9 84G 7.1G 73G 9% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 794M 1.4M 793M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G 80K 3.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sdc1 7.5G 2.2G 5.4G 29% /media/john/DYLANMUSIC /dev/sr0 964M 964M 0 100% /media/john/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS amd64 /dev/sdb1 1.9T 892G 972G 48% /media/john/Storage Main WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4e2ccf75 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdc: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes 41 heads, 41 sectors/track, 9307 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 8064 15646719 7819328 b W95 FAT32 Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc7d968ff Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 64 3907029119 1953514528 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT major minor #blocks name 8 0 976762584 sda 8 1 266240 sda1 8 2 1509376 sda2 8 3 266240 sda3 8 4 131072 sda4 8 5 841012780 sda5 8 6 358400 sda6 8 7 35376128 sda7 8 8 1024 sda8 8 9 89501696 sda9 8 10 8337408 sda10 11 0 987136 sr0 8 32 7823360 sdc 8 33 7819328 sdc1 8 16 1953514584 sdb 8 17 1953514528 sdb1 I am no expert on this and I'm at a loss as how to correct this without having to re-format everything and reinstall Windows 8. However, if I'm to try using Ubuntu again then there is the risk this problem may come back. Again, I did not do anything manually - the installer did everything (with the exception of changing the boot to Legacy to allow the booting of another bootloader). LiveCD works but doesn't give me the options that I've seen here and as mentioned earlier, only boot recovery only gives me the options as mentioned earlier. Also this fails to load via USB (possibly because HDD comes before USB in the boot order?). Being used to a Windows environment, the Ubuntu (and Linux) environment is a dive at a less than comfortable depth at present (but one I fully intend to get to grips with - especially the commands being more common via Terminal). I very much appreciate the help with this guys.

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• How do I prevent my filesystems from being mounted read-only after suspending?

  - by Chas. Owens

  I have Ubuntu 12.04 installed on an SDHC card (only one ext2 partition, no swap). When I suspend using pm-suspend, my root filesystem is mounted read-only. I am currently "fixing" this with the following file: /etc/pm/sleep.d/99_make_disk_rw: #!/bin/sh mount -o remount,rw / But the disk is marked as needing an fsck on reboot. How can I prevent the filesystem from being mounted read-only or whatever is going wrong here. Update: It looks like it is getting mounted read-only because an error occurred. I have changed the mount options for / in /etc/fstab to noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue and it no longer mounts the SDHC card as read-only after it resumes. So the problem is happening when it suspends, not when it resumes as I had thought. I checked /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-4/power/persist and it is set to 1. So the SDHC card shouldn't appear disconnected to the OS (or more accurately it should recover from the disconnection without error). Here seems to be the relevant section of the syslog Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246226] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Media Changed Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246234] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246243] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Unit Attention [current] Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246253] Info fld=0x0 Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246258] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Not ready to ready change, medium may have changed Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246271] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 5d 3e f0 00 00 08 00 Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.246291] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 6110960 Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit kernel: [ 748.247027] EXT2-fs (sdb1): error: ext2_fsync: detected IO error when writing metadata buffers Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit anacron[6954]: Anacron 2.3 started on 2012-09-10 Sep 10 10:34:23 iubit anacron[6954]: Normal exit (0 jobs run) Sep 10 10:34:24 iubit laptop-mode: Laptop mode Sep 10 10:34:24 iubit laptop-mode: enabled, not active Sep 10 10:34:24 iubit kernel: [ 749.055376] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present Sep 10 10:34:24 iubit kernel: [ 749.055387] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Sep 10 10:34:25 iubit anacron[7555]: Anacron 2.3 started on 2012-09-10 Sep 10 10:34:25 iubit anacron[7555]: Normal exit (0 jobs run) Sep 10 10:34:31 iubit kernel: [ 756.090861] EXT2-fs (sdb1): previous I/O error to superblock detected

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• Minimum percentage of free physical memory that Linux require for optimal performance

  - by csoto

  Recently, we have been getting questions about this percentage of free physical memory that OS require for optimal performance, mainly applicable to physical compute nodes. Under normal conditions you may see that at the nodes without any application running the OS take (for example) between 24 and 25 GB of memory. The Linux system reports the free memory in a different way, and most of those 25gbs (of the example) are available for user processes. IE: Mem: 99191652k total, 23785732k used, 75405920k free, 173320k buffers The MOS Doc Id. 233753.1 - "Analyzing Data Provided by '/proc/meminfo'" - explains it (section 4 - "Final Remarks"): Free Memory and Used Memory Estimating the resource usage, especially the memory consumption of processes is by far more complicated than it looks like at a first glance. The philosophy is an unused resource is a wasted resource.The kernel therefore will use as much RAM as it can to cache information from your local and remote filesystems/disks. This builds up over time as reads and writes are done on the system trying to keep the data stored in RAM as relevant as possible to the processes that have been running on your system. If there is free RAM available, more caching will be performed and thus more memory 'consumed'. However this doesn't really count as resource usage, since this cached memory is available in case some other process needs it. The cache is reclaimed, not at the time of process exit (you might start up another process soon that needs the same data), but upon demand. That said, focusing more specifically on the percentage question, apart from this memory that OS takes, how much should be the minimum free memory that must be available every node so that they operate normally? The answer is: As a rule of thumb 80% memory utilization is a good threshold, anything bigger than that should be investigated and remedied.

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• My feenix nascita mouse isn't moving my cursor. Ubuntu version appears to not matter. How do I debug this, and get the mouse working?

  - by NullVoxPopuli

  I had 13.04, upgraded to 13.10, and did a fresh install of 13.10, no luck. Any ideas? Just tail -f'd my syslog and plugged in the mouse. here is what I got: Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.618365] usb 1-1.5.2: new full-speed USB device number 6 using ehci-pci Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.718913] usb 1-1.5.2: New USB device found, idVendor=04d9, idProduct=a081 Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.718919] usb 1-1.5.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.718921] usb 1-1.5.2: Product: USB Gaming Mouse Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.718924] usb 1-1.5.2: Manufacturer: Holtek Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.722486] input: Holtek USB Gaming Mouse as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.5/1-1.5.2/1-1.5.2:1.0/input/input13 Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.722786] hid-generic 0003:04D9:A081.0004: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [Holtek USB Gaming Mouse] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.5.2/input0 Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.729362] hid-generic 0003:04D9:A081.0005: usage index exceeded Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.729366] hid-generic 0003:04D9:A081.0005: item 0 2 2 2 parsing failed Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.729379] hid-generic: probe of 0003:04D9:A081.0005 failed with error -22 Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia kernel: [83369.731759] hid-generic 0003:04D9:A081.0006: hiddev0,hidraw4: USB HID v1.10 Device [Holtek USB Gaming Mouse] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.5.2/input2 Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 6: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.5/1-1.5.2" Oct 26 16:15:50 Orithyia mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 6 was not an MTP device So, I see it did see it is a mouse... but the cursor doesn't move when I move the mouse. Not sure where to debug from here.

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