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• Tomato OS: "memory exhausted" running vi .... how to solve?

  - by Sam Jones

  I have set up tomato (shibby) on an asus RT-N66U router. It works great. I loaded up a few pieces, like transmission and optware. I can run vi, but when I run vi it fails with a "memory exhausted" error, and the terminal session hangs. For reference: If I simply start "vi" it runs fine. But if I specify vi I get the memory exhausted error, even if the file I am opening is just a couple of hundred bytes in size (like fstab). I discovered that my swap partition was not properly set up, so I did that. The swapon command now indicates I really do have a swap: [root@MyRouter samba]$ swapon -s Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda1 partition 32900860 0 1 How can I get vi to work? Thanks! System setup reference information: asus RT-N66U router 2TB usb hard drive partitions on hard drive: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398839808 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30400 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 4096 = 65802240 bytes Disk identifier: 0xfacbc8ab Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 512 32900868 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 513 29000 1830638880 83 Linux running samba memory: $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 255840 kB MemFree: 210980 kB Buffers: 5264 kB Cached: 22768 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20272 kB Inactive: 11448 kB HighTotal: 131072 kB HighFree: 99868 kB LowTotal: 124768 kB LowFree: 111112 kB SwapTotal: 32900860 kB SwapFree: 32900860 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB TIA!

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• mysqld causes high CPU load

  - by Radu

  My mysqld goes to use 99.9% of CPU for variable time (between 2 - 20 minutes), and then goes back to normal 0.1% - 5%. Checked processlist: all is normal, 1 to 20 inserts or updates that last 2 to 5 sec, and about 20 process that are in Sleep Mode (maybe because the scripts don't close the mysql connection, but are they are closed in about 5 - 10 secs, I didn't make the scripts :P but the server was running fine the last 2 years, since is was made): | 15375 | root | localhost | stoc | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist | | 79480 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Sleep | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 79481 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Sleep | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 79482 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Sleep | 4 | NULL | NULL | | 79483 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Query | 0 | init | UPDATE acc SET InputOctets="0", OutputOctets="0", InputPackets="unknown", OutputPackets="User | | 79484 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Sleep | 5 | NULL | NULL | | 79485 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Sleep | 5 | NULL | NULL | | 79486 | pppoe | localhost | pppoe | Sleep | 5 | NULL | NULL Checked raid, seemns OK: [root@db2]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[0] sda1[1] 136448 blocks [4/4] [UUUU] md1 : active raid5 sdd2[3] sdc2[2] sdb2[0] sda2[1] 12023808 blocks level 5, 256k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] md3 : active raid5 sda4[1] sdd4[3] sdc4[2] sdb4[0] 203647488 blocks level 5, 256k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] md2 : active raid5 sda3[1] sdd3[3] sdc3[2] sdb3[0] 24024576 blocks level 5, 256k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> [root@db2]# top sees my mysqld cpu load, but nothing else seems to be wrong: [root@db2]# top top - 17:56:05 up 7 days, 3:55, 3 users, load average: 32.93, 24.72, 22.70 Tasks: 75 total, 4 running, 71 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 63.4% us, 36.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 0.0% id, 0.0% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% si, 0.0% st Mem: 1988824k total, 1304776k used, 684048k free, 99588k buffers Swap: 12023800k total, 0k used, 12023800k free, 951028k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 5754 mysql 19 0 236m 57m 5108 R 99.9 2.9 21:58.76 mysqld 1 root 16 0 7216 700 580 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.39 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 Repaired all mysql databases, reindexed raid ... I'm running out of ideeas ... Anyone has an ideea what can go wrong with this server ? Thank you

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• Ubuntu 9.10 Only Sees 244 MB RAM, while BIOS and Windows Sees 1.5 GB

  - by nicorellius

  I have 1.5 GB of RAM installed on an older Dell, Pentium 4. I just installed Ubuntu 9.1 and the system is only seeing 244 MB of RAM, even though there is 1.5 GB on the system. The BIOS sees all of it. I ran a Knoppix disc and it only saw 25 MB upon booting. I made no particular changes to the installation taht would affect this. I looked through the BIOS and the only setting I could see was the AGP aperture. Not even sure what this is. Anyone know where I went wrong? I also tried moving the memory modules around on the board. Booted with the 1 GB stick, still saw 244 MB. NOTE - This same system, except for the hard drive, had Windows XP running on it. The user who ran it said that the RAM was good and always showed 1.5 GB. Here is sudo cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 250064 kB MemFree: 3832 kB Buffers: 13356 kB Cached: 52216 kB SwapCached: 19676 kB Active: 91504 kB Inactive: 113884 kB Active(anon): 60572 kB Inactive(anon): 82156 kB Active(file): 30932 kB Inactive(file): 31728 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 0 kB HighFree: 0 kB LowTotal: 250064 kB LowFree: 3832 kB SwapTotal: 4883720 kB SwapFree: 4781204 kB Dirty: 496 kB Writeback: 720 kB AnonPages: 123796 kB Mapped: 23368 kB Slab: 17248 kB SReclaimable: 7932 kB SUnreclaim: 9316 kB PageTables: 5304 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 5008752 kB Committed_AS: 740372 kB VmallocTotal: 770600 kB VmallocUsed: 26008 kB VmallocChunk: 662544 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 114128 kB DirectMap4M: 147456 kB

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• Apache Consuming Resources

  - by Chris Edwards

  Our web server suddenly has been giving us load issues. After I restart Apache the load stays low for a few hours up to a day or so then its back up to around 3.0 until I restart Apache again. Any suggestions on tracking down what is causing this? Thanks! Chris Edwards top - 20:15:05 up 19 days, 10:59, 1 user, load average: 2.11, 2.17, 2.47 Tasks: 532 total, 6 running, 525 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 11.5%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 88.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32842656k total, 13185872k used, 19656784k free, 6143740k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 0k used, 1048568k free, 3515252k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 19089 apache 20 0 1912m 1.5g 6584 R 99.6 4.9 71:01.53 /usr/sbin/httpd 21136 apache 20 0 392m 55m 5736 R 95.0 0.2 0:03.45 /usr/sbin/httpd 21139 apache 20 0 374m 38m 5808 S 40.5 0.1 0:04.91 /usr/sbin/httpd 21124 apache 20 0 389m 51m 5948 R 38.9 0.2 0:03.15 /usr/sbin/httpd 21111 apache 20 0 371m 35m 5964 S 18.8 0.1 0:01.22 /usr/sbin/httpd 21127 apache 20 0 375m 39m 5832 S 17.8 0.1 0:01.66 /usr/sbin/httpd 21128 apache 20 0 374m 38m 5792 S 16.2 0.1 0:01.56 /usr/sbin/httpd 21110 apache 20 0 374m 38m 5848 S 15.9 0.1 0:01.02 /usr/sbin/httpd 21113 apache 20 0 374m 38m 5836 S 15.9 0.1 0:02.16 /usr/sbin/httpd 21077 apache 20 0 379m 43m 6408 S 11.0 0.1 0:07.22 /usr/sbin/httpd 21101 apache 20 0 384m 49m 6988 R 5.8 0.2 0:04.47 /usr/sbin/httpd 21112 apache 20 0 374m 38m 5956 R 2.6 0.1 0:01.61 /usr/sbin/httpd

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• saslauthd using too much memory

  - by Brian Armstrong

  Woke up today to see my site slow/unresponsive. Pulled up top and it looks like a ton of saslauthd processes have spun up using about 64m of RAM each, causing the machine to enter swap space. I've never seen this many used on there. top - 16:54:13 up 85 days, 11:48, 1 user, load average: 0.32, 0.50, 0.38 Tasks: 143 total, 1 running, 142 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.7%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.3%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 1.4%st Mem: 1048796k total, 1025904k used, 22892k free, 14032k buffers Swap: 2097144k total, 332460k used, 1764684k free, 194348k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 848 admin 20 0 263m 115m 4840 S 0 11.3 5:02.91 ruby 906 admin 20 0 265m 113m 4828 S 0 11.1 5:37.24 ruby 30484 admin 20 0 248m 91m 4256 S 6 9.0 219:02.30 delayed_job 4075 root 20 0 160m 65m 952 S 0 6.4 0:24.22 saslauthd 4080 root 20 0 162m 64m 936 S 0 6.3 0:24.48 saslauthd 4079 root 20 0 162m 64m 936 S 0 6.3 0:24.70 saslauthd 4078 root 20 0 164m 63m 936 S 0 6.2 0:24.66 saslauthd 4077 root 20 0 163m 62m 936 S 0 6.1 0:24.66 saslauthd 3718 mysql 20 0 312m 52m 3588 S 1 5.1 3499:40 mysqld 699 root 20 0 72744 7640 2164 S 0 0.7 0:00.50 ruby 15701 postfix 20 0 106m 5712 4164 S 1 0.5 0:00.50 smtpd 15702 postfix 20 0 52444 3252 2452 S 1 0.3 0:00.06 cleanup 4062 postfix 20 0 41884 3104 1788 S 0 0.3 125:26.01 qmgr 15683 root 20 0 51504 2780 2180 S 0 0.3 0:00.04 sshd 14595 postfix 20 0 52308 2548 2304 S 1 0.2 0:24.60 proxymap 15483 postfix 20 0 43380 2544 1992 S 0 0.2 0:00.38 smtp 15486 postfix 20 0 43380 2544 1992 S 0 0.2 0:00.36 smtp 15488 postfix 20 0 43380 2540 1992 S 0 0.2 0:00.38 smtp 15485 postfix 20 0 43380 2532 1984 S 0 0.2 0:00.36 smtp 15489 postfix 20 0 43380 2532 1984 S 0 0.2 0:00.40 smtp Wasn't sure what Saslauthd is, Google says it handles plantext authentication. The machine has been sending a lot of email through postfix, so this could be related. Anyone know why so many may have spun up? Are they safe to kill? Thanks!

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• High load without explanation

  - by Sebastian

  I have a very high load on my machine and don't know what is responsible or how to find out. On the machine runs a jboss appserver and mysql. Here is a top from the user at peak time: top - 16:23:01 up 101 days, 6:50, 1 user, load average: 23.42, 21.53, 24.73 Tasks: 9 total, 1 running, 8 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 17.2%us, 1.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.4%id, 0.1%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.7%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16440784k total, 16263720k used, 177064k free, 151916k buffers Swap: 16780872k total, 30428k used, 16750444k free, 8963648k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 27344 b 40 0 16.0g 6.5g 14m S 169 41.7 1184:09 java 6047 b 40 0 11484 1232 1228 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 mysqld_safe 6192 b 40 0 604m 182m 4696 S 0 1.1 93:30.40 mysqld 7948 b 40 0 84036 1968 1176 S 0 0.0 0:00.07 sshd 7949 b 40 0 14004 2900 1608 S 0 0.0 0:00.03 bash 7975 b 40 0 8604 1044 840 S 0 0.0 0:00.44 top The CPU usage of the java process is normal. The peaks only show up when i deployed a certain web application. Could the resulting network traffic boost the load in such way that i don't see it in top?

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• Nice level not working on linux

  - by xioxox

  I have some highly floating point intensive processes doing very little I/O. One is called "xspec", which calculates a numerical model and returns a floating point result back to a master process every second (via stdout). It is niced at the 19 level. I have another simple process "cpufloattest" which just does numerical computations in a tight loop. It is not niced. I have a 4-core i7 system with hyperthreading disabled. I have started 4 of each type of process. Why is the Linux scheduler (Linux 3.4.2) not properly limiting the CPU time taken up by the niced processes? Cpu(s): 56.2%us, 1.0%sy, 41.8%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.9%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 12297620k total, 12147472k used, 150148k free, 831564k buffers Swap: 2104508k total, 71172k used, 2033336k free, 4753956k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 32399 jss 20 0 44728 32m 772 R 62.7 0.3 4:17.93 cpufloattest 32400 jss 20 0 44728 32m 744 R 53.1 0.3 4:14.17 cpufloattest 32402 jss 20 0 44728 32m 744 R 51.1 0.3 4:14.09 cpufloattest 32398 jss 20 0 44728 32m 744 R 48.8 0.3 4:15.44 cpufloattest 3989 jss 39 19 1725m 690m 7744 R 44.1 5.8 1459:59 xspec 3981 jss 39 19 1725m 689m 7744 R 42.1 5.7 1459:34 xspec 3985 jss 39 19 1725m 689m 7744 R 42.1 5.7 1460:51 xspec 3993 jss 39 19 1725m 691m 7744 R 38.8 5.8 1458:24 xspec The scheduler does what I expect if I start 8 of the cpufloattest processes, with 4 of them niced (i.e. 4 with most of the CPU, and 4 with very little)

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• Where is my CPU usage going?

  - by Josh

  My Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid virtual machine is saying it's at 100% CPU usage... but all I'm running is Thunderbird. According to top, CPU usage should be ~25.9%... How do I interpret this conflicting output from top? top - 13:55:26 up 3:35, 4 users, load average: 3.03, 2.59, 2.48 Tasks: 178 total, 1 running, 177 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 16.0%us, 79.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 1.3%hi, 3.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 509364k total, 479108k used, 30256k free, 3092k buffers Swap: 2096440k total, 58380k used, 2038060k free, 225116k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 7708 jnet 20 0 480m 109m 17m S 18.4 22.1 21:59.14 thunderbird-bin 4615 jnet 20 0 5488 1268 1040 S 2.3 0.2 5:00.03 nx-rootless-ses 7124 jnet 20 0 56688 27m 4812 S 2.0 5.5 6:35.09 nxagent 6724 nx 20 0 9628 1400 636 S 1.6 0.3 3:26.59 sshd 30106 root 20 0 2544 1236 908 R 0.7 0.2 0:00.33 top 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:22.45 ata/0 38 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:05.53 scsi_eh_1 345 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:04.72 kjournald 1719 root 20 0 3260 1192 944 S 0.3 0.2 0:17.36 vmware-guestd 1 root 20 0 2804 1356 940 S 0.0 0.3 0:01.99 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 ... Specifically I'm referring to the fact that the CPU usage totals show 0% idle time: Cpu(s): 16.0%us, 79.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 1.3%hi, 3.0%si, 0.0%st Yet when adding up the percentages in the %CPU column I get 25.9%, not 100%!

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• Throughput; capacity planning help for C10K like design

  - by z8000

  I am designing a network service in which clients connect and stay connected -- the model is not far off from IRC less the s2s connections. I could use some help understanding how to do capacity planning, in particular with the system resource costs associated with handling messages from/to clients. There's an article that tried to get 1 million clients connected to the same server [1]. Of course, most of these clients were completely idle in the test. If the clients sent a message every 5 seconds or so the system would surely be brought to its knees. But... How do you do less hand-waving and you know, measure such a breaking point? We're talking about messages being sent by a client over a TCP socket, into the kernel, and read by an application. The data is shuffled around in memory from one buffer to another. Do I need to consider memory throughput ("5 GT/s" [2], etc.)? I'm pretty sure I have the ability to measure the basic memory requirements due to TCP/IP buffers, expected bandwidth, and CPU resources required to process messages. I'm a little dim on what I'm calling "thoughput". Help! Also, does anyone really do this? Or, do most people sort of hand-wave and see what the real world offers, and then react appropriately? [1] http://www.metabrew.com/article/a-million-user-comet-application-with-mochiweb-part-3/ [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GT/s

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• Abnormally high amount of Transmit discards reported by Solarwinds for multiple switches

  - by Jared

  I have several 3750X Cisco switches that, according to our Solarwinds NPM, are producing billions of transmit discards per day. I'm not sure why it's reporting these discards. Many of the ports on the 3750X's have 2960's connected to them and are hardcoded as trunk ports. Solarwinds NPM version 10.3 Cisco IOS version 12.2(58)SE2 Total output drops: 29139431: GigabitEthernet1/0/43 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is XXXX (bia XXXX) Description: XXXX MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:47, output 00:00:50, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 1w4d Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 29139431 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 35000 bits/sec, 56 packets/sec 51376 packets input, 9967594 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 51376 broadcasts (51376 multicasts) 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog, 51376 multicast, 0 pause input 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 115672302 packets output, 8673778028 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 unknown protocol drops 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out sh controllers gigabitEthernet 1/0/43 utilization: Receive Bandwidth Percentage Utilization : 0 Transmit Bandwidth Percentage Utilization : 0

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• centos TCP/IP connection very slow

  - by yuli chika

  I have a VSP (centos6.1 64bit) with 4gb ram. It always runs well, but in recent few days, the server become slowly. open a small css file need 22 seconds(2kb). tested in home/office/phone with (IE,chrome,safari,firefox). see in firebug networking DNS Lookup ?4?ms Connecting ?21.18?s Sending 1?ms Waiting ?115?ms Receiving ?9?ms The connection cost 21.18 seconds I have checked all the log file, there have no error. top commond, still have free memory. top - 00:23:15 up 8 days, 3:57, 1 user, load average: 3.60, 3.42, 3.83 Tasks: 221 total, 4 running, 217 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 19.3%us, 3.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.1%id, 1.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4194304k total, 3247724k used, 946580k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 32357 mysql 15 0 3710m 835m 6268 S 34.5 20.4 39:14.40 mysqld 9780 apache 15 0 442m 59m 12m S 33.2 1.4 0:05.69 httpd 9842 apache 15 0 403m 26m 10m S 16.9 0.7 0:01.23 httpd 9847 apache 15 0 412m 45m 22m R 15.3 1.1 0:01.00 httpd 9834 apache 15 0 426m 46m 11m R 13.0 1.1 0:02.22 httpd 9891 apache 15 0 407m 43m 19m S 8.0 1.1 0:00.33 httpd 9845 apache 15 0 414m 51m 24m S 6.0 1.3 0:01.53 httpd 9827 apache 15 0 402m 28m 11m S 3.3 0.7 0:02.69 httpd 9768 apache 16 0 414m 51m 24m S 3.0 1.3 0:06.51 httpd 9889 root 15 0 211m 12m 8160 S 2.7 0.3 0:00.32 php 9702 apache 15 0 415m 55m 26m S 1.7 1.4 0:10.67 httpd 9844 apache 15 0 413m 47m 21m S 1.7 1.2 0:01.21 httpd 9697 apache 15 0 414m 51m 24m S 1.3 1.3 0:11.05 httpd 9778 apache 15 0 414m 53m 25m S 1.3 1.3 0:05.38 httpd 9772 apache 15 0 414m 51m 23m R 0.7 1.3 0:05.04 httpd 9823 apache 15 0 415m 50m 23m S 0.7 1.2 0:03.97 httpd 9837 apache 15 0 402m 27m 11m S 0.3 0.7 0:01.04 httpd Then, how to check where is the problem and fixed it? I haven't change and config files in these days. Thanks.

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• FreeBSD 8.1 unstable network connection

  - by frankcheong

  I have three FreeBSD 8.1 running on three different hardware and therefore consist of different network adapter as well (bce, bge and igb). I found that the network connection is kind of unstable which I have tried to scp some 10MB file and found that I cannot always get the files completed successfully. I have further checked with my network admin and he claim that the problem is being caused by the network driver which cannot support the load whereby he tried to ping using huge packet size (around 15k) and my server will drop packet consistently at a regular interval. I found that this statement may not be valid since the three server is using three different network drive and it would be quite impossible that the same problem is being caused by three different network adapter and thus different network driver. Since then I have tried to tune up the performance by playing around with the /etc/sysctl.conf figures with no luck. kern.ipc.somaxconn=1024 kern.ipc.shmall=3276800 kern.ipc.shmmax=1638400000 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # Required by pf net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #Network Performance Tuning kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216 net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216 # Setting specifically for 1 or even 10Gbps network net.local.stream.sendspace=262144 net.local.stream.recvspace=262144 net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=10 net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 net.inet.tcp.mssdflt=1460 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=16384 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=524288 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=262144 net.inet.tcp.recvspace=262144 net.inet.udp.recvspace=262144 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216 kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=1 net.inet.tcp.delacktime=100 net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=179 net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=1 net.inet.tcp.inflight.min=6144 # Reduce the cache size of slow start connection net.inet.tcp.hostcache.expire=1 Our network admin also claim that they see quite a lot of network up and down from their cisco switch log while I cannot find any up down message inside the dmesg. Have further checked the netstat -s but dont have concrete idea. tcp: 133695291 packets sent 39408539 data packets (3358837321 bytes) 61868 data packets (89472844 bytes) retransmitted 24 data packets unnecessarily retransmitted 0 resends initiated by MTU discovery 50756141 ack-only packets (2148 delayed) 0 URG only packets 0 window probe packets 4372385 window update packets 39781869 control packets 134898031 packets received 72339403 acks (for 3357601899 bytes) 190712 duplicate acks 0 acks for unsent data 59339201 packets (3647021974 bytes) received in-sequence 114 completely duplicate packets (135202 bytes) 27 old duplicate packets 0 packets with some dup. data (0 bytes duped) 42090 out-of-order packets (60817889 bytes) 0 packets (0 bytes) of data after window 0 window probes 3953896 window update packets 64181 packets received after close 0 discarded for bad checksums 0 discarded for bad header offset fields 0 discarded because packet too short 45192 discarded due to memory problems 19945391 connection requests 1323420 connection accepts 0 bad connection attempts 0 listen queue overflows 0 ignored RSTs in the windows 21133581 connections established (including accepts) 21268724 connections closed (including 32737 drops) 207874 connections updated cached RTT on close 207874 connections updated cached RTT variance on close 132439 connections updated cached ssthresh on close 42392 embryonic connections dropped 72339338 segments updated rtt (of 69477829 attempts) 390871 retransmit timeouts 0 connections dropped by rexmit timeout 0 persist timeouts 0 connections dropped by persist timeout 0 Connections (fin_wait_2) dropped because of timeout 13990 keepalive timeouts 2 keepalive probes sent 13988 connections dropped by keepalive 173044 correct ACK header predictions 36947371 correct data packet header predictions 1323420 syncache entries added 0 retransmitted 0 dupsyn 0 dropped 1323420 completed 0 bucket overflow 0 cache overflow 0 reset 0 stale 0 aborted 0 badack 0 unreach 0 zone failures 1323420 cookies sent 0 cookies received 1864 SACK recovery episodes 18005 segment rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 26066896 byte rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 147327 SACK options (SACK blocks) received 87473 SACK options (SACK blocks) sent 0 SACK scoreboard overflow 0 packets with ECN CE bit set 0 packets with ECN ECT(0) bit set 0 packets with ECN ECT(1) bit set 0 successful ECN handshakes 0 times ECN reduced the congestion window udp: 5141258 datagrams received 0 with incomplete header 0 with bad data length field 0 with bad checksum 1 with no checksum 0 dropped due to no socket 129616 broadcast/multicast datagrams undelivered 0 dropped due to full socket buffers 0 not for hashed pcb 5011642 delivered 5016050 datagrams output 0 times multicast source filter matched sctp: 0 input packets 0 datagrams 0 packets that had data 0 input SACK chunks 0 input DATA chunks 0 duplicate DATA chunks 0 input HB chunks 0 HB-ACK chunks 0 input ECNE chunks 0 input AUTH chunks 0 chunks missing AUTH 0 invalid HMAC ids received 0 invalid secret ids received 0 auth failed 0 fast path receives all one chunk 0 fast path multi-part data 0 output packets 0 output SACKs 0 output DATA chunks 0 retransmitted DATA chunks 0 fast retransmitted DATA chunks 0 FR's that happened more than once to same chunk 0 intput HB chunks 0 output ECNE chunks 0 output AUTH chunks 0 ip_output error counter Packet drop statistics: 0 from middle box 0 from end host 0 with data 0 non-data, non-endhost 0 non-endhost, bandwidth rep only 0 not enough for chunk header 0 not enough data to confirm 0 where process_chunk_drop said break 0 failed to find TSN 0 attempt reverse TSN lookup 0 e-host confirms zero-rwnd 0 midbox confirms no space 0 data did not match TSN 0 TSN's marked for Fast Retran Timeouts: 0 iterator timers fired 0 T3 data time outs 0 window probe (T3) timers fired 0 INIT timers fired 0 sack timers fired 0 shutdown timers fired 0 heartbeat timers fired 0 a cookie timeout fired 0 an endpoint changed its cookiesecret 0 PMTU timers fired 0 shutdown ack timers fired 0 shutdown guard timers fired 0 stream reset timers fired 0 early FR timers fired 0 an asconf timer fired 0 auto close timer fired 0 asoc free timers expired 0 inp free timers expired 0 packet shorter than header 0 checksum error 0 no endpoint for port 0 bad v-tag 0 bad SID 0 no memory 0 number of multiple FR in a RTT window 0 RFC813 allowed sending 0 RFC813 does not allow sending 0 times max burst prohibited sending 0 look ahead tells us no memory in interface 0 numbers of window probes sent 0 times an output error to clamp down on next user send 0 times sctp_senderrors were caused from a user 0 number of in data drops due to chunk limit reached 0 number of in data drops due to rwnd limit reached 0 times a ECN reduced the cwnd 0 used express lookup via vtag 0 collision in express lookup 0 times the sender ran dry of user data on primary 0 same for above 0 sacks the slow way 0 window update only sacks sent 0 sends with sinfo_flags !=0 0 unordered sends 0 sends with EOF flag set 0 sends with ABORT flag set 0 times protocol drain called 0 times we did a protocol drain 0 times recv was called with peek 0 cached chunks used 0 cached stream oq's used 0 unread messages abandonded by close 0 send burst avoidance, already max burst inflight to net 0 send cwnd full avoidance, already max burst inflight to net 0 number of map array over-runs via fwd-tsn's ip: 137814085 total packets received 0 bad header checksums 0 with size smaller than minimum 0 with data size < data length 0 with ip length > max ip packet size 0 with header length < data size 0 with data length < header length 0 with bad options 0 with incorrect version number 1200 fragments received 0 fragments dropped (dup or out of space) 0 fragments dropped after timeout 300 packets reassembled ok 137813009 packets for this host 530 packets for unknown/unsupported protocol 0 packets forwarded (0 packets fast forwarded) 61 packets not forwardable 0 packets received for unknown multicast group 0 redirects sent 137234598 packets sent from this host 0 packets sent with fabricated ip header 685307 output packets dropped due to no bufs, etc. 52 output packets discarded due to no route 300 output datagrams fragmented 1200 fragments created 0 datagrams that can't be fragmented 0 tunneling packets that can't find gif 0 datagrams with bad address in header icmp: 0 calls to icmp_error 0 errors not generated in response to an icmp message Output histogram: echo reply: 305 0 messages with bad code fields 0 messages less than the minimum length 0 messages with bad checksum 0 messages with bad length 0 multicast echo requests ignored 0 multicast timestamp requests ignored Input histogram: destination unreachable: 530 echo: 305 305 message responses generated 0 invalid return addresses 0 no return routes ICMP address mask responses are disabled igmp: 0 messages received 0 messages received with too few bytes 0 messages received with wrong TTL 0 messages received with bad checksum 0 V1/V2 membership queries received 0 V3 membership queries received 0 membership queries received with invalid field(s) 0 general queries received 0 group queries received 0 group-source queries received 0 group-source queries dropped 0 membership reports received 0 membership reports received with invalid field(s) 0 membership reports received for groups to which we belong 0 V3 reports received without Router Alert 0 membership reports sent arp: 376748 ARP requests sent 3207 ARP replies sent 245245 ARP requests received 80845 ARP replies received 326090 ARP packets received 267712 total packets dropped due to no ARP entry 108876 ARP entrys timed out 0 Duplicate IPs seen ip6: 2226633 total packets received 0 with size smaller than minimum 0 with data size < data length 0 with bad options 0 with incorrect version number 0 fragments received 0 fragments dropped (dup or out of space) 0 fragments dropped after timeout 0 fragments that exceeded limit 0 packets reassembled ok 2226633 packets for this host 0 packets forwarded 0 packets not forwardable 0 redirects sent 2226633 packets sent from this host 0 packets sent with fabricated ip header 0 output packets dropped due to no bufs, etc. 8 output packets discarded due to no route 0 output datagrams fragmented 0 fragments created 0 datagrams that can't be fragmented 0 packets that violated scope rules 0 multicast packets which we don't join Input histogram: UDP: 2226633 Mbuf statistics: 962679 one mbuf 1263954 one ext mbuf 0 two or more ext mbuf 0 packets whose headers are not continuous 0 tunneling packets that can't find gif 0 packets discarded because of too many headers 0 failures of source address selection Source addresses selection rule applied: icmp6: 0 calls to icmp6_error 0 errors not generated in response to an icmp6 message 0 errors not generated because of rate limitation 0 messages with bad code fields 0 messages < minimum length 0 bad checksums 0 messages with bad length Histogram of error messages to be generated: 0 no route 0 administratively prohibited 0 beyond scope 0 address unreachable 0 port unreachable 0 packet too big 0 time exceed transit 0 time exceed reassembly 0 erroneous header field 0 unrecognized next header 0 unrecognized option 0 redirect 0 unknown 0 message responses generated 0 messages with too many ND options 0 messages with bad ND options 0 bad neighbor solicitation messages 0 bad neighbor advertisement messages 0 bad router solicitation messages 0 bad router advertisement messages 0 bad redirect messages 0 path MTU changes rip6: 0 messages received 0 checksum calculations on inbound 0 messages with bad checksum 0 messages dropped due to no socket 0 multicast messages dropped due to no socket 0 messages dropped due to full socket buffers 0 delivered 0 datagrams output netstat -m 516/5124/5640 mbufs in use (current/cache/total) 512/1634/2146/32768 mbuf clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 512/1536 mbuf+clusters out of packet secondary zone in use (current/cache) 0/1303/1303/12800 4k (page size) jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 0/0/0/6400 9k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 0/0/0/3200 16k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 1153K/9761K/10914K bytes allocated to network (current/cache/total) 0/0/0 requests for mbufs denied (mbufs/clusters/mbuf+clusters) 0/0/0 requests for jumbo clusters denied (4k/9k/16k) 0/8/6656 sfbufs in use (current/peak/max) 0 requests for sfbufs denied 0 requests for sfbufs delayed 0 requests for I/O initiated by sendfile 0 calls to protocol drain routines Anyone got an idea what might be the possible cause?

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• Git fails to push with error 'out of memory'

  - by jwir3

  I'm using gitosis on a server that has a low amount of memory, specifically around 512 MB. When I try to push a large folder (happens to be a backup from an android phone), I get: me@corellia:~/Configs/$ git push origin master Counting objects: 18, done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (14/14), done. fatal: Out of memory, malloc failed MiB | 685 KiB/s error: pack-objects died of signal 13 error: failed to push some refs to 'git@dagobah:Configs' I've been searching the web, and notably found: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg01747.html as well as http://git.661346.n2.nabble.com/Out-of-memory-error-during-git-push-td5443705.html but these don't seem to help me for two reasons: 1) I am not actually out of memory when I push. When I run 'top' during the push, I get: 24262 git 18 0 16204 6084 1096 S 2 1.2 0:00.12 git-unpack-obje Also, during the push if I run /head/meminfo, I get: MemTotal: 524288 kB MemFree: 289408 kB Buffers: 0 kB Cached: 0 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 0 kB Inactive: 0 kB HighTotal: 0 kB HighFree: 0 kB LowTotal: 524288 kB So, it seems that I have enough memory free, but it's actually still failing, and I'm not enough of a git guru to figure out what is happening. I would appreciate it if someone could give me a hand here and tell me what could be causing this problem, and what I can do to solve it. Thanks! EDIT: The output of running the ulimit -a command: scottj@dagobah:~$ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 204800 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 32 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 204800 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited

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• Opening an existing process

  - by Grasper

  I am using Eclipse in Linux through a remote connection (xrdp). My internet got disconnected, so I got disconnected from the server while eclipse was running. Now I logged in again, and I do the "top" command I can see that eclipse is running and still under my user name. Is there some way I can bring that process back into my view (I do not want to kill it because I am in the middle of checking in a large swath of code)? It doesnt show up on the bottom panel after I logged in again. Here is the "top" output: /home/mclouti% top top - 08:32:31 up 43 days, 13:06, 29 users, load average: 0.56, 0.79, 0.82 Tasks: 447 total, 1 running, 446 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.0%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 92.1%id, 1.1%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3107364k total, 2975852k used, 131512k free, 35756k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 59860k used, 1971748k free, 817816k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 13415 mclouti 15 0 964m 333m 31m S 21.2 11.0 83:12.96 eclipse 16040 mclouti 15 0 2608 1348 888 R 0.7 0.0 0:00.12 top 31395 mclouti 15 0 29072 20m 8524 S 0.7 0.7 611:08.08 Xvnc 2583 root 20 0 898m 2652 1056 S 0.3 0.1 139:26.82 automount 28990 postgres 15 0 13564 868 304 S 0.3 0.0 26:33.36 postgres 28995 postgres 16 0 13808 1248 300 S 0.3 0.0 6:54.95 postgres 31440 mclouti 15 0 3072 1592 1036 S 0.3 0.1 6:01.54 gam_server 1 root 15 0 2072 524 496 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.00 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.53 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.72 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.33 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 ksoftirqd/2

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• High apache load but zero traffic

  - by Adie

  I have a problem with new server.. I use VPS Centos with 1GB of ram and I use wordpress CMS. The traffic <100 visitor/hour, but the apache have high load and make the server hang with zero free of ram and can't connect through ssh. I should reboot the vps to make it works here is the load on Apache looks like Tasks: 66 total, 1 running, 65 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 12.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 48.1%id, 23.0%wa, 4.8%hi, 10.2%si, 0.0% Mem: 1018776k total, 116620k used, 902156k free, 1236k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 1013052k used, 35516k free, 26628k cached 2949 apache 20 0 459m 42m 3732 D 3.0 4.2 0:09.23 httpd 2959 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3744 D 2.0 3.0 0:02.72 httpd 2968 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3808 D 2.0 2.6 0:02.27 httpd 2972 apache 20 0 460m 24m 3784 D 2.0 2.5 0:02.44 httpd 2986 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3784 R 2.0 2.9 0:02.40 httpd 2969 apache 20 0 458m 29m 3864 D 1.6 3.0 0:02.63 httpd 2974 apache 20 0 460m 25m 3820 D 1.6 2.6 0:02.43 httpd 2990 apache 20 0 460m 23m 3920 D 1.6 2.4 0:02.36 httpd 2994 apache 20 0 460m 31m 3756 D 1.6 3.2 0:02.62 httpd 2956 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3740 D 1.3 2.7 0:02.73 httpd 2957 apache 20 0 465m 22m 3644 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.80 httpd 2967 apache 20 0 458m 24m 3764 D 1.3 2.5 0:02.60 httpd 2970 apache 20 0 463m 25m 3764 D 1.3 2.6 0:03.07 httpd 2971 apache 20 0 451m 22m 3792 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.47 httpd 2973 apache 20 0 458m 25m 3768 D 1.3 2.6 0:02.52 httpd 2987 apache 20 0 465m 20m 3772 D 1.3 2.1 0:03.02 httpd But sometimes the server have uptime more than 5-10hrs but after that the problems start

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• 0% CPU in top for all processes, but load average > 1

  - by chrisdew

  On two different servers (with Ubuntu 12.04LTS AMD64) I have seen the following behaviour: op - 10:50:05 up 305 days, 21:17, 1 user, load average: 1.94, 2.52, 2.97 Tasks: 141 total, 2 running, 139 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 41.5%us, 6.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 51.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8178432k total, 5753740k used, 2424692k free, 159480k buffers Swap: 15625208k total, 0k used, 15625208k free, 4905292k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 23928 2072 1216 S 0 0.0 0:56.42 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.23 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:39.82 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.99 migration/1 7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:32.15 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:11.67 migration/2 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 29:00.34 ksoftirqd/2 The server is working fine, but top shows all processes as using 0% CPU. A reboot fixed this on an earlier machine, but I haven't yet tried it on this one. I have tried top several times, and so am sure that I haven't accidentally pressed '<' or '' to sort by a different column. Sorting the process list by all of the available columns, stills shows 0% CPU for all displayed processes. What is going on? If this a kernel bug? Update: If I use top -p <PID> for a know, busy process, top still displays 0% CPU for that process.

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• Linux - real-world hardware RAID controller tuning (scsi and cciss)

  - by ewwhite

  Most of the Linux systems I manage feature hardware RAID controllers (mostly HP Smart Array). They're all running RHEL or CentOS. I'm looking for real-world tunables to help optimize performance for setups that incorporate hardware RAID controllers with SAS disks (Smart Array, Perc, LSI, etc.) and battery-backed or flash-backed cache. Assume RAID 1+0 and multiple spindles (4+ disks). I spend a considerable amount of time tuning Linux network settings for low-latency and financial trading applications. But many of those options are well-documented (changing send/receive buffers, modifying TCP window settings, etc.). What are engineers doing on the storage side? Historically, I've made changes to the I/O scheduling elevator, recently opting for the deadline and noop schedulers to improve performance within my applications. As RHEL versions have progressed, I've also noticed that the compiled-in defaults for SCSI and CCISS block devices have changed as well. This has had an impact on the recommended storage subsystem settings over time. However, it's been awhile since I've seen any clear recommendations. And I know that the OS defaults aren't optimal. For example, it seems that the default read-ahead buffer of 128kb is extremely small for a deployment on server-class hardware. The following articles explore the performance impact of changing read-ahead cache and nr_requests values on the block queues. http://zackreed.me/articles/54-hp-smart-array-p410-controller-tuning http://www.overclock.net/t/515068/tuning-a-hp-smart-array-p400-with-linux-why-tuning-really-matters http://yoshinorimatsunobu.blogspot.com/2009/04/linux-io-scheduler-queue-size-and.html For example, these are suggested changes for an HP Smart Array RAID controller: echo "noop" > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/scheduler blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/cciss/c0d0 echo 512 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/nr_requests echo 2048 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/read_ahead_kb What else can be reliably tuned to improve storage performance? I'm specifically looking for sysctl and sysfs options in production scenarios.

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• load average in top and procs in vmstat

  - by Mingfei.hua

  As far as I know, the load average in top is the numbers of precess(threads) in running or uninterrupted sleep status, So it should be equal to (procs-r +1 )+ procs-b in vmstat, but in practice, this two number always have big gap. Any wrongs in my understanding, appreciate so much if some guys give me some guide. top - 05:34:50 up 1 day, 20:56, 5 users, load average: 2.83, 2.67, 1.62 Tasks: 79 total, 1 running, 78 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.8%us, 1.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 91.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.4%st Mem: 1758000k total, 582636k used, 1175364k free, 103932k buffers Swap: 917500k total, 0k used, 917500k free, 180868k cached procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 1182524 103784 180860 0 0 1 9 6 53 7 2 91 0 0 0 0 0 1182524 103784 180860 0 0 0 36 70 117 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 1182516 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 73 132 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 1182516 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 60 127 0 0 100 0 0 1 0 0 1182516 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 62 102 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 1182628 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 289 238 1 2 97 0 0 2 0 0 1152160 103784 180892 0 0 0 8 1481 2371 54 12 34 0 0 1 0 0 1182192 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 681 834 19 4 78 0 0 0 0 0 1182200 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 80 147 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 1182200 103784 180860 0 0 0 0 53 107 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 1182208 103788 180856 0 0 0 72 64 123 0 0 100 1 0

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• Unexplained cache RAM drops on Linux machine

  - by FunkyChicken

  I run a CentOS 5.7 64 machine with 24gb ram and running kernel 2.6.18-274.12.1.el5. This machine runs only Nginx, php-fpm and Xcache as extra applications. Since about 3 weeks my memory behavior on this machine has changed and I cannot explain why. There are no crons running which flush anything like this. There are also no large numbers of files being deleted/changed during these drops. The 'cached' memory gets dropped about every few hours, but it's never a set gap between flushes, this indicates to me that some bottleneck gets reached instead. It also always seems to be when total memory usages gets to about 18GB, but again, not always exactly 18GB. This is a graph of my memory usage: As you can see in the graph the 'buffers' always stay more or less the same, it is mainly the 'cache' that gets dropped. Running vmstat -m I have outputted the memory usage just before and just after a memory drop. The output is here: http://pastebin.com/diff.php?i=hJqZqztm 'old version' being before, 'new version' being after a drop. About 3 weeks ago my server crashed during a heavy DDOS attack, after I rebooted the machine this odd behavior started. I have checked a bunch of logs, restarted the machine again, and cannot find any indication what changed. During these 'cache' memory drops, my iNode usage drops at the same time. Does anyone have any idea what might be causing this behavior? Clearly my RAM isn't full, so I am curious why this could be happening.

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• No clue for high load average on top

  - by Oz.

  We have several machines on Amazon (ec2) of the type c1.xlarge with 16 cpus, running the Amazon AMI. Details on the machine: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge One out of the several machines is showing a high load average, since we have run the last yum upgrade a couple of weeks a go. We did not yet update the other machines, and everything looks normal on them. The strange thing is that the top command not showing any hint for the cause of the load. CPUs are 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st(see below). Mem is about 1.5GB free. Any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? Many thanks for the help. # # top # top - 07:57:42 up 4:18, 1 user, load average: 1.36, 1.45, 1.47 Tasks: 131 total, 1 running, 130 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 7120092k total, 5644920k used, 1475172k free, 532888k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3463936k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1557 mysql 20 0 1829m 374m 6448 S 14.3 5.4 11:15.09 mysqld 6655 apache 20 0 416m 49m 3744 S 9.3 0.7 0:04.85 httpd 27683 apache 20 0 421m 54m 3708 S 9.0 0.8 0:00.99 httpd 6682 apache 20 0 424m 57m 3788 S 8.3 0.8 0:03.81 httpd 16816 apache 20 0 419m 51m 3760 S 4.3 0.7 0:04.09 httpd 22182 apache 20 0 417m 50m 3756 S 1.7 0.7 0:06.34 httpd 219 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.34 kworker/7:1 699 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.40 kworker/3:1 1 root 20 0 19376 1508 1212 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.71 ksoftirqd/0

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• Apache process consumes too much CPU

  - by Niro

  I have an ubuntu apache/php server running php doing appx 100 hits/sec and a PHP cron running in the background. I get occasionally high CPU load on one of the Apache processes which stays high regardless of traffic or cron activity. It seems to me that its stuck in some kind of loop or something. Below you will find the top and strace info. How can I find where the bad code is and what causes this? top - 14:45:24 up 3 days, 3:38, 1 user, load average: 5.10, 5.88, 5.85 Tasks: 163 total, 5 running, 158 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 47.8%us, 18.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 10.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.8%si, 21.6%st Mem: 7885012k total, 3858484k used, 4026528k free, 177444k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 1037868k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10736 www-data 20 0 769m 559m 478m R 69 7.3 29:08.30 apache2 10844 www-data 20 0 824m 601m 492m S 17 7.8 4:37.90 apache2 1016 root 20 0 242m 25m 4628 S 6 0.3 162:07.93 scalarizr 9030 www-data 20 0 879m 619m 492m S 4 8.0 5:06.82 apache2 20216 www-data 20 0 747m 228m 170m S 4 3.0 0:01.94 apache2 10807 www-data 20 0 814m 584m 492m S 3 7.6 4:54.10 apache2 10455 www-data 20 0 831m 574m 492m S 3 7.5 4:32.65 apache2 10495 www-data 20 0 849m 592m 492m S 3 7.7 4:41.10 apache2 10884 www-data 20 0 840m 581m 492m S 3 7.6 4:25.06 apache2 ^CProcess 10736 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 74.55 0.148052 1 109755 gettimeofday 25.36 0.050370 0 164634 clock_gettime 0.09 0.000178 0 54878 poll ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.198600 329267 total root@ec2-67-202-54-36:~# ^C

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• Kernel Memory Leak in Ubuntu 9.10?

  - by kayahr

  After some days of work (Using suspend-to-ram during the night) I notice I loose more and more available memory. Even when I close all applications the situation doesn't improve. I even went down to the command line and closed ALL running processes except the init process and the bash I'm working in. I unmounted all these ram disks which Ubuntu is using, I even unloaded all modules which could be unloaded. But still "free" tells me that 1 GB of RAM is used (without buffers/cache). In "top" there is no visible process which occupies all this memory. The only way to free the memory is restarting the machine. How can I find out where I lose all this memory? Is there a known "suspect" who can cause a problem like this? I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 64 bit on a Dell Latitude E6500 (4 GB RAM) with the latest closed-source nvidia driver and Gnome with Compiz. The applications I use most of the time are firefox and eclipse. Any hints how I can find the problem? I'm not a kernel hacker so if the solution is patching the kernel or something like that then I might be out of the game...

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• Mysqld increases the load on the CPU and drops after flush-tables

  - by mirage

  Help please advice on the issue. Normal load on the cpu 20-30% us + sy. After restoring the database files from the slave server (same version) began a periodic problem. mysql starts to load the cpu at 100% (us + sy grows proportionally). The queue is growing, everything slows down. But with mysqladmin flush-tables are normalized for a few hours. Dedicated linux server running mysql 2 x E5506 24Gb RAM, database size 50Gb. [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.0.51a-24 + lenny4-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics --------------------------------------- ---- [-] Status: + Archive-BDB-Federated + InnoDB-ISAM-NDBCluster [-] Data in MyISAM tables: 33G (Tables: 1474) [-] Data in InnoDB tables: 1G (Tables: 4) [-] Data in MEMORY tables: 120K (Tables: 3) [-] Reads / Writes: 91% / 9% [-] Total buffers: 12.8M per thread and 7.1G global [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 15.8G (66% of installed RAM) 4000 - 5500 rps key_buffer = 1536M max_allowed_packet = 2M table_cache = 4096 sort_buffer_size = 409584 read_buffer_size = 128K read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 500 query_cache_size = 100M thread_concurrency = 24 max_connections = 700 tmp_table_size = 4096M join_buffer_size = 4M max_heap_table_size = 4096M query_cache_limit = 1M low_priority_updates = 1 concurrent_insert = 2 wait_timeout = 30 server-id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1536M innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 How to solve the problem?

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• Slow filesystem access

  - by danneh3826

  I'm trying to diagnose a slow filesystem issue on a server I look after. It's been ongoing for quite some time, and I've run out of ideas as to what I can try. Here's the thick of it. The server itself is a Dell Poweredge T310. It has 4 SAS hard drives in it, configured at RAID5, and is running Citrix XenServer 5.6. The VM is a (relatively) old Debian 5.0.6 installation. It's given 4 cores, and 4Gb's of RAM. It has 3 volumes. A 10Gb volume (ext3) for the system, 980Gb volume (xfs) for data (~94% full), and another 200Gb volume (xfs) for data (~13% full). Now here's the weird thing. Read/write access to the 980Gb volume is really slow. I might get 5Mb/s out of it if I'm lucky. At first I figured it was actually disk access in the system, or at a hypervisor level, but ruled that out entirely as other VMs on the same host are running perfectly fine (a good couple hundred Mb/s disk r/w access). So then I started to target this particular VM. I started thinking it was XFS, but to prove it I wasn't going to attempt to change the filesystem on the 980Gb drive, with years and years of billions of files on there. So I provisioned the 200Gb drive, and did the same read/write test (basically dd), and got a good couple hundred Mb/s r/w access to it. So that ruled out the VM, the hardware, and the filesystem type. There's also a lot of these in /var/log/kern.log; (sorry, this is quite long) Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564689] httpd: page allocation failure. order:5, mode:0x4020 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564693] Pid: 7318, comm: httpd Not tainted 2.6.32-4-686-bigmem #1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564696] Call Trace: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564705] [<c1092a4d>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x476/0x4e0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564711] [<c1092ac3>] ? __get_free_pages+0xc/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564716] [<c10b632e>] ? __kmalloc+0x30/0x128 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564722] [<c11dd774>] ? pskb_expand_head+0x4f/0x157 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564727] [<c11ddbbf>] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x41/0x1fb Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564732] [<c11e4882>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0xe4/0x38e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564738] [<c1205902>] ? ip_finish_output+0x0/0x5c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564742] [<c12058c7>] ? ip_finish_output2+0x187/0x1c2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564747] [<c1204dc8>] ? ip_local_out+0x15/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564751] [<c12055a9>] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x31e/0x379 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564758] [<c1279a90>] ? _spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x1e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564767] [<eda15a8d>] ? __nf_ct_refresh_acct+0x66/0xa4 [nf_conntrack] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564773] [<c103bf42>] ? _local_bh_enable_ip+0x16/0x6e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564779] [<c1214593>] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x595/0x5cc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564785] [<c1005c4f>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564791] [<c12165ea>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x7a3/0x874 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564796] [<c121203a>] ? tcp_ack+0x1611/0x1802 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564801] [<c10055ec>] ? xen_force_evtchn_callback+0xc/0x10 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564806] [<c121392f>] ? tcp_established_options+0x1d/0x8b Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564811] [<c1213be4>] ? tcp_current_mss+0x38/0x53 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564816] [<c1216701>] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x1e/0x50 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564821] [<c1212246>] ? tcp_data_snd_check+0x1b/0xd2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564825] [<c1212de3>] ? tcp_rcv_established+0x5d0/0x626 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564831] [<c121902c>] ? tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x15f/0x2cf Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564835] [<c1219561>] ? tcp_v4_rcv+0x3c5/0x5c0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564841] [<c120197e>] ? ip_local_deliver_finish+0x10c/0x18c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564846] [<c12015a4>] ? ip_rcv_finish+0x2c4/0x2d8 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564852] [<c11e3b71>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x3bb/0x3d6 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564864] [<ed823efc>] ? xennet_poll+0x9b8/0xafc [xen_netfront] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564869] [<c11e40ee>] ? net_rx_action+0x96/0x194 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564874] [<c103bd4c>] ? __do_softirq+0xaa/0x151 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564878] [<c103be24>] ? do_softirq+0x31/0x3c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564883] [<c103befa>] ? irq_exit+0x26/0x58 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564890] [<c118ff9f>] ? xen_evtchn_do_upcall+0x12c/0x13e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564896] [<c1008c3f>] ? xen_do_upcall+0x7/0xc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564899] Mem-Info: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564902] DMA per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564905] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564908] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564911] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564914] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564916] Normal per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564919] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 175 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564922] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 165 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564925] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 30 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564928] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 140 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564931] HighMem per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564933] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 159 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564936] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 22 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564939] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 24 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564942] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 13 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564947] active_anon:485974 inactive_anon:121138 isolated_anon:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564948] active_file:75215 inactive_file:79510 isolated_file:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564949] unevictable:0 dirty:516 writeback:15 unstable:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564950] free:230770 slab_reclaimable:36661 slab_unreclaimable:21249 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564952] mapped:20016 shmem:29450 pagetables:5600 bounce:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564958] DMA free:2884kB min:72kB low:88kB high:108kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:5692kB inactive_file:724kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15872kB mlocked:0kB dirty:8kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:5112kB slab_unreclaimable:156kB kernel_stack:56kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564964] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 698 4143 4143 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564977] Normal free:143468kB min:3344kB low:4180kB high:5016kB active_anon:56kB inactive_anon:2068kB active_file:131812kB inactive_file:131728kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:715256kB mlocked:0kB dirty:156kB writeback:0kB mapped:308kB shmem:4kB slab_reclaimable:141532kB slab_unreclaimable:84840kB kernel_stack:1928kB pagetables:22400kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564983] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 27559 27559 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564995] HighMem free:776728kB min:512kB low:4636kB high:8760kB active_anon:1943840kB inactive_anon:482484kB active_file:163356kB inactive_file:185588kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:3527556kB mlocked:0kB dirty:1900kB writeback:60kB mapped:79756kB shmem:117796kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565001] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565011] DMA: 385*4kB 16*8kB 3*16kB 9*32kB 6*64kB 2*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 2900kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565032] Normal: 21505*4kB 6508*8kB 273*16kB 24*32kB 3*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 143412kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565054] HighMem: 949*4kB 8859*8kB 7063*16kB 6186*32kB 4631*64kB 727*128kB 6*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 776604kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565076] 198980 total pagecache pages Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565079] 14850 pages in swap cache Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565082] Swap cache stats: add 2556273, delete 2541423, find 82961339/83153719 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565085] Free swap = 250592kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565087] Total swap = 385520kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575454] 1073152 pages RAM Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575458] 888834 pages HighMem Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575461] 11344 pages reserved Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575463] 1090481 pages shared Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575465] 737188 pages non-shared Now, I've no idea what this means. There's plenty of free memory; total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4247232 3455904 791328 0 5348 736412 -/+ buffers/cache: 2714144 1533088 Swap: 385520 131004 254516 Though now I see the swap is relatively low in size, but would that matter? I've been starting to think about fragmentation, or inode usage on that large partition, but a recent fsck on it showed is as only like 0.5% fragmented. Which leaves me with inode usage, but how much of an effect really would a large inode table or filesystem TOC have? I've love to hear people's opinions on this. It's driving me potty! df -h output; Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 9.5G 6.6G 2.4G 74% / tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 520K 9.5M 6% /dev tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb 980G 921G 59G 94% /data

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• High CPU usage in my digitalocean droplet

  - by Ibrahim Azhar Armar

  I am experiencing high CPU usage here is the stats i got from server, the consumption after every restart in 15 minutes go upto 100%, what could go wrong? I have a wordpress copy installed on the server which does not have much traffic, here is the stats that i got from using top command in server. top - 11:46:02 up 12 min, 3 users, load average: 40.89, 16.03, 6.11 Tasks: 132 total, 41 running, 91 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 24.3%us, 61.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 4.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 10.2%st Mem: 2050896k total, 1988656k used, 62240k free, 284k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 4712k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 31 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 39 0.0 1:35.53 kswapd0 899 root 20 0 15988 172 0 S 14 0.0 0:05.00 irqbalance 418 syslog 20 0 243m 600 0 S 13 0.0 0:06.85 rsyslogd 944 mysql 20 0 1320m 53m 0 S 12 2.7 0:21.15 mysqld 2357 root 20 0 17344 532 164 R 11 0.0 0:14.27 top 960 root 20 0 246m 3816 0 S 3 0.2 0:08.18 php5-fpm 2431 www-data 20 0 344m 64m 908 R 2 3.2 0:04.23 apache2 2435 www-data 20 0 304m 63m 836 R 2 3.2 0:03.43 apache2 2413 www-data 20 0 349m 63m 920 R 2 3.2 0:07.51 apache2 2465 www-data 20 0 349m 64m 944 R 2 3.2 0:05.04 apache2 2518 www-data 20 0 307m 41m 1204 R 2 2.1 0:01.37 apache2 2406 www-data 20 0 346m 56m 1144 R 2 2.8 0:03.76 apache2 2456 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 1184 R 2 2.8 0:02.67 apache2 2373 www-data 20 0 351m 63m 784 R 2 3.2 0:11.09 apache2 2439 www-data 20 0 306m 35m 916 R 2 1.8 0:02.51 apache2 2450 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 1088 R 2 2.8 0:02.96 apache2 2486 www-data 20 0 299m 10m 876 R 2 0.5 0:01.19 apache2 2523 www-data 20 0 300m 27m 796 R 2 1.4 0:00.99 apache2

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