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• Integrated webcam in lenovo t410 not working with 12.04

  - by kristianp

  I have a Lenovo T410 with an inbuilt webcam and I haven't been able to get the webcam working. I tried skype, cheese, both just give me a black window. The microphone works fine with skype, by the way. Can anyone provide any clues please? The webcam is enabled in the bios, but there is no light indicating the webcam is on (not sure if there should be, though). I tried this on Kubuntu 11.10 and have upgraded to 12.04 with the same results. The Fn-F6 keyboard combination doens't seem to do anything either. EDIT: I got the webcam replaced, it looks like it was a hardware problem, because it works fine now. Thanks guys. $ ls /dev/v4l/* /dev/v4l/by-id: usb-Chicony_Electronics_Co.__Ltd._Integrated_Camera-video-index0 /dev/v4l/by-path: pci-0000:00:1a.0-usb-0:1.6:1.0-video-index0 And lsusb: $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 147e:2016 Upek Biometric Touchchip/Touchstrip Fingerprint Sensor Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0a5c:217f Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller Bus 001 Device 005: ID 17ef:480f Lenovo Integrated Webcam [R5U877] Bus 002 Device 003: ID 05c6:9204 Qualcomm, Inc. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 17ef:1003 Lenovo Integrated Smart Card Reader Here is the output from guvcview, minus lots of lines describing the available capture formats. It says "unable to start with minimum setup. Please reconnect your camera.". guvcview 1.5.3 ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1018:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave ALSA lib pcm.c:2217:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.rear ALSA lib pcm.c:2217:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.center_lfe ALSA lib pcm.c:2217:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.side ALSA lib audio/pcm_bluetooth.c:1614:(audioservice_expect) BT_GET_CAPABILITIES failed : Input/output error(5) ALSA lib audio/pcm_bluetooth.c:1614:(audioservice_expect) BT_GET_CAPABILITIES failed : Input/output error(5) ALSA lib audio/pcm_bluetooth.c:1614:(audioservice_expect) BT_GET_CAPABILITIES failed : Input/output error(5) ALSA lib audio/pcm_bluetooth.c:1614:(audioservice_expect) BT_GET_CAPABILITIES failed : Input/output error(5) ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:957:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) The dmix plugin supports only playback stream ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1018:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave Cannot connect to server socket err = No such file or directory Cannot connect to server socket jack server is not running or cannot be started video device: /dev/video0 Init. Integrated Camera (location: usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6) { pixelformat = 'YUYV', description = 'YUV 4:2:2 (YUYV)' } { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 } Time interval between frame: 1/30, .... { discrete: width = 1600, height = 1200 } Time interval between frame: 1/15, vid:17ef pid:480f driver:uvcvideo checking format: 1196444237 libv4l2: error setting pixformat: Device or resource busy VIDIOC_S_FORMAT - Unable to set format: Device or resource busy Init v4L2 failed !! Init video returned -2 trying minimum setup ... video device: /dev/video0 Init. Integrated Camera (location: usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.6) { pixelformat = 'YUYV', description = 'YUV 4:2:2 (YUYV)' } { discrete: width = 640, height = 480 } .... vid:17ef pid:480f driver:uvcvideo checking format: 1448695129 libv4l2: error setting pixformat: Device or resource busy VIDIOC_S_FORMAT - Unable to set format: Device or resource busy Init v4L2 failed !! ERROR: Minimum Setup Failed. Exiting... VIDIOC_REQBUFS - Failed to delete buffers: Invalid argument (errno 22) cleaned allocations - 100% Closing portaudio ...OK Terminated.

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• Why would Copying a Large Image to the Clipboard Freeze a Computer?

  - by Akemi Iwaya

  Sometimes, something really odd happens when using our computers that makes no sense at all…such as copying a simple image to the clipboard and the computer freezing up because of it. An image is an image, right? Today’s SuperUser post has the answer to a puzzled reader’s dilemna. Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. Original image courtesy of Wikimedia. The Question SuperUser reader Joban Dhillon wants to know why copying an image to the clipboard on his computer freezes it up: I was messing around with some height map images and found this one: (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Srtm_ramp2.world.21600×10800.jpg) The image is 21,600*10,800 pixels in size. When I right click and select “Copy Image” in my browser (I am using Google Chrome), it slows down my computer until it freezes. After that I must restart. I am curious about why this happens. I presume it is the size of the image, although it is only about 6 MB when saved to my computer. I am also using Windows 8.1 Why would a simple image freeze Joban’s computer up after copying it to the clipboard? The Answer SuperUser contributor Mokubai has the answer for us: “Copy Image” is copying the raw image data, rather than the image file itself, to your clipboard. The raw image data will be 21,600 x 10,800 x 3 (24 bit image) = 699,840,000 bytes of data. That is approximately 700 MB of data your browser is trying to copy to the clipboard. JPEG compresses the raw data using a lossy algorithm and can get pretty good compression. Hence the compressed file is only 6 MB. The reason it makes your computer slow is that it is probably filling your memory up with at least the 700 MB of image data that your browser is using to show you the image, another 700 MB (along with whatever overhead the clipboard incurs) to store it on the clipboard, and a not insignificant amount of processing power to convert the image into a format that can be stored on the clipboard. Chances are that if you have less than 4 GB of physical RAM, then those copies of the image data are forcing your computer to page memory out to the swap file in an attempt to fulfil both memory demands at the same time. This will cause programs and disk access to be sluggish as they use the disk and try to use the data that may have just been paged out. In short: Do not use the clipboard for huge images unless you have a lot of memory and a bit of time to spare. Like pretty graphs? This is what happens when I load that image in Google Chrome, then copy it to the clipboard on my machine with 12 GB of RAM: It starts off at the lower point using 2.8 GB of RAM, loading the image punches it up to 3.6 GB (approximately the 700 MB), then copying it to the clipboard spikes way up there at 6.3 GB of RAM before settling back down at the 4.5-ish you would expect to see for a program and two copies of a rather large image. That is a whopping 3.7 GB of image data being worked on at the peak, which is probably the initial image, a reserved quantity for the clipboard, and perhaps a couple of conversion buffers. That is enough to bring any machine with less than 8 GB of RAM to its knees. Strangely, doing the same thing in Firefox just copies the image file rather than the image data (without the scary memory surge). Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

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• C++ OpenGL wireframe cube rendering blank

  - by caleb.breckon

  I'm just trying to draw a bunch of lines that make up a "cube". I can't for the life of me figure out why this is producing a black screen. The debugger does not break at any point. I'm sure it's a problem with my pointers, as I'm only decent at them in regular c++ and in OpenGL it gets even worse. const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); //glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( indices ), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); }

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• DrawIndexedPrimitives overdraws data in previous buffer if called in loop

  - by Daniel Excinsky

  I doubled the question from stackoverflow here, and will delete the opposite of a question that gave me the answer. I have the Draw method in one of my renderers, that loops through the dictionary and gets precollected and preinitialized buffers. When dictionary has only one element, everything is just fine. But with more elements what I get on the screen is only the data from the last buffer (I suppose, not sure) My Draw method: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { if (!_areStaticEffectsSet) { // blockEffect.Parameters["TextureAtlas"].SetValue(textureAtlas); blockEffect.Parameters["HorizonColor"].SetValue(World.HORIZONCOLOR); blockEffect.Parameters["NightColor"].SetValue(World.NIGHTCOLOR); blockEffect.Parameters["MorningTint"].SetValue(World.MORNINGTINT); blockEffect.Parameters["EveningTint"].SetValue(World.EVENINGTINT); blockEffect.Parameters["SunColor"].SetValue(World.SUNCOLOR); _areStaticEffectsSet = true; } blockEffect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity); blockEffect.Parameters["View"].SetValue(_player.CameraView); blockEffect.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(_player.CameraProjection); blockEffect.Parameters["CameraPosition"].SetValue(_player.CameraPosition); blockEffect.Parameters["timeOfDay"].SetValue(_world.TimeOfDay); var viewFrustum = new BoundingFrustum(_player.CameraView * _player.CameraProjection); _graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; _graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; foreach (KeyValuePair<int, Texture2D> textureAtlas in textureAtlases) { blockEffect.Parameters["TextureAtlas"].SetValue(textureAtlas.Value); foreach (EffectPass pass in blockEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); //TODO: ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? VertexBuffer ? IndexBuffer foreach (Chunk chunk in _world.Chunks.Values) { if (chunk == null || chunk.IsDisposed) { continue; } if (chunk.BoundingBox.Intersects(viewFrustum) && chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key) != null) { lock (chunk) { if (chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key).IndexCount > 0) { VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = chunk.GetBlockVertexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key); IndexBuffer indexBuffer = chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key); //if (chunk.DrawIndex == new Vector3i(0, 0, 0)) //{ //if (textureAtlas.Key == -1) //{ //var varray = new [] //{ //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(0,68,0), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)), //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(0,68,1), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)), //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(1,68,0), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)) //}; //var iarray = new short[] {0, 1, 2}; //vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(_graphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionTextureLight), varray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); //indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(_graphicsDevice, IndexElementSize.SixteenBits, iarray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); //vertexBuffer.SetData(varray); //indexBuffer.SetData(iarray); } } _graphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); _graphicsDevice.Indices = indexBuffer; _graphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, vertexBuffer.VertexCount, 0, indexBuffer.IndexCount / 3); } } } } } } } Noteworthy things about the code: XNA version is 4.0. I've commented the debugging code in the loop, but left it for it may bring some insight. I try not only to change vertices/indices in the loop, but textureAtlas also. Code in the shader about textureAtlas: Texture TextureAtlas; sampler TextureAtlasSampler = sampler_state { texture = <TextureAtlas>; magfilter = POINT; minfilter = POINT; mipfilter = POINT; AddressU = WRAP; AddressV = WRAP; }; struct VSInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoords1 : TEXCOORD0; float SunLight : COLOR0; float3 LocalLight : COLOR1; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; }; VertexPositionTextureLight is my own realization of IVertexType. So, do anybody know about this problem, or see the wrongness in my code (that's far more likely)?

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• Asynchrony in C# 5 (Part II)

  - by javarg

  This article is a continuation of the series of asynchronous features included in the new Async CTP preview for next versions of C# and VB. Check out Part I for more information. So, let’s continue with TPL Dataflow: Asynchronous functions TPL Dataflow Task based asynchronous Pattern Part II: TPL Dataflow Definition (by quote of Async CTP doc): “TPL Dataflow (TDF) is a new .NET library for building concurrent applications. It promotes actor/agent-oriented designs through primitives for in-process message passing, dataflow, and pipelining. TDF builds upon the APIs and scheduling infrastructure provided by the Task Parallel Library (TPL) in .NET 4, and integrates with the language support for asynchrony provided by C#, Visual Basic, and F#.” This means: data manipulation processed asynchronously. “TPL Dataflow is focused on providing building blocks for message passing and parallelizing CPU- and I/O-intensive applications”. Data manipulation is another hot area when designing asynchronous and parallel applications: how do you sync data access in a parallel environment? how do you avoid concurrency issues? how do you notify when data is available? how do you control how much data is waiting to be consumed? etc.  Dataflow Blocks TDF provides data and action processing blocks. Imagine having preconfigured data processing pipelines to choose from, depending on the type of behavior you want. The most basic block is the BufferBlock<T>, which provides an storage for some kind of data (instances of <T>). So, let’s review data processing blocks available. Blocks a categorized into three groups: Buffering Blocks Executor Blocks Joining Blocks Think of them as electronic circuitry components :).. 1. BufferBlock<T>: it is a FIFO (First in First Out) queue. You can Post data to it and then Receive it synchronously or asynchronously. It synchronizes data consumption for only one receiver at a time (you can have many receivers but only one will actually process it). 2. BroadcastBlock<T>: same FIFO queue for messages (instances of <T>) but link the receiving event to all consumers (it makes the data available for consumption to N number of consumers). The developer can provide a function to make a copy of the data if necessary. 3. WriteOnceBlock<T>: it stores only one value and once it’s been set, it can never be replaced or overwritten again (immutable after being set). As with BroadcastBlock<T>, all consumers can obtain a copy of the value. 4. ActionBlock<TInput>: this executor block allows us to define an operation to be executed when posting data to the queue. Thus, we must pass in a delegate/lambda when creating the block. Posting data will result in an execution of the delegate for each data in the queue. You could also specify how many parallel executions to allow (degree of parallelism). 5. TransformBlock<TInput, TOutput>: this is an executor block designed to transform each input, that is way it defines an output parameter. It ensures messages are processed and delivered in order. 6. TransformManyBlock<TInput, TOutput>: similar to TransformBlock but produces one or more outputs from each input. 7. BatchBlock<T>: combines N single items into one batch item (it buffers and batches inputs). 8. JoinBlock<T1, T2, …>: it generates tuples from all inputs (it aggregates inputs). Inputs could be of any type you want (T1, T2, etc.). 9. BatchJoinBlock<T1, T2, …>: aggregates tuples of collections. It generates collections for each type of input and then creates a tuple to contain each collection (Tuple<IList<T1>, IList<T2>>). Next time I will show some examples of usage for each TDF block. * Images taken from Microsoft’s Async CTP documentation.

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• Encouter error "Linux ip -6 addr add failed" while setting up OpenVPN client

  - by Mickel

  I am trying to set up my router to use OpenVPN and have gotten quite far (I think), but something seems to be missing and I am not sure what. Here is my configuration for the client: client dev tun proto udp remote ovpn.azirevpn.net 1194 remote-random resolv-retry infinite auth-user-pass /tmp/password.txt nobind persist-key persist-tun ca /tmp/AzireVPN.ca.crt remote-cert-tls server reneg-sec 0 verb 3 OpenVPN client log: Nov 8 15:45:13 rc_service: httpd 15776:notify_rc start_vpnclient1 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: OpenVPN 2.3.2 arm-unknown-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [EPOLL] [MH] [IPv6] built on Nov 1 2013 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27196]: Socket Buffers: R=[116736->131072] S=[116736->131072] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: UDPv4 link local: [undef] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194, sid=44d80db5 8b36adf9 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=RU, ST=Moscow, L=Moscow, O=Azire Networks, OU=VPN, CN=Azire Networks, name=Azire Networks, [email protected] Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: Validating certificate key usage Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: ++ Certificate has key usage 00a0, expects 00a0 Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY KU OK Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: Validating certificate extended key usage Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY EKU OK Nov 8 15:45:14 openvpn[27202]: VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=RU, ST=Moscow, L=Moscow, O=AzireVPN, OU=VPN, CN=ovpn, name=ovpn, [email protected] Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 2048 bit RSA Nov 8 15:45:15 openvpn[27202]: [ovpn] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]178.132.75.14:1194 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: SENT CONTROL [ovpn]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,ifconfig-ipv6 2a03:8600:1001:4010::101f/64 2a03:8600:1001:4010::1,route-ipv6 2000::/3 2A03:8600:1001:4010::1,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,dhcp-option DNS 194.1.247.30,tun-ipv6,route-gateway 178.132.77.1,topology subnet,ping 3,ping-restart 15,ifconfig 178.132.77.33 255.255.255.192' Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=1, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=1 Nov 8 15:45:17 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 178.132.77.33/26 broadcast 178.132.77.63 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: /usr/sbin/ip -6 addr add 2a03:8600:1001:4010::101f/64 dev tun0 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: Linux ip -6 addr add failed: external program exited with error status: 254 Nov 8 15:45:18 openvpn[27202]: Exiting due to fatal error Any ideas are most welcome!

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• Best available technology for layered disk cache in linux

  - by SpliFF

  I've just bought a 6-core Phenom with 16G of RAM. I use it primarily for compiling and video encoding (and occassional web/db). I'm finding all activities get disk-bound and I just can't keep all 6 cores fed. I'm buying an SSD raid to sit between the HDD and tmpfs. I want to setup a "layered" filesystem where reads are cached on tmpfs but writes safely go through to the SSD. I want files (or blocks) that haven't been read lately on the SSD to then be written back to a HDD using a compressed FS or block layer. So basically reads: - Check tmpfs - Check SSD - Check HD And writes: - Straight to SSD (for safety), then tmpfs (for speed) And periodically, or when space gets low: - Move least frequently accessed files down one layer. I've seen a few projects of interest. CacheFS, cachefsd, bcache seem pretty close but I'm having trouble determining which are practical. bcache seems a little risky (early adoption), cachefs seems tied to specific network filesystems. There are "union" projects unionfs and aufs that let you mount filesystems over each other (USB device over a DVD usually) but both are distributed as a patch and I get the impression this sort of "transparent" mounting was going to become a kernel feature rather than a FS. I know the kernel has a built-in disk cache but it doesn't seem to work well with compiling. I see a 20x speed improvement when I move my source files to tmpfs. I think it's because the standard buffers are dedicated to a specific process and compiling creates and destroys thousands of processes during a build (just guessing there). It looks like I really want those files precached. I've read tmpfs can use virtual memory. In that case is it practical to create a giant tmpfs with swap on the SSD? I don't need to boot off the resulting layered filesystem. I can load grub, kernel and initrd from elsewhere if needed. So that's the background. The question has several components I guess: Recommended FS and/or block layer for the SSD and compressed HDD. Recommended mkfs parameters (block size, options etc...) Recommended cache/mount technology to bind the layers transparently Required mount parameters Required kernel options / patches, etc..

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• PHP-FPM High Memory Usage

  - by Ruel

  I have a wordpress blog, that uses WP-SuperCache, and normally I get 100 visitors per day. With nginx + php-fpm it's blazing fast, and I have no regrets. One thing i noticed, php-fpm takes a lot of memory: top - 09:20:43 up 5 days, 15:53, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 26 total, 1 running, 25 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 329956k used, 718620k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10226 www-data 15 0 145m 52m 4584 S 0.0 5.1 0:07.55 php-fpm 10223 www-data 16 0 141m 48m 4692 S 0.0 4.8 0:08.70 php-fpm 20277 www-data 15 0 138m 46m 4368 S 0.0 4.5 0:07.55 php-fpm 20259 www-data 15 0 133m 41m 4600 S 0.0 4.0 0:06.68 php-fpm 12201 www-data 15 0 133m 41m 4632 S 0.0 4.0 0:08.31 php-fpm 11586 www-data 15 0 132m 40m 4292 S 0.0 3.9 0:03.27 php-fpm 29822 www-data 15 0 128m 36m 4356 S 0.0 3.6 0:05.26 php-fpm 28427 mysql 15 0 200m 7300 4764 S 0.0 0.7 0:47.89 mysqld 10202 root 18 0 98.3m 4320 1204 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.80 php-fpm 22524 root 18 0 86064 3396 2652 S 0.0 0.3 0:16.74 sshd 9882 www-data 18 0 42052 2572 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:27.52 nginx 9884 www-data 18 0 42052 2560 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:26.26 nginx 9881 www-data 18 0 42064 2524 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:29.24 nginx 9879 www-data 18 0 42032 2480 804 S 0.0 0.2 0:29.58 nginx 23771 root 15 0 12176 1820 1316 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.08 bash 28344 root 22 0 11932 1416 1184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mysqld_safe 18167 root 16 0 62628 1208 648 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.55 sshd 25941 root 15 0 12612 1192 928 R 0.0 0.1 0:02.21 top 11573 root 15 0 20876 1168 592 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.67 crond 9878 root 18 0 41000 1112 284 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 nginx 21736 root 23 0 21648 936 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 xinetd 11585 root 18 0 46748 816 428 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 saslauthd 14125 root 12 -4 12768 768 452 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 udevd 1 root 18 0 10352 728 616 S 0.0 0.1 0:17.93 init 24564 root 15 0 5912 680 544 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.90 syslogd 11618 root 18 0 46748 548 160 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 saslauthd Here's my php-fpm config: [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid error_log = log/php-fpm.log log_level = notice [www] listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 user = www-data group = www-data pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 3 pm.min_spare_servers = 3 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pm.max_requests = 500 Sometimes it goes up to 400MB. And I'm planning to add a new website on my VPS. Is this normal?

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• Ubuntu suddenly freezes

  - by tapan

  I've a strange problem with my ubuntu 10.04 installation. Whenever i boot into ubuntu the entire system freezes / hangs soon after (~ 2 mins in). This problem exists on my windows 7 installation too. However if i start World of Warcraft or Warcraft on windows it doesnt hang for the duration i'm playing the game. After i stop playing and exit the game my laptop hangs inside 2 mins. Here is when it gets weirder. If i disconnect the charger, the laptop doesn't hang. However when I start it in ubuntu recovery mode and drop to root shell and use the 'startx' command everything works perfectly. I cannot figure out what the problem is. i have an intel core2duo 2.2ghz processor, intel mobile 965 graphics, 2 GB RAM for more details here is the output of cat /proc/cpuinfo : processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4389.80 clflush size : 64 power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4388.96 clflush size : 64 power management: here is the output of cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2052440 kB MemFree: 55924 kB Buffers: 579352 kB Cached: 821752 kB SwapCached: 704 kB Active: 897124 kB Inactive: 1032256 kB Active(anon): 412140 kB Inactive(anon): 264804 kB Active(file): 484984 kB Inactive(file): 767452 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 1178440 kB HighFree: 6012 kB LowTotal: 874000 kB LowFree: 49912 kB SwapTotal: 995988 kB SwapFree: 986616 kB Dirty: 8928 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 527596 kB Mapped: 76536 kB Slab: 39480 kB SReclaimable: 21100 kB SUnreclaim: 18380 kB PageTables: 5672 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 2022208 kB Committed_AS: 1856400 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 11928 kB VmallocChunk: 104644 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 892928 kB Also the kern.log doesn't show any errors. What I want to know is what might be the problem, how i could test for it and if there are any solutions I could try. Thanks :).

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• Ubuntu/Windows suddenly freezes

  - by tapan

  I've a strange problem with my ubuntu 10.04 installation. Whenever i boot into ubuntu the entire system freezes / hangs soon after (~ 2 mins in). This problem exists on my windows 7 installation too. However if i start World of Warcraft or Warcraft on windows it doesnt hang for the duration i'm playing the game. After i stop playing and exit the game my laptop hangs inside 2 mins. Here is when it gets weirder. If i disconnect the charger, the laptop doesn't hang. However when I start it in ubuntu recovery mode and drop to root shell and use the 'startx' command everything works perfectly. I cannot figure out what the problem is. i have an intel core2duo 2.2ghz processor, intel mobile 965 graphics, 2 GB RAM for more details here is the output of cat /proc/cpuinfo : processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4389.80 clflush size : 64 power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 15 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz stepping : 11 cpu MHz : 2201.000 cache size : 4096 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 10 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority bogomips : 4388.96 clflush size : 64 power management: here is the output of cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2052440 kB MemFree: 55924 kB Buffers: 579352 kB Cached: 821752 kB SwapCached: 704 kB Active: 897124 kB Inactive: 1032256 kB Active(anon): 412140 kB Inactive(anon): 264804 kB Active(file): 484984 kB Inactive(file): 767452 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 1178440 kB HighFree: 6012 kB LowTotal: 874000 kB LowFree: 49912 kB SwapTotal: 995988 kB SwapFree: 986616 kB Dirty: 8928 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 527596 kB Mapped: 76536 kB Slab: 39480 kB SReclaimable: 21100 kB SUnreclaim: 18380 kB PageTables: 5672 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 2022208 kB Committed_AS: 1856400 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 11928 kB VmallocChunk: 104644 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 892928 kB Also the kern.log doesn't show any errors. What I want to know is what might be the problem, how i could test for it and if there are any solutions I could try. Thanks :).

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• Apache taking up too much CPU

  - by andrewtweber

  I'm trying to manage a server on Amazon for a network of sites that receives about 100 million pageviews per month. Unfortunately, nobody out of my team of 5 developers has much server admin experience. Right now we have the MaxClients set to 1400. Currently our traffic is about average, and we have 1150 total Apache processes running, which use about 2% CPU each! Out of those 1150, 800 of them are currently sleeping, but still taking up CPU. I'm sure there are ways to optimize this. I have a few thoughts: It appears Apache is creating a new process for every single connection. Is this normal? Is there a way to more quickly kill the sleeping processes? Should we turn KeepAlive on? Each page loads about 15-20 medium-sized graphics and a lot of javascript/css. So, here's our Apache setup. We do plan on contracting a server admin asap, but I would really appreciate some advice until we can find someone. Timeout 25 KeepAlive Off MaxKeepAliveRequests 200 KeepAliveTimeout 5 <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 100 MinSpareServers 20 MaxSpareServers 50 ServerLimit 1400 MaxClients 1400 MaxRequestsPerChild 5000 </IfModule> <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 4 MaxClients 400 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> Full top output: top - 23:44:36 up 1 day, 6:43, 4 users, load average: 379.14, 379.17, 377.22 Tasks: 1153 total, 379 running, 774 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 71.9%us, 26.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.9%si, 0.0%st Mem: 70343000k total, 23768448k used, 46574552k free, 527376k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 10054596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1756 mysql 20 0 10.2g 1.8g 5256 S 19.8 2.7 904:41.13 mysqld 21515 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4512 R 2.1 0.0 0:34.42 httpd 21524 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4032 R 2.1 0.0 0:32.63 httpd 21544 apache 20 0 394m 16m 4084 R 2.1 0.0 0:36.38 httpd 21643 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4360 R 2.1 0.0 0:34.20 httpd 21817 apache 20 0 396m 17m 4064 R 2.1 0.0 0:38.22 httpd 22134 apache 20 0 395m 17m 4584 R 2.1 0.0 0:35.62 httpd 22211 apache 20 0 397m 18m 4104 R 2.1 0.0 0:29.91 httpd 22267 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4636 R 2.1 0.0 0:35.29 httpd 22334 apache 20 0 397m 18m 4096 R 2.1 0.0 0:34.86 httpd 22549 apache 20 0 395m 17m 4056 R 2.1 0.0 0:31.01 httpd 22612 apache 20 0 397m 19m 4152 R 2.1 0.0 0:34.34 httpd 22721 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4060 R 2.1 0.0 0:32.76 httpd 22932 apache 20 0 396m 17m 4020 R 2.1 0.0 0:37.34 httpd 22933 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4060 R 2.1 0.0 0:34.77 httpd 22949 apache 20 0 396m 18m 4060 R 2.1 0.0 0:34.61 httpd 22956 apache 20 0 402m 24m 4072 R 2.1 0.0 0:41.45 httpd

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• Using a 64bit Linux kernel, can't see more than 4GB of RAM in /proc/meminfo

  - by Chris Huang-Leaver

  I'm running my new computer which has 8GB of RAM installed, which is visable from BIOS page, does not show in /proc/meminfo uname -a Linux localhost 3.0.6-gentoo #2 SMP PREEMPT Sat Nov 19 10:45:22 GMT-- x86_64 AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 955 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux The result of /proc/meminfo is as follows: (thans Andrey) MemTotal: 4021348 kB MemFree: 1440280 kB Buffers: 23696 kB Cached: 1710828 kB SwapCached: 4956 kB Active: 1389904 kB Inactive: 841364 kB Active(anon): 1337812 kB Inactive(anon): 714060 kB Active(file): 52092 kB Inactive(file): 127304 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB SwapTotal: 8388604 kB SwapFree: 8047900 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 492732 kB Mapped: 47528 kB Shmem: 1555120 kB Slab: 267724 kB SReclaimable: 177464 kB SUnreclaim: 90260 kB KernelStack: 1176 kB PageTables: 12148 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 10399276 kB Committed_AS: 3293896 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 317008 kB VmallocChunk: 34359398908 kB AnonHugePages: 120832 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 23552 kB DirectMap2M: 3088384 kB DirectMap1G: 1048576 kB I have tried using mem=8G as a kernel boot parameter, I read a post about setting HIGHMEM64G to yes, before realising that only applies to 32bit kernels. Trying dmindecode -t memory SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0026, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer0 Serial Number: SerNum0 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber0 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM1 Bank Locator: BANK1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer1 Serial Number: SerNum1 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum1 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber1 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002C, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM2 Bank Locator: BANK2 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer2 Serial Number: SerNum2 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum2 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber2 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002E, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM3 Bank Locator: BANK3 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer3 Serial Number: SerNum3 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum3 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber3 Rank: Unknown

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• Server load spikes several times a day, load average for the past month is 5 times the load average all year

  - by AMF

  My Munin notifications set up for our (Debian) LAMP cluster have been notifying me continuously that our load on our production machine has been at dangerous levels. While the average load all year typically runs between 2 and 8, the load in the past month and only the past month -- has been skyrocketing to 10, 18, and occasionally even 50-60. The spikes last only 5-10 minutes at a time and occur about every 2-3 hours. The spikes do not effect performance only because I have a script that sends traffic off our server to a mirror CDN when the load goes above 10. I've looked for cron jobs that correlate with this timeframe but there is nothing I can see that would cause this. Site traffic is also normal (we receive about 200K visits per day). I'm also trying to think of anything I've changed around the time this problem began, and I really cannot think of anything. This is probably not much to go on. Maybe there is a clue in the top print-out (below) that I'm not seeing. How do I proceed to find the cause? -- Typical top when the load is NOT spiking: top - 11:13:09 up 472 days, 25 min, 1 user, load average: 6.08, 4.29, 3.80 Tasks: 105 total, 1 running, 104 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 41.2%us, 5.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 49.5%id, 2.7%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.7%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3369592k total, 2166980k used, 1202612k free, 559504k buffers Swap: 2650684k total, 1892k used, 2648792k free, 1129116k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 32046 apache 15 0 36300 12m 9828 S 20 0.4 0:01.97 apache2 32679 apache 15 0 36568 13m 10m S 19 0.4 0:01.69 apache2 31441 apache 15 0 36616 13m 10m S 19 0.4 0:04.13 apache2 31477 apache 15 0 36596 13m 9.8m S 15 0.4 0:01.99 apache2 31993 apache 15 0 36876 16m 12m S 12 0.5 0:02.01 apache2 31782 apache 15 0 36836 14m 10m S 8 0.4 0:02.17 apache2 32198 apache 15 0 36536 13m 10m S 7 0.4 0:01.59 apache2 880 apache 15 0 36508 9708 6236 S 7 0.3 0:00.42 apache2 31945 apache 17 0 36876 16m 13m S 5 0.5 0:03.17 apache2 32197 apache 16 0 36636 10m 7504 S 5 0.3 0:02.70 apache2 32326 apache 15 0 37024 11m 7632 S 5 0.3 0:02.15 apache2 32565 apache 15 0 37280 13m 9.8m S 5 0.4 0:03.75 apache2 32676 apache 15 0 36896 16m 12m S 4 0.5 0:00.95 apache2 32678 apache 15 0 36536 12m 9692 S 4 0.4 0:02.27 apache2 974 apache 16 0 37064 9888 6016 D 4 0.3 0:00.13 apache2 32150 apache 16 0 36832 13m 10m S 3 0.4 0:01.74 apache2 31780 apache 16 0 36848 11m 7660 S 3 0.3 0:02.87 apache2

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• How to specify what network interface to use with TTCP or IPERF?

  - by Sammy

  The PC has two Gigabit Ethernet ports. They function as two separate network adapters. I'm trying to do a simple loopback test between the two. I've tried TTCP and IPERF. They're giving me hard time because I'm using the same physical PC. Using pcattcp... On the receiver end: C:\PCATTCP-0114>pcattcp -r PCAUSA Test TCP Utility V2.01.01.14 (IPv4/IPv6) IP Version : IPv4 Started TCP Receive Test 0... TCP Receive Test Local Host : GIGA ************** Listening...: On TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 Accept : TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 <- 10.1.1.1:33904 Buffer Size : 8192; Alignment: 16384/0 Receive Mode: Sinking (discarding) Data Statistics : TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 <- 10.1.1.1:33904 16777216 bytes in 0.076 real seconds = 215578.95 KB/sec +++ numCalls: 2052; msec/call: 0.038; calls/sec: 27000.000 C:\PCATTCP-0114> On the transmitter end: C:\PCATTCP-0114>PCATTCP.exe -t 10.1.1.1 PCAUSA Test TCP Utility V2.01.01.14 (IPv4/IPv6) IP Version : IPv4 Started TCP Transmit Test 0... TCP Transmit Test Transmit : TCPv4 0.0.0.0 -> 10.1.1.1:5001 Buffer Size : 8192; Alignment: 16384/0 TCP_NODELAY : DISABLED (0) Connect : Connected to 10.1.1.1:5001 Send Mode : Send Pattern; Number of Buffers: 2048 Statistics : TCPv4 0.0.0.0 -> 10.1.1.1:5001 16777216 bytes in 0.075 real seconds = 218453.33 KB/sec +++ numCalls: 2048; msec/call: 0.037; calls/sec: 27306.667 C:\PCATTCP-0114> It's responding alright. But why does it say 0.0.0.0? Is it passing through only one of the network adapters? I want 10.1.1.1 to be the server (receiver) and 10.1.1.2 to be the client (transmitter). These are the IP addresses assigned manually to each network adapter. How do I specify these addresses in TTCP? There is also the IPERF tool which has the -B option. Unfortunately I've been only able to use this option to bind the server to the 10.1.1.1 address. I was unable to bind the client to the 10.1.1.2 address. I might be doing it wrong. Can the -B option be used for both the server as well as the client side? What does the syntax look like for the client?

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• Slow Memcached: Average 10ms memcached `get`

  - by Chris W.

  We're using Newrelic to measure our Python/Django application performance. Newrelic is reporting that across our system "Memcached" is taking an average of 12ms to respond to commands. Drilling down into the top dozen or so web views (by # of requests) I can see that some Memcache get take up to 30ms; I can't find a single use of Memcache get that returns in less than 10ms. More details on the system architecture: Currently we have four application servers each of which has a memcached member. All four memcached members participate in a memcache cluster. We're running on a cloud hosting provider and all traffic is running across the "internal" network (via "internal" IPs) When I ping from one application server to another the responses are in ~0.5ms Isn't 10ms a slow response time for Memcached? As far as I understand if you think "Memcache is too slow" then "you're doing it wrong". So am I doing it wrong? Here's the output of the memcache-top command: memcache-top v0.7 (default port: 11211, color: on, refresh: 3 seconds) INSTANCE USAGE HIT % CONN TIME EVICT/s GETS/s SETS/s READ/s WRITE/s cache1:11211 37.1% 62.7% 10 5.3ms 0.0 73 9 3958 84.6K cache2:11211 42.4% 60.8% 11 4.4ms 0.0 46 12 3848 62.2K cache3:11211 37.5% 66.5% 12 4.2ms 0.0 75 17 6056 170.4K AVERAGE: 39.0% 63.3% 11 4.6ms 0.0 64 13 4620 105.7K TOTAL: 0.1GB/ 0.4GB 33 13.9ms 0.0 193 38 13.5K 317.2K (ctrl-c to quit.) ** Here is the output of the top command on one machine: ** (Roughly the same on all cluster machines. As you can see there is very low CPU utilization, because these machines only run memcache.) top - 21:48:56 up 1 day, 4:56, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.06, 0.05 Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.3%st Mem: 501392k total, 424940k used, 76452k free, 66416k buffers Swap: 499996k total, 13064k used, 486932k free, 181168k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 6519 nobody 20 0 384m 74m 880 S 1.0 15.3 18:22.97 memcached 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:38.03 ksoftirqd/0 1 root 20 0 24332 1552 776 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.56 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0 5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/u:0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.62 watchdog/0 8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper ...output truncated...

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• Excessive CPU Utilization for Bind 9.8.1 `named` processes

  - by justinzane

  I just noticed that named is eating vast amounts of CPU time for a very small network with only a few domains. Can someone help me determine what is misconfigured, please? Or how to debug this. top top - 14:13:08 up 25 days, 14:16, 1 user, load average: 1.04, 1.04, 1.05 Tasks: 149 total, 1 running, 148 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 17.3 us, 4.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 78.2 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 2042776 total, 1347916 used, 694860 free, 249396 buffers KiB Swap: 3976080 total, 30552 used, 3945528 free, 574164 cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 17445 bind 20 0 244m 42m 3124 S 99.4 2.2 2345:03 named rndc stats +++ Statistics Dump +++ (1352931389) ++ Incoming Requests ++ 65869 QUERY ++ Incoming Queries ++ 31809 A 241 NS 3 CNAME 27455 SOA 276 PTR 123 MX 462 TXT 5400 AAAA 7 A6 1 DS 14 DNSKEY 15 SPF 55 AXFR 8 ANY ++ Outgoing Queries ++ [View: internal] 22206 A 509 NS 10 SOA 25 PTR 12 MX 524 TXT 4851 AAAA 62 DNSKEY 19 SPF 3157 DLV [View: external] 87 A 2 NS 80 AAAA 120 DNSKEY 7 DLV [View: _bind] ++ Name Server Statistics ++ 65869 IPv4 requests received 27670 requests with EDNS(0) received 112 TCP requests received 65652 responses sent 20 truncated responses sent 27670 responses with EDNS(0) sent 62920 queries resulted in successful answer 37117 queries resulted in authoritative answer 28482 queries resulted in non authoritative answer 7 queries resulted in referral answer 591 queries resulted in nxrrset 53 queries resulted in SERVFAIL 2081 queries resulted in NXDOMAIN 14530 queries caused recursion 162 duplicate queries received 55 requested transfers completed ++ Zone Maintenance Statistics ++ 109536 IPv4 notifies sent ++ Resolver Statistics ++ [Common] [View: internal] 29362 IPv4 queries sent 2013 IPv6 queries sent 28531 IPv4 responses received 4209 NXDOMAIN received 6 SERVFAIL received 31 FORMERR received 32 EDNS(0) query failures 3359 query retries 836 query timeouts 5348 IPv4 NS address fetches 3271 IPv6 NS address fetches 83 IPv4 NS address fetch failed 2779 IPv6 NS address fetch failed 17421 DNSSEC validation attempted 12731 DNSSEC validation succeeded 4690 DNSSEC NX validation succeeded 21104 queries with RTT 10-100ms 7418 queries with RTT 100-500ms 3 queries with RTT 500-800ms 1 queries with RTT 800-1600ms [View: external] 192 IPv4 queries sent 104 IPv6 queries sent 192 IPv4 responses received 2 NXDOMAIN received 104 query retries 44 IPv4 NS address fetches 44 IPv6 NS address fetches 1 IPv4 NS address fetch failed 1 IPv6 NS address fetch failed 4 DNSSEC validation attempted 3 DNSSEC validation succeeded 1 DNSSEC NX validation succeeded 152 queries with RTT 10-100ms 40 queries with RTT 100-500ms [View: _bind] ++ Cache DB RRsets ++ [View: internal (Cache: internal)] 2007 A 652 NS 131 CNAME 1 MX 32 TXT 421 AAAA 28 DS 244 RRSIG 110 NSEC 3 DNSKEY 2 !A 2 !TXT 89 !AAAA 2 !SPF 14 !DLV 148 NXDOMAIN [View: external (Cache: external)] 55 A 12 NS 34 AAAA 2 DS 10 RRSIG 1 DNSKEY [View: _bind (Cache: _bind)] ++ Socket I/O Statistics ++ 82958 UDP/IPv4 sockets opened 2118 UDP/IPv6 sockets opened 4 TCP/IPv4 sockets opened 1 TCP/IPv6 sockets opened 82956 UDP/IPv4 sockets closed 2117 UDP/IPv6 sockets closed 58 TCP/IPv4 sockets closed 15 UDP/IPv4 socket bind failures 2117 UDP/IPv6 socket connect failures 29554 UDP/IPv4 connections established 59 TCP/IPv4 connections accepted 2117 UDP/IPv6 send errors 5 UDP/IPv4 recv errors ++ Per Zone Query Statistics ++ --- Statistics Dump --- (1352931389)

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• Postmaster uses excessive CPU and Disk Writes

  - by wolfcastle

  using PostgreSQL 9.1.2 I'm seeing excessive CPU usage and large amounts of writes to disk from postmaster tasks. This happens even while my application is doing almost nothing (10s of inserts per MINUTE). There are a reasonable number of connections open however. I've been trying to determine what in my application is causing this. I'm pretty newb with postgresql, and haven't gotten anywhere so far. I've turned on some logging options in my config file, and looked at connections in the pg_stat_activity table, but they are all idle. Yet each connection consumes ~ 50% CPU, and is writing ~15M/s to disk (reading nothing). I'm basically using the stock postgresql.conf with very little tweaks. I'd appreciate any advice or pointers on what I can do to track this down. Here is a sample of what top/iotop is showing me: Cpu(s): 18.9%us, 14.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 53.4%id, 11.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.5%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32865916k total, 7263720k used, 25602196k free, 575608k buffers Swap: 16777208k total, 0k used, 16777208k free, 4464212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 17057 postgres 20 0 236m 33m 13m R 45.0 0.1 73:48.78 postmaster 17188 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 11m R 42.3 0.0 61:45.57 postmaster 17963 postgres 20 0 219m 16m 11m R 42.3 0.1 27:15.01 postmaster 17084 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 11m S 41.7 0.0 63:13.64 postmaster 17964 postgres 20 0 219m 17m 12m R 41.7 0.1 27:23.28 postmaster 18688 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 11m R 41.3 0.0 63:46.81 postmaster 17088 postgres 20 0 226m 24m 12m R 41.0 0.1 64:39.63 postmaster 24767 postgres 20 0 219m 17m 12m R 41.0 0.1 24:39.24 postmaster 18660 postgres 20 0 219m 14m 9.9m S 40.7 0.0 60:51.52 postmaster 18664 postgres 20 0 218m 15m 11m S 40.7 0.0 61:39.61 postmaster 17962 postgres 20 0 222m 19m 11m S 40.3 0.1 11:48.79 postmaster 18671 postgres 20 0 219m 14m 9m S 39.4 0.0 60:53.21 postmaster 26168 postgres 20 0 219m 15m 10m S 38.4 0.0 59:04.55 postmaster Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 195.97 M/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 17962 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.83 M/s 0.00 % 0.25 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17084 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.53 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17963 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.00 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17188 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.80 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17964 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.50 M/s 0.00 % 0.24 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18664 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.13 M/s 0.00 % 0.23 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17088 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.71 M/s 0.00 % 0.13 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18688 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.72 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 24767 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 14.93 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18671 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 16.14 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 17057 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 13.58 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 26168 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.50 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle 18660 be/4 postgres 0.00 B/s 15.85 M/s 0.00 % 0.00 % postgres: aggw aggw [local] idle

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• Disk IO causing high load on Xen/CentOS guest

  - by Peter Lindqvist

  I'm having serious issues with a xen based server, this is on the guest partition. It's a paravirtualized CentOS 5.5. The following numbers are taken from top while copying a large file over the network. If i copy the file another time the speed decreases in relation to load average. So the second time it's half the speed of the first time. It needs some time to cool off after this. Load average slowly decreases until it's once again usable. ls / takes about 30 seconds. top - 13:26:44 up 13 days, 21:44, 2 users, load average: 7.03, 5.08, 3.15 Tasks: 134 total, 2 running, 132 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 25.3%id, 74.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.1%st Mem: 1048752k total, 1041460k used, 7292k free, 3116k buffers Swap: 2129912k total, 40k used, 2129872k free, 904740k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1506 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:03.94 cifsd 1 root 15 0 2172 644 556 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 init Meanwhile the host is ~0.5 load avg and steady over time. ~50% wait Server hardware is dual xeon, 3gb ram, 170gb scsi 320 10k rpm, and shouldn't have any problems with copying files over the network. disk = [ "tap:aio:/vm/dev01.img,xvda,w" ] I also get these in the log INFO: task syslogd:1350 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. syslogd D 00062E4F 2208 1350 1 1353 1312 (NOTLB) c0ef0ed0 00000286 6e71a411 00062e4f c0ef0f18 00000009 c0f20000 6e738bfd 00062e4f 0001e7ec c0f2010c c181a724 c1abd200 00000000 ffffffff c0ef0ecc c041a180 00000000 c0ef0ed8 c03d6a50 00000000 00000000 c03d6a00 00000000 Call Trace: [<c041a180>] __wake_up+0x2a/0x3d [<ee06a1ea>] log_wait_commit+0x80/0xc7 [jbd] [<c043128b>] autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2d [<ee065661>] journal_stop+0x195/0x1ba [jbd] [<c0490a32>] __writeback_single_inode+0x1a3/0x2af [<c04568ea>] do_writepages+0x2b/0x32 [<c045239b>] __filemap_fdatawrite_range+0x66/0x72 [<c04910ce>] sync_inode+0x19/0x24 [<ee09b007>] ext3_sync_file+0xaf/0xc4 [ext3] [<c047426f>] do_fsync+0x41/0x83 [<c04742ce>] __do_fsync+0x1d/0x2b [<c0405413>] syscall_call+0x7/0xb ======================= I have tried disabling irqbalanced as suggested here but it does not seem to make any difference.

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• Why MySQL sat for 2 minutes doing nothing?

  - by Alex R

  This was a one-time thing, not reproducible... But I saved the show innodb status output. Can anybody tell what's going on here? The simple insert took almost 3 minutes to complete. | InnoDB | | ===================================== 110201 15:58:10 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT ===================================== Per second averages calculated from the last 34 seconds ---------- SEMAPHORES ---------- OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 11963, signal count 11766 --Thread 1824 has waited at .\btr\btr0cur.c line 443 for 118.00 seconds the sema phore: S-lock on RW-latch at 09D6453C created in file .\buf\buf0buf.c line 550 a writer (thread id 1824) has reserved it in mode wait exclusive number of readers 1, waiters flag 1 Last time read locked in file .\buf\buf0flu.c line 599 Last time write locked in file .\btr\btr0cur.c line 443 Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 527817, OS waits 7133 RW-shared spins 2532, OS waits 1226; RW-excl spins 1652, OS waits 1118 ------------ TRANSACTIONS ------------ Trx id counter 0 95830 Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 95814 undo n:o < 0 0 History list length 11 LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION: ---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, OS thread id 3704 MySQL thread id 551, query id 2702112 localhost 127.0.0.1 root show innodb status ---TRANSACTION 0 95829, not started, OS thread id 3132 MySQL thread id 534, query id 2702020 localhost 127.0.0.1 root ---TRANSACTION 0 95828, not started, OS thread id 3152 MySQL thread id 527, query id 2701973 localhost 127.0.0.1 root ---TRANSACTION 0 95827, ACTIVE 118 sec, OS thread id 1824 inserting, thread decl ared inside InnoDB 500 mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 1 lock struct(s), heap size 320, 0 row lock(s) MySQL thread id 526, query id 2701972 localhost 127.0.0.1 root update INSERT INTO log_searchcriteria (userid,search_criteria,date,search_type) VALUES ( NAME_CONST('userid',NULL), NAME_CONST('search_criteria',_latin1' SELECT SQL_C ALC_FOUND_ROWS idx_search.CTCX_LATITUDE, idx_search.CTCX_LONGITUDE, idx_search.b uilding_id, idx_search.LN_LIST_NUMBER, idx_search.LP_LIST_PRICE, idx_search.HSN_ ADRESS_HOUSE_NUMBER, idx_search.STR_ADDRESS_STREET, idx_search.CP_ADDRESS_COMPAS S_POINT, idx_search.UN_UNIT, idx_search.CIT_CITY, idx_search.ZP_ZIP_CODE, idx_se arch.AR_AREA_NAME, idx_search.BR_BEDROOMS, idx_search.BTH_BATHS, idx_search.ST_S TATUS, idx_search.CTCX_STYLE_TYPE, idx_s -------- FILE I/O -------- I/O thread 0 state: wait Windows aio (insert buffer thread) I/O thread 1 state: wait Windows aio (log thread) I/O thread 2 state: wait Windows aio (read thread) I/O thread 3 state: wait Windows aio (write thread) Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 1, ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0 Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0 151006 OS file reads, 120758 OS file writes, 6844 OS fsyncs 0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 0.00 writes/s, 0.00 fsyncs/s ------------------------------------- INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX ------------------------------------- Ibuf: size 1, free list len 5, seg size 7, 24664 inserts, 24664 merged recs, 4612 merges Hash table size 553253, node heap has 629 buffer(s) 0.00 hash searches/s, 0.00 non-hash searches/s --- LOG --- Log sequence number 5 2318193115 Log flushed up to 5 2318193115 Last checkpoint at 5 2318129891 0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes 3036 log i/o's done, 0.00 log i/o's/second ---------------------- BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY ---------------------- Total memory allocated 213459462; in additional pool allocated 1720192 Dictionary memory allocated 240416 Buffer pool size 8192 Free buffers 0 Database pages 7563 Modified db pages 18 Pending reads 0 Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 18, single page 0 Pages read 150973, created 28788, written 115137 0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 0.00 writes/s No buffer pool page gets since the last printout -------------- ROW OPERATIONS -------------- 1 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue 1 read views open inside InnoDB Main thread id 2992, state: flushing buffer pool pages Number of rows inserted 794294, updated 89203, deleted 13698, read 1453084305 0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 0.00 reads/s ---------------------------- END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT ============================ Thanks

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• Ubuntu Server 12.04 CPU Load

  - by zertux

  I have a Server (2x Hexa-Core Xeon E5649 2.53GHz w/HT with 32GB RAM and 20000 GB Bandwidth) running Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS. The server runs LAMP and serves one website only, the estimated number of users is to be ~ 15,000 at the same time. At the moment i have around 2000 users online each of them runs 50 MySQL queries (small values mostly select and insert) from the beginning until the end of the session. Server CPU Load is high at this number of connections while the RAM usage is almost 1GB out of 32GB its worth mentioning that the server was running very fast with no problems at all but am concerned about the load average. http://s12.postimage.org/z7hi6mz3h/photo.png top - 03:02:43 up 9 min, 2 users, load average: 50.83, 30.14, 12.83 Tasks: 432 total, 1 running, 430 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.5%id, 33.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32939992k total, 3111604k used, 29828388k free, 84108k buffers Swap: 2048280k total, 0k used, 2048280k free, 1621640k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2860 root 20 0 25820 2288 1420 S 3 0.0 0:11.18 htop 1182 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 2 0.0 0:01.46 kjournald 1935 mysql 20 0 12.3g 161m 7924 S 1 0.5 102:31.45 mysqld 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.38 kworker/0:1 1822 www-data 20 0 247m 25m 4188 D 0 0.1 0:01.81 apache2 2920 www-data 20 0 0 0 0 Z 0 0.0 0:01.20 apache2 <defunct> 2942 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3056 D 0 0.1 0:00.20 apache2 3516 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3028 D 0 0.1 0:00.06 apache2 3521 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3020 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 3664 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3132 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 3674 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3252 D 0 0.1 0:00.06 apache2 3713 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3040 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 1 root 20 0 24328 2284 1344 S 0 0.0 0:03.09 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0 root@server:~/codes# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 19 0 0 29684012 86112 1689844 0 0 19 590 254 231 48 0 47 5 23 0 0 29704812 86128 1697672 0 0 4 320 11100 8121 77 1 22 0 33 0 0 29671044 86156 1705308 0 0 0 5440 13190 9140 95 1 4 0 33 3 0 29670088 86160 1706288 0 0 0 32932 12275 7297 99 0 1 0 35 0 0 29693456 86188 1710724 0 0 4 676 12701 7867 98 1 1 0 ^C I have not changed any of the default configurations that comes with Ubuntu. Is this load normal for such powerful server ? is there any optimization i can make to Apache/MySQL to minimize the load ? What do you recommend ?

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• Wireless traffic stops when downloading large files at high speed: packets lost (Linksys WRT120N router)

  - by Torious

  The problem Note: First I'd like to understand WHY this is happening. Ofcourse, a solution would be nice too. :) When downloading a large file over HTTP at high-speeds, my wireless traffic basically stops: I can't open webpages and the download itself pauses. It pauses pretty much immediately after starting it; sometimes at 800 KB, sometimes at a few MB. After some time, the download (and other traffic) resumes, but the problem keeps reoccurring during the same download. The problem does not occur when using a wired connection through the same router (Linskys WRT120N). Also note that the connection is not dropped when this happens. It's just that the traffic stops and I can't browse to web pages, etc. (SYN packets are sent but nothing is received, etc.) Inspection with Wireshark shows that the following happens: Server sends data packets which are acknowledged by client Server sends a packet, but SEQ indicates some packets were lost (6 packets in one occurrence). Server sends a few more packets and client acknowledges these using "selective acknowledgement" Server stops sending data for a while (since the lost packets were not acknowledged or the router stops forwarding them?) Eventually, server does a "retransmission" and traffic resumes as normal. This all seems normal behavior to me when packet loss occurs. It's the consistent packet loss throughout a large, high-speed download that puzzles me. What might cause this? My own idea is the following: My internet is pretty fast (100 mbps), so when starting a large-file download, the router buffers the incoming data (since wireless introduces some slight delay / lower speed, in part due to other networks), but the buffer overflows and the router drops packets to regulate traffic (and because it has no choice). But how could that happen? Doesn't the TCP window size limit the amount of data that can go unacknowledged? So how can the router's buffer overflow if there can only be like 64 KB waiting to be acknowledged? Note: I've disabled TCP window scaling and dynamic window size through netsh options, in an attempt to fix this, but it doesn't seem to matter. Also, Wireshark shows a pattern of the server sending 2 packets (of 1514 bytes) and the client sending an ACK, so does that rule out a possible buffer overflow? And a few more subsequent packets are received... I'm at a loss here. Thanks for any insights. Things that are (probably) NOT the cause / I have experimented with The browser Various TCP options in Windows 7 (netsh etc.) Router settings such as MTU, beacon interval, UPnP, ...

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• load-causing processes disappearing from "top" ps -o pcpu shows bogus numbers

  - by Alec Matusis

  I administer a large number of servers, and I have this problem only with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS: I run a server under normal load (say load average 3.0 on an 8-core server). The "top" command shows processes taking certain % of CPU that cause this load average: say PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 11008 mysql 20 0 25.9g 22g 5496 S 67 76.0 643539:38 mysqld ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 53.1 11008 , everything is consistent. The all of the sudden, the process causing the load average disappears from "top", but the process continues to run normally (albeit with a slight performance decrease), and the system load average becomes somewhat higher. The output of ps -o pcpu becomes bogus: # ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 317910278 1587 This happened to at least 5 different severs (different brand new IBM System X hardware), each running different software: one httpd 2.2, one mysqld 5.1, and one Twisted Python TCP servers. Each time the kernel was between 2.6.32-32-server and 2.6.32-40-server. I updated some machines to 2.6.32-41-server, and it has not happened on those yet, but the bug is rare (once every 60 days or so). This is from an affected machine: top - 10:39:06 up 73 days, 17:57, 3 users, load average: 6.62, 5.60, 5.34 Tasks: 207 total, 2 running, 205 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 11.4%us, 18.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.3%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 74341464k total, 71985004k used, 2356460k free, 236456k buffers Swap: 3906552k total, 328k used, 3906224k free, 24838212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 805 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 3 0.0 1493:09 fct0-worker 982 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 111:35.05 fioa-data-groom 914 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 884:42.71 fct1-worker 1068 root 20 0 19364 1496 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.02 top Nothing causing high load is showing on top, but I have two highly loaded mysqld instances on it, that suddenly show crazy %CPU: #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1587 %CPU PID CMD 317713124 1587 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld and #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1624 %CPU PID CMD 2802 1624 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld Here are the numbers from # cat /proc/1587/stat 1587 (mysqld) S 1212 1088 1088 0 -1 4202752 14307313 0 162 0 85773299069 4611685932654088833 0 0 20 0 52 0 3549 27255418880 5483524 18446744073709551615 4194304 11111617 140733749236976 140733749235984 8858659 0 552967 4102 26345 18446744073709551615 0 0 17 5 0 0 0 0 0 the 14th and 15th numbers according to man proc are supposed to be utime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). This includes guest time, guest_time (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so that applications that are not aware of the guest time field do not lose that time from their calculations. stime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). On a normal server, these numbers are advancing, every time I check the /proc/PID/stat. On a buggy server, these numbers are stuck at a ridiculously high value like 4611685932654088833, and it's not changing. Has anyone encountered this bug?

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• Innodb Queries Slow

  - by user105196

  I have redHat 5.3 (Tikanga) with Mysql 5.0.86 configued with RIAD 10 HW, I run an application inquiries from Mysql/InnoDB and MyIsam tables, the queries are super fast,but some quires on Innodb tables sometime slow down and took more than 1-3 seconds to run and these queries are simple and optimized, this problem occurred just on innodb tables in different time with random queries. Why is this happening only to Innodb tables? the below is the Innodb status and some Mysql variables: show innodb status\G ************* 1. row ************* Status: 120325 10:54:08 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT Per second averages calculated from the last 19 seconds SEMAPHORES OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 22943, signal count 22947 Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 561745, OS waits 7664 RW-shared spins 24427, OS waits 12201; RW-excl spins 1461, OS waits 1277 TRANSACTIONS Trx id counter 0 119069326 Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 119069326 undo n:o < 0 0 History list length 41 Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 0 LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION: ---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, process no 29093, OS thread id 1166043456 MySQL thread id 703985, query id 5807220 localhost root show innodb status FILE I/O I/O thread 0 state: waiting for i/o request (insert buffer thread) I/O thread 1 state: waiting for i/o request (log thread) I/O thread 2 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread) I/O thread 3 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread) Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 0, ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0 Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0 132777 OS file reads, 689086 OS file writes, 252010 OS fsyncs 0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 0.00 writes/s, 0.00 fsyncs/s INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX Ibuf: size 1, free list len 366, seg size 368, 62237 inserts, 62237 merged recs, 52881 merges Hash table size 8850487, used cells 3698960, node heap has 7061 buffer(s) 0.00 hash searches/s, 0.00 non-hash searches/s LOG Log sequence number 15 3415398745 Log flushed up to 15 3415398745 Last checkpoint at 15 3415398745 0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes 218214 log i/o's done, 0.00 log i/o's/second BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY Total memory allocated 4798817080; in additional pool allocated 12342784 Buffer pool size 262144 Free buffers 101603 Database pages 153480 Modified db pages 0 Pending reads 0 Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0 Pages read 151954, created 1526, written 494505 0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 0.00 writes/s No buffer pool page gets since the last printout ROW OPERATIONS 0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue 1 read views open inside InnoDB Main thread process no. 29093, id 1162049856, state: waiting for server activity Number of rows inserted 77675, updated 85439, deleted 0, read 14377072495 0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 0.00 reads/s END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.02 sec) read_buffer_size = 128M sort_buffer_size = 256M tmp_table_size = 1024M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M innodb_log_file_size=10M innodb_lock_wait_timeout=100 innodb_buffer_pool_size=4G join_buffer_size = 128M key_buffer_size = 1G can any one help me ?

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• many unknow process name as "sudo"

  - by joaner

  my server free memoney is less and less, And many process COMMAND are"sudo" when use top and enter M. I don't understand root user need to use "sudo". I want to know the way these processes are generated ? Can I kill ? Tasks: 185 total, 1 running, 184 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3967848k total, 3484196k used, 483652k free, 218532k buffers Swap: 4112376k total, 0k used, 4112376k free, 2932864k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22219 mysql 20 0 582m 67m 5492 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.75 mysqld 22337 daemon 20 0 327m 31m 3440 S 0.0 0.8 0:01.58 httpd 22252 daemon 20 0 321m 26m 3416 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.25 httpd 22263 daemon 20 0 319m 23m 3396 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.71 httpd 22253 daemon 20 0 310m 18m 3444 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.69 httpd 22251 root 20 0 28392 12m 3640 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 httpd 2422 root 20 0 9192 3608 2184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.32 ssh 13613 root 20 0 38220 3572 1044 S 0.0 0.1 0:22.31 rsyslogd 2423 root 20 0 11556 3420 2692 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 sshd 22570 root 20 0 11716 3408 2676 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 sshd 3351 root 20 0 10384 2540 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 30870 root 20 0 10384 2528 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 14356 dkim-mil 20 0 49664 2444 1468 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 dkim-filter 2085 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7741 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29838 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2006 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29747 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30602 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30935 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2259 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2503 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2515 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7718 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7745 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29845 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30172 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30352 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30548 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30598 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30897 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30899 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo

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• Hyper-V Ubuntu Networking Problems Copying Large Amounts of Data

  - by Anonymous

  I am trying to copy a large amount (about 50 GB) of data over my network from a Hyper-V-hosted virtual machine running Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) to another (non-virtual) Ubuntu host that I plan to use for testing upgrades to one of our web applications. The problem I am having is with the virtual machine, which I shall refer to in what follows as "source.host". This machine is running 64-bit Ubuntu Server with the 2.6.38-8-server kernel and the Microsoft Linux Integration Components for Hyper-V kernel modules (hv_utils, hv_timesource, hv_netvsc, hv_blkvsc, hv_storvsc, and hv_vmbus) loaded. It uses a Hyper-V "synthetic network adapter" for its networking interface. To do the copy, I log on to the machine with the data and run the following commands (Call the remote machine "destination.host".): $ cd /path/to/data $ tar -cvf - datafolder/ | ssh [email protected] "cat > ~/data.tar" This runs for a while and then suddenly stops after transferring somewhere from 2-6 GB. The terminal on the source.host machine displays a Write failed: broken pipe error. The odd part is this: after this occurs, the "source.host" machine is no longer able to talk to the rest of the network. I cannot ping any other hosts on the network from the "source.host" machine, and I cannot ping the "source.host" machine from any other host on the network. I am equally unable to access the any of the web services hosted on "source.host". Running ifconfig on "source.host" shows the network adapter to be up and running as usual with the correct IP address and everything. I tried restarting the networking service with $ /etc/init.d/networking restart but the problem does not go away. Restarting the machine makes it capable of talking to the network again -- it can ping and be pinged by other hosts, and the web services are also accessible and usable as normal -- but attempting the copy operation again results in the same failure, requiring another restart. As an experiment, I tried replacing the tar -- ssh pipeline above with a straight scp: $ scp -r datafolder/ [email protected]:~ but to no avail Thinking that the issue might have to do with the kernel packet-send buffers filling up, I tried increasing the buffer size to 12 MB (up from the 128 KB default) with # echo 12582911 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max but this also had no effect. I'm guessing at this point that it might be a problem with the Microsoft synthetic network driver, but I don't really know. Does anyone have any suggestions? Thank you very much in advance!

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