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  • django modeling

    - by SledgehammerPL
    Concept: Drinks are made of components. E.g. 10ml of Vodka. In some receipt the component is very particular (10ml of Finlandia Vodka), some not (10 ml of ANY Vodka). I wonder how to model a component to solve this problem - on stock I have particular product, which can satisfy more requirements. The model for now is: class Receipt(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) (...) components = models.ManyToManyField(Product, through='ReceiptComponent') def __unicode__(self): return self.name class ReceiptComponent(models.Model): product = models.ForeignKey(Product) receipt = models.ForeignKey(Receipt) quantity = models.FloatField(max_length=9) unit = models.ForeignKey(Unit) class Admin: pass def __unicode__(self): return unicode(self.quantity!=0 and self.quantity or '') + ' ' + unicode(self.unit) + ' ' + self.product.genitive class Product(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 128) (...) class Admin: pass def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Stock(Store): products = models.ManyToManyField(Product) class Admin: pass def __unicode__(self): return self.name I think about making some table which joins real product (on stock) with abstract product (receiptcomponent). But maybe there's easy solution?

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  • Rails: updating an association

    - by Sam
    I have a Reservation model which belongs_to a Sharedorder and so a Sharedorder has_many reservations. Give you a little background. I sharedorder has many reservations and each reservation can have an amount. A sharedorder has three status: 1) reserved, 2) confirmed, 3) and purchased. Here is my problem. When a reservation gets added to a sharedorder or an existing reservation's amount is updated I need this to affect the associated sharedoder because the status listed latter should only change when 100% of the reservations have been placed and so on. Here are the things I have tried: . class Reservation < ActiveRecord::Base before_save :sharedorder_reserved_status def sharedorder_reserved_status if self.sharedorder.reserved_percent(reservations_to_be_added) >= 100 && !self.sharedorder.reserved self.sharedorder.update_attribute(:reserved, true) self.sharedorder.update_attribute(:reserved_at, Time.now) end end def reservations_to_be_added if self.new_record? self.amount elsif self.amount_changed? self.amount - self.amount_was else 0 end end end And then in the Sharedorder model: class Sharedorder < ActiveRecord::Base def reserved_percent(amount_change) (((reserved_sum + amount_change).to_f / self.product.twenty_hq_size.to_f)*100).to_i end def reserved_sum if !@reserved_sum reserved_sum = 0 reserved_reservations.collect {|x| reserved_sum += x.amount } reserved_sum else @reserved_sum end end def reserved_reservations @reserved_reservations ||= Reservation.find(:all, :conditions => ['canceled = ? AND sharedorder_id = ?', false, self.id ]) end end I have also tried :touch => true on the reservation model to update the sharedorder put for some reason it doesn't seem to include the latest reservation being added or being updated. So what I'm trying to do is update the status of the sharedorder if a certain percent is reached and I have to send the additional amounts the the sharedorder for it to know to include additional reservations or updates on existing ones. How should I do this?

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  • C# style properties in python

    - by 3D-Grabber
    I am looking for a way to define properties in Python similar to C#, with nested get/set definitions. This is how far I got: #### definition #### def Prop(fcn): f = fcn() return property(f['get'], f['set']) #### test #### class Example(object): @Prop def myattr(): def get(self): return self._value def set(self, value): self._value = value return locals() # <- how to get rid of this? e = Example() e.myattr = 'somevalue' print e.myattr The problem with this is, that it still needs the definition to 'return locals()'. Is there a way to get rid of it? Maybe with a nested decorator?

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  • getting Cannot identify image file when trying to create thumbnail in django

    - by Mo J. Mughrabi
    Am trying to create a thumbnail in django, am trying to build a custom class specifically to be used for generating thumbnails. As following from StringIO import StringIO from PIL import Image class Thumbnail(object): source = '' size = (50, 50) output = '' def __init__(self): pass @staticmethod def load(src): self = Thumbnail() self.source = src return self def generate(self, size=(50, 50)): if not isinstance(size, tuple): raise Exception('Thumbnail class: The size parameter must be an instance of a tuple.') self.size = size # resize properties box = self.size factor = 1 fit = True image = Image.open(self.source) # Convert to RGB if necessary if image.mode not in ('L', 'RGB'): image = image.convert('RGB') while image.size[0]/factor > 2*box[0] and image.size[1]*2/factor > 2*box[1]: factor *=2 if factor > 1: image.thumbnail((image.size[0]/factor, image.size[1]/factor), Image.NEAREST) #calculate the cropping box and get the cropped part if fit: x1 = y1 = 0 x2, y2 = image.size wRatio = 1.0 * x2/box[0] hRatio = 1.0 * y2/box[1] if hRatio > wRatio: y1 = int(y2/2-box[1]*wRatio/2) y2 = int(y2/2+box[1]*wRatio/2) else: x1 = int(x2/2-box[0]*hRatio/2) x2 = int(x2/2+box[0]*hRatio/2) image = image.crop((x1,y1,x2,y2)) #Resize the image with best quality algorithm ANTI-ALIAS image.thumbnail(box, Image.ANTIALIAS) # save image to memory temp_handle = StringIO() image.save(temp_handle, 'png') temp_handle.seek(0) self.output = temp_handle return self def get_output(self): return self.output.read() the purpose of the class is so i can use it inside different locations to generate thumbnails on the fly. The class works perfectly, I've tested it directly under a view.. I've implemented the thumbnail class inside the save method of the forms to resize the original images on saving. in my design, I have two fields for thumbnails. I was able to generate one thumbnail, if I try to generate two it crashes and I've been stuck for hours not sure whats the problem. Here is my model class Image(models.Model): article = models.ForeignKey(Article) title = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True) src = models.ImageField(upload_to='publication/image/') r128 = models.ImageField(upload_to='publication/image/128/', blank=True, null=True) r200 = models.ImageField(upload_to='publication/image/200/', blank=True, null=True) uploaded_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) Here is my forms class ImageForm(models.ModelForm): """ """ class Meta: model = Image fields = ('src',) def save(self, commit=True): instance = super(ImageForm, self).save(commit=True) file = Thumbnail.load(instance.src) instance.r128 = SimpleUploadedFile( instance.src.name, file.generate((128, 128)).get_output(), content_type='image/png' ) instance.r200 = SimpleUploadedFile( instance.src.name, file.generate((200, 200)).get_output(), content_type='image/png' ) if commit: instance.save() return instance the strange part is, when i remove the line which contains instance.r200 in the form save. It works fine, and it does the thumbnail and stores it successfully. Once I add the second thumbnail it fails.. Any ideas what am doing wrong here? Thanks Update: I tried earlier doing the following but I still got the same error class ImageForm(models.ModelForm): """ """ class Meta: model = Image fields = ('src',) def save(self, commit=True): instance = super(ImageForm, self).save(commit=True) instance.r128 = SimpleUploadedFile( instance.src.name, Thumbnail.load(instance.src).generate((128, 128)).get_output(), content_type='image/png' ) instance.r200 = SimpleUploadedFile( instance.src.name, Thumbnail.load(instance.src).generate((200, 200)).get_output(), content_type='image/png' ) if commit: instance.save() return instance

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  • Dynamically calling functions - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have a list of functions... e.g. def filter_bunnies(pets): ... def filter_turtles(pets): ... def filter_narwhals(pets): ... Is there a way to call these functions by using a string representing their name? e.g. 'filter_bunnies', 'filter_turtles', 'filter_narwhals'

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  • Scala: can't write setter without getter?

    - by IttayD
    This works: class ButtonCountObserver { private var cnt = 0 // private field def count = cnt // reader method def count_=(newCount: Int) = cnt = newCount // writer method // ... } val b = new ButtonCountObserver b.count = 0 But this doesn't class ButtonCountObserver { private var cnt = 0 // private field def count_=(newCount: Int) = cnt = newCount // writer method // ... } val b = new ButtonCountObserver b.count = 0 I get: error: value count is not a member of ButtonCountObserver Is it possible to create a setter (with the syntactic sugar) without a getter?

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  • How do "and" and "or" work when combined in one statement?

    - by orokusaki
    For some reason this function confused me: def protocol(port): return port == "443" and "https://" or "http://" Can somebody explain the order of what's happening behind the scenes to make this work the way it does. I understood it as this until I tried it: Either A) def protocol(port): if port == "443": if bool("https://"): return True elif bool("http://"): return True return False Or B) def protocol(port): if port == "443": return True + "https://" else: return True + "http://" Is this some sort of special case in Python, or am I completely misunderstanding how statements work?

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  • threading.Event wait function not signaled when subclassing Process class

    - by user1313404
    For following code never gets past the wait function in run. I'm certain I'm doing something ridiculously stupid, but since I'm not smart enough to figure out what, I'm asking. Any help is appreciated. Here is the code: import threading import multiprocessing from multiprocessing import Process class SomeClass(Process): def __init__(self): Process.__init__(self) self.event = threading.Event() self.event.clear() def continueExec(self): print multiprocessing.current_process().name print self print "Set:" + str(self.event.is_set()) self.event.set() print "Set:" + str(self.event.is_set()) def run(self): print "I'm running with it" print multiprocessing.current_process().name self.event.wait() print "I'm further than I was" print multiprocessing.current_process().name self.event.clear() def main(): s_list = [] for t in range(3): s = SomeClass() print "s:" + str(s) s_list.append(s) s.start() raw_input("Press enter to send signal") for t in range(3): print "s_list["+str(t)+"]:" + str(s_list[t]) s_list[t].continueExec() raw_input("Press enter to send signal") for t in range(3): s_list[t].join() print "All Done" if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • Is there a way to convert code to a string and vice versa in Python?

    - by Dragos Toader
    The original question was: Is there a way to declare macros in Python as they are declared in C: #define OBJWITHSIZE(_x) (sizeof _x)/(sizeof _x[0]) Here's what I'm trying to find out: Is there a way to avoid code duplication in Python? In one part of a program I'm writing, I have a function: def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) In another part, I've got this code embedded in a string that will later be output to a python file that will itself be run: """ def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) """ How can I build a "macro" that will avoid this duplication?

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  • How do I avoid a race condition in my Rails app?

    - by Cathal
    Hi, I have a really simple Rails application that allows users to register their attendance on a set of courses. The ActiveRecord models are as follows: class Course < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :scheduled_runs ... end class ScheduledRun < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :course has_many :attendances has_many :attendees, :through => :attendances ... end class Attendance < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :scheduled_run, :counter_cache => true ... end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :attendances has_many :registered_courses, :through => :attendances, :source => :scheduled_run end A ScheduledRun instance has a finite number of places available, and once the limit is reached, no more attendances can be accepted. def full? attendances_count == capacity end attendances_count is a counter cache column holding the number of attendance associations created for a particular ScheduledRun record. My problem is that I don't fully know the correct way to ensure that a race condition doesn't occur when 1 or more people attempt to register for the last available place on a course at the same time. My Attendance controller looks like this: class AttendancesController < ApplicationController before_filter :load_scheduled_run before_filter :load_user, :only => :create def new @user = User.new end def create unless @user.valid? render :action => 'new' end @attendance = @user.attendances.build(:scheduled_run_id => params[:scheduled_run_id]) if @attendance.save flash[:notice] = "Successfully created attendance." redirect_to root_url else render :action => 'new' end end protected def load_scheduled_run @run = ScheduledRun.find(params[:scheduled_run_id]) end def load_user @user = User.create_new_or_load_existing(params[:user]) end end As you can see, it doesn't take into account where the ScheduledRun instance has already reached capacity. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Python Etiquette: Importing Modules

    - by F3AR3DLEGEND
    Say I have two Python modules: module1.py: import module2 def myFunct(): print "called from module1" module2.py: def myFunct(): print "called from module2" def someFunct(): print "also called from module2" If I import module1, is it better etiquette to re-import module2, or just refer to it as module1.module2? For example (someotherfile.py): import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module1.module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" I can also do this: module2 = module1.module2. Now, I can directly call module2.myFunct(). However, I can change module1.py to: from module2 import * def myFunct(): print "called from module1" Now, in someotherfile.py, I can do this: import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1"; overrides module2 module1.someFunct() # prints "also called from module2" Also, by importing *, help('module1') shows all of the functions from module2. On the other hand, (assuming module1.py uses import module2), I can do: someotherfile.py: import module1, module2 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" Again, which is better etiquette and practice? To import module2 again, or to just refer to module1's importation?

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  • how to download data which upload to gae ,

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code : import os from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext import db #from login import htmlPrefix,get_current_user class MyModel(db.Model): blob = db.BlobProperty() class BaseRequestHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def render_template(self, filename, template_args=None): if not template_args: template_args = {} path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates', filename) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_args)) class upload(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): self.render_template('index.html',) def post(self): file=self.request.get('file') obj = MyModel() obj.blob = db.Blob(file.encode('utf8')) obj.put() self.response.out.write('upload ok') class download(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): #id=self.request.get('id') o = MyModel.all().get() #self.response.out.write(''.join('%s: %s <br/>' % (a, getattr(o, a)) for a in dir(o))) self.response.out.write(o) application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [ ('/?', upload), ('/download',download), ], debug=True ) def main(): run_wsgi_app(application) if __name__ == "__main__": main() my index.html is : <form action="/" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> and it show : <__main__.MyModel object at 0x02506830> but ,i don't want to see this , i want to download it , how to change my code to run, thanks

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  • declerative_authorization on User problem

    - by Webpain
    I am trying to block all default methods except create and update in my users controller using declerative_authorization. But at the time I add filter_resource_access or filter_access_to into my usersController i always get "Couldn't find User without an ID". Anyone care to explain why this could be happening? class UsersController :new end end def show @user = @current_user end def edit @user = @current_user end def update @user = @current_user # makes our views "cleaner" and more consistent if @user.update_attributes(params[:user]) flash[:notice] = "Account updated!" redirect_to account_url else render :action = :edit end end end

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • decorating a function and adding functionalities preserving the number of argument

    - by pygabriel
    I'd like to decorate a function, using a pattern like this: def deco(func): def wrap(*a,**kw): print "do something" return func(*a,**kw) return wrap The problem is that if the function decorated has a prototype like that: def function(a,b,c): return When decorated, the prototype is destroyed by the varargs, for example, calling function(1,2,3,4) wouldn't result in an exception. Is that a way to avoid that? How can define the wrap function with the same prototype as the decorated (func) one? There's something conceptually wrong?

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  • Accessing vars from another clojure namespace?

    - by erikcw
    In my main namespace, I have a top level var named "settings" which is initialized as an empty {}. My -main fn sets the contents of settings using def and conj based on some command line args (different database hosts for production/development, etc). I'm trying to access the contents of this map from another namespace to pull out some of the settings. When I try to compile with lein into an uberjar, I get a traceback saying "No such var: lb/settings". What am I missing? Is there a more idiomatic way to handle app wide settings such as these? Is it safe to use "def" inside of -main like I am, or should I be use an atom or ref to make this threadsafe? Thanks! (ns main (:use ...) (:gen-class)) (def settings {}) (defn -main [& args] (with-command-line-args... ;set devel? based on args (if (true? devel?) (def settings (conj settings {:mongodb {:host "127.0.0.1"} :memcached {:host "127.0.0.1"}})) (def settings (conj settings {:mongodb {:host "PRODUCTION_IP"} :memcached {:host "PRODUCTION_IP"}}))) ;file2.clj (ns some-other-namespace (:require [main :as lb] ...) ;configure MongoDB (congo/mongo! :db "dbname" :host (:host (mongodb lb/settings)))) ...

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  • PyQt signal between QObjects

    - by geho
    I'm trying to make a view and controller in PyQt where the view is emitting a custom signal when a button is clicked, and the controller has one of its methods connected to the emitted signal. It does not work, however. The respond method is not called when I click the button. Any idea what I did wrong ? import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QDialog, QApplication class TestView(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(TestView, self).__init__(parent) self.button = QPushButton('Click') layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(self.button) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(self.button, SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.buttonClicked) def buttonClicked(self): self.emit(SIGNAL('request')) class TestController(QObject): def __init__(self, view): self.view = view self.connect(self.view, SIGNAL('request'), self.respond) def respond(self): print 'respond' app = QApplication(sys.argv) dialog = TestView() controller = TestController(dialog) dialog.show() app.exec_()

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  • Create comma separated string from 2 lists the groovy way

    - by Micor
    What I have so far is: def imageColumns = ["products_image", "procuts_subimage1", "products_subimage2", "prodcuts_subimage3", "products_subimage4"] def imageValues = ["1.jpg","2.jpg","3.jpg"] def imageColumnsValues = [] // only care for columns with values imageValues.eachWithIndex { image,i -> imageColumnsValues << "${imageColumns[i]} = '${image}'" } println imageColumnValuePair.join(", ") It works but I think it could be better. Wish there was a collectWithIndex ... Any suggestions?

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  • How to return string name of calling method?

    - by keruilin
    Right now my code works as such: def method_a self.method_b ==> 'method_b' end def method_b puts self.name_of_calling_method end def name_of_calling_method if /`(.*)'/.match(caller.first) return $1 else return nil end end Instead of method_b printing 'method_b', how can I print the name of the calling method - 'method_a'?

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  • Writing Ruby Libraries - hiding methods from outside the module

    - by JP
    Hi all, I'm writing a Ruby library which has a module with a bunch of classes inside it. Many of these classes need to be usable and modifiable by calling scripts, but I don't want (some of) the initializers to be visible/callable: module MyLib class Control def initialize # They can use this end def do_stuff Helper.new('things') end end class Helper # Shouldn't be visible def initialize(what) @what = what end def shout @what end end end c = MyLib::Control.new h = c.do_stuff p h.shout # => "things" # ^ All of this is desired # v This is undesirable p MyLib::Helper.new('!') # => <MyLib::Helper @what='!'> If it's a simple thing, then I'd also appreciate the generated RDoc not even include the .new method for the Helper class either. Any ideas? Thanks for reading!

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  • How do I make lambda functions generic in Scala?

    - by Electric Coffee
    As most of you probably know you can define functions in 2 ways in scala, there's the 'def' method and the lambda method... making the 'def' kind generic is fairly straight forward def someFunc[T](a: T) { // insert body here what I'm having trouble with here is how to make the following generic: val someFunc = (a: Int) => // insert body here of course right now a is an integer, but what would I need to do to make it generic? val someFunc[T] = (a: T) => doesn't work, neither does val someFunc = [T](a: T) => Is it even possible to make them generic, or should I just stick to the 'def' variant?

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  • Access to an "upper" instance of a class from another instance of a different class

    - by BorrajaX
    Hello everyone! I have a tricky question and probably what I want to do is not even possible but... who knows... Python seems very flexible and powerful... I'd like to know if there's a way to access to the class (or its fields) where an object is instanciated. Let's say I have: def Class1: def __init__(self): self.title = "randomTitle" self.anotherField = float() self.class2Field = Class2() and the class whose type will be the class2Field: def Class2: def __init__(self): self.field1 = "" self.field2 = "" # . . . # I'd like to know if there's a way to access the instance of Class1 from the instance of Class2 that is declared in Class1 (meaning, accessing the fields of Class1 from the variable self.class2Field in that Class1 instance) I know I can always change the init in Class2 to accept a Class1 parameter, but I'd like to know if there's another way of "climbing" through the class hierachy... Thank you very much!

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  • Good practice of using list of function in Python

    - by riskio
    I am pretty new to python and I discovered by myself that I can create a list of function and call with a for loop. example: def a(args): print "A" def b(args): print "B" def c(args): print "C " + str(args) functions = [a,b,c] for i in functions: i(1) So, my question is: is there any good practice or elegant way to use list of functions and what is a good use of all this? (do have a particular name the "list of functions"?) thank you

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  • why am i getting StackOverflowError?

    - by IttayD
    In groovyConsole I have this: import groovy.util.* import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.* def gse = new GroovyScriptEngine("c:\\temp") def script = gse.loadScriptByName("say.groovy") this.metaClass.mixin script say("bye") say.groovy contains def say(String msg) { println(msg) }

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  • In Lua, how to pass vararg to another function while also taking a peek at them?

    - by romkyns
    It seems that in Lua, I can either pass vararg on to another function, or take a peek at them through arg, but not both. Here's an example: function a(marker, ...) print(marker) print(#arg, arg[1],arg[2]) end function b(marker, ...) print(marker) destination("--2--", ...) end function c(marker, ...) print(marker) print(#arg, arg[1],arg[2]) destination("--3--", ...) end function destination(marker, ...) print(marker) print(#arg, arg[1],arg[2]) end Observe that a only looks at the varargs, b only passes them on, while c does both. Here are the results: >> a("--1--", "abc", "def") --1-- 2 abc def >> b("--1--", "abc", "def") --1-- --2-- 2 abc def >> c("--1--", "abc", "def") --1-- test.lua:13: attempt to get length of local 'arg' (a nil value) stack traceback: ...test.lua:13: in function 'c' ...test.lua:22: in main chunk [C]: ? What am I doing wrong? Am I not supposed to combine the two? Why not?

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