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  • Is there a way to convert code to a string and vice versa in Python?

    - by Dragos Toader
    The original question was: Is there a way to declare macros in Python as they are declared in C: #define OBJWITHSIZE(_x) (sizeof _x)/(sizeof _x[0]) Here's what I'm trying to find out: Is there a way to avoid code duplication in Python? In one part of a program I'm writing, I have a function: def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) In another part, I've got this code embedded in a string that will later be output to a python file that will itself be run: """ def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) """ How can I build a "macro" that will avoid this duplication?

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  • python need some help

    - by maxt0r
    hi i have my codes i have to do a module def subjects but i cant figure out how can u help me thanks. class Enrol: def init(self, dir): def readFiles(, dir, files): for file in files: if file == "classes.txt": class_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in class_list: Enrol.class_info_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] if item[1] in Enrol.classes_dict: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]].append(item[0]) else: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]] = [item[0]] elif file == "subjects.txt": subject_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in subject_list: Enrol.subjects_dict[item[0]] = item[1] elif file == "venues.txt": venue_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in venue_list: Enrol.venues_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] elif file.endswith('.roll'): roll_list = readlines(dir+"/"+file) file = os.path.splitext(file)[0] Enrol.class_roll_dict[file] = roll_list for item in roll_list: if item in Enrol.enrolled_dict: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item].append(file) else: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item] = [file] try: os.walk(dir, _readFiles, None) except: print "directory not properly been recognise error" def subjects(what should i write here??): for name in suject_list: print name, out put should look like import enrol e = enrol.Enrol("/path/to/data") e.subjects() ['bw101', 'bw110', 'bw232', 'bw290', 'bw660']

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  • Scala: can't write setter without getter?

    - by IttayD
    This works: class ButtonCountObserver { private var cnt = 0 // private field def count = cnt // reader method def count_=(newCount: Int) = cnt = newCount // writer method // ... } val b = new ButtonCountObserver b.count = 0 But this doesn't class ButtonCountObserver { private var cnt = 0 // private field def count_=(newCount: Int) = cnt = newCount // writer method // ... } val b = new ButtonCountObserver b.count = 0 I get: error: value count is not a member of ButtonCountObserver Is it possible to create a setter (with the syntactic sugar) without a getter?

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  • How do "and" and "or" work when combined in one statement?

    - by orokusaki
    For some reason this function confused me: def protocol(port): return port == "443" and "https://" or "http://" Can somebody explain the order of what's happening behind the scenes to make this work the way it does. I understood it as this until I tried it: Either A) def protocol(port): if port == "443": if bool("https://"): return True elif bool("http://"): return True return False Or B) def protocol(port): if port == "443": return True + "https://" else: return True + "http://" Is this some sort of special case in Python, or am I completely misunderstanding how statements work?

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  • Rails: updating an association

    - by Sam
    I have a Reservation model which belongs_to a Sharedorder and so a Sharedorder has_many reservations. Give you a little background. I sharedorder has many reservations and each reservation can have an amount. A sharedorder has three status: 1) reserved, 2) confirmed, 3) and purchased. Here is my problem. When a reservation gets added to a sharedorder or an existing reservation's amount is updated I need this to affect the associated sharedoder because the status listed latter should only change when 100% of the reservations have been placed and so on. Here are the things I have tried: . class Reservation < ActiveRecord::Base before_save :sharedorder_reserved_status def sharedorder_reserved_status if self.sharedorder.reserved_percent(reservations_to_be_added) >= 100 && !self.sharedorder.reserved self.sharedorder.update_attribute(:reserved, true) self.sharedorder.update_attribute(:reserved_at, Time.now) end end def reservations_to_be_added if self.new_record? self.amount elsif self.amount_changed? self.amount - self.amount_was else 0 end end end And then in the Sharedorder model: class Sharedorder < ActiveRecord::Base def reserved_percent(amount_change) (((reserved_sum + amount_change).to_f / self.product.twenty_hq_size.to_f)*100).to_i end def reserved_sum if !@reserved_sum reserved_sum = 0 reserved_reservations.collect {|x| reserved_sum += x.amount } reserved_sum else @reserved_sum end end def reserved_reservations @reserved_reservations ||= Reservation.find(:all, :conditions => ['canceled = ? AND sharedorder_id = ?', false, self.id ]) end end I have also tried :touch => true on the reservation model to update the sharedorder put for some reason it doesn't seem to include the latest reservation being added or being updated. So what I'm trying to do is update the status of the sharedorder if a certain percent is reached and I have to send the additional amounts the the sharedorder for it to know to include additional reservations or updates on existing ones. How should I do this?

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  • How do I set up my @product=Product.find(params[:id]) to have a product_url?

    - by montooner
    Trying to recreate { script/generate scaffold }, and I've gotten thru a number of Rails basics. I suspect that I need to configure default product url somewhere. But where do I do this? Setup: Have: def edit { @product=Product.find(params[:id]) } Have edit.html.erb, with an edit form posting to action = :create Have def create { ... }, with the code redirect_to(@product, ...) Getting error: undefined method `product_url' for #< ProductsController:0x56102b0 My def update: def update @product = Product.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @product.update_attributes(params[:product]) format.html { redirect_to(@product, :notice => 'Product was successfully updated.') } format.xml { head :ok } else format.html { render :action => "edit" } format.xml { render :xml => @product.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end

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  • Exposing members or make them private in Python?

    - by deamon
    Is there a general convention about exposing members in Python classes? I know that this is a case of "it depends", but maybe there is a rule of thumb. Private member: class Node: def __init__(self): self.__childs = [] def add_childs(self, *args): self.__childs += args node = Node() node.add_childs("one", "two") Public member: class Node2: def __init__(self): self.childs = [] node2 = Node2() node2.childs += "one", "two"

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  • Dynamically calling functions - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have a list of functions... e.g. def filter_bunnies(pets): ... def filter_turtles(pets): ... def filter_narwhals(pets): ... Is there a way to call these functions by using a string representing their name? e.g. 'filter_bunnies', 'filter_turtles', 'filter_narwhals'

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  • C# style properties in python

    - by 3D-Grabber
    I am looking for a way to define properties in Python similar to C#, with nested get/set definitions. This is how far I got: #### definition #### def Prop(fcn): f = fcn() return property(f['get'], f['set']) #### test #### class Example(object): @Prop def myattr(): def get(self): return self._value def set(self, value): self._value = value return locals() # <- how to get rid of this? e = Example() e.myattr = 'somevalue' print e.myattr The problem with this is, that it still needs the definition to 'return locals()'. Is there a way to get rid of it? Maybe with a nested decorator?

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  • threading.Event wait function not signaled when subclassing Process class

    - by user1313404
    For following code never gets past the wait function in run. I'm certain I'm doing something ridiculously stupid, but since I'm not smart enough to figure out what, I'm asking. Any help is appreciated. Here is the code: import threading import multiprocessing from multiprocessing import Process class SomeClass(Process): def __init__(self): Process.__init__(self) self.event = threading.Event() self.event.clear() def continueExec(self): print multiprocessing.current_process().name print self print "Set:" + str(self.event.is_set()) self.event.set() print "Set:" + str(self.event.is_set()) def run(self): print "I'm running with it" print multiprocessing.current_process().name self.event.wait() print "I'm further than I was" print multiprocessing.current_process().name self.event.clear() def main(): s_list = [] for t in range(3): s = SomeClass() print "s:" + str(s) s_list.append(s) s.start() raw_input("Press enter to send signal") for t in range(3): print "s_list["+str(t)+"]:" + str(s_list[t]) s_list[t].continueExec() raw_input("Press enter to send signal") for t in range(3): s_list[t].join() print "All Done" if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • declerative_authorization on User problem

    - by Webpain
    I am trying to block all default methods except create and update in my users controller using declerative_authorization. But at the time I add filter_resource_access or filter_access_to into my usersController i always get "Couldn't find User without an ID". Anyone care to explain why this could be happening? class UsersController :new end end def show @user = @current_user end def edit @user = @current_user end def update @user = @current_user # makes our views "cleaner" and more consistent if @user.update_attributes(params[:user]) flash[:notice] = "Account updated!" redirect_to account_url else render :action = :edit end end end

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  • Python Etiquette: Importing Modules

    - by F3AR3DLEGEND
    Say I have two Python modules: module1.py: import module2 def myFunct(): print "called from module1" module2.py: def myFunct(): print "called from module2" def someFunct(): print "also called from module2" If I import module1, is it better etiquette to re-import module2, or just refer to it as module1.module2? For example (someotherfile.py): import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module1.module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" I can also do this: module2 = module1.module2. Now, I can directly call module2.myFunct(). However, I can change module1.py to: from module2 import * def myFunct(): print "called from module1" Now, in someotherfile.py, I can do this: import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1"; overrides module2 module1.someFunct() # prints "also called from module2" Also, by importing *, help('module1') shows all of the functions from module2. On the other hand, (assuming module1.py uses import module2), I can do: someotherfile.py: import module1, module2 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" Again, which is better etiquette and practice? To import module2 again, or to just refer to module1's importation?

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  • PyQt signal between QObjects

    - by geho
    I'm trying to make a view and controller in PyQt where the view is emitting a custom signal when a button is clicked, and the controller has one of its methods connected to the emitted signal. It does not work, however. The respond method is not called when I click the button. Any idea what I did wrong ? import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QDialog, QApplication class TestView(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(TestView, self).__init__(parent) self.button = QPushButton('Click') layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(self.button) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(self.button, SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.buttonClicked) def buttonClicked(self): self.emit(SIGNAL('request')) class TestController(QObject): def __init__(self, view): self.view = view self.connect(self.view, SIGNAL('request'), self.respond) def respond(self): print 'respond' app = QApplication(sys.argv) dialog = TestView() controller = TestController(dialog) dialog.show() app.exec_()

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  • Accessing vars from another clojure namespace?

    - by erikcw
    In my main namespace, I have a top level var named "settings" which is initialized as an empty {}. My -main fn sets the contents of settings using def and conj based on some command line args (different database hosts for production/development, etc). I'm trying to access the contents of this map from another namespace to pull out some of the settings. When I try to compile with lein into an uberjar, I get a traceback saying "No such var: lb/settings". What am I missing? Is there a more idiomatic way to handle app wide settings such as these? Is it safe to use "def" inside of -main like I am, or should I be use an atom or ref to make this threadsafe? Thanks! (ns main (:use ...) (:gen-class)) (def settings {}) (defn -main [& args] (with-command-line-args... ;set devel? based on args (if (true? devel?) (def settings (conj settings {:mongodb {:host "127.0.0.1"} :memcached {:host "127.0.0.1"}})) (def settings (conj settings {:mongodb {:host "PRODUCTION_IP"} :memcached {:host "PRODUCTION_IP"}}))) ;file2.clj (ns some-other-namespace (:require [main :as lb] ...) ;configure MongoDB (congo/mongo! :db "dbname" :host (:host (mongodb lb/settings)))) ...

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  • decorating a function and adding functionalities preserving the number of argument

    - by pygabriel
    I'd like to decorate a function, using a pattern like this: def deco(func): def wrap(*a,**kw): print "do something" return func(*a,**kw) return wrap The problem is that if the function decorated has a prototype like that: def function(a,b,c): return When decorated, the prototype is destroyed by the varargs, for example, calling function(1,2,3,4) wouldn't result in an exception. Is that a way to avoid that? How can define the wrap function with the same prototype as the decorated (func) one? There's something conceptually wrong?

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  • How do I avoid a race condition in my Rails app?

    - by Cathal
    Hi, I have a really simple Rails application that allows users to register their attendance on a set of courses. The ActiveRecord models are as follows: class Course < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :scheduled_runs ... end class ScheduledRun < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :course has_many :attendances has_many :attendees, :through => :attendances ... end class Attendance < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :scheduled_run, :counter_cache => true ... end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :attendances has_many :registered_courses, :through => :attendances, :source => :scheduled_run end A ScheduledRun instance has a finite number of places available, and once the limit is reached, no more attendances can be accepted. def full? attendances_count == capacity end attendances_count is a counter cache column holding the number of attendance associations created for a particular ScheduledRun record. My problem is that I don't fully know the correct way to ensure that a race condition doesn't occur when 1 or more people attempt to register for the last available place on a course at the same time. My Attendance controller looks like this: class AttendancesController < ApplicationController before_filter :load_scheduled_run before_filter :load_user, :only => :create def new @user = User.new end def create unless @user.valid? render :action => 'new' end @attendance = @user.attendances.build(:scheduled_run_id => params[:scheduled_run_id]) if @attendance.save flash[:notice] = "Successfully created attendance." redirect_to root_url else render :action => 'new' end end protected def load_scheduled_run @run = ScheduledRun.find(params[:scheduled_run_id]) end def load_user @user = User.create_new_or_load_existing(params[:user]) end end As you can see, it doesn't take into account where the ScheduledRun instance has already reached capacity. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Good practice of using list of function in Python

    - by riskio
    I am pretty new to python and I discovered by myself that I can create a list of function and call with a for loop. example: def a(args): print "A" def b(args): print "B" def c(args): print "C " + str(args) functions = [a,b,c] for i in functions: i(1) So, my question is: is there any good practice or elegant way to use list of functions and what is a good use of all this? (do have a particular name the "list of functions"?) thank you

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  • how to download data which upload to gae ,

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code : import os from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext import db #from login import htmlPrefix,get_current_user class MyModel(db.Model): blob = db.BlobProperty() class BaseRequestHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def render_template(self, filename, template_args=None): if not template_args: template_args = {} path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates', filename) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_args)) class upload(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): self.render_template('index.html',) def post(self): file=self.request.get('file') obj = MyModel() obj.blob = db.Blob(file.encode('utf8')) obj.put() self.response.out.write('upload ok') class download(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): #id=self.request.get('id') o = MyModel.all().get() #self.response.out.write(''.join('%s: %s <br/>' % (a, getattr(o, a)) for a in dir(o))) self.response.out.write(o) application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [ ('/?', upload), ('/download',download), ], debug=True ) def main(): run_wsgi_app(application) if __name__ == "__main__": main() my index.html is : <form action="/" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> and it show : <__main__.MyModel object at 0x02506830> but ,i don't want to see this , i want to download it , how to change my code to run, thanks

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • How do I make lambda functions generic in Scala?

    - by Electric Coffee
    As most of you probably know you can define functions in 2 ways in scala, there's the 'def' method and the lambda method... making the 'def' kind generic is fairly straight forward def someFunc[T](a: T) { // insert body here what I'm having trouble with here is how to make the following generic: val someFunc = (a: Int) => // insert body here of course right now a is an integer, but what would I need to do to make it generic? val someFunc[T] = (a: T) => doesn't work, neither does val someFunc = [T](a: T) => Is it even possible to make them generic, or should I just stick to the 'def' variant?

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  • Subprocess with variables & Command from different class

    - by Pastelinux
    source: http://pastebin.com/utL7Ebeq My thinking is that if i run from controller class "main" it will allow me to take the "data" from Class "model", def "filename". It doesn't seem to work. As you can see below what i mean class Controller: def __init__(self): self.model = Model() self.view = View() def main(self): data = self.model.filename() self.view.tcpdump(data) class View: def tcpdump(self, command): subprocess.call(command.split(), shell=False) When i run my code i get this error: subprocess.call(command.split(), shell=False) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split' My guess means that its not picking up command (look at source for reference) or that its not getting command with variables. But i know the error when variables are not being picked up so i don't think it is that. My question is, from what i have thus far, how do i from "class view" grab "command" for my subprocesses to run. Thanks~ John Riselvato

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  • How to return string name of calling method?

    - by keruilin
    Right now my code works as such: def method_a self.method_b ==> 'method_b' end def method_b puts self.name_of_calling_method end def name_of_calling_method if /`(.*)'/.match(caller.first) return $1 else return nil end end Instead of method_b printing 'method_b', how can I print the name of the calling method - 'method_a'?

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  • Writing Ruby Libraries - hiding methods from outside the module

    - by JP
    Hi all, I'm writing a Ruby library which has a module with a bunch of classes inside it. Many of these classes need to be usable and modifiable by calling scripts, but I don't want (some of) the initializers to be visible/callable: module MyLib class Control def initialize # They can use this end def do_stuff Helper.new('things') end end class Helper # Shouldn't be visible def initialize(what) @what = what end def shout @what end end end c = MyLib::Control.new h = c.do_stuff p h.shout # => "things" # ^ All of this is desired # v This is undesirable p MyLib::Helper.new('!') # => <MyLib::Helper @what='!'> If it's a simple thing, then I'd also appreciate the generated RDoc not even include the .new method for the Helper class either. Any ideas? Thanks for reading!

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  • Pass Arguments to Included Module in Ruby?

    - by viatropos
    I'm hoping to implement something like all of the great plugins out there for ruby, so that you can do this: acts_as_commentable has_attached_file :avatar But I have one constraint: That helper method can only include a module; it can't define any variables or methods. The reason for this is because, I want the options hash to define something like type, and that could be converted into one of say 20 different 'workhorse' modules, all of which I could sum up in a line like this: def dynamic_method(options = {}) include ("My::Helpers::#{options[:type].to_s.camelize}").constantize(options) end Then those 'workhorses' would handle the options, doing things like: has_many "#{options[:something]}" Here's what the structure looks like, and I'm wondering if you know the missing piece in the puzzle: # 1 - The workhorse, encapsuling all dynamic variables module My::Module def self.included(base) base.extend ClassMethods base.class_eval do include InstanceMethods end end module InstanceMethods self.instance_eval %Q? def #{options[:my_method]} "world!" end ? end module ClassMethods end end # 2 - all this does is define that helper method module HelperModule def self.included(base) base.extend(ClassMethods) end module ClassMethods def dynamic_method(options = {}) # don't know how to get options through! include My::Module(options) end end end # 3 - send it to active_record ActiveRecord::Base.send(:include, HelperModule) # 4 - what it looks like class TestClass < ActiveRecord::Base dynamic_method :my_method => "hello" end puts TestClass.new.hello #=> "world!" That %Q? I'm not totally sure how to use, but I'm basically just wanting to somehow be able to pass the options hash from that helper method into the workhorse module. Is that possible? That way, the workhorse module could define all sorts of functionality, but I could name the variables whatever I wanted at runtime.

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  • Create comma separated string from 2 lists the groovy way

    - by Micor
    What I have so far is: def imageColumns = ["products_image", "procuts_subimage1", "products_subimage2", "prodcuts_subimage3", "products_subimage4"] def imageValues = ["1.jpg","2.jpg","3.jpg"] def imageColumnsValues = [] // only care for columns with values imageValues.eachWithIndex { image,i -> imageColumnsValues << "${imageColumns[i]} = '${image}'" } println imageColumnValuePair.join(", ") It works but I think it could be better. Wish there was a collectWithIndex ... Any suggestions?

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