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  • Decorator for determining HTTP response from a view

    - by polera
    I want to create a decorator that will allow me to return a raw or "string" representation of a view if a GET parameter "raw" equals "1". The concept works, but I'm stuck on how to pass context to my renderer. Here's what I have so far: from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.http import HttpResponse from django.template.loader import render_to_string def raw_response(template): def wrap(view): def response(request,*args,**kwargs): if request.method == "GET": try: if request.GET['raw'] == "1": render = HttpResponse(render_to_string(template,{}),content_type="text/plain") return render except Exception: render = render_to_response(template,{}) return render return response return wrap Currently, the {} is there just as a place holder. Ultimately, I'd like to be able to pass a dict like this: @raw_response('my_template_name.html') def view_name(request): render({"x":42}) Any assistance is appreciated.

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  • ruby in 100 minutes good_morning method issue

    - by user2525947
    I have been doing the Ruby in 100 minutes on the JumpStart labs website, and encountered a problem during part 5. I was asked to create a good_morning method that would print out a greeting such as 'Happy Monday, it's the 130 day of 2013'. Here is my current program: class PersonalChef def good_morning today = Date.today.strftime("%A") day_of_year = Date.today.yday puts "Happy#{today}! It is the #{day_of_year} day of year." return self end def make_toast(color) puts " Making your toast #{color}!" return self end def make_milkshake(flavor) puts " Making a #{flavor} milkshake!" return self end def make_eggs(quantity) puts " Making you #{quantity} eggs!" return self end end when I try to run the program load on irb( 'personal_chef.rb', frank = PersonalChef.new, frank.make_milkshake('chocolate'), etc, everything works fine until I try to type frank.good_morning into irb, which gives the following error message: NameError: uninitialized constant PersonalChef :: Date from personal_chef.rb:5: in good_morning from (irb):3 from /bin/irb:12:in '' Any help or information to help me solve this issue would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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  • How to assert certain method is called with Ruby minitest framework?

    - by steven.yang
    I want to test whether a function invokes other functions properly with minitest Ruby, but I cannot find a proper assert to test from the doc. The source code class SomeClass def invoke_function(name) name == "right" ? right () : wrong () end def right #... end def wrong #... end end The test code: describe SomeClass do it "should invoke right function" do # assert right() is called end it "should invoke other function" do # assert wrong() is called end end

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  • Rails redirections with new users and logins

    - by Kenji Crosland
    So I'm trying to get the user to return to the page they were looking at before they click "log in" This is what I got in my user application controller: def redirect_back_or_default(default) redirect_to(session[:return_to] || default) session[:return_to] = nil end And this is what I have in my sessions controller: def new @user_session = UserSession.new session[:return_to] = request.referer end end def create @user_session = UserSession.new(params[:user_session]) if @user_session.save flash[:notice] = "Login successful!" redirect_back_or_default(home_path) else render :action => :new end end This works fine most of the time but if a user logs in right after they register to the site, they will get redirected to a blank page. I imagine this is the "create" action because it was the last action before going to user sessions new. So I tried this: def new @user_session = UserSession.new unless request.referer == join_path session[:return_to] = request.referer end end And this tries to take me back to the login page after I log in. What I'd really like to do is have the user see their profile when they log in for the very first time. This wouldn't give me a user id and raised a routing error def create @user_session = UserSession.new(params[:user_session]) if @user_session.save flash[:notice] = "Login successful!" redirect_back_or_default(user_path(current_user)) else render :action => :new end end Anybody gone through these redirecting acrobatics before? I can't seem to get it to work. I'm using authlogic if that helps.

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  • A problem with assertRaises function in Python

    - by anton.k.
    Hello,guys! I am trying to run the following test self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) where test.testBasic() is class IsPrimeTest(unittest.TestCase): def assertRaises(self,exception,callable,*args,**kwargs): print('dfdf') temp = callable super().assertRaises(exception,temp,*args,**kwargs) def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) where prime is a function,and but in self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) the lambda function doesnt throws an exception after the test def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) fails Can somebody offers a solution to the problem?

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  • splat operator in groovy?

    - by IttayD
    def foo(map, name) { println(map) } foo("bar", hi: "bye") will print [hi:bye] Now I have a previous map that I wish to pass along to foo. In pseudo code, something like: def otherMap = [hi: "world"] foo("bar", hi: "bye", otherMap*) So that it prints [hi:world] This doesn't work of course. Also, trying to pass just the map mixes the order of arguments: def otherMap = [hi: "world"] foo("bar", otherMap) will print bar How can I fix this?

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  • Regex string match?

    - by Andy
    I have a long string in javascript like var string = 'abc234832748374asdf7943278934haskhjdasfhjkdfas83421def8923487234897234897'; I am trying to match like abc234832748374 and def8923487234897 - that is - I have tried like string.match(\abc[^abc]|\def[^def]|) but that doesnt get me both strings because I need numbers after them ? Basically I need abc + 8 chars after and def the 8-11 chars after ? How can I do this ?

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  • Give a reference to a python instance attribute at class definition

    - by Guenther Jehle
    I have a class with attributes which have a reference to another attribute of this class. See class Device, value1 and value2 holding a reference to interface: class Interface(object): def __init__(self): self.port=None class Value(object): def __init__(self, interface, name): self.interface=interface self.name=name def get(self): return "Getting Value \"%s\" with interface \"%s\""%(self.name, self.interface.port) class Device(object): interface=Interface() value1=Value(interface, name="value1") value2=Value(interface, name="value2") def __init__(self, port): self.interface.port=port if __name__=="__main__": d1=Device("Foo") print d1.value1.get() # >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "Foo" d2=Device("Bar") print d2.value1.get() # >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "Bar" print d1.value1.get() # >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "Bar" The last print is wrong, cause d1 should have the interface "Foo". I know whats going wrong: The line interface=Interface() line is executed, when the class definition is parsed (once). So every Device class has the same instance of interface. I could change the Device class to: class Device(object): interface=Interface() value1=Value(interface, name="value1") value2=Value(interface, name="value2") def __init__(self, port): self.interface=Interface() self.interface.port=port So this is also not working: The values still have the reference to the original interface instance and the self.interface is just another instance... The output now is: >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "None" >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "None" >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "None" So how could I solve this the pythonic way? I could setup a function in the Device class to look for attributes with type Value and reassign them the new interface. Isn't this a common problem with a typical solution for it? Thanks!

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  • Python module seeing a full list as empty in another module

    - by Nick
    I'm working on a pygame project and have the main engine layed out. The problem is I hit a bug that I just can not seem to figure out. What happens is one module can't read a variable from another module. It's not that the variable can't be read, it just sees an empty list instead of what it really is. Instead of posting the entire source code I reproduced the bug in two small snippets that hopefully a skillful python-ist can interpret in his\her head. Code: main.py (This is the file that gets run) import screen screens = [] #A stack for all the game screens def current_screen(): #return a reference to the current screen return screens[-1] def play(): print'play called' current_screen().update() if __name__=='__main__': screens.append(screen.Screen()) play() screen.py import main class Screen: def __init__(self): print'screen made' def update(self): print main.screens #Should have a reference to itself in there Thanks!

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  • Atoms and references

    - by StackedCrooked
    According to the book Programming Clojure refs manage coordinated, synchronous changes to shared state and atoms manage uncoordinated, synchronous changes to shared state. If I understood correctly "coordinated" implies multiple changes are encapsulated as one atomic operation. If that is the case then it seems to me that coordination only requires using a dosync call. For example what is the difference between: (def i (atom 0)) (def j (atom 0)) (dosync (swap! i inc) (swap! j dec)) and: (def i (ref 0)) (def j (ref 0)) (dosync (alter i inc) (alter j dec))

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  • Calling a method with getattr in Python

    - by brain_damage
    How to call a method using getattr? I want to create a metaclass, which can call non-existing methods of some other class that start with the word 'oposite_'. The method should have the same number of arguments, but to return the opposite result. def oposite(func): return lambda s, *args, **kw: not oposite(s, *args, **kw) class Negate(type): def __getattr__(self, name): if name.startswith('oposite_'): return oposite(self.__getattr__(name[8:])) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): self.__getattr__ = Negate.__getattr__ class P(metaclass=Negate): def yep(self): return True But the problem is that self.__getattr__(sth) returns a NoneType object. >>> p = P() >>> p.oposite_yep() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#115>", line 1, in <module> p.oposite_yep() TypeError: <lambda>() takes at least 1 positional argument (0 given) How to deal with this?

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  • How to specialize a type parameterized argument to multiple different types for in Scala?

    - by jmount
    I need a back-check (please). In an article ( http://www.win-vector.com/blog/2010/06/automatic-differentiation-with-scala/ ) I just wrote I stated that it is my belief in Scala that you can not specify a function that takes an argument that is itself a function with an unbound type parameter. What I mean is you can write: def g(f:Array[Double]=>Double,Array[Double]):Double but you can not write something like: def g(f[Y]:Array[Y]=>Double,Array[Double]):Double because Y is not known. The intended use is that inside g() I will specialize fY to multiple different types at different times. You can write: def g[Y](f:Array[Y]=>Double,Array[Double]):Double but then f() is of a single type per call to g() (which is exactly what we do not want). However, you can get all of the equivalent functionality by using a trait extension instead insisting on passing around a function. What I advocated in my article was: 1) Creating a trait that imitates the structure of Scala's Function1 trait. Something like: abstract trait VectorFN { def apply[Y](x:Array[Y]):Y } 2) declaring def g(f:VectorFN,Double):Double (using the trait is the type). This works (people here on StackOverflow helped me find it, and I am happy with it)- but am I mis-representing Scala by missing an even better solution?

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  • Can't iterate over a list class in Python

    - by Vicky
    I'm trying to write a simple GUI front end for Plurk using pyplurk. I have successfully got it to create the API connection, log in, and retrieve and display a list of friends. Now I'm trying to retrieve and display a list of Plurks. pyplurk provides a GetNewPlurks function as follows: def GetNewPlurks(self, since): '''Get new plurks since the specified time. Args: since: [datetime.datetime] the timestamp criterion. Returns: A PlurkPostList object or None. ''' offset = jsonizer.conv_datetime(since) status_code, result = self._CallAPI('/Polling/getPlurks', offset=offset) return None if status_code != 200 else \ PlurkPostList(result['plurks'], result['plurk_users'].values()) As you can see this returns a PlurkPostList, which in turn is defined as follows: class PlurkPostList: '''A list of plurks and the set of users that posted them.''' def __init__(self, plurk_json_list, user_json_list=[]): self._plurks = [PlurkPost(p) for p in plurk_json_list] self._users = [PlurkUser(u) for u in user_json_list] def __iter__(self): return self._plurks def GetUsers(self): return self._users def __eq__(self, other): if other.__class__ != PlurkPostList: return False if self._plurks != other._plurks: return False if self._users != other._users: return False return True Now I expected to be able to do something like this: api = plurk_api_urllib2.PlurkAPI(open('api.key').read().strip(), debug_level=1) plurkproxy = PlurkProxy(api, json.loads) user = plurkproxy.Login('my_user', 'my_pass') ps = plurkproxy.GetNewPlurks(datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0)) print ps for p in ps: print str(p) When I run this, what I actually get is: <plurk.PlurkPostList instance at 0x01E8D738> from the "print ps", then: for p in ps: TypeError: __iter__ returned non-iterator of type 'list' I don't understand - surely a list is iterable? Where am I going wrong - how do I access the Plurks in the PlurkPostList?

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  • Python: Why Does a Method Behave Differently with an Added Parameter?

    - by SteveStifler
    I have a method in a Pygame Sprite subclass, defined as such: def walk(self): """move across screen""" displacement = self.rect.move((self.move, 0)) if self.rect.left < self.area.left or self.rect.right > self.area.right: self.move = -self.move displacement = self.rect.move((self.move, 0)) self.rect = displacement I modified it, adding a parameter speed_x, and now the program is broken. def walk(self, speed_x): """move across screen""" displacement = self.rect.move((speed_x, 0)) if self.rect.left < self.area.left or self.rect.right > self.area.right: speed_x = -speed_x displacement = self.rect.move((speed_x, 0)) self.rect = displacement Before I called the method like this: def update(self): self.walk() Now I do: def update(self): self.walk(self.move) Why doesn't this work?

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  • add a decorate function to a class

    - by wiso
    I have a decorated function (simplified version): class Memoize: def __init__(self, function): self.function = function self.memoized = {} def __call__(self, *args, **kwds): hash = args try: return self.memoized[hash] except KeyError: self.memoized[hash] = self.function(*args) return self.memoized[hash] @Memoize def _DrawPlot(self, options): do something... now I want to add this method to a pre-esisting class. ROOT.TChain.DrawPlot = _DrawPlot when I call this method: chain = TChain() chain.DrawPlot(opts) I got: self.memoized[hash] = self.function(*args) TypeError: _DrawPlot() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given) why doesn't it propagate self?

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  • overwrite existing entity via bulkloader.Loader

    - by Ray Yun
    I was going to CSV based export/import for large data with app engine. My idea was just simple. First column of CSV would be key of entity. If it's not empty, that row means existing entity and should overwrite old one. Else, that row is new entity and should create new one. I could export key of entity by adding key property. class FrontExporter(bulkloader.Exporter): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Exporter.__init__(self, 'Front', [ ('__key__', str, None), ('name', str, None), ]) But when I was trying to upload CSV, it had failed because bulkloader.Loader.generate_key() was just for "key_name" not "key" itself. That means all exported entities in CSV should have unique 'key_name' if I want to modify-and-reupload them. class FrontLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'Front', [ ('_UNUSED', lambda x: None), ('name', lambda x: x.decode('utf-8')), ]) def generate_key(self,i,values): # first column is key keystr = values[0] if len(keystr)==0: return None return keystr I also tried to load key directly without using generate_key(), but both failed. class FrontLoader(bulkloader.Loader): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Loader.__init__(self, 'Front', [ ('Key', db.Key), # not working. just create new one. ('__key__', db.Key), # same... So, how can I overwrite existing entity which has no 'key_name'? It would be horrible if I should give unique name to all entities..... From the first answer, I could handle this problem. :) def create_entity(self, values, key_name=None, parent=None): # if key_name is None: # print 'key_name is None' # else: # print 'key_name=<',key_name,'> : length=',len(key_name) Validate(values, (list, tuple)) assert len(values) == len(self._Loader__properties), ( 'Expected %d columns, found %d.' % (len(self._Loader__properties), len(values))) model_class = GetImplementationClass(self.kind) properties = { 'key_name': key_name, 'parent': parent, } for (name, converter), val in zip(self._Loader__properties, values): if converter is bool and val.lower() in ('0', 'false', 'no'): val = False properties[name] = converter(val) if key_name is None: entity = model_class(**properties) #print 'create new one' else: entity = model_class.get(key_name) for key, value in properties.items(): setattr(entity, key, value) #print 'overwrite old one' entities = self.handle_entity(entity) if entities: if not isinstance(entities, (list, tuple)): entities = [entities] for entity in entities: if not isinstance(entity, db.Model): raise TypeError('Expected a db.Model, received %s (a %s).' % (entity, entity.__class__)) return entities def generate_key(self,i,values): # first column is key if values[0] is None or values[0] in ('',' ','-','.'): return None return values[0]

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  • Django Generating RSS feed with description

    - by Issy
    Hey Guys, I am trying to generate a full rss feed, however when loading the feed in Mail, it just shows the title, with a read more link at the bottom. I have tried several different options. But none seem to work. I would like to generate the feed with a combination of several feeds in my modl. Here is the code i have tried: class LatestEvents(Feed): description_template = "events_description.html" def title(self): return "%s Events" % SITE.name def link(self): return '/events/' def items(self): events = list(Event.objects.all().order_by('-published_date')[:5]) return events author_name = 'Latest Events' def item_pubdate(self, item): return item.published_date And in my template which is stored in TEMPLATE_ROOT/feeds/ {{ obj.description|safe }} <h1>Event Location Details</h1> {{ obj.location|safe }} Even if i hard code the description it does not work.

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  • Passing arguments to anonymous inner classes

    - by synic
    I'm trying to make an API library for our web services, and I'm wondering if it's possible to do something like this: abstract class UserRequest(val userId: Int) { def success(message: String) def error(error: ApiError) } api.invokeRequest(new UserRequest(121) { override def success(message: String) = { // handle success } override def error(error: ApiError) = { // handle the error } } I'm talking about passing parameters to the anonymous inner class, and also overriding the two methods. I'm extremely new to Scala, and I realize my syntax might be completely wrong. I'm just trying to come up with a good design for this library before I start coding it. I'm willing to take suggestions for this, if I'm doing it the completely wrong way, or if there's a better way. The idea is that the API will take some sort of request object, use it to make a request in a thread via http, and when the response has been made, somehow signal back to the caller if the request was a success or an error. The request/error functions have to be executed on the main thread.

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  • Djangoo Foreign key queries

    - by Hulk
    In the following model: class header(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length = 255) created_by = models.CharField(max_length = 255) def __unicode__(self): return self.id() class criteria(models.Model): details = models.CharField(max_length = 255) headerid = models.ForeignKey(header) def __unicode__(self): return self.id() class options(models.Model): opt_details = models.CharField(max_length = 255) headerid = models.ForeignKey(header) def __unicode__(self): return self.id() If there is a row in the database for table header as Id=1, title=value-mart , createdby=CEO How do i query criteria and options tables to get all the values related to header table id=1 Also can some one please suggest a good link for queries examples, Thanks..

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  • Ref to map vs. map to refs vs. multiple refs

    - by mikera
    I'm working on a GUI application in Swing+Clojure that requires various mutable pieces of data (e.g. scroll position, user data, filename, selected tool options etc.). I can see at least three different ways of handling this set of data: Create a ref to a map of all the data: (def data (ref { :filename "filename.xml" :scroll [0 0] })) Create a map of refs to the individual data elements: (def datamap { :filename (ref "filename.xml") :scroll (ref [0 0]) })) Create a separate ref for each in the namespace: (def scroll (ref [0 0])) (def filename (ref "filename.xml")) Note: This data will be accessed concurrently, e.g. by background processing threads or the Swing event handling thread. However there probably isn't a need for consistent transactional updates of multiple elements. What would be your recommended approach and why?

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  • Dynamic Operator Overloading on dict classes in Python

    - by Ishpeck
    I have a class that dynamically overloads basic arithmetic operators like so... import operator class IshyNum: def __init__(self, n): self.num=n self.buildArith() def arithmetic(self, other, o): return o(self.num, other) def buildArith(self): map(lambda o: setattr(self, "__%s__"%o,lambda f: self.arithmetic(f, getattr(operator, o))), ["add", "sub", "mul", "div"]) if __name__=="__main__": number=IshyNum(5) print number+5 print number/2 print number*3 print number-3 But if I change the class to inherit from the dictionary (class IshyNum(dict):) it doesn't work. I need to explicitly def __add__(self, other) or whatever in order for this to work. Why?

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  • Should I use implicit conversions to enforce preconditions?

    - by Malvolio
    It occurs to me that I could use use implicit conversions to both announce and enforce preconditions. Consider this: object NonNegativeDouble { implicit def int2nnd(d : Double) : NonNegativeDouble = new NonNegativeDouble(d) implicit def nnd2int(d : NonNegativeDouble) : Double = d.v def sqrt(n : NonNegativeDouble) : NonNegativeDouble = scala.math.sqrt(n) } class NonNegativeDouble(val v : Double ) { if (v < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative value") } } object Test { def t1 = { val d : Double = NonNegativeDouble.sqrt(3.0); printf("%f\n", d); val n : Double = NonNegativeDouble.sqrt(-3.0); } } Ignore for the moment the actual vacuity of the example: my point is, the subclass NonNegativeDouble expresses the notion that a function only takes a subset of the entire range of the class's values. First is this: A good idea, a bad idea, or an obvious idea everybody else already knows about Second, this would be most useful with basic types, like Int and String. Those classes are final, of course, so is there a good way to not only use the restricted type in functions (that's what the second implicit is for) but also delegate to all methods on the underlying value (short of hand-implementing every delegation)?

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  • Testing methods called on yielded object

    - by Todd R
    I have the following controller test case: def test_showplain Cleaner.expect(:parse).with(@somecontent) Cleaner.any_instance.stubs(:plainversion).returns(@returnvalue) post :showplain, {:content => @somecontent} end This works fine, except that I want the "stubs(:plainversion)" to be an "expects(:plainversion)". Here's the controller code: def showplain Cleaner.parse(params[:content]) do | cleaner | @output = cleaner.plainversion end end And the Cleaner is simply: class Cleaner ### other code and methods ### def self.parse(@content) cleaner = Cleaner.new(@content) yield cleaner cleaner.close end def plainversion ### operate on @content and return ### end end Again, I can't figure out how to reliably test the "cleaner" that is made available from the "parse" method. Any suggestions?

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  • how to use @ in python.. and the @property and the @classmethods

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code: def a(): print 'sss' @a() def b(): print 'aaa' b() and the Traceback is: sss Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 8, in <module> @a() TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable so how to use the '@' thanks updated class a: @property def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b it print : sss None how to use @property thanks updated2 and the classmethods: class a: @classmethods def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b the Traceback is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 5, in <module> class a: File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 6, in a @classmethods NameError: name 'classmethods' is not defined

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