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• wrong operator() overload called

  - by user313202

  okay, I am writing a matrix class and have overloaded the function call operator twice. The core of the matrix is a 2D double array. I am using the MinGW GCC compiler called from a windows console. the first overload is meant to return a double from the array (for viewing an element). the second overload is meant to return a reference to a location in the array (for changing the data in that location. double operator()(int row, int col) const ; //allows view of element double &operator()(int row, int col); //allows assignment of element I am writing a testing routine and have discovered that the "viewing" overload never gets called. for some reason the compiler "defaults" to calling the overload that returns a reference when the following printf() statement is used. fprintf(outp, "%6.2f\t", testMatD(i,j)); I understand that I'm insulting the gods by writing my own matrix class without using vectors and testing with C I/O functions. I will be punished thoroughly in the afterlife, no need to do it here. Ultimately I'd like to know what is going on here and how to fix it. I'd prefer to use the cleaner looking operator overloads rather than member functions. Any ideas? -Cal the matrix class: irrelevant code omitted class Matrix { public: double getElement(int row, int col)const; //returns the element at row,col //operator overloads double operator()(int row, int col) const ; //allows view of element double &operator()(int row, int col); //allows assignment of element private: //data members double **array; //pointer to data array }; double Matrix::getElement(int row, int col)const{ //transform indices into true coordinates (from sorted coordinates //only row needs to be transformed (user can only sort by row) row = sortedArray[row]; result = array[usrZeroRow+row][usrZeroCol+col]; return result; } //operator overloads double Matrix::operator()(int row, int col) const { //this overload is used when viewing an element return getElement(row,col); } double &Matrix::operator()(int row, int col){ //this overload is used when placing an element return array[row+usrZeroRow][col+usrZeroCol]; } The testing program: irrelevant code omitted int main(void){ FILE *outp; outp = fopen("test_output.txt", "w+"); Matrix testMatD(5,7); //construct 5x7 matrix //some initializations omitted fprintf(outp, "%6.2f\t", testMatD(i,j)); //calls the wrong overload }

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• Switch case assembly level code

  - by puffadder

  Hi All, I am programming C on cygwin windows. After having done a bit of C programming and getting comfortable with the language, I wanted to look under the hood and see what the compiler is doing for the code that I write. So I wrote down a code block containing switch case statements and converted them into assembly using: gcc -S foo.c Here is the C source: switch(i) { case 1: { printf("Case 1\n"); break; } case 2: { printf("Case 2\n"); break; } case 3: { printf("Case 3\n"); break; } case 4: { printf("Case 4\n"); break; } case 5: { printf("Case 5\n"); break; } case 6: { printf("Case 6\n"); break; } case 7: { printf("Case 7\n"); break; } case 8: { printf("Case 8\n"); break; } case 9: { printf("Case 9\n"); break; } case 10: { printf("Case 10\n"); break; } default: { printf("Nothing\n"); break; } } Now the resultant assembly for the same is: movl $5, -4(%ebp) cmpl $10, -4(%ebp) ja L13 movl -4(%ebp), %eax sall $2, %eax movl L14(%eax), %eax jmp *%eax .section .rdata,"dr" .align 4 L14: .long L13 .long L3 .long L4 .long L5 .long L6 .long L7 .long L8 .long L9 .long L10 .long L11 .long L12 .text L3: movl $LC0, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L4: movl $LC1, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L5: movl $LC2, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L6: movl $LC3, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L7: movl $LC4, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L8: movl $LC5, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L9: movl $LC6, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L10: movl $LC7, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L11: movl $LC8, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L12: movl $LC9, (%esp) call _printf jmp L2 L13: movl $LC10, (%esp) call _printf L2: Now, in the assembly, the code is first checking the last case (i.e. case 10) first. This is very strange. And then it is copying 'i' into 'eax' and doing things that are beyond me. I have heard that the compiler implements some jump table for switch..case. Is it what this code is doing? Or what is it doing and why? Because in case of less number of cases, the code is pretty similar to that generated for if...else ladder, but when number of cases increases, this unusual-looking implementation is seen. Thanks in advance.

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• C++ addition overload ambiguity

  - by Nate

  I am coming up against a vexing conundrum in my code base. I can't quite tell why my code generates this error, but (for example) std::string does not. class String { public: String(const char*str); friend String operator+ ( const String& lval, const char *rval ); friend String operator+ ( const char *lval, const String& rval ); String operator+ ( const String& rval ); }; The implementation of these is easy enough to imagine on your own. My driver program contains the following: String result, lval("left side "), rval("of string"); char lv[] = "right side ", rv[] = "of string"; result = lv + rval; printf(result); result = (lval + rv); printf(result); Which generates the following error in gcc 4.1.2: driver.cpp:25: error: ISO C++ says that these are ambiguous, even though the worst conversion for the first is better than the worst conversion for the second: String.h:22: note: candidate 1: String operator+(const String&, const char*) String.h:24: note: candidate 2: String String::operator+(const String&) So far so good, right? Sadly, my String(const char *str) constructor is so handy to have as an implicit constructor, that using the explicit keyword to solve this would just cause a different pile of problems. Moreover... std::string doesn't have to resort to this, and I can't figure out why. For example, in basic_string.h, they are declared as follows: template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc> basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs) template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc> basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc> operator+(const _CharT* __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs); and so on. The basic_string constructor is not declared explicit. How does this not cause the same error I'm getting, and how can I achieve the same behavior??

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• Use format strings that contain %1, %2 etc. instead of %d, %s etc. - Linux, C++

  - by rursw1

  Hello, As a follow-up of this question (Message compiler replacement in Linux gcc), I have the following problem: When using MC.exe on Windows for compiling and generating messages, within the C++ code I call FormatMessage, which retrieves the message and uses the va_list *Arguments parameter to send the varied message arguments. For example: messages.mc file: MessageId=1 Severity=Error SymbolicName=MULTIPLE_MESSAGE_OCCURED Language=English message %1 occured %2 times. . C++ code: void GetMsg(unsigned int errCode, wstring& message,unsigned int paramNumber, ...) { HLOCAL msg; DWORD ret; LANGID lang = GetUserDefaultLangID(); try { va_list argList; va_start( argList, paramNumber ); const TCHAR* dll = L"MyDll.dll"; _hModule = GetModuleHandle(dll); ret =::FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE|FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, _hModule, errCode, lang, (LPTSTR) &msg, 0, &argList ); if ( 0 != ret ) { unsigned int count = 0 ; message = msg; if (paramNumber>0) { wstring::const_iterator iter; for (iter = message.begin();iter!=message.end();iter++) { wchar_t xx = *iter; if (xx ==L'%') count++; } } if ((count == paramNumber) && (count >0)) { ::LocalFree( msg ); ret =::FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE, _hModule, errCode, GetUserDefaultLangID(), (LPTSTR) &msg, 0, &argList ); } else if (count != paramNumber) { wstringstream tmp; wstring messNumber; tmp << (errCode & 0xFFFF); tmp >> messNumber; message = message +L"("+ messNumber + L"). Bad Format String. "; } } ::LocalFree( msg ); } catch (...) { message << L"last error: " << GetLastError(); } va_end( argList ); } Caller code: wstring message; GetMsg(MULTIPLE_MESSAGE_OCCURED, message,2, "Error message", 5); Now, I wrote a simple script to generate a .msg file from the .mc file, and then I use gencat to generate a catalog from it. But is there a way to use the formatted strings as they contain %1, %2, etc. and NOT the general (%d, %s...) format? Please note, that the solution has to be generic enough for each possible message with each posible types\ arguments order... Is it possible at all? Thank you.

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• Is typeid of type name always evaluated at compile time in c++ ?

  - by cyril42e

  I wanted to check that typeid is evaluated at compile time when used with a type name (ie typeid(int), typeid(std::string)...). To do so, I repeated in a loop the comparison of two typeid calls, and compiled it with optimizations enabled, in order to see if the compiler simplified the loop (by looking at the execution time which is 1us when it simplifies instead of 160ms when it does not). And I get strange results, because sometimes the compiler simplifies the code, and sometimes it does not. I use g++ (I tried different 4.x versions), and here is the program: #include <iostream> #include <typeinfo> #include <time.h> class DisplayData {}; class RobotDisplay: public DisplayData {}; class SensorDisplay: public DisplayData {}; class RobotQt {}; class SensorQt {}; timespec tp1, tp2; const int n = 1000000000; int main() { int avg = 0; clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp1); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { // if (typeid(RobotQt) == typeid(RobotDisplay)) // (1) compile time // if (typeid(SensorQt) == typeid(SensorDisplay)) // (2) compile time if (typeid(RobotQt) == typeid(RobotDisplay) || typeid(SensorQt) == typeid(SensorDisplay)) // (3) not compile time ???!!! avg++; else avg--; } clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp2); std::cout << "time (" << avg << "): " << (tp2.tv_sec-tp1.tv_sec)*1000000000+(tp2.tv_nsec-tp1.tv_nsec) << " ns" << std::endl; } The conditions in which this problem appear are not clear, but: - if there is no inheritance involved, no problem (always compile time) - if I do only one comparison, no problem - the problem only appears only with a disjunction of comparisons if all the terms are false So is there something I didn't get with how typeid works (is it always supposed to be evaluated at compilation time when used with type names?) or may this be a gcc bug in evaluation or optimization? About the context, I tracked down the problem to this very simplified example, but my goal is to use typeid with template types (as partial function template specialization is not possible). Thanks for your help!

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• Help in building an 16 bit os

  - by Barshan Das

  I am trying to build an old 16 bit dos like os. My bootloader code: ; This is not my code. May be of Fritzos. I forgot the source. ORG 7c00h jmp Start drive db 0 msg db " Loader Initialization",0 msg2 db "ACos Loaded",0 print: lodsb cmp al, 0 je end mov ah, 0Eh int 10h jmp print end: ret Start: mov [ drive ], dl ; Get the floppy OS booted from ; Update the segment registers xor ax, ax ; XOR ax mov ds, ax ; Mov AX into DS mov si,msg call print ; Load Kernel. ResetFloppy: mov ax, 0x00 ; Select Floppy Reset BIOS Function mov dl, [ drive ] ; Select the floppy ADos booted from int 13h ; Reset the floppy drive jc ResetFloppy ; If there was a error, try again. ReadFloppy: mov bx, 0x9000 ; Load kernel at 9000h. mov ah, 0x02 ; Load disk data to ES:BX mov al, 17 ; Load two floppy head full's worth of data. mov ch, 0 ; First Cylinder mov cl, 2 ; Start at the 2nd Sector to load the Kernel mov dh, 0 ; Use first floppy head mov dl, [ drive ] ; Load from the drive kernel booted from. int 13h ; Read the floppy disk. jc ReadFloppy ; Error, try again. ; Clear text mode screen mov ax, 3 int 10h ;print starting message mov si,msg2 call print mov ax, 0x0 mov ss, ax mov sp, 0xFFFF jmp 9000h ; This part makes sure the bootsector is 512 bytes. times 510-($-$$) db 0 ;bootable sector signature dw 0xAA55 My example kernel code: asm(".code16\n"); void putchar(char); int main() { putchar('A'); return 0; } void putchar(char val) { asm("movb %0, %%al\n" "movb $0x0E, %%ah\n" "int $0x10\n" : :"r"(val) ) ; } This is how I compile it : nasm -f bin -o ./bin/boot.bin ./source/boot.asm gcc -nostdinc -fno-builtin -I./include -c -o ./bin/kernel.o ./source/kernel.c ld -Ttext=0x9000 -o ./bin/kernel.bin ./bin/kernel.o -e 0x0 dd if=/dev/zero of=./bin/empty.bin bs=1440K count=1 cat ./bin/boot.bin ./bin/kernel.bin ./bin/empty.bin|head -c 1440K > ./bin/os rm ./bin/empty.bin and I run it in virtual machine. When I make the putchar function ( in kernel code ) for constant value ....i.e like this: void putchar() { char val = 'A'; asm("movb %0, %%al\n" "movb $0x0E, %%ah\n" "int $0x10\n" : :"r"(val) ) ; } then it works fine. But when I pass argument to it ( That is in the previous code ) , then it prints a space for any character. What should I do?

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• how to make shared library from a static library under ubuntu using gcc

  - by Hema Joshi

  hi , i have a static library libsrp.a, i want to make a shared library libsrp.so from it that contains all symbols . please tell me how to make a .so under ubuntu. thanks

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• GCC/XCode equivalent of _CrtCheckMemory?

  - by Chris Becke

  When dealing with random memory overwrites, in MSVC it is possible to validate the state of the heap at various points with a call to _CrtCheckMemory, and know with at least a small level of confidence that the code up until the check was not responsible for any errors that might cause new or malloc to fail later. In XCode, whats the equivalent way to try and box in a memory overwrite? All I have at the moment is a random failure of a call to new, somewhere deep in the bowels of some code with no real idea of how long the code has been running with a corrupt heap up until that point.

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• How can i print the compilation options on making several C files using GCC and make

  - by Renjith G

  I want to print my whole file compilation options on make in my console on build. For example on compiling test1.c test2.c test3.c using make should print like cc -g -O1 -Wall test1.c cc -g -O1 -Wall test2.c cc -g -O1 -Wall test3.c

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• Silencing GCC warnings when using an "Uncopyable" class

  - by Kazade

  I have several classes that I don't want to be copyable, some of these classes have pointer data members. To make these classes uncopyable I privately inherit the following class template: template <class T> class Uncopyable { protected: Uncopyable() {} virtual ~Uncopyable() {} private: Uncopyable(const Uncopyable &); T & operator=(const T&); }; Which I used like so: class Entity : private Uncopyable<Entity> { } This works fine, however when I compile with -Weffc++ I still get the following warning: class Entity has pointer data members but does not override Entity(const Entity&) or operator=(const Entity&) Why is it still giving me this warning?

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• Difference in behaviour( gcc and MSVC++ )

  - by Prasoon Saurav

  Consider the following code. #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> #include <iostream> struct XYZ { int X,Y,Z; }; std::vector<XYZ> A; int rec(int idx) { int i = A.size(); A.push_back(XYZ()); if (idx >= 5) return i; A[i].X = rec(idx+1); return i; } int main(){ A.clear(); rec(0); puts("FINISH!"); } I couldn't figure out the reason why the code gives segmentation fault on Linux(IDE used: Code::Blocks) whereas on Windows(IDE used : MSVC++) it doesn't. When I used valgrind just to check what actually the problem was, I got this output. I got Invalid write of size 4 at four different places. Then why didn't the code crash when I used MSVC++? Am I missing something?

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• Difference in behaviour (GCC and Visual C++)

  - by Prasoon Saurav

  Consider the following code. #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> #include <iostream> struct XYZ { int X,Y,Z; }; std::vector<XYZ> A; int rec(int idx) { int i = A.size(); A.push_back(XYZ()); if (idx >= 5) return i; A[i].X = rec(idx+1); return i; } int main(){ A.clear(); rec(0); puts("FINISH!"); } I couldn't figure out the reason why the code gives a segmentation fault on Linux (IDE used: Code::Blocks) whereas on Windows (IDE used: Visual C++) it doesn't. When I used Valgrind just to check what actually the problem was, I got this output. I got Invalid write of size 4 at four different places. Then why didn't the code crash when I used Visual C++? Am I missing something?

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• (gcc) Multi-Dim Array or Double Pointer for Warning-free Compile

  - by paul simmons

  Hi, I have a function, which is called sometimes with regular, sometimes dynamic arrays. If I define the function as function_name(int[10][10] a) and send int** as a parameter, I get a warning. Opposite, if I declare function_name(int** a) and send int[][] as a parameter (after casting) I cannot access to array elements inside function. What is the correctest way?

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• Change the text of a gcc compiler error

  - by NSA

  Hello, At my company we have recently done some tricky stuff with C++ and templates, making use of some features of the compiler. When working with this code people need to take a few setup steps otherwise they get some rather cryptic compiler errors, what I would like to do is determine if there is a way to tell the compiler to inject, and or swap out the message published for an error when compiling? so that I either get a friendly message that instructs the person in conjunction with the cryptic error or instead of the cryptic error. Thank you.

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• a newbie gcc compiler and c language question

  - by dydx

  Hi, when I'm trying to compile my c program it gives me this error warning: integer constant is too large for 'long' type which refers to these lines int barcode, a, b, c; scanf("%d", &barcode); a = barcode / 1000000000000; b = barcode / 100000000000 % 10; c = barcode / 10000000000 % 10; and the rest is fine. I know I'm not supposed to use int for such a large number, any suggestions on what I should use? if I replace int with double what should the '%d' part be replaced with then?

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• 11415 compile errors FTW?!

  - by Koning Baard

  Hello. This is something I've really never seen but, I downloaded the source code of the sine wave example at http://www.audiosynth.com/sinewavedemo.html . It is in an old Project Builder Project format, and I want to compile it with Xcode (GCC). However, Xcode gives me 11415 compile errors. The first few are (all in the precompilation of AppKit.h): /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:31:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:31: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:33:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:33: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:35:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:35: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:36:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:36: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:37:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:37: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:38:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:38: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:40:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:40: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:42:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:42: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:48:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:48: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:54:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:54: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:59:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:59: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:61:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:61: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:69:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:69: error: expected identifier or '(' before '+' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:71:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:71: error: expected identifier or '(' before '+' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:39:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:39: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:40:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:40: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:41:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:41: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:42:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:42: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:43:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:43: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:44:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:44: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:45:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:45: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:46:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:46: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token Some of the code is: HAL.c /* * HAL.c * Sinewave * * Created by james on Fri Apr 27 2001. * Copyright (c) 2001 __CompanyName__. All rights reserved. * */ #include "HAL.h" #include "math.h" appGlobals gAppGlobals; OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime, void* device); #define FailIf(cond, handler) \ if (cond) { \ goto handler; \ } #define FailWithAction(cond, action, handler) \ if (cond) { \ { action; } \ goto handler; \ } // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // HAL Sample Code ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ //#define noErr 0 //#define false 0 OSStatus SetupHAL (appGlobalsPtr globals) { OSStatus err = noErr; UInt32 count, bufferSize; AudioDeviceID device = kAudioDeviceUnknown; AudioStreamBasicDescription format; // get the default output device for the HAL count = sizeof(globals->device); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioHardwareGetProperty(kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, &count, (void *) &device); fprintf(stderr, "kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice %d\n", err); if (err != noErr) goto Bail; // get the buffersize that the default device uses for IO count = sizeof(globals->deviceBufferSize); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize, &count, &bufferSize); fprintf(stderr, "kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize %d %d\n", err, bufferSize); if (err != noErr) goto Bail; // get a description of the data format used by the default device count = sizeof(globals->deviceFormat); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat, &count, &format); fprintf(stderr, "kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat %d\n", err); fprintf(stderr, "sampleRate %g\n", format.mSampleRate); fprintf(stderr, "mFormatFlags %08X\n", format.mFormatFlags); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerPacket %d\n", format.mBytesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mFramesPerPacket %d\n", format.mFramesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mChannelsPerFrame %d\n", format.mChannelsPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerFrame %d\n", format.mBytesPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBitsPerChannel %d\n", format.mBitsPerChannel); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; FailWithAction(format.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM, err = paramErr, Bail); // bail if the format is not linear pcm // everything is ok so fill in these globals globals->device = device; globals->deviceBufferSize = bufferSize; globals->deviceFormat = format; Bail: return (err); } /* struct AudioStreamBasicDescription { Float64 mSampleRate; // the native sample rate of the audio stream UInt32 mFormatID; // the specific encoding type of audio stream UInt32 mFormatFlags; // flags specific to each format UInt32 mBytesPerPacket; // the number of bytes in a packet UInt32 mFramesPerPacket; // the number of frames in each packet UInt32 mBytesPerFrame; // the number of bytes in a frame UInt32 mChannelsPerFrame; // the number of channels in each frame UInt32 mBitsPerChannel; // the number of bits in each channel }; typedef struct AudioStreamBasicDescription AudioStreamBasicDescription; */ // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // This is a simple playThru ioProc. It simply places the data in the input buffer back into the output buffer. // Watch out for feedback from Speakers to Microphone OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime, void* appGlobals) { appGlobalsPtr globals = appGlobals; int i; double phase = gAppGlobals.phase; double amp = gAppGlobals.amp; double pan = gAppGlobals.pan; double freq = gAppGlobals.freq * 2. * 3.14159265359 / globals->deviceFormat.mSampleRate; int numSamples = globals->deviceBufferSize / globals->deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame; // assume floats for now.... float *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData; for (i=0; i<numSamples; ++i) { float wave = sin(phase) * amp; phase = phase + freq; *out++ = wave * (1.0-pan); *out++ = wave * pan; } gAppGlobals.phase = phase; return (kAudioHardwareNoError); } // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OSStatus StartPlayingThruHAL(appGlobalsPtr globals) { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; if (globals->soundPlaying) return 0; globals->phase = 0.0; err = AudioDeviceAddIOProc(globals->device, appIOProc, (void *) globals); // setup our device with an IO proc if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; err = AudioDeviceStart(globals->device, appIOProc); // start playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; globals->soundPlaying = true; // set the playing status global to true Bail: return (err); } // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OSStatus StopPlayingThruHAL(appGlobalsPtr globals) { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; if (!globals->soundPlaying) return 0; err = AudioDeviceStop(globals->device, appIOProc); // stop playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; err = AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc(globals->device, appIOProc); // remove the IO proc from the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail; globals->soundPlaying = false; // set the playing status global to false Bail: return (err); } Sinewave.m // // a very simple Cocoa CoreAudio app // by James McCartney [email protected] www.audiosynth.com // // Sinewave - this class implements a sine oscillator with dezippered control of frequency, pan and amplitude // #import "Sinewave.h" // define a C struct from the Obj-C object so audio callback can access data typedef struct { @defs(Sinewave); } sinewavedef; // this is the audio processing callback. OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime, void* defptr) { sinewavedef* def = defptr; // get access to Sinewave's data int i; // load instance vars into registers double phase = def->phase; double amp = def->amp; double pan = def->pan; double freq = def->freq; double ampz = def->ampz; double panz = def->panz; double freqz = def->freqz; int numSamples = def->deviceBufferSize / def->deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame; // assume floats for now.... float *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData; for (i=0; i<numSamples; ++i) { float wave = sin(phase) * ampz; // generate sine wave phase = phase + freqz; // increment phase // write output *out++ = wave * (1.0-panz); // left channel *out++ = wave * panz; // right channel // de-zipper controls panz = 0.001 * pan + 0.999 * panz; ampz = 0.001 * amp + 0.999 * ampz; freqz = 0.001 * freq + 0.999 * freqz; } // save registers back to object def->phase = phase; def->freqz = freqz; def->ampz = ampz; def->panz = panz; return kAudioHardwareNoError; } @implementation Sinewave - (void) setup { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; UInt32 count; device = kAudioDeviceUnknown; initialized = NO; // get the default output device for the HAL count = sizeof(device); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioHardwareGetProperty(kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, &count, (void *) &device); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) { fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice error %ld\n", err); return; } // get the buffersize that the default device uses for IO count = sizeof(deviceBufferSize); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize, &count, &deviceBufferSize); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) { fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize error %ld\n", err); return; } fprintf(stderr, "deviceBufferSize = %ld\n", deviceBufferSize); // get a description of the data format used by the default device count = sizeof(deviceFormat); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat, &count, &deviceFormat); if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) { fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat error %ld\n", err); return; } if (deviceFormat.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM) { fprintf(stderr, "mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM\n"); return; } if (!(deviceFormat.mFormatFlags & kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat)) { fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, currently only works with float format....\n"); return; } initialized = YES; fprintf(stderr, "mSampleRate = %g\n", deviceFormat.mSampleRate); fprintf(stderr, "mFormatFlags = %08lX\n", deviceFormat.mFormatFlags); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerPacket = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBytesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mFramesPerPacket = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mFramesPerPacket); fprintf(stderr, "mChannelsPerFrame = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mChannelsPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerFrame = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame); fprintf(stderr, "mBitsPerChannel = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBitsPerChannel); } - (void)setAmpVal:(double)val { amp = val; } - (void)setFreqVal:(double)val { freq = val * 2. * 3.14159265359 / deviceFormat.mSampleRate; } - (void)setPanVal:(double)val { pan = val; } - (BOOL)start { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; sinewavedef *def; if (!initialized) return false; if (soundPlaying) return false; // initialize phase and de-zipper filters. phase = 0.0; freqz = freq; ampz = amp; panz = pan; def = (sinewavedef *)self; err = AudioDeviceAddIOProc(device, appIOProc, (void *) def); // setup our device with an IO proc if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; err = AudioDeviceStart(device, appIOProc); // start playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; soundPlaying = true; // set the playing status global to true return true; } - (BOOL)stop { OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError; if (!initialized) return false; if (!soundPlaying) return false; err = AudioDeviceStop(device, appIOProc); // stop playing sound through the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; err = AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc(device, appIOProc); // remove the IO proc from the device if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false; soundPlaying = false; // set the playing status global to false return true; } @end Can anyone help me compiling this example? I'd really appriciate it. Thanks

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• Solaris 11.2: Functional Deprecation

  - by alanc

  In Solaris 11.1, I updated the system headers to enable use of several attributes on functions, including noreturn and printf format, to give compilers and static analyzers more information about how they are used to give better warnings when building code. In Solaris 11.2, I've gone back in and added one more attribute to a number of functions in the system headers: __attribute__((__deprecated__)). This is used to warn people building software that they’re using function calls we recommend no longer be used. While in many cases the Solaris Binary Compatibility Guarantee means we won't ever remove these functions from the system libraries, we still want to discourage their use. I made passes through both the POSIX and C standards, and some of the Solaris architecture review cases to come up with an initial list which the Solaris architecture review committee accepted to start with. This set is by no means a complete list of Obsolete function interfaces, but should be a reasonable start at functions that are well documented as deprecated and seem useful to warn developers away from. More functions may be flagged in the future as they get deprecated, or if further passes are made through our existing deprecated functions to flag more of them. Header Interface Deprecated by Alternative Documented in <door.h> door_cred(3C) PSARC/2002/188 door_ucred(3C) door_cred(3C) <kvm.h> kvm_read(3KVM), kvm_write(3KVM) PSARC/1995/186 Functions on kvm_kread(3KVM) man page kvm_read(3KVM) <stdio.h> gets(3C) ISO C99 TC3 (Removed in ISO C11), POSIX:2008/XPG7/Unix08 fgets(3C) gets(3C) man page, and just about every gets(3C) reference online from the past 25 years, since the Morris worm proved bad things happen when it’s used. <unistd.h> vfork(2) PSARC/2004/760, POSIX:2001/XPG6/Unix03 (Removed in POSIX:2008/XPG7/Unix08) posix_spawn(3C) vfork(2) man page. <utmp.h> All functions from getutent(3C) man page PSARC/1999/103 utmpx functions from getutentx(3C) man page getutent(3C) man page <varargs.h> varargs.h version of va_list typedef ANSI/ISO C89 standard <stdarg.h> varargs(3EXT) <volmgt.h> All functions PSARC/2005/672 hal(5) API volmgt_check(3VOLMGT), etc. <sys/nvpair.h> nvlist_add_boolean(3NVPAIR), nvlist_lookup_boolean(3NVPAIR) PSARC/2003/587 nvlist_add_boolean_value, nvlist_lookup_boolean_value nvlist_add_boolean(3NVPAIR) & (9F), nvlist_lookup_boolean(3NVPAIR) & (9F). <sys/processor.h> gethomelgroup(3C) PSARC/2003/034 lgrp_home(3LGRP) gethomelgroup(3C) <sys/stat_impl.h> _fxstat, _xstat, _lxstat, _xmknod PSARC/2009/657 stat(2) old functions are undocumented remains of SVR3/COFF compatibility support If the above table is cut off when viewing in the blog, try viewing this standalone copy of the table. To See or Not To See To see these warnings, you will need to be building with either gcc (versions 3.4, 4.5, 4.7, & 4.8 are available in the 11.2 package repo), or with Oracle Solaris Studio 12.4 or later (which like Solaris 11.2, is currently in beta testing). For instance, take this oversimplified (and obviously buggy) implementation of the cat command: #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { char buf[80]; while (gets(buf) != NULL) puts(buf); return 0; } Compiling it with the Studio 12.4 beta compiler will produce warnings such as: % cc -V cc: Sun C 5.13 SunOS_i386 Beta 2014/03/11 % cc gets_test.c "gets_test.c", line 6: warning: "gets" is deprecated, declared in : "/usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h", line 221 The exact warning given varies by compilers, and the compilers also have a variety of flags to either raise the warnings to errors, or silence them. Of couse, the exact form of the output is Not An Interface that can be relied on for automated parsing, just shown for example. gets(3C) is actually a special case — as noted above, it is no longer part of the C Standard Library in the C11 standard, so when compiling in C11 mode (i.e. when __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L), the <stdio.h> header will not provide a prototype for it, causing the compiler to complain it is unknown: % gcc -std=c11 gets_test.c gets_test.c: In function ‘main’: gets_test.c:6:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘gets’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration] while (gets(buf) != NULL) ^ The gets(3C) function of course is still in libc, so if you ignore the error or provide your own prototype, you can still build code that calls it, you just have to acknowledge you’re taking on the risk of doing so yourself. Solaris Studio 12.4 Beta % cc gets_test.c "gets_test.c", line 6: warning: "gets" is deprecated, declared in : "/usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h", line 221 % cc -errwarn=E_DEPRECATED_ATT gets_test.c "gets_test.c", line 6: "gets" is deprecated, declared in : "/usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h", line 221 cc: acomp failed for gets_test.c This warning is silenced in the 12.4 beta by cc -erroff=E_DEPRECATED_ATT No warning is currently issued by Studio 12.3 & earler releases. gcc 3.4.3 % /usr/sfw/bin/gcc gets_test.c gets_test.c: In function `main': gets_test.c:6: warning: `gets' is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h:221) Warning is completely silenced with gcc -Wno-deprecated-declarations gcc 4.7.3 % /usr/gcc/4.7/bin/gcc gets_test.c gets_test.c: In function ‘main’: gets_test.c:6:5: warning: ‘gets’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h:221) [-Wdeprecated-declarations] % /usr/gcc/4.7/bin/gcc -Werror=deprecated-declarations gets_test.c gets_test.c: In function ‘main’: gets_test.c:6:5: error: ‘gets’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h:221) [-Werror=deprecated-declarations] cc1: some warnings being treated as errors Warning is completely silenced with gcc -Wno-deprecated-declarations gcc 4.8.2 % /usr/bin/gcc gets_test.c gets_test.c: In function ‘main’: gets_test.c:6:5: warning: ‘gets’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h:221) [-Wdeprecated-declarations] while (gets(buf) != NULL) ^ % /usr/bin/gcc -Werror=deprecated-declarations gets_test.c gets_test.c: In function ‘main’: gets_test.c:6:5: error: ‘gets’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/iso/stdio_iso.h:221) [-Werror=deprecated-declarations] while (gets(buf) != NULL) ^ cc1: some warnings being treated as errors Warning is completely silenced with gcc -Wno-deprecated-declarations

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• C1x : future version du langage C, le nouveau Release 4.6 de GCC intègre déjà certaines de ses fonctionnalités

  C1x : future version du langage C Le nouveau Release de GCC intègre déjà certaines de ses fonctionnalités La nouvelle ne date pas d'hier, mais pour ceux qui ne sont pas encore au courant, une nouvelle version du C est en fait en cours d'élaboration et le dernier release de GCC (du 26 octobre 2011) intègre même déjà certaines de ses fonctionnalités. Ce langage, couramment appelé C1x, est destiné à remplacer le C99, le standard actuel. Il est clair que le C99 a terriblement été un échec, notamment en raison du choix de Microsoft de ne pas le supporter. Mais ce n'est pas tout. Le C99 a peut-être aussi échoué parce qu'il n'apportait rien qui soit véritablement essentiel au langage.

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• What is crtbegin.o and crtbegin_dynamic.o?

  - by theactiveactor

  When debugging a link error (undefined reference to _dso_handle) using the Android x86 toolchain, I noticed it's statically linking crtbegin_dynamic.o. What is the purpose of this file? There is another similar crtbegin.o in the toolchain install directory that contains the missing symbol (_dso_handle). What is the difference between crtbegin.o and crtbegin_dynamic.o?

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• Is make -j distcc possible to scale over 5 times?

  - by holmes

  Since distcc cannot keep states and just possible to send jobs and headers and let those servers to use only the data just sent and preprocess and compile, I think the lastest distcc has problem in scalability. In my local build environment which has appx. 10,000 c/c++ files to build, I could only make 2 times faster than not using distcc (but using make -j) when having 20 build servers. What do you think is the problem? If anyone has achieved scalability more than 10 - 20 times using make -j and distcc, please let me know. The following product claims that it is impossible to scale make -j and distcc faster than 5 times. http://www.electric-cloud.com/products/electricaccelerator.php I think this can be improved by: Letting the distccd server to maintain sessions Tied to those sessions, they will cache their own header directories Preprocess will be done demand base from the distccd server This will be done through a LD_PRELOADed library libdistcc.so which will replace stat/open syscalls and fetches the header files over network. ... Has anyone done this kind of thing?

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• Very simple application fails with "multiple target patterns" from Eclipse

  - by Paul Lammertsma

  Since I'm more comfortable using Eclipse, I thought I'd try converting my project from Visual Studio. Yesterday I tried a very simple little test. No matter what I try, make fails with "multiple target patterns". (This is similar to this unanswered question.) I have three files: Application.cpp: using namespace std; #include "Window.h" int main() { Window *win = new Window(); delete &win; return 0; } Window.h: #ifndef WINDOW_H_ #define WINDOW_H_ class Window { public: Window(); ~Window(); }; #endif Window.cpp: #include <cv.h> #include <highgui.h> #include "Window.h" const char* WINDOW_NAME = "MyApp"; Window::Window() { cvNamedWindow(WINDOW_NAME, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); cvResizeWindow(WINDOW_NAME, 200, 200); cvMoveWindow(WINDOW_NAME, 0, 0); int key = 0; while (true) { key = cvWaitKey(0); if (key==27 || cvGetWindowHandle(WINDOW_NAME)==0) { break; } } } Window::~Window() { cvDestroyWindow(WINDOW_NAME); } I have added the following paths to the compiler include path (-I): "$(OPENCV)/cv/include" "$(OPENCV)/cxcore/include" "$(OPENCV)/otherlibs/highgui" I have added the following libraries to the linker (-l): cv cxcore highgui And the following library search path (-L): "$(OPENCV)/lib/" Eclipse, the compiler and the linker all succeed in including the headers and libraries. I am using the GNU C/C++ compiler & linker from Cygwin. When compiling, I get the following make error: src/Window.d:1: *** multiple target patterns. Stop. Window.d contains: src/Window.d src/Window.o: ../src/Window.cpp \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cv.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxcore.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxtypes.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxerror.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cvver.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxcore.hpp \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cvtypes.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cv.hpp \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cvcompat.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/otherlibs/highgui/highgui.h \ C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxcore.h ../src/Constants.h \ ../src/Window.h C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cv.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxcore.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxtypes.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxerror.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cvver.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxcore.hpp: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cvtypes.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cv.hpp: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cv/include/cvcompat.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/otherlibs/highgui/highgui.h: C:/Program\ Files/OpenCV/cxcore/include/cxcore.h: ../src/Constants.h: ../src/Window.h: I tried removing all OpenCV headers from Window.d (from line 2 onwards), but the error remains. Also, I've updated Eclipse and OpenCV, all to no avail. Do you have any ideas worth trying? I'm willing to try anything!

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• Linking non-object file at a particular address

  - by Kiran

  Hi All, Is there any option in GNU linker or linker script to load a non-object file at a particular address (i.e. the non-object file should be part of the executable image output by linker) ? Any help is appreciated. Regards, Kiran

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• Error compiling / linking e text editor on Linux

  - by jckdnk111

  The code compiles without too much complaint, but the last step fails with the error below. There is some discussion about it on the e forum, but still no answer. [LD] e ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x0): multiple definition of `_pcre_OP_lengths' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x0): first defined here ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x70): multiple definition of `_pcre_utf8_table1' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x70): first defined here ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x88): multiple definition of `_pcre_utf8_table1_size' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x88): first defined here ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x8c): multiple definition of `_pcre_utf8_table2' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x8c): first defined here ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0xa4): multiple definition of `_pcre_utf8_table3' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0xa4): first defined here ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0xc0): multiple definition of `_pcre_utf8_table4' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0xc0): first defined here ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x180): multiple definition of `_pcre_utt_names' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x100): first defined here /usr/bin/ld: Warning: size of symbol `_pcre_utt_names' changed from 657 in .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o to 740 in ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o) ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x480): multiple definition of `_pcre_utt' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x3a0): first defined here /usr/bin/ld: Warning: size of symbol `_pcre_utt' changed from 630 in .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o to 696 in ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o) ../external/out.release/lib/libpcre.a(pcre_tables.o):(.rodata+0x738): multiple definition of `_pcre_utt_size' .objs.release/cx_pcre_tables.o:(.rodata+0x618): first defined here .objs.release/cx_pcre_exec.o: In function `match(doc_byte_iter, unsigned char const*, doc_byte_iter, int, match_data*, unsigned long, eptrblock*, int, unsigned int)': cx_pcre_exec.cpp:(.text+0x1c2a): undefined reference to `_pcre_ord2utf8(int, unsigned char*)' .objs.release/eauibook.o: In function `eAuiNotebook::LoadPerspective(wxString const&)': eauibook.cpp:(.text+0x9ad): undefined reference to `wxTabFrame::SetTabCtrlHeight(int)' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `global constructors keyed to _ZN10PreviewDlg13sm_eventTableE': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x11b2): undefined reference to `wxEVT_WEB_TITLECHANGE' PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x11ee): undefined reference to `wxEVT_WEB_DOMCONTENTLOADED' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `PreviewDlg::RefreshBrowser(PreviewDlg::cxUpdateMode)': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x2a47): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::OpenURI(wxString const&, unsigned int, wxWebPostData*, bool)' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `PreviewDlg::OnWebDocumentComplete(wxWebEvent&)': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x3259): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::GetCurrentURI() const' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `PreviewDlg::PreviewDlg(EditorFrame&)': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x4984): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::IsInitialized()' PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x49c5): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::wxWebControl(wxWindow*, int, wxPoint const&, wxSize const&)' PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x562f): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::InitEngine(wxString const&)' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `PreviewDlg::PreviewDlg(EditorFrame&)': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x68e4): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::IsInitialized()' PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x6925): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::wxWebControl(wxWindow*, int, wxPoint const&, wxSize const&)' PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x758f): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::InitEngine(wxString const&)' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `PreviewDlg::OnButtonForward(wxCommandEvent&)': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x132): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::GoForward()' .objs.release/PreviewDlg.o: In function `PreviewDlg::OnButtonBack(wxCommandEvent&)': PreviewDlg.cpp:(.text+0x182): undefined reference to `wxWebControl::GoBack()' ../ecore/libecore.so(cxInternal.o): In function `cxInternal::MoveOldSettings(eSettings&)': cxInternal.cpp:(.text+0x4d29): undefined reference to `eSettings::SetPageSettings(unsigned int, wxString const&, doc_id, int, int, wxString const&, std::vector<unsigned int, std::allocator<unsigned int> > const&, std::vector<cxBookmark, std::allocator<cxBookmark> > const&, eSettings::SubPage)' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [e] Error 1 EDIT: Forgot the link http://github.com/etexteditor/e

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• 8 bit enum, in C

  - by oxinabox.ucc.asn.au

  I have to store instuctions, commands that I will be receiving via serial. The commands will be 8 bits long. I'd like to use Enumerations to deal with them in my code. Only a enumeration corresponds to a ... on this platform I think a 16 bit integer. I need to preserve transparancy between command name, and its value. So as to avoid having to translate an 8-bit number received in serial into any type. BTW the platform is AVR ATmega169V microcontroller, on the Butterfly demo board. It may be being underclocked to preserve power (I'm opposed to this, I believe the ATmega169V uses no power, not next to a router. But that's getting offtopic.) So I need to keep things fast, and I don't have any luxuries like file I/O. Or operating systems. So any suggestions as to what type I should be using to store 8-bit commands? There has got to be something better than a massive header of #defines.

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• How to befriend a templated class's constructor?

  - by Kyle

  Why does class A; template<typename T> class B { private: A* a; public: B(); }; class A : public B<int> { private: friend B<int>::B<int>(); int x; }; template<typename T> B<T>::B() { a = new A; a->x = 5; } int main() { return 0; } result in ../src/main.cpp:15: error: invalid use of constructor as a template ../src/main.cpp:15: note: use ‘B::B’ instead of ‘B::class B’ to name the constructor in a qualified name yet changing friend B<int>::B<int>() to friend B<int>::B() results in ../src/main.cpp:15: error: no ‘void B::B()’ member function declared in class ‘B’ while removing the template completely class A; class B { private: A* a; public: B(); }; class A : public B { private: friend B::B(); int x; }; B::B() { a = new A; a->x = 5; } int main() { return 0; } compiles and executes just fine -- despite my IDE saying friend B::B() is invalid syntax?

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