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• Creating blur with an alpha channel, incorrect inclusion of black

  - by edA-qa mort-ora-y

  I'm trying to do a blur on a texture with an alpha channel. Using a typical approach (two-pass, gaussian weighting) I end up with a very dark blur. The reason is because the blurring does not properly account for the alpha channel. It happily blurs in the invisible part of the image, whcih happens to be black, and thus results in a very dark blur. Is there a technique to blur that properly accounts for the alpha channel?

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• Extract derived 3D scaling from a 3D Sprite to set to a 2D billboard

  - by Bill Kotsias

  I am trying to get the derived position and scaling of a 3D Sprite and set them to a 2D Sprite. I have managed to do the first part like this: var p:Point = sprite3d.local3DToGlobal(new Vector3D(0,0,0)); billboard.x = p.x; billboard.y = p.y; But I can't get the scaling part correctly. I am trying this: var mat:Matrix3D = sprite3d.transform.getRelativeMatrix3D(stage); // get derived matrix(?) var scaleV:Vector3D = mat.decompose()[2]; // get scaling vector from derived matrix var scale:Number = scaleV.length; billboard.scaleX = scale; billboard.scaleY = scale; ...but the result is apparently wrong. PS. One might ask what I am trying to achieve. I am trying to create "billboard" 3D sprites, i.e. sprites which are affected by all 3D transformations except rotations, thus they always face the "camera".

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• How to get GameElements (RigidBody) size in Unity

  - by Shivan Dragon

  I've made a prefab consisting of a Cube which I've first scaled to more resemble a brick. There's also a Rigidbody added to the cube (in the prefab). Now I want to use that prefab in a c# script to make a wall out of multiple bricks. My question is, how can I access the dimensions of my brick (width, height, the z dimension size) so that in my script I can make bricks which are placed one next to the other (and then one on top of the other)? I've looked at the documentation for GameObject and Rigidbody but I can't find anything helpful. Just for refference, my script so far is: public GameObject brick; void Start () { Instantiate(this.brick, new Vector3(0.01326297f, -30.07855f, 100f), Quaternion.identity); // int brickWidth = this.brick.????; }

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• (Libgdx) Move Vector2 along angle?

  - by gemurdock

  I have seen several answers on here about moving along angle, but I can't seem to get this to work properly for me and I am new to LibGDX... just trying to learn. These are my Vector2's that I am using for this function. public Vector2 position = new Vector2(); public Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(); public Vector2 movement = new Vector2(); public Vector2 direction = new Vector2(); Here is the function that I use to move the position vector along an angle. setLocation() just sets the new location of the image. public void move(float delta, float degrees) { position.set(image.getX() + image.getWidth() / 2, image.getY() + image.getHeight() / 2); direction.set((float) Math.cos(degrees), (float) Math.sin(degrees)).nor(); velocity.set(direction).scl(speed); movement.set(velocity).scl(delta); position.add(movement); setLocation(position.x, position.y); // Sets location of image } I get a lot of different angles with this, just not the correct angles. How should I change this function to move a Vector2 along an angle using the Vector2 class from com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector2 within the LibGDX library? I found this answer, but not sure how to implement it. Update: I figured out part of the issue. Should convert degrees to radians. However, the angle of 0 degrees is towards the right. Is there any way to fix this? As I shouldn't have to add 90 to degrees in order to have correct heading. New code is below public void move(float delta, float degrees) { degrees += 90; // Set degrees to correct heading, shouldn't have to do this position.set(image.getX() + image.getWidth() / 2, image.getY() + image.getHeight() / 2); direction.set(MathUtils.cos(degrees * MathUtils.degreesToRadians), MathUtils.sin(degrees * MathUtils.degreesToRadians)).nor(); velocity.set(direction).scl(speed); movement.set(velocity).scl(delta); position.add(movement); setLocation(position.x, position.y); }

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• Car engine sound simulation

  - by Petteri Hietavirta

  I have been thinking how to create realistic sound for a car. The main sound is the engine, then all kind of wind, road and suspension sounds. Are there any open source projects for the engine sound simulation? Simply pitching up the sample does not sound too great. The ideal would be to something that allows me to pick type of the engine (i.e. inline-4 vs v-8), add extras like turbo/supercharger whine and finally set the load and rpm. Edit: Something like http://www.sonory.org/examples.html

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• Finding the contact point with SAT

  - by Kai

  The Separating Axis Theorem (SAT) makes it simple to determine the Minimum Translation Vector, i.e., the shortest vector that can separate two colliding objects. However, what I need is the vector that separates the objects along the vector that the penetrating object is moving (i.e. the contact point). I drew a picture to help clarify. There is one box, moving from the before to the after position. In its after position, it intersects the grey polygon. SAT can easily return the MTV, which is the red vector. I am looking to calculate the blue vector. My current solution performs a binary search between the before and after positions until the length of the blue vector is known to a certain threshold. It works but it's a very expensive calculation since the collision between shapes needs to be recalculated every loop. Is there a simpler and/or more efficient way to find the contact point vector?

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• XNA Guide text input - maximum length

  - by simonalexander2005

  so I am using Guide.BeginShowKeyboardInput to get the user to enter their username. I would like this to be limited to 20 characters, and it seems to break expected behaviour to let them input whatever they like and trim it later - so how would I go about limiting what they can input in the text box itself? I have the following code: public string GetKeyboardInput(string title, string description, string defaultText, int maxLength) { if (input.CheckCancel()) { useKeyboardResult = false; KeyboardResult = null; } if (KeyboardResult == null && !Guide.IsVisible) { KeyboardResult = Guide.BeginShowKeyboardInput(PlayerIndex.One, title, description, defaultText, null, null); useKeyboardResult = true; } else if (KeyboardResult != null && KeyboardResult.IsCompleted) { string result = Guide.EndShowKeyboardInput(KeyboardResult); KeyboardResult = null; if (result == null) { useKeyboardResult = false; return null; } if (useKeyboardResult) { KeyboardResult = null; return result; } } else //the user is still entering inputs { } return null; } I assume the code I need would go in that final, empty else{} block, but I can't see any way to do this. Does anyone know how?

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• Off center projection

  - by N0xus

  I'm trying to implement the code that was freely given by a very kind developer at the following link: http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/142383-Code-sample-Off-Center-Projection-Code-for-VR-CAVE-or-just-for-fun Right now, all I'm trying to do is bring it in on one camera, but I have a few issues. My class, looks as follows: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class PerspectiveOffCenter : MonoBehaviour { // Use this for initialization void Start () { } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { } public static Matrix4x4 GeneralizedPerspectiveProjection(Vector3 pa, Vector3 pb, Vector3 pc, Vector3 pe, float near, float far) { Vector3 va, vb, vc; Vector3 vr, vu, vn; float left, right, bottom, top, eyedistance; Matrix4x4 transformMatrix; Matrix4x4 projectionM; Matrix4x4 eyeTranslateM; Matrix4x4 finalProjection; ///Calculate the orthonormal for the screen (the screen coordinate system vr = pb - pa; vr.Normalize(); vu = pc - pa; vu.Normalize(); vn = Vector3.Cross(vr, vu); vn.Normalize(); //Calculate the vector from eye (pe) to screen corners (pa, pb, pc) va = pa-pe; vb = pb-pe; vc = pc-pe; //Get the distance;; from the eye to the screen plane eyedistance = -(Vector3.Dot(va, vn)); //Get the varaibles for the off center projection left = (Vector3.Dot(vr, va)*near)/eyedistance; right = (Vector3.Dot(vr, vb)*near)/eyedistance; bottom = (Vector3.Dot(vu, va)*near)/eyedistance; top = (Vector3.Dot(vu, vc)*near)/eyedistance; //Get this projection projectionM = PerspectiveOffCenter(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); //Fill in the transform matrix transformMatrix = new Matrix4x4(); transformMatrix[0, 0] = vr.x; transformMatrix[0, 1] = vr.y; transformMatrix[0, 2] = vr.z; transformMatrix[0, 3] = 0; transformMatrix[1, 0] = vu.x; transformMatrix[1, 1] = vu.y; transformMatrix[1, 2] = vu.z; transformMatrix[1, 3] = 0; transformMatrix[2, 0] = vn.x; transformMatrix[2, 1] = vn.y; transformMatrix[2, 2] = vn.z; transformMatrix[2, 3] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 0] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 1] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 2] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 3] = 1; //Now for the eye transform eyeTranslateM = new Matrix4x4(); eyeTranslateM[0, 0] = 1; eyeTranslateM[0, 1] = 0; eyeTranslateM[0, 2] = 0; eyeTranslateM[0, 3] = -pe.x; eyeTranslateM[1, 0] = 0; eyeTranslateM[1, 1] = 1; eyeTranslateM[1, 2] = 0; eyeTranslateM[1, 3] = -pe.y; eyeTranslateM[2, 0] = 0; eyeTranslateM[2, 1] = 0; eyeTranslateM[2, 2] = 1; eyeTranslateM[2, 3] = -pe.z; eyeTranslateM[3, 0] = 0; eyeTranslateM[3, 1] = 0; eyeTranslateM[3, 2] = 0; eyeTranslateM[3, 3] = 1f; //Multiply all together finalProjection = new Matrix4x4(); finalProjection = Matrix4x4.identity * projectionM*transformMatrix*eyeTranslateM; //finally return return finalProjection; } // Update is called once per frame public void FixedUpdate () { Camera cam = camera; //calculate projection Matrix4x4 genProjection = GeneralizedPerspectiveProjection( new Vector3(0,1,0), new Vector3(1,1,0), new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(0,0,0), cam.nearClipPlane, cam.farClipPlane); //(BottomLeftCorner, BottomRightCorner, TopLeftCorner, trackerPosition, cam.nearClipPlane, cam.farClipPlane); cam.projectionMatrix = genProjection; } } My error lies in projectionM = PerspectiveOffCenter(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); The debugger states: Expression denotes a `type', where a 'variable', 'value' or 'method group' was expected. Thus, I changed the line to read: projectionM = new PerspectiveOffCenter(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); But then the error is changed to: The type 'PerspectiveOffCenter' does not contain a constructor that takes '6' arguments. For reasons that are obvious. So, finally, I changed the line to read: projectionM = new GeneralizedPerspectiveProjection(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); And the error I get is: is a 'method' but a 'type' was expected. With this last error, I'm not sure what it is I should do / missing. Can anyone see what it is that I'm missing to fix this error?

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• How do I identify mouse clicks versus mouse down in games?

  - by Tristan

  What is the most common way of handling mouse clicks in games? Given that all you have in way of detecting input from the mouse is whether a button is up or down. I currently just rely on the mouse down being a click, but this simple approach limits me greatly in what I want to achieve. For example I have some code that should only be run once on a mouse click, but using mouse down as a mouse click can cause the code to run more then once depending on how long the button is held down for. So I need to do it on a click! But what is the best way to handle a click? Is a click when the mouse goes from mouse up to down or from down to up or is it a click if the button was down for less then x frames/milliseconds and then if so, is it considered mouse down and a click if its down for x frames/milliseconds or a click then mouse down? I can see that each of the approaches can have their uses but which is the most common in games? And maybe i'll ask more specifically which is the most common in RTS games?

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• Changing Palette for Day/Light Mode using GIMP

  - by J.C.

  Hello, Suppose I've a picture, which want to achieve day/light mode by changing 8bpp color palette. If I want the pixel index of my picture is always fixed for both day mode and night mode. For example, the 1st pixel index is 100. Which I can look up index 100 in day mode palette and night mode palette. How can I use GIMP to do so? My goal is to not update my pixel index of my picture. Also, as you see in two palette, they are not one one mapping. That is index 1 of the day mode palette and index 1 of the night mode palette may not used in the same pixel of the picture, how can I tackle this problem? Actually, my use case is as follow I want to use one 8bpp picture to achieve day/night mode by update only the color palette (without updating the pixel index). The advantage is I only have to prepare 2 256 byte palette rather than saving 2 big pictures in my limited data ram. Thanks a lot

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• Rotating a view of a chunked 2d tilemap

  - by Danie Clawson

  I'm working on a top-down (oblique) tile-based engine. I would like for the tiles to have a definable height in the world, with Characters being occluded by them, etc. This has led to a desire to be able to "rotate" the view of the world, even though I'm using all hand-drawn graphics and blitting. Therefor, I need to rotate the actual world itself, or change how the Camera traverses these arrays. How can, or should, I create individual rotations of 90 degrees, when I have multi-dimensional arrays? Is it faster to actually rotate the array, to access it differently, or to create pre-computed accessor(?) arrays, something like how my chunks work? How can I rotate an individual chunk, or set of chunks? Currently I establish my tile grid like this (tile height not included): function Surface(WIDTH, HEIGHT) { WIDTH = Math.max(WIDTH-(WIDTH%TPC), TPC); HEIGHT = Math.max(HEIGHT-(HEIGHT%TPC), TPC); this.tiles = []; this.chunks = []; //Establish tiles for(var x = 0; x < WIDTH; x++) { var col = [], ch_x = Math.floor(x/TPC); if(!this.chunks[ch_x]) this.chunks.push([]); for(var y = 0; y < HEIGHT; y++) { var tile = new Tile(x, y), ch_y = Math.floor(y/TPC); if(!this.chunks[ch_x][ch_y]) this.chunks[ch_x].push([]); this.chunks[ch_x][ch_y].push(tile); col.push(tile); } this.tiles.push(col); } }; Even some basic advice on my data struct would be much appreciated.

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• Why doesn't Unity's OnCollisionEnter give me surface normals, and what's the most reliable way to get them?

  - by michael.bartnett

  Unity's on collision event gives you a Collision object that gives you some information about the collision that happened (including a list of ContactPoints with hit normals). But what you don't get is surface normals for the collider that you hit. Here's a screenshot to illustrate. The red line is from ContactPoint.normal and the blue line is from RaycastHit.normal. Is this an instance of Unity hiding information to provide a simplified API? Or do standard 3D realtime collision detection techniques just not collect this information? And for the second part of the question, what's a surefire and relatively efficient way to get a surface normal for a collision? I know that raycasting gives you surface normals, but it seems I need to do several raycasts to accomplish this for all scenarios (maybe a contact point/normal combination misses the collider on the first cast, or maybe you need to do some average of all the contact points' normals to get the best result). My current method: Back up the Collision.contacts[0].point along its hit normal Raycast down the negated hit normal for float.MaxValue, on Collision.collider If that fails, repeat steps 1 and 2 with the non-negated normal If that fails, try steps 1 to 3 with Collision.contacts[1] Repeat 4 until successful or until all contact points exhausted. Give up, return Vector3.zero. This seems to catch everything, but all those raycasts make me queasy, and I'm not sure how to test that this works for enough cases. Is there a better way?

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• glm quaternion camera rotating on wrong axis

  - by Jarrett

  I'm trying to get my camera implemented with a glm::quat used to store the rotation. However, whenever I do circles with the mouse, the camera rotates along the axis I am viewing (i.e. I think it's called the target axis). For example, if I rotated the mouse in a clockwise fashion, the camera rotates clockwise around the axis. I initialize my quaternion like so: void Camera::initialize() { orientationQuaternion_ = glm::quat(); orientationQuaternion_ = glm::normalize(orientationQuaternion_); } I rotate like so: void Camera::rotate(const glm::detail::float32& degrees, const glm::vec3& axis) { orientationQuaternion_ = orientationQuaternion_ * glm::normalize(glm::angleAxis(degrees, axis)); } and I set the viewMatrix like so: void Camera::render() { glm::quat temp = glm::conjugate(orientationQuaternion_); viewMatrix_ = glm::mat4_cast(temp); viewMatrix_ = glm::translate(viewMatrix_, glm::vec3(-pos_.x, -pos_.y, -pos_.z)); } The only axis' I actually try to rotate are the X and Y axis (i.e. (1,0,0) and (0,1,0)). Anyone have any idea why I see my camera rotating around the target axis?

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• Pygame surfaces and their Rects

  - by Jaka Novak

  I am trying to understand how pygame surfaces work. I am confused about Rect position of Surface object. If I try blit surface on screen at some position then Surface is drawn at right position, but Rect of the surface is still at position (0, 0)... I tried write my own surface class with new rect, but i am not sure if is that right solution. My goal is that i could move surface like image with rect.move() or something like that. If there is any solution to do that i would be happy to read it. Thanks for answer and time for reading this awful English If helps i write some code for better understanding my problem. (run it first, and then uncomment two lines of code and run again to see the diference): import pygame from pygame.locals import * class SurfaceR(pygame.Surface): def __init__(self, size, position): pygame.Surface.__init__(self, size) self.rect = pygame.Rect(position, size) self.position = position self.size = size def get_rect(self): return self.rect def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480)) pygame.display.set_caption("Screen!?") clock = pygame.time.Clock() fps = 30 white = (255, 255, 255) red = (255, 0, 0) green = (0, 255, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) surface = pygame.Surface((70,200)) surface.fill(red) surface_re = SurfaceR((300, 50), (100, 300)) surface_re.fill(blue) while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: return 0 screen.blit(surface, (100,50)) screen.blit(surface_re, surface_re.position) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface.get_rect()) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface_re.get_rect()) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(fps) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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• Flash framerate reliability

  - by Tim Cooper

  I am working in Flash and a few things have been brought to my attention. Below is some code I have some questions on: addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, function(e:Event):void { if (KEY_RIGHT) { // Move character right } // Etc. }); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, function(e:KeyboardEvent):void { // Report key which is down }); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, function(e:KeyboardEvent):void { // Report key which is up }); I have the project configured so that it has a framerate of 60 FPS. The two questions I have on this are: What happens when it is unable to call that function every 1/60 of a second? Is this a way of processing events that need to be limited by time (ex: a ball which needs to travel to the right of the screen from the left in X seconds)? Or should it be done a different way?

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• SlimDX and Parsing .X Files

  - by P. Avery

  I'm trying to parse a .x file using SlimDX. I can create the XFile object and register templates but I'm having problems with the enumeration object. The enumeration object has a child count of 0 for a file I know to have valid data. Here is code to create file, enumeration, and data objects: public void Parse(string filename, string templates, ref Frame aParam) { XFile xfile = null; XFileEnumerationObject enumObj = null; XFileData dataObj = null; // create file object xfile = new XFile(); // register templates if (xfile.RegisterTemplates(XFile.DefaultTemplates).IsFailure) { Console.WriteLine(Result.Last); xfile.Dispose(); return; } // create enumeration object enumObj = xfile.CreateEnumerationObject(filename, System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Auto); if (enumObj == null) { xfile.Dispose(); return; } // get child count( returns 0 here ) long ncElements = enumObj.ChildCount; for (int i = 0; i < ncElements; ++i) { // never reached... dataObj = enumObj.GetChild(i); if (dataObj.IsReference) continue; try { Parse(dataObj, ref aParam); } catch (Exception e) { e.Write(); } finally { dataObj.Dispose(); } } enumObj.Dispose(); xfile.Dispose(); } ...There are no exceptions thrown by this function...the child count is 0 so the conditional loop breaks right away, the file objects are disposed of and the function returns... Here is .x file...a simple cube: xof 0303txt 0032 Frame Root { FrameTransformMatrix { 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000;; } Frame Cube { FrameTransformMatrix { 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000;; } Mesh Cube{ //Cube Mesh 36; -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000; 1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;; 12; 3;0;1;2;, 3;3;4;5;, 3;6;7;8;, 3;9;10;11;, 3;12;13;14;, 3;15;16;17;, 3;18;19;20;, 3;21;22;23;, 3;24;25;26;, 3;27;28;29;, 3;30;31;32;, 3;33;34;35;; MeshNormals { //Mesh Normals 36; 0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000;-0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000;-0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000;-0.000000;, -0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 1.000000;-0.000001; 0.000000;, 1.000000;-0.000001; 0.000000;, 1.000000;-0.000001; 0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000; 0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000; 0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000;-1.000000;; 12; 3;0;1;2;, 3;3;4;5;, 3;6;7;8;, 3;9;10;11;, 3;12;13;14;, 3;15;16;17;, 3;18;19;20;, 3;21;22;23;, 3;24;25;26;, 3;27;28;29;, 3;30;31;32;, 3;33;34;35;; } //End of Mesh Normals MeshMaterialList { //Mesh Material List 1; 12; 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;; Material Material { 0.640000; 0.640000; 0.640000; 1.000000;; 96.078431; 0.500000; 0.500000; 0.500000;; 0.000000; 0.000000; 0.000000;; TextureFilename {"Yellow.jpg";} } } //End of Mesh Material List MeshTextureCoords UVMap{ //Mesh UV Coordinates 36; 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;; } //End of Mesh UV Coordinates } //End of Mesh Mesh } //End of Cube } //End of Root Frame

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• How to fix bad Collada produced by FBX?

  - by David

  I tried to use the FBX SDK (2011.3.1) to load FBX files and save them as Collada files in order to be able to import FBX files in Panda3D. Unfortunately the resulting Collada files are not usable for several reasons, among them: There's a Maya specific extra technique diffuse <diffuse> <texture texture="Map__2-image" texcoord="CHANNEL0"> <extra> <technique profile="MAYA"> <wrapU sid="wrapU0">TRUE</wrapU> <wrapV sid="wrapV0">TRUE</wrapV> <blend_mode>ADD</blend_mode> </technique> </extra> </texture> </diffuse> It assigns a texcoord channel name that isn't referenced anywhere else in the file (in the previous code sample, no geometry uses "CHANNEL0"...) Every polygon is exported twice, a first time with a basic material (only diffuse color, specular color, etc.) and a second time with a textured material -- this doubles the number of polygons of each model without any valuable reason Anyway, the resulting Collada file cannot be opened correctly either with OpenCOLLADA or Panda3D's "dae2egg". Anyone has any experience on how to "fix" it and make it understandable by common and well-reputed Collada importers such as OpenCOLLADA?

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• How do I import service references to Unity3D?

  - by Timothy Williams

  I'm attempting access a service reference in Unity. I need two: the SOAP framework and a separate service called ContentVault. The respective service URL's are: SOAP: http://api.microsofttranslator.com/V2/Soap.svc ContentVault: http://ioun.wizards.com/ContentVault.svc Both services import fine in to Visual Studio. I've tried everything I can think of but they won't work with Unity. I just get various errors (changing depending on which solution I'm trying out). I've attempted using svcutil to export the services as external scripts, but all I got was a bunch of using errors. I've tried converting the code to work with .NET 2.0 to no avail, I've even tried making the services in to .DLL's to no success. How could get these services working with Unity?

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• creating bounding box list

  - by Christian Frantz

  I'm trying to create a list of bounding boxes for each cube drawn, so I can use the boxes to intersect with a ray that my mouse position is casting, but I have no idea how. I've created a list that stores the boxes, but how am I getting the values from each box? for (int x = 0; x < mapHeight; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < mapWidth; z++) { cubes.Add(new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), Matrix.Identity, grass); boxList.Add(something here); } } public Cube(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { device = graphicsDevice; var vertices = new List<VertexPositionTexture>(); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 1)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 1, 1)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(1, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 1, 0)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); BuildFaceHorizontal(vertices, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(1, 1, 1)); BuildFaceHorizontal(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0)); cubeVertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, VertexPositionTexture.VertexDeclaration, vertices.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); cubeVertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionTexture>(vertices.ToArray()); } There aren't any clearly defined variables for the bounds of each cube created, so where do I create the bounding box from?

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• Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes vs Bounding Ellipse

  - by Griffin

  Why is it that most, if not all collision detection algorithms today require each body to have an AABB for the use in the broad phase only? It seems to me like simply placing a circle at the body's centroid, and extending the radius to where the circle encompasses the entire body would be optimal. This would not need to be updated after the body rotates and broad overlap-calculation would be faster to. Correct? Bonus: Would a bounding ellipse be practical for broad phase calculations also, since it would better represent long, skinny shapes? Or would it require extensive calculations, defeating the purpose of broad-phase?

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• Arbitrary Rotation about a Sphere

  - by Der

  I'm coding a mechanic which allows a user to move around the surface of a sphere. The position on the sphere is currently stored as theta and phi, where theta is the angle between the z-axis and the xz projection of the current position (i.e. rotation about the y axis), and phi is the angle from the y-axis to the position. I explained that poorly, but it is essentially theta = yaw, phi = pitch Vector3 position = new Vector3(0,0,1); position.X = (float)Math.Sin(phi) * (float)Math.Sin(theta); position.Y = (float)Math.Sin(phi) * (float)Math.Cos(theta); position.Z = (float)Math.Cos(phi); position *= r; I believe this is accurate, however I could be wrong. I need to be able to move in an arbitrary pseudo two dimensional direction around the surface of a sphere at the origin of world space with radius r. For example, holding W should move around the sphere in an upwards direction relative to the orientation of the player. I believe I should be using a Quaternion to represent the position/orientation on the sphere, but I can't think of the correct way of doing it. Spherical geometry is not my strong suit. Essentially, I need to fill the following block: public void Move(Direction dir) { switch (dir) { case Direction.Left: // update quaternion to rotate left break; case Direction.Right: // update quaternion to rotate right break; case Direction.Up: // update quaternion to rotate upward break; case Direction.Down: // update quaternion to rotate downward break; } }

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• OpenGL - Calculating camera view matrix

  - by Karle

  Problem I am calculating the model, view and projection matrices independently to be used in my shader as follows: gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); When I try to calculate my camera's view matrix the Z axis is flipped and my camera seems like it is looking backwards. My program is written in C# using the OpenTK library. Translation (Working) I've created a test scene as follows: From my understanding of the OpenGL coordinate system they are positioned correctly. The model matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); Matrix4 model = translation; The view matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(-cameraPosition); Matrix4 view = translation; Rotation (Not-Working) I now want to create the camera's rotation matrix. To do this I use the camera's right, up and forward vectors: // Hard coded example orientation: // Normally calculated from up and forward // Similar to look-at camera. Vector3 r = Vector.UnitX; Vector3 u = Vector3.UnitY; Vector3 f = -Vector3.UnitZ; Matrix4 rot = new Matrix4( r.X, r.Y, r.Z, 0, u.X, u.Y, u.Z, 0, f.X, f.Y, f.Z, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); This results in the following matrix being created: I know that multiplying by the identity matrix would produce no rotation. This is clearly not the identity matrix and therefore will apply some rotation. I thought that because this is aligned with the OpenGL coordinate system is should produce no rotation. Is this the wrong way to calculate the rotation matrix? I then create my view matrix as: // OpenTK is row-major so the order of operations is reversed: Matrix4 view = translation * rot; Rotation almost works now but the -Z/+Z axis has been flipped, with the green cube now appearing closer to the camera. It seems like the camera is looking backwards, especially if I move it around. My goal is to store the position and orientation of all objects (including the camera) as: Vector3 position; Vector3 up; Vector3 forward; Apologies for writing such a long question and thank you in advance. I've tried following tutorials/guides from many sites but I keep ending up with something wrong. Edit: Projection Matrix Set-up Matrix4 projection = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( (float)(0.5 * Math.PI), (float)display.Width / display.Height, 0.1f, 1000.0f);

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• Smooth animation in Cocos2d for iOS

  - by MrDatabase

  I move a simple CCSprite around the screen of an iOS device using this code: [self schedule:@selector(update:) interval:0.0167]; - (void) update:(ccTime) delta { CGPoint currPos = self.position; currPos.x += xVelocity; currPos.y += yVelocity; self.position = currPos; } This works however the animation is not smooth. How can I improve the smoothness of my animation? My scene is exceedingly simple (just has one full-screen CCSprite with a background image and a relatively small CCSprite that moves slowly). I've logged the ccTime delta and it's not consistent (it's almost always greater than my specified interval of 0.0167... sometimes up to a factor of 4x). I've considered tailoring the motion in the update method to the delta time (larger delta = larger movement etc). However given the simplicity of my scene it's seems there's a better way (and something basic that I'm probably missing).

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• How to label a cuboid?

  - by usha

  Hi this is how my 3dcuboid looks, I have attached the complete code. I want to label this cuboid using different names across sides, how is this possible using opengl on android? public class MyGLRenderer implements Renderer { Context context; Cuboid rect; private float mCubeRotation; // private static float angleCube = 0; // Rotational angle in degree for cube (NEW) // private static float speedCube = -1.5f; // Rotational speed for cube (NEW) public MyGLRenderer(Context context) { rect = new Cuboid(); this.context = context; } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the model-view matrix gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.0f, -8.0f); // Translate right and into the screen gl.glScalef(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f); // Scale down (NEW) gl.glRotatef(mCubeRotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // gl.glRotatef(angleCube, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // rotate about the axis (1,1,1) (NEW) rect.draw(gl); mCubeRotation -= 0.15f; //angleCube += speedCube; } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (height == 0) height = 1; // To prevent divide by zero float aspect = (float)width / height; // Set the viewport (display area) to cover the entire window gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Setup perspective projection, with aspect ratio matches viewport gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Select projection matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset projection matrix // Use perspective projection GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.f); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Select model-view matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset } public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color's clear-value to black gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); // Set depth's clear-value to farthest gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables depth-buffer for hidden surface removal gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); // The type of depth testing to do gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); // nice perspective view gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); // Enable smooth shading of color gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); // Disable dithering for better performance }} public class Cuboid{ private FloatBuffer mVertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer mColorBuffer; private ByteBuffer mIndexBuffer; private float vertices[] = { //width,height,depth -2.5f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private float colors[] = { // R,G,B,A COLOR 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private byte indices[] = { // VERTEX 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 REPRESENTATION FOR FACES 0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2 }; public Cuboid() { ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mVertexBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mVertexBuffer.put(vertices); mVertexBuffer.position(0); byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mColorBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mColorBuffer.put(colors); mColorBuffer.position(0); mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); mIndexBuffer.put(indices); mIndexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mVertexBuffer); gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mColorBuffer); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mIndexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); } } public class Draw3drect extends Activity { private GLSurfaceView glView; // Use GLSurfaceView // Call back when the activity is started, to initialize the view @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setRenderer(new MyGLRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer this.setContentView(glView); // This activity sets to GLSurfaceView } // Call back when the activity is going into the background @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); glView.onPause(); } // Call back after onPause() @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); glView.onResume(); } }

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• Billboarding restricted to an axis (cylindrical)

  - by user8709

  I have succesfully created a GLSL shader for a billboarding effect. I want to tweak this to restrict the billboarding to an arbitrary axis, i.e. a billboarded quad only rotates itself about the y-axis. I use the y-axis as an example, but essentially I would like this to be an arbitrary axis. Can anyone show me how to modify my existing shader below, or if I need to start from scratch, point me towards some resources that could be helpful? precision mediump float; uniform mat4 u_modelViewProjectionMat; uniform mat4 u_modelMat; uniform mat4 u_viewTransposeMat; uniform vec3 u_axis; // <------------ !!! the arbitrary axis to restrict rotation around attribute vec3 a_position0; attribute vec2 a_texCoord0; varying vec2 v_texCoord0; void main() { vec3 pos = (a_position0.x * u_viewTransposeMat[0] + a_position0.y * u_viewTransposeMat[1]).xyz; vec4 position = vec4(pos, 1.0); v_texCoord0 = a_texCoord0; gl_Position = u_modelViewProjectionMat * position; }

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