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  • side effect gotchas in python/numpy? horror stories and narrow escapes wanted

    - by shabbychef
    I am considering moving from Matlab to Python/numpy for data analysis and numerical simulations. I have used Matlab (and SML-NJ) for years, and am very comfortable in the functional environment without side effects (barring I/O), but am a little reluctant about the side effects in Python. Can people share their favorite gotchas regarding side effects, and if possible, how they got around them? As an example, I was a bit surprised when I tried the following code in Python: lofls = [[]] * 4 #an accident waiting to happen! lofls[0].append(7) #not what I was expecting... print lofls #gives [[7], [7], [7], [7]] #instead, I should have done this (I think) lofls = [[] for x in range(4)] lofls[0].append(7) #only appends to the first list print lofls #gives [[7], [], [], []] thanks in advance

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  • An efficient code to determine if a set is a subset of another set

    - by Edward
    I am looking for an efficient way to determine if a set is a subset of another set in Matlab or Mathematica. Example: Set A = [1 2 3 4] Set B = [4 3] Set C = [3 4 1] Set D = [4 3 2 1] The output should be: Set A Sets B and C belong to set A because A contains all of their elements, therefore, they can be deleted (the order of elements in a set doesn't matter). Set D has the same elements as set A and since set A precedes set D, I would like to simply keep set A and delete set D. So there are two essential rules: 1. Delete a set if it is a subset of another set 2. Delete a set if its elements are the same as those of a preceding set My Matlab code is not very efficient at doing this - it mostly consists of nested loops. Suggestions are very welcome! Additional explanation: the issue is that with a large number of sets there will be a very large number of pairwise comparisons.

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  • Different function returns from command line and within function

    - by Myx
    Hello: I have an extremely bizzare situation: I have a function in MATLAB which calls three other main functions and produces two figures for me. The function reads in an input jpeg image, crops it, segments it using kmeans clustering, and outputs 2 figures to the screen - the original image and the clustered image with the cluster centers indicated. Here is the function in MATLAB: function [textured_avg_x photo_avg_x] = process_database_images() clear all warning off %#ok type_num_max = 3; % type is 1='texture', 2='graph', or 3='photo' type_num_max = 1; img_max_num_photo = 100; % 400 photo images img_max_num_other = 100; % 100 textured, and graph images for type_num = 1:2:type_num_max if(type_num == 3) img_num_max = img_max_num_photo; else img_num_max = img_max_num_other; end img_num_max = 1; for img_num = 1:img_num_max [type img] = load_image(type_num, img_num); %img = imread('..\images\445.jpg'); img = crop_image(img); [IDX k block_bounds features] = segment_image(img); end end end The function segment_image first shows me the color image that was passed in, performs kmeans clustering, and outputs the clustered image. When I run this function on a particular image, I get 3 clusters (which is not what I expect to get). When I run the following commands from the MATLAB command prompt: >> img = imread('..\images\texture\1.jpg'); >> img = crop_image(img); >> segment_image(img); then the first image that is displayed by segment_image is the same as when I run the function (so I know that the clustering is done on the same image) but the number of clusters is 16 (which is what I expect). In fact, when I run my process_database_images() function on my entire image database, EVERY image is evaluated to have 3 clusters (this is a problem), whereas when I test some images individually, I get in the range of 12-16 clusters, which is what I prefer and expect. Why is there such a discrepancy? Am I having some syntax bug in my process_database_images() function? If more code is required from me (i.e. segment_images function, or crop_image function), please let me know. Thanks.

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  • Code coordinates to match compass bearings

    - by pinnacler
    Right now in Matlab (0,0) is the origin, 0 degrees / 2pi would be to the right of the cartesian plane and angles are measured counter clockwise with 90 degrees being at the top. I'm trying to write a simulator where the coordinates would match a compass bearing. 0/360 degrees or 2pi would be at the top and 90 degrees would be on the right. Any idea how to code in Matlab or c++? I'd imaging it'd be a matrix flipped about the x axis and rotated 90 degrees but I'm at a total loss. Phil

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  • An efficient code to determine if a set is a subset of another set

    - by Edward
    I am looking for an efficient way to determine if a set is a subset of another set in Matlab or Mathematica. Example: Set A = [1 2 3 4] Set B = [4 3] Set C = [3 4 1] Set D = [4 3 2 1] The output should be: Set A Sets B and C belong to set A because A contains all of their elements, therefore, they can be deleted (the order of elements in a set doesn't matter). Set D has the same elements as set A and since set A precedes set D, I would like to simply keep set A and delete set D. So there are two essential rules: 1. Delete a set if it is a subset of another set 2. Delete a set if its elements are the same as those of a preceding set My Matlab code is not very efficient at doing this - it mostly consists of nested loops. Suggestions are very welcome! Additional explanation: the issue is that with a large number of sets there will be a very large number of pairwise comparisons.

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  • How do I interpolate between points without going beyond them?

    - by user1774893
    I have data of variable lengths (reaching movements recorded in 2D) and want to create a function that will resample this data to a uniform length (500 samples). However, I want matlab to only resample between the maximum and minimum values given, without adding any additional distance. For instance, if I resample the matrix [1:1:10], the resampled matrix should have a minimum value of 1 and a maximum value of 10. So far I've tried the following: x = [1:1:10]; interp(x, 500 / length(x)); This, however, gives values above my maximum specified value of 10. Is there any way I can get matlab to resample/interpolate solely between two points, without extending beyond them?

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  • eliminating noise/spikes

    - by tgv
    I have a measurement data with similar positive and negative values which should be like: ReqData=[0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0]' However, there are some measurement noises in the data - so the real data is like this: RealData=[0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 2 2 2 2 -4 -1 0 0 2 2 2 2 -7 0 0 2 2 2 2 -1 0 0 2 2 2 0 0]' How do I remove the end noise from the RealData and convert it into ReqData using Matlab? How do I find the start and stop indexes of each set of positive or negative data and split them using Matlab? For instance, ansPositive = [3,8, 12, 15]' and ansNegative = [18, 23, 26, 30, 33, 37, 40, 42]'.

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  • What is most efficient way of setting row to zeros for a sparce scipy matrix?

    - by Alex Reinking
    I'm trying to convert the following MATLAB code to Python and am having trouble finding a solution that works in any reasonable amount of time. M = diag(sum(a)) - a; where = vertcat(in, out); M(where,:) = 0; M(where,where) = 1; Here, a is a sparse matrix and where is a vector (as are in/out). The solution I have using Python is: M = scipy.sparse.diags([degs], [0]) - A where = numpy.hstack((inVs, outVs)).astype(int) M = scipy.sparse.lil_matrix(M) M[where, :] = 0 # This is the slowest line M[where, where] = 1 M = scipy.sparse.csc_matrix(M) But since A is 334863x334863, this takes like three minutes. If anyone has any suggestions on how to make this faster, please contribute them! For comparison, MATLAB does this same step imperceptibly fast. Thanks!

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  • Can't figure out jQuery ajax call parameters

    - by chad larson
    I am learning jQuery and trying the following but the parameters are so foreign to me with all the embedded quotes I think that is my problem. Can someone explain the parameters and where quotes go and possibly rewrite my parameters line? (This is a live site to see the required parms). function AirportInfo() { var divToBeWorkedOn = '#detail'; var webMethod = "'http://ws.geonames.org/citiesJSON'"; var parameters = "{'north':'44.1','south':'9.9','east':'22.4','west':'55.2','lang':'de'}"; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: webMethod, data: parameters, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "json", success: function(msg) { alert(msg.d); $(divToBeWorkedOn).html(msg.d); }, error: function(xhr) { alert(xhr); alert(xhr.statusText); alert(xhr.responseText); $(divToBeWorkedOn).html("Unavailable"); } }); }

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  • Please help me decide how to figure out XNA's ContentPipeline

    - by DDTmanSP
    I have read this link : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb464156.aspx They said : "... the XNA Framework Redistributable file does not contain the Content Pipeline Build Runtime. Building content at run time is supported only when XNA Game Studio has been installed on the Windows-based development computer." Actually, before I know of that, I have already used a lot of content pipeline to help me read out my game's assets. And because of that, I am now very headache to confront the publish's problem "The application requires that the assemblies Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline 3.1.0.0 be installed ....." So I would like to find some ways that can help me solve this without convertion of my pipelines. So that I don't need to rewrite it all in new classes that manually load assets for me. Regard, DDTmanSP

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  • Create matplotlib legend out of the figure

    - by Werner
    I added the legend this way: leg = fig.legend((l0,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,l6), ('0 Cl : r2, slope, origin', '1 Cl :'+str(r1b)+' , '+str(m1)+' , '+str(b1), '2 Cl :'+str(r2b)+' , '+str(m2)+' , '+str(b2), '3 Cl :'+str(r3b)+' , '+str(m3)+' , '+str(b3), '4 Cl :'+str(r4b)+' , '+str(m4)+' , '+str(b4), '5 Cl :'+str(r5b)+' , '+str(m5)+' , '+str(b5), '6 Cl :'+str(r6b)+' , '+str(m6)+' , '+str(b6), ), 'upper right') but the legend appears inside the plot. How can I tell matplotlib to put it to the right of the plot and at the right?

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  • How to figure out which jars are needed?

    - by Ari
    How can I systematically determine which jars I'll need, and thus should include in my pom.xml file (I'm using maven as my project management tool)? When learning spring, to keep things simple, added all the jars (even the ones I never used) to the classpath. Right now for the most part, I'm guessing which jars to include. For example, I know in my spring configuration file, I have: <tx:annotation-driven /> <context:annotation-config /> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> So, I guess I'll need: spring-context-x.x.x.jar, spring-tx-x.x.x.jar, spring-aop-x.x.x.jar Thanks.

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  • Weird Issues with WPMU I Can't Figure Out

    - by HollerTrain
    I know I should post this on the WPMU forum, but no one writes me back and I'm just trying to find a larger audience hoping you have run into this issue as well. I have built a WPMU site for a client, and I am able to upload media into the Media Library and within a Post or Page perfectly. I thought my job was finished, yet the client can't upload any media at all. I'm located in Kentucky, they are located in New England (if that even matters). I had the client record their process of uploading as I thought they were simply not following my instructions for uploading, yet they are doing everything correctly. When uploading a file it goes through the process of allowing them to select a file and it says it uploads it, yet when it is finished uploading nothing is in the Media Library or in the Post. Video of the client trying to upload in Media Manager (http://www.screencast.com/users/CatherineWeber/folders/Jing/media/945d33fa-a752-45fd-9bc1-f76fc5a1814a) Video of the client trying to upload within a Post (http://www.screencast.com/users/CatherineWeber/folders/Jing/media/b5c60e25-f0b5-40c0-a820-c2fc9eb00906) Asking the client to disable Flash Uploader didn't work :( Yet, I can login to the WPMU site, access their blog's backend and can easily upload a ton of files. I am so lost at to what the issue is here. I am running version 2.8.4a, and will try to upgrade to latest release hoping this will fix things.

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  • Passenger error message I can't figure out

    - by Sam Kong
    Hi, I am testing Rails 3 on DreamHost which just installed Rails 3. I created a simple controller and it failed. Browser shows 500 error (Internal Server Error) and the log shows the following message. Could not find i18n-0.5.0 in any of the sources Try running `bundle install`. *** Exception EOFError in spawn manager (Unexpected end-of-file detected.) (process 17951): from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/utils.rb:306:in `unmarshal_and_raise_errors' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner.rb:71:in `spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner.rb:41:in `spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager.rb:159:in `spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager.rb:287:in `handle_spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb:352:in `__send__' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb:352:in `main_loop' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb:196:in `start_synchronously' from /dh/passenger/bin/passenger-spawn-server:61 [ pid=13245 file=ext/apache2/Hooks.cpp:727 time=2010-12-24 12:13:38.287 ]: Unexpected error in mod_passenger: Cannot spawn application '/home/cp_rails3/sites/rails3.codepremise.com': The spawn server has exited unexpectedly. Backtrace: in 'virtual boost::shared_ptr<Passenger::Application::Session> Passenger::ApplicationPoolServer::Client::get(const Passenger::PoolOptions&)' (ApplicationPoolServer.h:471) in 'int Hooks::handleRequest(request_rec*)' (Hooks.cpp:523) It runs fine in console (app.get "url") and also ok with "rails server". What's wrong? Thanks. Sam

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  • bug/error in basis set path algorithm i can't figure out

    - by Roy McAvoy
    The following looks through a 2d array to find basis set paths. It is supposed to print out the individual paths but not repeat any and end when all paths are found. It however doesn't stop at the last path and has a bug in it somewhere in which the following happens: It goes halfway through the path and then goes to zero and ends the path for some reason. For example the table is filled with the following: all 0s, except for [1][2], [1][3], [2][4], [2][5], [3][5], [4][6], [5][6], [6][0] which all have a 1 in them. The desired paths are P1: 1 2 4 6 0 P2: 1 3 5 6 0 P3: 1 2 5 6 0. The output I get when i run the program is 12460 13560 1250 124 Any and all help on this is much appreciated, this is just the function that scans through the array looking for paths, I can add the entire program if that would be helpful. Thanks.. void find_path(int map[][MAX], int x){ int path =0; int m=1; int blah=0; bool path_found = false; do { for(int n=0;n<(x+1);n++){ if(map[m][n]==-1){ blah=(n+1); if(blah<(x+1)){ for(blah;blah<(x+1);blah++){ if(map[m][blah]==1){ map[m][blah]=-1; path=m; path_found = true; cout<<path; m=blah; n=0; } } } else{ path=m; path_found=false; cout<<path; m=n; if(m==0){ path=0; cout<<path<<endl; m=1; path_found=false; } } } else if(map[m][n]==1){ map[m][n]=-1; path=m; path_found = true; cout<<path; m=n; if(m==0){ path=0; cout<<path<<endl; m=1; path_found=false; } } } } while(m<(x+1) && path_found); }

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  • Python: Figure out local timezone

    - by Adam Matan
    I want to compare UTC timestamps from a log file with local timestamps. When creating the local datetime object, I use something like: >>> local_time=datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 27, 12, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Israel')) I want to find an automatic tool that would replace thetzinfo=pytz.timezone('Israel') with the current local time zone. Any ideas?

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  • Figure out if element is present in multi-dimensional array in python

    - by Terje
    I am parsing a log containing nicknames and hostnames. I want to end up with an array that contains the hostname and the latest used nickname. I have the following code, which only creates a list over the hostnames: hostnames = [] # while(parsing): # nick = nick_on_current_line # host = host_on_current_line if host in hostnames: # Hostname is already present. pass else: # Hostname is not present hostnames.append(host) print hostnames # ['[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]'] I thought it would be nice to end up with something along the lines of the following: # [['[email protected]', 'John'], ['[email protected]', 'Mary'], ['[email protected]', 'Joe']] My problem is finding out if the hostname is present in such a list hostnames = [] # while(parsing): # nick = nick_on_current_line # host = host_on_current_line if host in hostnames[0]: # This doesn't work. # Hostname is already present. # Somehow check if the nick stored together # with the hostname is the latest one else: # Hostname is not present hostnames.append([host, nick]) Are there any easy fix to this, or should I try a different approach? I could always have an array with objects or structs (if there is such a thing in python), but I would prefer a solution to my array problem.

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  • Can't figure out how to use db:seed for rails in netbeans

    - by user317766
    can't seem to get my seeds.rb file to run through the command "rake db:seed". I'm using netbeans and I'm a beginner to rails, so I could be doing something really simple and stupid =/. I know you're meant to put your seeds.rb file in the db directory but netbeans doesn't seem to have one or might have renamed it... any help out there? Thanks in advance!

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  • rewritten mysql query returning unexpected results, trying to figure out why

    - by dq
    I created a messy query in a hurry a while ago to get a list of product codes. I am now trying to clean up my tables and my code. I recently tried to rewrite the query in order for it to be easier to use and understand. The original query works great, but it requires multiple search strings in order to do one search because it uses UNIONS, and it has a few other issues. My newly modified query is easier to understand, and only requires one search string, but is returning different results. Basically the new query is leaving records out, and I would like to understand why, and how to fix it. Here are the two queries (search strings are all null): Original Query: $query = 'SELECT product_code FROM bus_warehouse_lots WHERE status=\'2\''.$search_string_1 .' UNION SELECT product_code FROM bus_po WHERE status=\'0\''.$search_string_2 .' UNION SELECT bus_warehouse_entries.new_product_code AS product_code FROM (bus_warehouse_entries LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_transfers ON bus_warehouse_entries.picking_ticket_num=bus_warehouse_transfers.pt_number) LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_lots ON bus_warehouse_entries.ebooks_lot_id=bus_warehouse_lots.id WHERE bus_warehouse_entries.type=\'6\' AND bus_warehouse_transfers.status=\'0\''.$search_string_3 .' UNION SELECT bus_contracts.main_product AS product_code FROM bus_contracts LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_lots ON bus_contracts.main_product=bus_warehouse_lots.product_code WHERE bus_contracts.status=\'0\''.$search_string_4 .' UNION SELECT prod_id AS product_code FROM bus_products WHERE last_usage > \''.date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-12 months')).'\''.$search_string_5 .' ORDER BY product_code'; New Query: $query = 'SELECT bus_products.prod_id FROM bus_products' .' LEFT JOIN (bus_warehouse_lots, bus_po, bus_warehouse_entries, bus_contracts) ON (' .'bus_products.prod_id = bus_warehouse_lots.product_code' .' AND bus_products.prod_id = bus_po.product_code' .' AND bus_products.prod_id = bus_warehouse_entries.new_product_code' .' AND bus_products.prod_id = bus_contracts.main_product)' .' LEFT JOIN bus_warehouse_transfers ON' .' bus_warehouse_entries.picking_ticket_num = bus_warehouse_transfers.pt_number' .' WHERE (bus_products.last_usage > \''.date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-12 months')).'\'' .' OR bus_warehouse_lots.status = \'2\'' .' OR bus_po.status = \'0\'' .' OR (bus_warehouse_entries.type = \'6\' AND bus_warehouse_transfers.status = \'0\')' .' OR bus_contracts.status = \'0\')' .$search_string_6 .' GROUP BY bus_products.prod_id' .' ORDER BY bus_products.prod_id';

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