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  • NULL pointer dereference in C

    - by user554125
    hey ive got this piece of code. It dereferences a null pointer here. But then there is an and with unsigned int. I really dont understand the whole part. Can someone explain the output.?? struct hi { long a; int b; long c; }; int main() { struct hi ob={3,4,5}; struct hi *ptr=&ob; int num= (unsigned int) & (((struct hi *)0)->b); printf("%d",num); printf("%d",*(int *)((char *)ptr + (unsigned int) & (((struct hi *)0)->b))); } The o/p i get is 44 .But how does it work?

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  • Access array of c-structs using Python ctypes

    - by sadris
    I have a C-function that allocates memory at the address passed to and is accessed via Python. The pointer contents does contain an array of structs in the C code, but I am unable to get ctypes to access the array properly beyond the 0th element. How can I get the proper memory offset to be able to access the non-zero elements? Python's ctypes.memset is complaining about TypeErrors if I try to use their ctypes.memset function. typedef struct td_Group { unsigned int group_id; char groupname[256]; char date_created[32]; char date_modified[32]; unsigned int user_modified; unsigned int user_created; } Group; int getGroups(LIBmanager * handler, Group ** unallocatedPointer); ############# python code below: class Group(Structure): _fields_ = [("group_id", c_uint), ("groupname", c_char*256), ("date_created", c_char*32), ("date_modified", c_char*32), ("user_modified", c_uint), ("user_created", c_uint)] myGroups = c_void_p() count = libnativetest.getGroups( nativePointer, byref(myGroups) ) casted = cast( myGroups, POINTER(Group*count) ) for x in range(0,count): theGroup = cast( casted[x], POINTER(Group) ) # this only works for the first entry in the array: print "~~~~~~~~~~" + theGroup.contents.groupname Related: Access c_char_p_Array_256 in Python using ctypes

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  • List<MyClass*> & array question

    - by Nano HE
    Hi, Assuming a definition like this, list<MyCommand*> subList ... MyCommand* pCmd = (MyCommand*)(m_treeSM.GetItemData(node)); I tried these statements below, but failed. pCmd->subList[2] (pCmd->subList)[2] How can I get the array member values(such as subList[2]). I want to replace the value of subList[2] with other same type value. Thank you.

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  • Accessing any structs members at run-time.

    - by jmgunn
    Is it possible to get access to an individual member of a struct or class without knowing the names of its member variables? I would like to do an "offsetof(struct, tyname)" without having the struct name or member variable name hard coded amoungst other things. thanks.

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  • Detect pointer arithmetics because of LARGEADDRESSAWARE

    - by Suma
    I would like to switch my application to LARGEADDRESSAWARE. One of issues to watch for is pointer arithmetic, as pointer difference can no longer be represented as signed 32b. Is there some way how to find automatically all instances of pointer subtraction in a large C++ project? If not, is there some "least effort" manual or semi-automatic method how to achieve this?

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  • A way of allocating multidimensional arrays dynamically

    - by C77431
    salute.. I am learning dynamic allocations for multidimensional arrays in a book and I found some ways for that, And now haven't problem in it. But the author of the book shows us a way, but it doesn't work correctly. It is this: pbeans = new double [3][4]; // Allocate memory for a 3x4 array And this is the error: error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'int (*)[4]' to 'int *' how should i define pbeans ( if this type of coding is legal)? and what is the problem exactly? Regards.

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  • Determining if Memory Pointer is Valid - C++

    - by Jim Fell
    It has been my observation that if free( ptr ) is called where ptr is not a valid pointer to system-allocated memory, an access violation occurs. Let's say that I call free like this: LPVOID ptr = (LPVOID)0x12345678; free( ptr ); This will most definitely cause an access violation. Is there a way to test that the memory location pointed to by ptr is valid system-allocated memory? It seems to me that the the memory management part of the Windows OS kernel must know what memory has been allocated and what memory remains for allocation. Otherwise, how could it know if enough memory remains to satisfy a given request? (rhetorical) That said, it seems reasonable to conclude that there must be a function (or set of functions) that would allow a user to determine if a pointer is valid system-allocated memory. Perhaps Microsoft has not made these functions public. If Microsoft has not provided such an API, I can only presume that it was for an intentional and specific reason. Would providing such a hook into the system prose a significant threat to system security? Situation Report Although knowing whether a memory pointer is valid could be useful in many scenarios, this is my particular situation: I am writing a driver for a new piece of hardware that is to replace an existing piece of hardware that connects to the PC via USB. My mandate is to write the new driver such that calls to the existing API for the current driver will continue to work in the PC applications in which it is used. Thus the only required changes to existing applications is to load the appropriate driver DLL(s) at startup. The problem here is that the existing driver uses a callback to send received serial messages to the application; a pointer to allocated memory containing the message is passed from the driver to the application via the callback. It is then the responsibility of the application to call another driver API to free the memory by passing back the same pointer from the application to the driver. In this scenario the second API has no way to determine if the application has actually passed back a pointer to valid memory.

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  • C++ deleting a pointer

    - by eSKay
    On this page, its written that One reason is that the operand of delete need not be an lvalue. Consider: delete p+1; delete f(x); Here, the implementation of delete does not have a pointer to which it can assign zero. Adding a number to a pointer shifts it forward in memory by those many number of sizeof(*p) units. So, what is the difference between delete p and delete p+1, and why would making the pointer 0 only be a problem with delete p+1?

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  • C String input confusion

    - by ahref
    C really isn't my strong point and after reading 3 chapters of a book on the subject and spending ages trying to get stuff working it just doesn't: #include <stdio.h> char *a,*b; int main( ) { char input[10]; fgets(input,sizeof input, stdin); a = input; fgets(input,sizeof input, stdin); b = input; printf("%s : %s",a,b); } I've isolated the problem from my main project. This code is meant to read in two strings and then print them however it seems to be setting a and b to point to input. Sample output from this code when A and B are entered is(don't worry about the \n's i can remove them): A B B : B How do i store the value of input in another variable eg. a or b so that in the above case A B A : B Is output? Thanks

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  • NULL pointer comparison fails

    - by Ilya
    Hello, I'm initializing in a class a pointer to be NULL. Afterwards I check if it is NULL in the same class. But it's not always 0x0. Sometimes it's 0x8 or 0xfeffffff or 0x3f800000 or 0x80 or other strange stuff. In most case the pointer is 0x0 but sometimes it gets altered somehow. I'm sure that I'm not changing it anywhere in my code. Is there a way it gets changed by "itself"? Here's my code: MeshObject::MeshObject() { mesh.vertexColors = NULL; } MeshObject::MeshObject(const MeshObject &_copyFromMe) { SimpleLog("vertexColors pointer: %p", _copyFromMe.mesh.vertexColors); if (_copyFromMe.mesh.vertexColors != NULL) { SimpleLog("vertexColors"); this->mesh.vertexColors = new tColor4i[_copyFromMe.mesh.vertexCount]; memcpy(this->mesh.vertexColors, _copyFromMe.mesh.vertexColors, _copyFromMe.mesh.vertexCount * sizeof(tColor4i) ); } } My application crashes, because vertexColors wasn't initialized and is being copied. However it is NULL and shouldn't be copied. Thanks.

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  • Decayed multidimensional array return from function

    - by paul simmons
    related to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2520535/gcc-multi-dim-array-or-double-pointer-for-warning-free-compile , is there a way to return so-called "decayed array pointer" from a function? in summary (suppose 2 dim array) returning int (*a)[5] format rather than int** format? as far as I see, when returned int** pointer is sent to another function waiting (int*)[] parameter, it is not working correctly.

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  • Passing an array of an array of char to a function

    - by L.A. Rabida
    In my program, I may need to load a large file, but not always. So I have defined: char** largefilecontents; string fileName="large.txt"; When I need to load the file, the program calles this function: bool isitok=LoadLargeFile(fileName,largefilecontents); And the function is: bool LoadLargeFile(string &filename, char ** &lines) { if (lines) delete [] lines; ifstream largeFile; #ifdef LINUX largeFile.open(filename.c_str()); #endif #ifdef WINDOWS largeFile.open(filename.c_str(),ios::binary); #endif if (!largeFile.is_open()) return false; lines=new char *[10000]; if (!lines) return false; largeFile.clear(); largeFile.seekg(ios::beg); for (int i=0; i>-1; i++) { string line=""; getline(largeFile,line); if (largeFile.tellg()==-1) break; //when end of file is reached, tellg returns -1 lines[i]=new char[line.length()]; lines[i]=const_cast<char*>(line.c_str()); cout << lines[i] << endl; //debug output } return true; } When I view the debug output of this function, "cout << lines[i] << endl;", it is fine. But when I then check this in the main program like this, it is all messed up: for (i=0; i<10000; i++) cout << largefilecontents[i] << endl; So within the function LoadLargeFile(), the results are fine, but without LoadLargeFile(), the results are all messed up. My guess is that the char ** &lines part of the function isn't right, but I do not know what this should be. Could someone help me? Thank you in advance!

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  • Could I ever want to access the address zero?

    - by Joel
    The constant 0 is used as the null pointer in C and C++. But as in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2389251/pointer-to-a-specific-fixed-address there seems to be some possible use of assigning fixed addresses. Is there ever any conceivable need, in any system, for whatever low level task, for accessing the address 0? If there is, how is that solved with 0 being the null pointer and all? If not, what makes it certain that there is not such a need?

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  • Class lookup structure array in C++

    - by wyatt
    I'm trying to create a structure array which links input strings to classes as follows: struct {string command; CommandPath cPath;} cPathLookup[] = { {"set an alarm", AlarmCommandPath}, {"send an email", EmailCommandPath}, {"", NULL} }; which will be used as follows: CommandPath *cPath = NULL; string input; getline(cin, input); for(int i = 0; cPathLookup[i] != ""; i++) { if(cPathLookup[i].command == input) cPath = new cPathLookup[i].cPath; } Obviously, this code is meaningless, but I think my intention is apparent - depending on input, I'd like cPath to be initialized as either a new AlarmCommandPath or a new EmailCommandPath. I could handle it with a function returning an instance depending on input, but a whole sequence of ifs just seems inelegant. I should also note that, in case it's not apparent and important, that AlarmCommandPath and EmailCommandPath are derived from CommandPath, and CommandPath is an abstract class. Thanks for any help you can offer. EDIT: I just noticed that, in spite of CommandPath being abstract, I have a declaration: CommandPath *cPath = NULL; in working code. Why does that compile?

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  • add space to every word's end in a string in C

    - by hlx98007
    Here I have a string: *line = "123 567 890 "; with 2 spaces at the end. I wish to add those 2 spaces to 3's end and 7's end to make it like this: "123 567 890" I was trying to achieve the following steps: parse the string into words by words list (array of strings). From upstream function I will get values of variables word_count, *line and remain. concatenate them with a space at the end. add space distributively, with left to right priority, so when a fair division cannot be done, the second to last word's end will have (no. of spaces) spaces, the previous ones will get (spaces + 1) spaces. concatenate everything together to make it a new *line. Here is a part of my faulty code: int add_space(char *line, int remain, int word_count) { if (remain == 0.0) return 0; // Don't need to operate. int ret; char arr[word_count][line_width]; memset(arr, 0, word_count * line_width * sizeof(char)); char *blank = calloc(line_width, sizeof(char)); if (blank == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "calloc for arr error!\n"); return -1; } for (int i = 0; i < word_count; i++) { ret = sscanf(line, "%s", arr[i]); // gdb shows somehow it won't read in. if (ret != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error occured!\n"); return -1; } arr[i] = strcat(arr[i], " "); // won't compile. } size_t spaces = remain / (word_count * 1.0); memset(blank, ' ', spaces + 1); for (int i = 0; i < word_count - 1; i++) { arr[0] = strcat(arr[i], blank); // won't compile. } memset(blank, ' ', spaces); arr[word_count-1] = strcat(arr[word_count-1], blank); for (int i = 1; i < word_count; i++) { arr[0] = strcat(arr[0], arr[i]); } free(blank); return 0; } It is not working, could you help me find the parts that do not work and fix them please? Thank you guys.

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  • Fortran pointer as an argument to interface procedure

    - by icarusthecow
    Im trying to use interfaces to call different subroutines with different types, however, it doesnt seem to work when i use the pointer attribute. for example, take this sample code MODULE ptr_types TYPE, abstract :: parent INTEGER :: q END TYPE TYPE, extends(parent) :: child INTEGER :: m END TYPE INTERFACE ptr_interface MODULE PROCEDURE do_something END INTERFACE CONTAINS SUBROUTINE do_something(atype) CLASS(parent), POINTER :: atype ! code determines that this allocation is correct from input ALLOCATE(child::atype) WRITE (*,*) atype%q END SUBROUTINE END MODULE PROGRAM testpass USE ptr_types CLASS(child), POINTER :: ctype CALL ptr_interface(ctype) END PROGRAM This gives error Error: There is no specific subroutine for the generic 'ptr_interface' at (1) however if i remove the pointer attribute in the subroutine it compiles fine. Now, normally this wouldnt be a problem, but for my use case i need to be able to treat that argument as a pointer, mainly so i can allocate it if necessary. Any suggestions? Mind you I'm new to fortran so I may have missed something edit: forgot to put the allocation in the parents subroutine, the initial input is unallocated EDIT 2 this is my second attempt, with caller side casting MODULE ptr_types TYPE, abstract :: parent INTEGER :: q END TYPE TYPE, extends(parent) :: child INTEGER :: m END TYPE TYPE, extends(parent) :: second INTEGER :: meow END TYPE CONTAINS SUBROUTINE do_something(this, type_num) CLASS(parent), POINTER :: this INTEGER type_num IF (type_num == 0) THEN ALLOCATE (child::this) ELSE IF (type_num == 1) THEN ALLOCATE (second::this) ENDIF END SUBROUTINE END MODULE PROGRAM testpass USE ptr_types CLASS(child), POINTER :: ctype SELECT TYPE(ctype) CLASS is (parent) CALL do_something(ctype, 0) END SELECT WRITE (*,*) ctype%q END PROGRAM however this still fails. in the select statement it complains that parent must extend child. Im sure this is due to restrictions when dealing with the pointer attribute, for type safety, however, im looking for a way to convert a pointer into its parent type for generic allocation. Rather than have to write separate allocation functions for every type and hope they dont collide in an interface or something. hopefully this example will illustrate a little more clearly what im trying to achieve, if you know a better way let me know

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  • C++ dynamic array causes segmentation fault at assigment

    - by opc0de
    I am doing a application witch uses sockets so I am holding in an array the sockets handles.I have the following code: while(0 == 0){ int * tx = (int*)(malloc((nr_con + 2) * sizeof(int))); if (conexiuni != NULL) { syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Ajung la eliberare %d",nr_con); memcpy(&tx[0],&conexiuni[0],(sizeof(int) * (nr_con))); syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Ajung la eliberare %d",nr_con); free(conexiuni); } conexiuni = tx; syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Ajung la mama %d",nr_con); //The line bellow causes a segfault at second connection if ((conexiuni[nr_con] = accept(hsock,(sockaddr*)(&sadr),&addr_size)) != -1) { nr_con++; syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"Primesc de la %s",inet_ntoa(sadr.sin_addr)); syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"kkt %d",conexiuni[nr_con - 1]); int * sz = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); *sz = conexiuni[nr_con - 1]; syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"after %d",*sz); pthread_create(&tidi,0,&ConexiuniHandler, sz); } } When I connect the second time when I assign the array the program crashes. What am I doing wrong? I tried the same code on Windows and it works well but on Linux it crashes.

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  • How to return a copy of the data in C++

    - by Josh Curren
    I am trying to return a new copy of the data in a C++ Template class. The following code is getting this error: invalid conversion from ‘int*’ to ‘int’. If I remove the new T then I am not returning a copy of the data but a pointer to it. template<class T> T OrderedList<T>::get( int k ) { Node<T>* n = list; for( int i = 0; i < k; i++ ) { n=n->get_link(); } return new T( n->get_data() ); // This line is getting the error ********** }

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  • Problem with pointer copy in C

    - by Stefano Salati
    I radically re-edited the question to explain better my application, as the xample I made up wasn't correct in many ways as you pointed out: I have one pointer to char and I want to copy it to another pointer and then add a NULL character at the end (in my real application, the first string is a const, so I cannot jsut modify it, that's why I need to copy it). I have this function, "MLSLSerialWriteBurst" which I have to fill with some code adapt to my microcontroller. tMLError MLSLSerialWriteBurst( unsigned char slaveAddr, unsigned char registerAddr, unsigned short length, const unsigned char *data ) { unsigned char *tmp_data; tmp_data = data; *(tmp_data+length) = NULL; // this function takes a tmp_data which is a char* terminated with a NULL character ('\0') if(EEPageWrite2(slaveAddr,registerAddr,tmp_data)==0) return ML_SUCCESS; else return ML_ERROR; } I see there's a problem here: tha fact that I do not initialize tmp_data, but I cannot know it's length.

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  • C pointer initialization and dereferencing, what's wrong here?

    - by randombits
    This should be super simple, but I'm not sure why the compiler is complaining here. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int *n = 5; printf ("n: %d", *n); exit(0); } Getting the following complaints: foo.c: In function ‘main’: foo.c:6: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast I just want to print the value that the pointer n references. I'm dereferencing it in the printf() statement and I get a segmentation fault. Compiling this with gcc -o foo foo.c.

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  • How to declare a pointer to a variable as a parameter of a function in C++?

    - by Keand64
    I have a function that takes a pointer to a D3DXVECTOR3, but I have no reason to declare this beforehand. The most logical solution to me was using new: Function( //other parameters, new D3DXVECTOR3(x, y, 0)); but I don't know how I would go about deleting it, beign intitialized in a function. My next thought was to use the & operator, like so: Function( //other parameters, &D3DVECTOR3(x, y, 0)); but I don't know if this is a valid way to go about doing this. (It doesn't get an error, but neither does int *x; x = 50;). So should I use new, &, or some other technique I'm overlooking?

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