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  • C++: getting the address of the start of an std::vector ?

    - by shoosh
    Sometimes it is useful to use the starting address of an std::vector and temporarily treat that address as the address of a regularly allocated buffer. For instance replace this: char* buf = new char[size]; fillTheBuffer(buf, size); useTheBuffer(buf, size); delete[] buf; With This: vector<char> buf(size); fillTheBuffer(&buf[0], size); useTheBuffer(&buf[0], size); The advantage of this is of course that the buffer is deallocated automatically and I don't have to worry about the delete[]. The problem I'm having with this is when size == 0. In that case the first version works ok. An empty buffer is "allocated" and the subsequent functions do nothing size they get size == 0. The second version however fails if size == 0 since calling buf[0] may rightly contain an assertion that 0 < size. So is there an alternative to the idiom &buf[0] that returns the address of the start of the vector even if the vector is empty? I've also considered using buf.begin() but according to the standard it isn't even guaranteed to return a pointer.

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  • What does this pointer-heavy C code do?

    - by justRadojko
    Could someone explain to me what should two following lines do: s.httpheaderline[s.httpheaderlineptr] = *(char *)uip_appdata; ++((char *)uip_appdata); This is taken from uIP code for microcontrollers. s - structure httpheaderline - http packet presented as a string httpheadrlineptr - integer value uip_appdata - received ethernet packet (string) If some more info is needed please let me know. BTW. Eclipse is reporting an error on the second line with message Invalid lvalue in increment so i'm trying to figure out how to solve this.

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  • What does the Asterisk * mean in Objective-C?

    - by Thanks
    Is it true, that the Asterisk always means "Hey, that is a pointer!" And an Pointer always holds an memory adress? (Yes I know for the exception that a * is used for math operation) For Example: NSString* myString; or SomeClass* thatClass; or (*somePointerToAStruct).myStructComponent = 5; I feel that there is more I need to know about the Asterirsk (*) than that I use it when defining an Variable that is a pointer to a class. Because sometimes I already say in the declaration of an parameter that the Parameter variable is a pointer, and still I have to use the Asterisk in front of the Variable in order to access the value. That recently happened after I wanted to pass a pointer of an struct to a method in a way like [myObj myMethod:&myStruct], I could not access a component value from that structure even though my method declaration already said that there is a parameter (DemoStruct*)myVar which indeed should be already known as a pointer to that demostruct, still I had always to say: "Man, compiler. Listen! It IIISSS a pointer:" and write: (*myVar).myStructComponentX = 5; I really really really do not understand why I have to say that twice. And only in this case. When I use the Asterisk in context of an NSString* myString then I can just access myString however I like, without telling the compiler each time that it's a pointer. i.e. like using *myString = @"yep". It just makes no sense to me.

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  • Misunderstanding function pointer - passing it as an argument

    - by Stef
    I want to pass a member function of class A to class B via a function pointer as argument. Please advise whether this road is leading somewhere and help me fill the pothole. #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A{ public: int dosomeA(int x){ cout<< "doing some A to "<<x <<endl; return(0); } }; class B{ public: B(int (*ptr)(int)){ptr(0);}; }; int main() { A a; int (*APtr)(int)=&A::dosomeA; B b(APtr); return 0; } This brilliant piece of code leaves me with the compiler error: cannot convert int (A::*)(int)' toint (*)(int)' in initialization Firstly I want it to compile. Secondly I don't want dosomeA to be STATIC.

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  • Object allocation in C++

    - by Poiuyt
    char *myfunc() { char *temp = "string"; return temp; } In this piece of code, where does the allocation of the object pointed to by temp happen and what would be its scope? Is this function a valid way to return a char* pointer?

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  • C++ standard: dereferencing NULL pointer to get a reference?

    - by shoosh
    I'm wondering about what the C++ standard says about code like this: int* ptr = NULL; int& ref = *ptr; int* ptr2 = &ref; In practice the result is that ptr2 is NULL but I'm wondering, is this just an implementation detail or is this well defined in the standard? Under different circumstances a dereferencing of a NULL pointer should result in a crash but here I'm dereferencing it to get a reference which is implemented by the compiler as a pointer so there's really no actual dereferencing of NULL.

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  • What is wrong in this c++ code?

    - by narayanpatra
    Why this coder do not show error #include <iostream> int main() { using namespace std; unsigned short int myInt = 99; unsigned short int * pMark = 0; cout << myInt << endl; pMark = &myInt; *pMark = 11; cout << "*pMark:\t" << *pMark << "\nmyInt:\t" << myInt << endl; return 0; } But this one shows : #include<iostream> using namespace std; int addnumber(int *p, int *q){ cout << *p = 12 << endl; cout << *q = 14 << endl; } #include<iostream> using namespace std; int addnumber(int *p, int *q){ cout << *p = 12 << endl; cout << *q = 14 << endl; } int main() { int i , j; cout << "enter the value of first number"; cin >> i; cout << "enter the value of second number"; cin >> j; addnumber(&i, &j); cout << i << endl; cout << j << endl; } In both the code snippets, I am assigning *pointer=somevalue. In first code it do not show any error but it shows error in the line cout << *p = 12 << endl; cout << *q = 14 << endl; What mistake I am doing ?

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  • What is wrong with my version of strchr?

    - by Eduard Saakashvili
    My assignment is to write my own version of strchr, yet it doesn't seem to work. Any advice would be much appreciated. Here it is: char *strchr (const char *s, int c) //we are looking for c on the string s { int dog; //This is the index on the string, initialized as 0 dog = 0; int point; //this is the pointer to the location given by the index point = &s[dog]; while ((s[dog] != c) && (s[dog] != '\0')) { //it keeps adding to dog until it stumbles upon either c or '\0' dog++; } if (s[dog]==c) { return point; //at this point, if this value is equal to c it returns the pointer to that location } else { return NULL; //if not, this means that c is not on the string } }

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  • enable_shared_from_this and inheritance

    - by DeadMG
    I've got a type which inherits from enable_shared_from_this<type>, and another type that inherits from this type. Now I can't use the shared_from_this method because it returns the base type and in a specific derived class method I need the derived type. Is it valid to just construct a shared_ptr from this directly? Edit: In a related question, how can I move from an rvalue of type shared_ptr<base> to a type of shared_ptr<derived>? I used dynamic_cast to verify that it really was the correct type, but now I can't seem to accomplish the actual move.

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  • What is better: to delete pointer or set it with a new value?

    - by user63898
    Hi simple question in c++ , say i have a loop and i have function that returns pointer to item so i have to define inner loop pointer so my question is what to do with the pointer inside the loop , delete it ? or to set it with new value is good for example: for(int i =0;i<count();i++) { ptrTmp* ptr = getItemPtr(); // do somthing with the ptr ... // what to do here ? to delete the poinetr or not? delete ptr; // ?? }

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  • Can I access type int (*)[] with [][]?

    - by Framester
    Hi coming from this question "What does (int (*)[])var1 stand for?" I tried to access the result of the cast like a multidimensional array. But I get following error: "assignment from incompatible pointer type" followed by a segmentation fault. I tried also some other variations, but none of them worked. How can I access the elements in var1 in the function example directly? Thank you! #include <stdlib.h> int i(int n,int m,int var1[n][m]) { var1[0][0]=5; return var1[0][0]; } int example() { int *var1 = malloc(100); // works int var2; var2 = i(10,10,(int (*)[])var1); printf("var2=%i",var2); //doesn't work I int *var3; var3=(int (*)[])var1; //"assignment from incompatible pointer type" printf("var3[0][0]=%i",var3[0][0]); //doesn't work II int *var4; var4=var1; printf("var4[0][0]=%i",var4[0][0]); //" error: subscripted value is neither array nor pointer" //doesn't work III int **var5; var5=var1; printf("var5[0][0]=%i",var5[0][0]); // assignment from incompatible pointer type return(1); } int main(){ int a; a=example(); return(1); }

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  • make it simpler and efficient

    - by gcc
    temp1=*tutar[1]; //i hold input in char *tutar[] if(temp1!='x'||temp1!='n') arrays[1]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays); //if second input is int a=0; n=i; for(i=1;i<n;++i) { temp1=*tutar[i]; if(temp1=='d') { ++i; j=atoi(tutar[i]); free(arrays[j]); continue; } if(temp1=='x') break; if(temp1=='n')//if it is n { a=0; ++j; arrays[j]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays);//create and allocate continue; } ++a; if(a>num_arrays) //resize the array arrays[j]=realloc(arrays[j],sizeof(int)*(num_arrays+a)); *(arrays[j]+a-1)=atoi(tutar[i]); printf("%d",arrays[1][1]); } arrays is pointer when you see x exit you see n create (old one is new array[a] new one is array[i+1]) you see d delete arrays[i] according to int after d first number is size of max arrays and where is the error in code input is composed from int and n d x i make a program -taking input(first input must be int) -according to input(there is comman in input like n or d or j , i fill array with number and use memory efficiently -j is jumb to array[x] ( x is int coming after j in input)

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  • Doubt regarding usage of array as a pointer in C

    - by Som
    For eg. I have an array of structs 'a' as below: struct mystruct{ int b int num; }; struct bigger_struct { struct my_struct a[10]; } struct bigger_struct *some_var; i know that the name of an array when used as a value implicitly refers to the address of the first element of the array.(Which is how the array subscript operator works at-least) Can i know do the other way around i.e if i do: some_var->a->b, it should be equivalent to some_var->a[0]->b, am i right? I have tested this and it seems to work , but is this semantically 100% correct?

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  • Using traversal by pointer to check whether a string is repeated

    - by Bob John
    bool repeat_char(char *s, int n); //R: s is a C-string of at least n non-NUL characters and n > 0 //E: returns true if the first n characters are fully repeated throughout the string s, false // otherwise. I'm having trouble implementing this function using traversal by pointer. I was thinking that I could extract the first n characters from s, then use that in a comparison with s, but I'm not sure how I could do that. If I'm traversing through s one character at a time, how can I check that it matches a block of text, such as the first n characters of s? Thanks!

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  • in c++ what is bettr to delete poiner or set it with new value?

    - by user63898
    Hi simple question in c++ , say i have a loop and i have function that returns pointer to item so i have to define inner loop pointer so my question is what to do with the pointer inside the loop , delete it ? or to set it with new value is good for example: for(int i =0;i<count();i++) { ptrTmp* ptr = getItemPtr(); // do somthing with the ptr ... // what to do here ? to delete the poinetr or not? delete ptr; // ?? }

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  • Why can't `main` return a double or String rather than int or void?

    - by sunny
    In many languages such as C, C++, and Java, the main method/function has a return type of void or int, but not double or String. What might be the reasons behind that? I know a little bit that we can't do that because main is called by runtime library and it expects some syntax like int main() or int main(int,char**) so we have to stick to that. So my question is: why does main have the type signature that it has, and not a different one?

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  • Linker errors between multiple projects in Visual C++

    - by rlbond
    Hi, I have a solution with multiple projects. I have a "main" project, which acts as a menu and from there, the user can access any of the other projects. On this main project, I get linker errors for every function called. How do I avoid these linker errors? I set the project dependencies already in the "Project Dependencies..." dialog. Thanks EDIT -- I did as suggested and added the output folder to the linker's additional directories. Now, however, I get a million errors as follows: 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ios ::setstate(int,bool)" (?setstate@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXH_N@Z) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(int)" (?width@ios_base@std@@QAEHH@Z) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::basic_streambuf ::sputn(char const *,int)" (?sputn@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEHPBDH@Z) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: static bool __cdecl std::char_traits::eq_int_type(int const &,int const &)" (?eq_int_type@?$char_traits@D@std@@SA_NABH0@Z) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: static int __cdecl std::char_traits::eof(void)" (?eof@?$char_traits@D@std@@SAHXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::basic_streambuf ::sputc(char)" (?sputc@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEHD@Z) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_streambuf * __thiscall std::basic_ios ::rdbuf(void)const " (?rdbuf@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEPAV?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@2@XZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: char __thiscall std::basic_ios ::fill(void)const " (?fill@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEDXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::flags(void)const " (?flags@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(void)const " (?width@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: static unsigned int __cdecl std::char_traits::length(char const *)" (?length@?$char_traits@D@std@@SAIPBD@Z) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream & __thiscall std::basic_ostream ::flush(void)" (?flush@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV12@XZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream * __thiscall std::basic_ios ::tie(void)const " (?tie@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEPAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@2@XZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: bool __thiscall std::ios_base::good(void)const " (?good@ios_base@std@@QBE_NXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostream ::_Osfx(void)" (?_Osfx@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf ::_Lock(void)" (?_Lock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf ::_Unlock(void)" (?_Unlock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::locale::facet * __thiscall std::locale::facet::_Decref(void)" (?_Decref@facet@locale@std@@QAEPAV123@XZ) already defined in panels.lib(panel_main.obj) 3libcpmtd.lib(ios.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static void __cdecl std::ios_base::_Ios_base_dtor(class std::ios_base *)" (?_Ios_base_dtor@ios_base@std@@CAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(ios.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::ios_base::_Addstd(class std::ios_base *)" (?_Addstd@ios_base@std@@SAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "void __cdecl _AtModuleExit(void (__cdecl*)(void))" (?_AtModuleExit@@YAXP6AXXZ@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(locale0_implib.obj) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: __Fac_tidy already defined in msvcprtd.lib(locale0_implib.obj) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static void __cdecl std::locale::facet::facet_Register(class std::locale::facet *)" (?facet_Register@facet@locale@std@@CAXPAV123@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(locale0_implib.obj) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static class std::locale::_Locimp * __cdecl std::locale::_Getgloballocale(void)" (?_Getgloballocale@locale@std@@CAPAV_Locimp@12@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static class std::locale::_Locimp * __cdecl std::locale::_Init(void)" (?_Init@locale@std@@CAPAV_Locimp@12@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::_Locinfo::_Locinfo_ctor(class std::_Locinfo *,class std::basic_string,class std::allocator const &)" (?_Locinfo_ctor@_Locinfo@std@@SAXPAV12@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@2@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::_Locinfo::_Locinfo_dtor(class std::_Locinfo *)" (?_Locinfo_dtor@_Locinfo@std@@SAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(xlock.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Lockit::_Lockit(int)" (??0_Lockit@std@@QAE@H@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll) 3libcpmtd.lib(xlock.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Lockit::~_Lockit(void)" (??1_Lockit@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP90D.dll)

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  • Count seconds and minutes with MCU timer/interrupt?

    - by arynhard
    I am trying to figure out how to create a timer for my C8051F020 MCU. The following code uses the value passed to init_Timer2() with the following formula: 65535-(0.1 / (12/2000000)=48868. I set up the timer to count every time it executes and for every 10 counts, count one second. This is based on the above formula. 48868 when passed to init_Timer2 will produce a 0.1 second delay. It would take ten of them per second. However, when I test the timer it is a little fast. At ten seconds the timer reports 11 seconds, at 20 seconds the timer reports 22 seconds. I would like to get as close to a perfect second as I can. Here is my code: #include <compiler_defs.h> #include <C8051F020_defs.h> void init_Clock(void); void init_Watchdog(void); void init_Ports(void); void init_Timer2(unsigned int counts); void start_Timer2(void); void timer2_ISR(void); unsigned int timer2_Count; unsigned int seconds; unsigned int minutes; int main(void) { init_Clock(); init_Watchdog(); init_Ports(); start_Timer2(); P5 &= 0xFF; while (1); } //============================================================= //Functions //============================================================= void init_Clock(void) { OSCICN = 0x04; //2Mhz //OSCICN = 0x07; //16Mhz } void init_Watchdog(void) { //Disable watchdog timer WDTCN = 0xDE; WDTCN = 0xAD; } void init_Ports(void) { XBR0 = 0x00; XBR1 = 0x00; XBR2 = 0x40; P0 = 0x00; P0MDOUT = 0x00; P5 = 0x00; //Set P5 to 1111 P74OUT = 0x08; //Set P5 4 - 7 (LEDs) to push pull (Output) } void init_Timer2(unsigned int counts) { CKCON = 0x00; //Set all timers to system clock divided by 12 T2CON = 0x00; //Set timer 2 to timer mode RCAP2 = counts; T2 = 0xFFFF; //655535 IE |= 0x20; //Enable timer 2 T2CON |= 0x04; //Start timer 2 } void start_Timer2(void) { EA = 0; init_Timer2(48868); EA = 1; } void timer2_ISR(void) interrupt 5 { T2CON &= ~(0x80); P5 ^= 0xF0; timer2_Count++; if(timer2_Count % 10 == 0) { seconds++; } if(seconds % 60 == 0 && seconds != 0) { minutes++; } }

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