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  • Memory allocation strategy for the vertex buffers (DirectX 10/11)

    - by Alex
    I have the following question. I write CAD system. So I have a 3D scene and there are many different objects (walls, doors, windows and so on). User can add or delete some objects. The question is: how can I organise the keeping of vertices for all my objects. I can create vertex buffer for every object. But I think drawing/switching from one buffer to another would have performance penalty. Another way - I can create several big buffers for every object type. But I don't understand how to update such buffers. It is too big to update whole buffer (for example buffer for all walls). What I need to do if I want to delete the object from the middle of the buffer? Actually I have the similar question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5515700/how-to-properly-update-vertex-buffers-in-directx-10 Most examples I've found work with very static models. Therefore, they tend to create a single vertex buffer with their list of points, and then are just manipulated by matrix transformations. I, on the other hand, will be updating the scene very often.

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  • Cube chunk via list ToArray()

    - by Christian Frantz
    I've created a list of vertices that I call for each cube made in my array "cubes". When each cube is create, SetUpVertices is called which is a method that stores the 8 vertices of my cube. At the end of my list creation, I create a vertex buffer, and set the data of the list that contains vertices of all 25 cubes to that vertex buffer, effectively creating a "chunk" of cubes. The problem is that Invalid Operation Exception "The array is not the correct size for the amount of data requested." at the line vertices.ToArray(). I don't have an array for this, as the amount of cubes will be changing and arrays aren't dynamic. What could be the cause of this? for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < 5; z++) { SetUpVertices(); cubes.Add(new Cube(device, new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), color)); } } vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, typeof(VertexPositionColor), 8, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices.ToArray());

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  • Better way to go up/down slope based on yaw?

    - by CyanPrime
    Alright, so I got a bit of movement code and I'm thinking I'm going to need to manually input when to go up/down a slope. All I got to work with is the slope's normal, and vector, and My current and previous position, and my yaw. Is there a better way to rotate whether I go up or down the slope based on my yaw? Vector3f move = new Vector3f(0,0,0); move.x = (float)-Math.toDegrees(Math.cos(Math.toRadians(yaw))); move.z = (float)-Math.toDegrees(Math.sin(Math.toRadians(yaw))); move.normalise(); if(move.z < 0 && slopeNormal.z > 0 || move.z > 0 && slopeNormal.z < 0){ if(move.x < 0 && slopeNormal.x > 0 || move.x > 0 && slopeNormal.x < 0){ move.y += slopeVec.y; } } if(move.z > 0 && slopeNormal.z > 0 || move.z < 0 && slopeNormal.z < 0){ if(move.x > 0 && slopeNormal.x > 0 || move.x < 0 && slopeNormal.x < 0){ move.y -= slopeVec.y; } } move.scale(movementSpeed * delta); Vector3f.add(pos, move, pos);

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  • Geometry Shader : points + Triangles

    - by CmasterG
    I have different Shaders and for each Shader a instance of the ShaderClass class, which initializes the Shaders, Renders the Shaders, etc. I use most of the Shaderclasses without Geometry Shader, but in one Shader Class i also use a Geometry Shader. The problem is, that when I render one object with the Shaderclass that uses the Geometry shader, all other object are rendered with the same geometry that I create in the Geometry Shader. Can you help me? Is it possible that I have to use a Geometry Shader for each object, when I use one for one object? I use DirectX 11 with C++.

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  • AndEngine GLES2 - getting Black screen on emulator 4.1

    - by dizworld.com
    I'm new in andengine . I create following code public class MainActivity extends BaseGameActivity { static final int CAMERA_WIDTH = 800; static final int CAMERA_HEIGHT = 480; public Font mFont; public Camera mCamera; //A reference to the current scene public Scene mCurrentScene; public static BaseActivity instance; public EngineOptions onCreateEngineOptions() { instance = this; mCamera = new Camera(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT); return new EngineOptions(true, ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE_SENSOR, new RatioResolutionPolicy(CAMERA_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT), mCamera); } @Override public void onCreateResources(OnCreateResourcesCallback arg0) throws Exception { mFont = FontFactory.create(this.getFontManager(),this.getTextureManager(), 256, 256,Typeface.create(Typeface.DEFAULT, Typeface.BOLD), 32); mFont.load(); } @Override public void onCreateScene(OnCreateSceneCallback arg0) throws Exception { mEngine.registerUpdateHandler(new FPSLogger()); mCurrentScene = new Scene(); Log.v("Scene","enter"); mCurrentScene.setBackground(new Background(0.09804f, 0.7274f, 0.8f)); // return mCurrentScene; } @Override public void onPopulateScene(Scene arg0, OnPopulateSceneCallback arg1) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } I got code on sites there is returning scene but in AndEngine GLES2 in method onCreateScene() there is no return scene ... so my First run is BLACK .. any suggestion :)

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  • Using normals in DirectX 10

    - by Dave
    I've got a working OBJ loader that loads vertices, indices, texture coordinates, and normals. As of right now it doesn't process texture coordinates or normals but it stores them in arrays and creates a valid mesh with the vertices and indices. Now I am trying to figure out how can I make the shader use the correct normal in the array for the current vertex if I can't setnormals() to my mesh. If I were to just use an index in my array of normals corresponding to the index in the vertices, how would I retrieve the current index the shader is processing? BTW: I am trying to write a blinn-phong shader technique. Also when I create the input layout and I've added the semantic NORMAL to it, how would I list the multiple semantics in that single parameter? Would I just separate it with a space? PS: If you need to see any code, just let me know.

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  • LibGDX onTouch() method Array and flip method

    - by johnny-b
    How can I add this on my application. i want to use the onTouch() method from the implementation of the InputProcessor to kill the enemies on screen. how do i do that? do i have to do anything to the enemy class? also i am trying to add a Array of enemies and it keeps throwing exceptions or the bullet now is facing LEFT <--- again after I used the flip method in the bullet class. All the code is below so please anyone feel free to have a look thanks. please help Thank you M // This is the bullet class. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; private Rectangle bul; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); AssetLoader.bullet1.flip(true, false); AssetLoader.bullet2.flip(true, false); setSize(AssetLoader.bullet1.getWidth(), AssetLoader.bullet1.getHeight()); bul = new Rectangle(); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; bul.set(getX(), getY(), getOriginX(), getOriginY()); Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); } public Rectangle getBounds() { return bul; } public Rectangle getBounds1() { return this.getBoundingRectangle(); } } // This is the class where i load all the images from public class AssetLoader { public static Texture texture; public static TextureRegion bg, ball1, ball2; public static Animation bulletAnimation, ballAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bg = new TextureRegion(texture, 80, 421, 395, 30); bg.flip(false, true); ball1 = new TextureRegion(texture, 0, 321, 32, 32); ball1.flip(false, true); ball2 = new TextureRegion(texture, 32, 321, 32, 32); ball2.flip(false, true); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); TextureRegion[] balls = { ball1, ball2 }; ballAnimation = new Animation(0.16f, balls); ballAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { texture.dispose(); } // This is for the rendering or drawing onto the screen/canvas. public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); batcher.disableBlending(); batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY(), bullet.getOriginX(), bullet.getOriginY(), bullet.getWidth(), bullet.getHeight(), 1.0f, 1.0f, bullet.getRotation()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } //This is the input handler class public class InputHandler implements InputProcessor { private Ball myBall; private Bullet bullet; private GameRenderer aims; // Ask for a reference to the Soldier when InputHandler is created. public InputHandler(Ball ball) { myBall = ball; } @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyDown(int keycode) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyUp(int keycode) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyTyped(char character) { return false; } @Override public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } @Override public boolean touchDragged(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer) { return false; } @Override public boolean mouseMoved(int screenX, int screenY) { return false; } @Override public boolean scrolled(int amount) { return false; } } i am rendering all graphics in a GameRender class and a gameworld class if you need more info please let me know I am trying to make the array work but keep finding that when an array is initialized then the bullet fips back to the original and ends up being backwards???? and if I create an array I keep getting Exceptions throw??? Thank you for any help given.

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  • Why doesn't light continuous on my model?

    - by nosferat
    I created a basic textured cube model with Blender to practice modeling, and then I imported it into Unity. After I put up some lighting it looks pretty ugly. The light is not continuous on a row of textured cubes: What is more odd, the light on the blocks that makes up the floor is continuous. What am I doing wrong? UPDATE This is how it looks like without textures: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/45620018/without%20textures.PNG If I would not know that these are perfect cubes, I'd say there is a slight curve on surface. I also tried lightening the texture but it also didn't help: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/45620018/lighter%20texture.PNG I just simply exported the model from Blender and did not set up any normals or things like that. However I also did not do any special woth the floor brick model.

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  • OpenGL Lighting

    - by gopgop
    I have a simple day and night cycle by at day disabling OpenGL lighting and at night enabling openGL Lighting. When I enable everything appears darker. My question is How would I make it that at a specific spot there would be a light that will only light up its surrounding area for example: http://media.giantbomb.com/uploads/0/276/1414275-light_large.png Where the light is is where I want to position my light. My application is in 2D.

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  • Draw contour around object in Opengl

    - by Maciekp
    I need to draw contour around 2d objects in 3d space. I tried drawing lines around object(+points to fill the gap), but due to line width, some part of it(~50%) was covering object. I tried to use stencil buffer, to eliminate this problem, but I got sth like this(contour is green): http://goo.gl/OI5uc (sorry I can't post images, due to my reputation) You can see(where arrow points), that some parts of line are behind object, and some are above. This changes when I move camera, but always there is some part, that is covering it. Here is code, that I use for drawing object: glColorMask(1,1,1,1); std::list<CObjectOnScene*>::iterator objIter=ptr->objects.begin(),objEnd=ptr->objects.end(); int countStencilBit=1; while(objIter!=objEnd) { glColorMask(1,1,1,1); glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS,countStencilBit,countStencilBit); glStencilOp(GL_REPLACE,GL_KEEP,GL_REPLACE ); (*objIter)->DrawYourVertices(); glStencilFunc(GL_NOTEQUAL,countStencilBit,countStencilBit); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP,GL_KEEP,GL_REPLACE); (*objIter)->DrawYourBorder(); ++objIter; ++countStencilBit; } I've tried different settings of stencil buffer, but always I was getting sth like that. Here is question: 1.Am I setting stencil buffer wrong? 2. Are there any other simple ways to create contour on such objects? Thanks in advance. EDIT: 1. I don't have normals of objects. 2. Object can be concave. 3. I can't use shaders(see below why).

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  • A way to store potentially infinite 2D map data?

    - by Blam
    I have a 2D platformer that currently can handle chunks with 100 by 100 tiles, with the chunk coordinates are stored as longs, so this is the only limit of maps (maxlong*maxlong). All entity positions etc etc are chunk relevant and so there is no limit there. The problem I'm having is how to store and access these chunks without having thousands of files. Any ideas for a preferably quick & low HD cost archive format that doesn't need to open everything at once?

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  • Texture not drawing on cubes

    - by Christian Frantz
    I can draw the cubes fine but they are just solid black besides the occasional lighting that goes on. The basic effect is being set for each cube also. public void Draw(BasicEffect effect) { foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); device.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); device.Indices = indexBuffer; device.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12); } } The cubes draw method. TextureEnabled is set to true in my main draw method. My texture is also loading fine. public Cube(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Vector3 Position, Texture2D Texture) { device = graphicsDevice; texture = Texture; cubePosition = Position; effect = new BasicEffect(device); } The constructor seems fine too. Could this be caused by the Vector2's of my VertexPositionNormalTexture? Even if they were out of order something should still be drawn other than a black cube

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  • Octrees as data structure

    - by Christian Frantz
    In my cube world, I want to use octrees to represent my chunks of 20x20x20 cubes for frustum and occlusion culling. I understand how octrees work, I just dont know if I'm going about this the right way. My base octree class is taken from here: http://www.xnawiki.com/index.php/Octree What I'm wondering is how to apply occlusion culling using this class. Does it make sense to have one octree for each cube chunk? Or should I make the octree bigger? Since I'm using cubes, each cube should fit into a node without overlap so that won't be an issue

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  • What is the simplest way to render video into memory (for drawing to a texture) in .NET?

    - by sebf
    In my project I would like to be able to play back video on surfaces in the world. I intend to do this by having the video frames rendered to a block of memory, then use this to update a texture each frame. Everything is in place - except for the part that actually gets the video. I have looked on Google and found that the video library world is very expansive (and geared towards video processing), and am having trouble finding a suitable one. FFMpeg is very comprehensive, but is an entire suite and would take a good amount of work to integrate. So far the most promising library I've found is the one based on the VLC player libraries - by virtue of it using the same resources as VLC Player it is known to be very capable; it also renders to blocks of memory, but the API (at least of the one on Codeplex) is more of a port of the C++ API rather than a managed wrapper. The 'solution' can be any wrapper/API/library, but with characteristics that make it suitable for use in a rendering engine, namely: Renders the video frame data to memory, so it can be picked up and passed to a texture on the GPU easily. Super simple - all that is needed is a way to load, jump and render a frame programatically - ideally it would use the systems codecs and not require an assortment of plugins. Permissive license (LGPL or more free-er) .NET bindings at least; all the better if it is natively managed Can anyone suggest a lightweight, (.NET) library, that can take a video file, and spit out some frames into a byte[]?

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  • Calculating the rotational force of a 2D sprite

    - by Jon
    I am wondering if someone has an elegant way of calculating the following scenario. I have an object of (n) number of squares, random shapes, but we will pretend they are all rectangles. We are dealing with no gravity, so consider the object in space, from a top down perspective. I am applying a force to the object at a specific square (as illustrated below). How do I calculate the rotational angle, based on the force being applied, at the location being applied. If applied in the center square, it would go straight. How should it behave the further I move from the center? How do I calculate the rotational velocity?

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  • How to detect collisions between sprite and a user generated shape of some sort?

    - by Huwell
    How to detect a collision between a sprite and a user generated shape of some sort. For example. There are some objects on the screen. The user takes their finger and draws an circle shape around a object (The selection rule is painting circle around the sprite, but the painting shapes may be various). I need to detect which object selected, which just like: (demo images) http://i52.tinypic.com/28h0t1g.png

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  • Dynamic Jump spot

    - by Pasquale Sada
    I have an initial velocity V(Vx,Vy,VZ) and a spot where he stands still at S(Sx,Sy,Sz). What I'm trying to achieve is a jump on a spot E(Ex,Ey,Ez) where you have clicked on(only lower or higher spot, because I've in place a simple steering behavior for even terrains). There are no obstacle around. I've implemented a formula that can make him jump in a precise way on a spot but you need to declare an angle: the problem arise when the selected spot is straight above your head. It' pretty lame that the char hang there and can reach a thing that is 1cm above is head. I'll share the code I'm using: Vector3 dir = target - transform.position; // get target direction float h = dir.y; // get height difference dir.y = 0; // retain only the horizontal direction float dist = dir.magnitude ; // get horizontal distance float a = angle * Mathf.Deg2Rad; // convert angle to radians dir.y = dist * Mathf.Tan(a); // set dir to the elevation angle dist += h / Mathf.Tan(a); // correct for small height differences // calculate the velocity magnitude float vel = Mathf.Sqrt(dist * Physics.gravity.magnitude / Mathf.Sin(2 *a)); return vel * dir.normalized;

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  • Checking for collisions on a 3D heightmap

    - by Piku
    I have a 3D heightmap drawn using OpenGL (which isn't important). It's represented by a 2D array of height data. To draw this I go through the array using each point as a vertex. Three vertices are wound together to form a triangle, two triangles to make a quad. To stop the whole mesh being tiny I scale this by a certain amount called 'gridsize'. This produces a fairly nice and lumpy, angular terrain kind of similar to something you'd see in old Atari/Amiga or DOS '3D' games (think Virus/Zarch on the Atari ST). I'm now trying to work out how to do collision with the terrain, testing to see if the player is about to collide with a piece of scenery sticking upwards or fall into a hole. At the moment I am simply dividing the player's co-ordinates by the gridsize to find which vertex the player is on top of and it works well when the player is exactly over the corner of a triangle piece of terrain. However... How can I make it more accurate for the bits between the vertices? I get confused since they don't exist in my heightmap data, they're a product of the GPU trying to draw a triangle between three points. I can calculate the height of the point closest to the player, but not the space between them. I.e if the player is hovering over the centre of one of these 'quads', rather than over the corner vertex of one, how do I work out the height of the terrain below them? Later on I may want the player to slide down the slopes in the terrain.

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  • Good resources for learning about graphics hardware

    - by Ken
    I'm looking for some good learning resources for graphics hardware (and associated low level software). Basically I want to learn more about what goes on underneath the opengl/direcx API layers in terms of how things are implemented. I familiar with what happens in principle during the various stages of the rendering pipeline (viewing, projection, clipping, rasterization etc). My goal is to be able to make better and more informed decisions about tradeoffs and potential optimisations when graphics/shader programming with respect to the following kinds of issues; batching view culling occlusions draw order avoiding state changes triangles vs pointsprites texture sampling etc Basically whatever the graphics programmer needs to know about modern graphics hardware in order to become more effective. I'm not really looking for specific optimisation techniques, rather I need more general knowledge so that I will naturally write more efficient code.

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  • How to check battery usage of an iPhone/Android app?

    - by Gajoo
    I think the title says Enough. For example Unity can generate you a report how much CPU/GPU power it's using or how fast it's going to drain device battery, but what about the applications developed using Cocos2d or the ones you develop directly using OpenGL? How should you profile them? In general what should you profile? or Should I simply run the application and wait for it's battery to run out?

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  • How to implement the setup rules like Clash of Clan?

    - by user25959
    Now I'm already implement the setup build rules which the building could move by unit grid width and height. But the validation detection is poor efficiency. The algorithm cost me 10~12(ms) in average when I move the building. Here is my approach to that: 1.Basic Grid, it is a two dimensional array. Grid[row][column], so that I can save info for each grid. Like whether is it in occupied or excluded. 2.Exclude Space, this is a space which limit same building numbers in space.

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  • Can't change color of sprites in unity

    - by Aceleeon
    I would like to create a script that targets a 2d sprite "enemy" and changes their color to red (slightly opaque red if possible) when you hit tab. I have this code from a 3d tutorial hoping the transition would work. But it does not. I only get the script to cycle the enemy tags but never changes the color of the sprite. I have the code below I'm very new to coding, and any help would be FANTASTIC! HELP! hahah. TL;DR Cant get 3d color targeting to work for 2D. Check out the c#code below using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public class Targetting : MonoBehaviour { public List targets; public Transform selectedTarget; private Transform myTransform; // Use this for initialization void Start () { targets = new List(); selectedTarget = null; myTransform = transform; AddAllEnemies(); } public void AddAllEnemies() { GameObject[] go = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Enemy"); foreach(GameObject enemy in go) AddTarget(enemy.transform); } public void AddTarget(Transform enemy) { targets.Add(enemy); } private void SortTargetsByDistance() { targets.Sort(delegate(Transform t1,Transform t2) { return Vector3.Distance(t1.position, myTransform.position).CompareTo(Vector3.Distance(t2.position, myTransform.position)); }); } private void TargetEnemy() { if(selectedTarget == null) { SortTargetsByDistance(); selectedTarget = targets[0]; } else { int index = targets.IndexOf(selectedTarget); if(index < targets.Count -1) { index++; } else { index = 0; } selectedTarget = targets[index]; } } private void SelectTarget() { selectedTarget.GetComponent().color = Color.red; } private void DeselectTarget() { selectedTarget.GetComponent().color = Color.blue; selectedTarget = null; } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Tab)) { TargetEnemy(); } } }

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  • How does this circle collision detection math work?

    - by Griffin
    I'm going through the wildbunny blog to learn about collision detection. I'm confused about how the vectors he's talking about come into play. Here's the part that confuses me: p = ||A-B|| – (r1+r2) The two spheres are penetrating by distance p. We would also like the penetration vector so that we can correct the penetration once we discover it. This is the vector that moves both circles to the point where they just touch, correcting the penetration. Importantly it is not only just a vector that does this, it is the only vector which corrects the penetration by moving the minimum amount. This is important because we only want to correct the error, not introduce more by moving too much when we correct, or too little. N = (A-B) / ||A-B|| P = N*p Here we have calculated the normalised vector N between the two centres and the penetration vector P by multiplying our unit direction by the penetration distance. I understand that p is the distance by which the circles penetrate, but I don't get what exactly N and P are. It seems to me N is just the coordinates of the 3rd point of the right trianlge formed by point A and B (A-B) then being divided by the hypotenuse of that triangle or distance between A and B (||A-B||). What's the significance of this? Also, what is the penetration vector used for? It seems to me like a movement that one of the circles would perform to get un-penetrated.

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  • How do I improve terrain rendering batch counts using DirectX?

    - by gamer747
    We have determined that our terrain rendering system needs some work to minimize the number of batches being transferred to the GPU in order to improve performance. I'm looking for suggestions on how best to improve what we're trying to accomplish. We logically split our terrain mesh into smaller grid cells which are 32x32 world units. Each cell has meta data that dictates the four 256x256 textures that are used for spatting along with the alpha blend data, shadow, and light mappings. Each cell contains 81 vertices in a 9x9 grid. Presently, we examine each cell and determine the four textures that are being used to spat the cell. We combine that geometry with any other cell that perhaps uses the same four textures regardless of spat order. If the spat order for a cell differs, the blend map is adjusted so that the spat order is maintained the same as other like cells and blending happens in the right order too. But even with this batching approach, it isn't uncommon when looking out across an area of open terrain to have between 1200-1700 batch count depending upon how frequently textures differ or have different texture blends are between cells. We are only doing frustum culling presently. So using texture spatting, are there other alternatives that can reduce the batch count and allow rendering to be extremely performance-friendly even under DirectX9c? We considered using texture atlases since we're targeting DirectX 9c & older OpenGL platforms but trying to repeat textures using atlases and shaders result in seam artifacts which we haven't been able to eliminate with the exception of disabling mipmapping. Disabling mipmapping results in poor quality textures from a distance. How have others batched together terrain geometry such that one could spat terrain using various textures, minimizing batch count and texture state switches so that rendering performance isn't negatively impacted?

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  • LibGDX - SpriteBatch's .draw() method requiring float[]

    - by just_a_programmer
    Please excuse my lack of knowledge with LibGDX, as I have just started learning it. I am going through some simple tutorials, and in one of them, I draw a string onto the screen like so: // the following code is in the main file in the core project folder: // this is in the create() method: private SpriteBatch batch; batch = new SpriteBatch(); // this is in the render() method: batch.draw(batch, "Hello world", 200, 200); I am getting an error saying: The method draw(texture, float[], int, int) in the type SpriteBatch is not applicable for the arguments (SpriteBatch, int, int) So, LibGDX wants a float array to draw instead of a string? Thanks in advance.

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