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• C++ Beginner - Trouble using structs and constants!

  - by Francisco P.

  Hello everyone! I am currently working on a simple Scrabble implementation for a college project. I can't get a part of it to work, though! Check this out: My board.h: http://pastebin.com/J9t8VvvB The subroutine where the error lies: //Following snippet contained in board.cpp //I believe the function is self-explanatory... //Pos is a struct containing a char, y, a int, x and an orientation, o, which is not //used in this particular case void Board::showBoard() { Pos temp; temp.o = 0; for (temp.y = 'A'; temp.y < (65 + TOTAL_COLUMNS); ++temp.y) { for (temp.x = 1; temp-x < (1 + TOTAL_ROWS); ++temp.x) { cout << _matrix[temp].getContents(); } cout << endl; } } The errors returned on compile time: http://pastebin.com/bZv7fggq How come the error states that I am trying to compare two Pos when I am comparing chars and ints? I also really can't place these other errors... Thanks for your time!

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• C++ polymorphism and slicing

  - by Draco Ater

  The following code, prints out Derived Base Base But I need every Derived object put into User::items, call its own print function, but not the base class one. Can I achieve that without using pointers? If it is not possible, how should I write the function that deletes User::items one by one and frees memory, so that there should not be any memory leaks? #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; class Base{ public: virtual void print(){ cout << "Base" << endl;} }; class Derived: public Base{ public: void print(){ cout << "Derived" << endl;} }; class User{ public: vector<Base> items; void add_item( Base& item ){ item.print(); items.push_back( item ); items.back().print(); } }; void fill_items( User& u ){ Derived d; u.add_item( d ); } int main(){ User u; fill_items( u ); u.items[0].print(); }

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• C++ Array vs vector

  - by blue_river

  when using C++ vector, time spent is 718 milliseconds, while when I use Array, time is almost 0 milliseconds. Why so much performance difference? int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { const int size = 10000; clock_t start, end; start = clock(); vector<int> v(size*size); for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < size; j++) { v[i*size+j] = 1; } } end = clock(); cout<< (end - start) <<" milliseconds."<<endl; // 718 milliseconds int f = 0; start = clock(); int arr[size*size]; for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < size; j++) { arr[i*size+j] = 1; } } end = clock(); cout<< ( end - start) <<" milliseconds."<<endl; // 0 milliseconds return 0; }

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• c++ STL vector is not acccepting the copy constructor

  - by prabhakaran

  I wrote a code ( c++,visual studio 2010) which is having a vector, even I though copy const is declared, but is still showing that copy const is not declared Here the code #include<iostream> #include<vector> using namespace std; class A { public: A(){cout << "Default A is acting" << endl ;} A(A &a){cout << "Copy Constructor of A is acting" << endl ;} }; int main() { A a; A b=a; vector<A> nothing; nothing.push_back(a); int n; cin >> n; } The error I got is Error 1 error C2558: class 'A' : no copy constructor available or copy constructor is declared 'explicit' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 10.0\vc\include\xmemory 48 1 delete Anybody please help me

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• Why it's can be compiled in GNU/C++, can't compiled in VC++2010 RTM?

  - by volnet

  #include #include #include #include "copy_of_auto_ptr.h" #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma message("#include ") #include // http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Diagnostic-Pragmas.html#Diagnostic-Pragmas #endif /* case 1-4 is the requirement of the auto_ptr. which form http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/020163371X/autoptrupdate/auto_ptr_update.html */ /* case 1. (1) Direct-initialization, same type, e.g. */ std::auto_ptr source_int() { // return std::auto_ptr(new int(3)); std::auto_ptr tmp(new int(3)); return tmp; } /* case 2. (2) Copy-initialization, same type, e.g. */ void sink_int(std::auto_ptr p) { std::cout source_derived() { // return std::auto_ptr(new Derived()); std::auto_ptr tmp(new Derived()); return tmp; } /* case 4. (4) Copy-initialization, base-from-derived, e.g. */ void sink_base( std::auto_ptr p) { p-go(); } int main(void) { /* // auto_ptr */ // case 1. // auto_ptr std::auto_ptr p_int(source_int()); std::cout p_derived(source_derived()); p_derived-go(); // case 4. // auto_ptr sink_base(source_derived()); return 0; } In Eclipse(GNU C++.exe -v gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)) it's two compile error: Description Resource Path Location Type initializing argument 1 of void sink_base(std::auto_ptr<Base>)' from result ofstd::auto_ptr<_Tp::operator std::auto_ptr<_Tp1() [with _Tp1 = Base, _Tp = Derived]' auto_ptr_ref_research.cpp auto_ptr_ref_research/auto_ptr_ref_research 190 C/C++ Problem Description Resource Path Location Type no matching function for call to `std::auto_ptr::auto_ptr(std::auto_ptr)' auto_ptr_ref_research.cpp auto_ptr_ref_research/auto_ptr_ref_research 190 C/C++ Problem But it's right in VS2010 RTM. Questions: Which compiler stand for the ISO C++ standard? The content of case 4 is the problem "auto_ptr & auto_ptr_ref want to resolve?"

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• Console in VS 2012 Express for C++?

  - by Live2Code

  I'm very new to programming, so be nice. I was using Eclipse for C/C++ devs for a while, but it seemed quite buggy so I was advised to switch to Visual Studio Express. I'm just testing out with a simple "Hello World" program #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main( int argc, char ** argv ) { string response; cout << "Gimme a string: " << flush; cin >> response; cout << "The string is: " << response << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } not much to go wrong there anyway, I noticed that there is no "console" like in Eclipse. All of the text pops up in a little command prompt window. And, also, this window closes right after displaying new text if there is no other things to do after it (like a cin). I have been told that I can use system("pause") but there has to be a better way. In Eclipse, the text would not suddenly disappear because the console window closed. i know this question might be a little confusing, comment and I'll try to explain what I'm saying. Or paste the codes into your Visual Studio 2012 Express Edition. But is there a way to display all of my text and whatever in a "console" as opposed to a command prompt-type window; and why does it always close before I can read the last thing?

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• C++ compiler error on template specialization

  - by user231536

  I would like to specialize a template method for a class C that is itself templated by an int parameter. How do I do this? template <int D=1> class C { static std::string foo () { stringstream ss; ss << D << endl; return ss.str();} }; template <class X> void test() { cout << "This is a test" << endl;} template <> template <int D> void test<C<D> > () {cout << C<D>::foo() << endl;} The specialization for test() fails with "Too many template parameter lists in declaration of void test()".

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• How does does ifstream eof() work?

  - by Chan

  Hello everyone, #include <vector> #include <list> #include <map> #include <set> #include <deque> #include <stack> #include <bitset> #include <algorithm> #include <functional> #include <numeric> #include <utility> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <cstdio> #include <cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> #include <cctype> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int main() { fstream inf( "ex.txt", ios::in ); while( !inf.eof() ) { std::cout << inf.get() << "\n"; } inf.close(); inf.clear(); inf.open( "ex.txt", ios::in ); char c; while( inf >> c ) { std::cout << c << "\n"; } return 0; } I'm really confused about eof() function. Suppose my ex.txt's content is: abc It always reads an extra character and show -1. when reading using eof()? But the inf c gave the correct output which was 'abc'? Can anyone help me explain this? Best regards, Chan Nguyen

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• C++ STL: How to iterate vector while requiring access to element and its index?

  - by Ashwin

  I frequently find myself requiring to iterate over STL vectors. While I am doing this I require access to both the vector element and its index. I used to do this as: typedef std::vector<Foo> FooVec; typedef FooVec::iterator FooVecIter; FooVec fooVec; int index = 0; for (FooVecIter i = fooVec.begin(); i != fooVec.end(); ++i, ++index) { Foo& foo = *i; if (foo.somethingIsTrue()) // True for most elements std::cout << index << ": " << foo << std::endl; } After discovering BOOST_FOREACH, I shortened this to: typedef std::vector<Foo> FooVec; FooVec fooVec; int index = -1; BOOST_FOREACH( Foo& foo, fooVec ) { ++index; if (foo.somethingIsTrue()) // True for most elements std::cout << index << ": " << foo << std::endl; } Is there a better or more elegant way to iterate over STL vectors when both reference to the vector element and its index is required? I am aware of the alternative: for (int i = 0; i < fooVec.size(); ++i) But I keep reading about how it is not a good practice to iterate over STL containers like this.

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• C++ template member specialization - is this a compiler limitation?

  - by LoudNPossiblyRight

  Is it possible to do this kind of specialization? If so, how? The specialization in question is marked //THIS SPECIALIZATION WILL NOT COMPILE I have used VS2008, VS2010, gcc 4.4.3 and neither can compile this. #include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; template <typename ALPHA> class klass{ public: template <typename BETA> void func(BETA B); }; template <typename ALPHA> template <typename BETA> void klass<ALPHA>::func(BETA B){ cout << "I AM A BETA FUNC: " << B <<endl; } //THIS SPECIALIZATION WILL NOT COMPILE template <typename ALPHA> template <> void klass<ALPHA>::func(string B){ cout << "I AM A SPECIAL BETA FUNC: " << B <<endl; } int main(){ klass<string> k; k.func(1); k.func("hello"); return 0; }

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• Am I doing something wrong here (references in C++)?

  - by m4design

  I've been playing around with references (I'm still having issues in this regard). 1- I would like to know if this is an acceptable code: int & foo(int &y) { return y; // is this wrong? } int main() { int x = 0; cout << foo(x) << endl; foo(x) = 9; // is this wrong? cout << x << endl; return 0; } 2- Also this is from an exam sample: Week & Week::highestSalesWeek(Week aYear[52]) { Week max = aYear[0]; for(int i = 1; i < 52; i++) { if (aYear[i].getSales() > max.getSales()) max = aYear[i]; } return max; } It asks about the mistake in this code, also how to fix it. My guess is that it return a local reference. The fix is: Week & max = aYear[0]; Is this correct/enough?

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• C++ Boolean problem (comparison between two arrays)

  - by Martin

  Hello! I have a problem to do. I already did some part of it, however I stuck and don't know exactly what to do next. The question: " You are given two arrays of ints, named A and B. One contains AMAXELEMENTS and the other contains BMAXELEMENTS. Write a Boolean-valued function that returns true if there is at least one point in A that is the same as a point in B, and false if there is no match between two arrays. " The two arrays are made up by me, I think if I know how to compare two arrays I will be fine, and I will be able to finish my problem. This is what I have so far (I changed AMAXELEMENTS to AMAX, and BMAXELEMENTS to BMAX): #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ const int AMAX=5, BMAX=6; int i; bool c1=true,c2=false; int A[AMAX]={2,4,1,5,9}; int B[BMAX]={9,12,32,43,23,11}; for(i=0;i<BMAX;i++) if (B[i]==A[i]) // <---- I think this part has to look different, but I can't figure it out. cout<<c1<<endl; else cout<< c2<<endl; return 0; }

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• Accessing derived class members with a base class pointer

  - by LRB

  I am making a simple console game in C++ I would like to know if I can access members from the 'entPlayer' class while using a pointer that is pointing to the base class ( 'Entity' ): class Entity { public: void setId(int id) { Id = id; } int getId() { return Id; } protected: int Id; }; class entPlayer : public Entity { string Name; public: entPlayer() { Name = ""; Id = 0; } void setName(string name) { Name = name; } string getName() { return Name; } }; Entity *createEntity(string Type) { Entity *Ent = NULL; if (Type == "player") { Ent = new entPlayer; } return Ent; } void main() { Entity *ply = createEntity("player"); ply->setName("Test"); ply->setId(1); cout << ply->getName() << endl; cout << ply->getId() << endl; delete ply; } How would I be able to call ply-setName etc? OR If it's not possible that way, what would be a better way?

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• C++, using one byte to store two variables

  - by 2di

  Hi All I am working on representation of the chess board, and I am planning to store it in 32 bytes array, where each byte will be used to store two pieces. (That way only 4 bits are needed per piece) Doing it in that way, results in a overhead for accessing particular index of the board. Do you think that, this code can be optimised or completely different method of accessing indexes can be used? c++ char getPosition(unsigned char* c, int index){ //moving pointer c+=(index>>1); //odd number if (index & 1){ //taking right part return *c & 0xF; }else { //taking left part return *c>>4; } } void setValue(unsigned char* board, char value, int index){ //moving pointer board+=(index>>1); //odd number if (index & 1){ //replace right part //save left value only 4 bits *board = (*board & 0xF0) + value; }else { //replacing left part *board = (*board & 0xF) + (value<<4); } } int main() { char* c = (char*)malloc(32); for (int i = 0; i < 64 ; i++){ setValue((unsigned char*)c, i % 8,i); } for (int i = 0; i < 64 ; i++){ cout<<(int)getPosition((unsigned char*)c, i)<<" "; if (((i+1) % 8 == 0) && (i > 0)){ cout<<endl; } } return 0; } I am equally interested in your opinions regarding chess representations, and optimisation of the method above, as a stand alone problem. Thanks a lot

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• Composing adaptors in Boost::range

  - by bruno nery

  I started playing with Boost::Range in order to have a pipeline of lazy transforms in C++]1. My problem now is how to split a pipeline in smaller parts. Suppose I have: int main(){ auto map = boost::adaptors::transformed; // shorten the name auto sink = generate(1) | map([](int x){ return 2*x; }) | map([](int x){ return x+1; }) | map([](int x){ return 3*x; }); for(auto i : sink) std::cout << i << "\n"; } And I want to replace the first two maps with a magic_transform, i.e.: int main(){ auto map = boost::adaptors::transformed; // shorten the name auto sink = generate(1) | magic_transform() | map([](int x){ return 3*x; }); for(auto i : sink) std::cout << i << "\n"; } How would one write magic_transform? I looked up Boost::Range's documentation, but I can't get a good grasp of it.

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• C++ map to track when the end of map is reached

  - by eNetik

  Currently I have a map that prints out the following map<string, map<int,int> > mapper; map<int,int>::iterator inner; map<string, map<int,int> >::iterator outer; for(outer = mapper.begin(); outer != mapper.end(); outer++){ cout<<outer->first<<": "; for(inner = outer->second.begin(); inner != outer->second.end(); inner++){ cout<<inner->first<<","<<inner->second<<","; } } As of now this prints out the following stringone: 1,2,3,4,6,7,8, stringtwo: 3,5,6,7, stringthree: 2,3,4,5, What i want it to print out is stringone: 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 stringtwo: 3,5,6,7 stringthree: 2,3,4,5 how can i check for the end of the map inside my inner map? Any help would be appreciated Thank you

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• How to iterate properly across a const set?

  - by Jared

  I'm working on a program that's supposed to represent a graph. My issue is in my printAdjacencyList function. Basically, I have a Graph ADT that has a member variable "nodes", which is a map of the nodes of that graph. Each Node has a set of Edge* to the edges it is connected to. I'm trying to iterate across each node in the graph and each edge of a node. void MyGraph::printAdjacencyList() { std::map<std::string, MyNode*>::iterator mit; std::set<MyEdge*>::iterator sit; for (mit = nodes.begin(); mit != nodes.end(); mit++ ) { std::cout << mit->first << ": {"; const std::set<MyEdge*> edges = mit->second->getEdges(); for (sit = edges.begin(); sit != edges.end(); sit++) { std::pair<MyNode*, MyNode*> edgeNodes = *sit->getEndpoints(); } } std::cout << " }" << std::endl; } getEdges is declared as: const std::set<MyEdge*>& getEdges() { return edges; }; and get Endpoints is declared as: const std::pair<MyNode*, MyNode*>& getEndpoints() { return nodes; }; The compiler error I'm getting is: MyGraph.cpp:63: error: request for member `getEndpoints' in `*(&sit)->std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<_Tp>::operator-> [with _Tp = MyEdge*]()', which is of non-class type `MyEdge* const' MyGraph.cpp:63: warning: unused variable 'edgeNodes' I have figured out that this probably means I'm misusing const somewhere, but I can't figure out where for the life of me. Any information would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• complete nub.. iostream file not found

  - by user1742389

  folks I am almost completely new to programming so please bear with me. I am using the first example from lydia.com c++ videos and failing. I am using Xcode 4.5.1 with a c++ command line project instead of eclipse and I am getting an error on compile of iostream file not found. the code is simple and I will include exactly what I have at the end of this message. I thought that iostream was a standard header that came with all even remotely recent versions of c++ compilers and am shocked to get this error and I cannot find any way to fix this. please tell me whats going on. #include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <sstream> #include <vector> int main(int argc, char ** argv) { stringstream version; version << "GCC Version"; _GNUC_<<"."<<_GNUC_MINOR_<<"."<<_GNUC_PATCHLEVEL_<<_"\nVersion String: " <<_VERSION_; cout <<version.string() endl; vector<string> v={"one","two","three"}; for ( s : v ) { cout << s <<endl; } // insert code here... printf("Hello, World!\n"); return 0; } Thanks.

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• calling constructor of the class in the destructor of the same class

  - by dicaprio

  Experts !! I know this question is one of the lousy one , but still I dared to open my mind , hoping I would learn from all. I was trying some examples as part of my routine and did this horrible thing, I called the constructor of the class from destructor of the same class. I don't really know if this is ever required in real programming , I cant think of any real time scenarios where we really need to call functions/CTOR in our destructor. Usually , destructor is meant for cleaning up. If my understanding is correct, why the compiler doesn't complain ? Is this because it is valid for some good reasons ? If so what are they ? I tried on Sun Forte, g++ and VC++ compiler and none of them complain about it. using namespace std; class test{ public: test(){ cout<<"CTOR"<<endl; } ~test() {cout<<"DTOR"<<endl; test(); }};

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• Unicode version of base64 encoding/ decoding

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  I am using base64 encoding/decoding from http://www.adp-gmbh.ch/cpp/common/base64.html It works pretty well with the following code. const std::string s = "I Am A Big Fat Cat" ; std::string encoded = base64_encode(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(s.c_str()), s.length()); std::string decoded = base64_decode(encoded); std::cout << _T("encoded: ") << encoded << std::endl; std::cout << _T("decoded: ") << decoded << std::endl; However, when comes to unicode namespace std { #ifdef _UNICODE typedef wstring tstring; #else typedef string tstring; #endif } const std::tstring s = _T("I Am A Big Fat Cat"); How can I still make use of the above function? Merely changing std::string base64_encode(unsigned TCHAR const* , unsigned int len); std::tstring base64_decode(std::string const& s); will not work correctly. (I expect base64_encode to return ASCII. Hence, std::string should be used instead of std::tstring)

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• uninitialized local variable

  - by blitzeus

  This code compiles and runs though gives a Microsoft compiler error that I cant fix warning C4700: uninitialized local variable 'ptr4D' used. This is in the last line of the code, I think #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int DIM0 = 2, DIM1 = 3, DIM2 = 4, DIM3 = 5; void TestDeclar(); int main(){ TestDeclar(); cout << "Done!\n"; return 0; } void TestDeclar(){ //24 - array of 5 floats float xa[DIM3], xb[DIM3], xc[DIM3], xd[DIM3], xe[DIM3], xf[DIM3]; float xg[DIM3], xh[DIM3], xi[DIM3], xj[DIM3], xk[DIM3], xl[DIM3]; float xm[DIM3], xn[DIM3], xo[DIM3], xp[DIM3], xq[DIM3], xr[DIM3]; float xs[DIM3], xt[DIM3], xu[DIM3], xv[DIM3], xw[DIM3], xx[DIM3]; //6 - array of 4 pointers to floats float *ya[DIM2] = {xa, xb, xc, xd}, *yb[DIM2] = {xe, xf, xg, xh}; float *yc[DIM2] = {xi, xj, xk, xl}, *yd[DIM2] = {xm, xn, xo, xp}; float *ye[DIM2] = {xq, xr, xs, xt}, *yf[DIM2] = {xu, xv, xw, xx}; //2 - array of 3 pointers to pointers of floats float **za[DIM1] = {ya, yb, yc}; float **zb[DIM1] = {yd, ye, yf}; //array of 2 pointers to pointers to pointers of floats float ***ptr4D[DIM0] = {za, zb}; cout << &***ptr4D[DIM0] << '\n'; }

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• C++: Simple data type for a variable in IF statement?

  - by Jason

  I am new to C++ and am making a simple text RPG, anyway, The scenario is I have a "welcome" screen with choices 1-3, and have a simple IF statement to check them, here: int choice; std::cout << "--> "; std::cin >> choice; if(choice == 1) { //.. That works fine, but if someone enters a letter as selection (instead of 1, 2 or 3) it'll become "-392493492"or something and crash the program. So I came up with: char choice; std::cout << "--> "; std::cin >> choice; if(choice == 1) { //.. This works kinda fine, but when I enter a number it seems to skip the IF statements completely.. Is the char "1" the same as the number 1? I get a compiler errro with this (ISO-CPP or something): if(choice == "1") So how on earth do I see if they entered 1-3 correctly!?

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• C++ reference variable again!!!

  - by kumar_m_kiran

  Hi All, I think most would be surprised about the topic again, However I am referring to a book "C++ Common Knowledge: Essential Intermediate Programming" written by "Stephen C. Dewhurst". In the book, he quotes a particular sentence (in section under Item 5. References Are Aliases, Not Pointers), which is as below A reference is an alias for an object that already exists prior to the initialization of the reference. Once a reference is initialized to refer to a particular object, it cannot later be made to refer to a different object; a reference is bound to its initializer for its whole lifetime Can anyone please explain the context of "cannot later be made to refer to a different object" Below code works for me, #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i = 100; int& ref = i; cout<<ref<<endl; int k = 2000; ref = k; cout<<ref<<endl; return 0; } Here I am referring the variable ref to both i and j variable. And the code works perfectly fine. Am I missing something? I have used SUSE10 64bit linux for testing my sample program. Thanks for your input in advance.

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• C++ string.substr() function problem

  - by VaioIsBorn

  I want to make a program that will read some number in string format and output it like this: if the number is 12345 it should then output 12 23 34 45 . I tried using the substr() function from the c++ string library, but it gives me strange results - it outputs 1 23 345 45 instead of the expected result. Why ? #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main(void) { string a;cin >> a; string b;int c; for(int i=0;i<a.size()-1;++i) { b = a.substr(i,i+1); c = atoi(b.c_str()); cout << c << " "; } cout << endl; return 0; }

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• Simple C++ code (what's wrong here?)

  - by JW

  Noob to C++. I'm trying to get user input (Last Name, First Name Middle Name), change part of it (Middle Name to Middle Initial) and then rearrange it (First Middle Initial Last). Where am I messing up in my code? --Thanks for ANY help you can offer! ... #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::cin; #include <string> using std::string; int main() { string myString, last, first, middle; cout << "Enter your name: Last, First Middle"; cin >> last >> first >> middle; char comma, space1, space2; comma = myString.find_first_of(','); space1 = myString.find_first_of(' '); space2 = myString.find_last_of(' '); last = myString.substr (0, comma); // user input last name first = myString.substr (space1+1, -1); // user input first name middle = myString.substr (space2+1, -1); // user input middle name middle.insert (0, space2+1); // inserts middle initial in front of middle name middle.erase (1, -1); // deletes full middle name, leaving only middle initial myString = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last; // return 0; }

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