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  • How to properly assign a value to the member of a struct that has a class data type?

    - by sasayins
    Hi, Please kindly see below for the codes. Its compiling successfully but the expected result is not working. Im very confused because my initialization of the array is valid, //cbar.h class CBar { public: class CFoo { public: CFoo( int v ) : m_val = v {} int GetVal() { return m_val; } private: int m_val; }; public: static const CFoo foo1; static const CFoo foo2; public: CBar( CFoo foo ) m_barval( foo.GetVal() ){} int GetFooVal() { return m_barval; } private: int m_barval; }; //cbar.cpp const CBar::CFoo foo1 = CBar::CFoo(2); const CBar::CFoo foo2 = CBar::CFoo(3); //main.cpp struct St { CBar::CFoo foo; }; St st[] = { CBar::foo1, CBar::foo2 }; for( int i=0; i<sizeof(st)/sizeof(St); i++ ) { CBar cbar( st[i].foo ); std::cout << cbar.GetFooVal() << std::endl; } But then when I change the St::foo to a pointer. And like assign the address of CBar::foo1 or CBar::foo2, its working, like this, //main.cpp struct St { const CBar::CFoo *foo; }; St st[] = { &CBar::foo1, &CBar::foo2 }; for( int i=0; i<sizeof(st)/sizeof(St); i++ ) { CBar cbar( *st[i].foo ); std::cout << cbar.GetFooVal() << std::endl; } The real problem is. The app should output 2 3 Please advice. Many thanks.

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  • Should constant contructor aguments be passed by reference or value?

    - by Mike
    When const values are passed to an object construct should they be passed by reference or value? If you pass by value and the arguments are immediately fed to initializes are two copies being made? Is this something that the compiler will automatically take care of. I have noticed that all textbook examples of constructors and intitializers pass by value but this seems inefficient to me. class Point { public: int x; int y; Point(const int _x, const int _y) : x(_x), y(_y) {} }; int main() { const int a = 1, b = 2; Point p(a,b); Point q(3,5); cout << p.x << "," << p.y << endl; cout << q.x << "," << q.y << endl; } vs. class Point { public: int x; int y; Point(const int& _x, const int& _y) : x(_x), y(_y) {} }; Both compile and do the same thing but which is correct?

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  • C++ RPC library suggestions

    - by Oxsnarder
    I'm looking for suggestions regarding RPC libraries implemented in C++, for C++ developers. Some requirements constraints: Should work on both linux/unix and win32 systems Be able to execute free function and class methods Hopefully written in modern C++ not 90's/java-esque C++ Be able to function over networks and hetrogenous architectures Not too slow or inefficient Hopefully provide interfaces for TR1 style std::function's et al. My example usage is to invoke the free function foo on a remote machine. ---snip--- // foo translation unit int foo(int i, int j) { return i + j; } ---snip--- ---snip--- // client side main int main() { //register foo on client and server //setup necassary connections and states int result; if (RPCmechanism.invoke("foo",4,9,result)) std::cout << "foo(4,9) = " result << std::endl; else std::cout << "failed to invoke foo(4,9)!" << std::endl; return 0; } ---snip--- Something that can achieve the above or similar would be great.

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  • I can't get that `bus error` to stop sucking.

    - by Koning Baard XIV
    I have this a class called PPString: PPString.h #ifndef __CPP_PPString #define __CPP_PPString #include "PPObject.h" class PPString : public PPObject { char *stringValue[]; public: char *pointerToCharString(); void setCharString(char *charString[]); void setCharString(const char charString[]); }; #endif PPString.cpp #include "PPString.h" char *PPString::pointerToCharString() { return *stringValue; } void PPString::setCharString(char *charString[]) { *stringValue = *charString; } void PPString::setCharString(const char charString[]) { *stringValue = (char *)charString; } I'm trying to set the stringValue using std::cin: main.cpp PPString myString; myString.setCharString("LOLZ"); std::cout << myString.pointerToCharString() << std::endl; char *aa[1000]; std::cin >> *aa; myString.setCharString(aa); std::cout << myString.pointerToCharString() << std::endl; The first one, which uses a const char works, but the second one, with a char doesn't, and I get this output: copy and paste from STDOUT LOLZ im entering a string now... Bus error where the second line is what I entered, followed by pressing the return key. Can anyone help me fixing this? Thanks...

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  • Accessing variables with different scope in C++

    - by Portablejim
    With #include <iostream> using namespace std; int a = 1; int main() { int a = 2; if(true) { int a = 3; cout << a << " " << ::a // Can I access a = 2 here? << " " << ::a << endl; } cout << a << " " << ::a << endl; } having the output 3 1 1 2 1 Is there a way to access the 'a' equal to 2 inside the if statement where there is the 'a' equal to 3, with the output 3 2 1 2 1 Note: I know this should not be done (and the code should not get to the point where I need to ask). This question is more "can it be done".

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  • static member specialization of templated child class and templated base class

    - by b3nj1
    I'm trying to have a templated class (here C) that inherits from another templated class (here A) and perform static member specialization (of int var here), but I cant get the right syntax to do so (if it's possible #include <iostream> template<typename derived> class A { public: static int var; }; //This one works fine class B :public A<B> { public: B() { std::cout << var << std::endl; } }; template<> int A<B>::var = 9; //This one doesn't works template<typename type> class C :public A<C<type> > { public: C() { std::cout << var << std::endl; } }; //template<> template<typename type> int A<C<type> >::a = 10; int main() { B b; C<int> c; return 0; } I put an example that works with a non templated class (here B) and i can get the static member specialization of var, but for C that just doesn't work. Here is what gcc tells me : test.cpp: In constructor ‘C<type>::C()’: test.cpp:29:26: error: ‘var’ was not declared in this scope test.cpp: At global scope: test.cpp:34:18: error: template definition of non-template ‘int A<C<type> >::a’ I'm using gcc version 4.6.3, thanks for any help

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  • Porting Perl to C++ `print "\x{2501}" x 12;`

    - by jippie
    I am porting a program from Perl to C++ as a learning objective. I arrived at a routine that draws a table with commands like the following: Perl: print "\x{2501}" x 12; And it draws 12 times a '?' ("box drawings heavy horizontal"). Now I figured out part of the problem already: Perl: \x{}, \x00 Hexadecimal escape sequence; C++: \unnnn To print a single Unicode character: C++: printf( "\u250f\n" ); But does C++ have a smart equivalent for the 'x' operator or would it come down to a for loop? UPDATE Let me include the full source code I am trying to compile with the proposed solution. The compiler does throw an errors: g++ -Wall -Werror project.cpp -o project project.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: project.cpp:38:3: error: ‘string’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:38:15: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘s’ project.cpp:39:3: error: ‘cout’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:39:16: error: ‘s’ was not declared in this scope #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) { if ( argc != 2 ) { fprintf( stderr , "usage: %s matrix\n", argv[0] ); exit( 2 ); } else { //std::string s(12, "\u250f" ); std::string s(12, "u" ); std::cout << s; } }

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  • Does operator precedence in C++ differ for pointers and iterators?

    - by oraz
    The code below demonstrates this difference: #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { char s[] = "ABCD"; std::string str(s); char *p = s; while(*p) { *p++ = tolower(*p); // <-- incr after assignment } std::cout << s << std::endl; std::string::iterator it = str.begin(), end = str.end(); while(it != end) { *it++ = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? } std::cout << str << std::endl; return 0; } the code above outputs: abcd bcd if we separate assignment operation and increment operator: while(it != end) { *it = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? it++; } the output will be as expected. What's wrong with the original code? $ g++ --version g++ (GCC) 3.4.4 (cygming special, gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125) Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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  • C++ Vector of vectors is messing with me

    - by xbonez
    If I put this code in a .cpp file and run it, it runs just fine: #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; typedef vector<int> row; typedef vector<row> myMatrix; void main() { //cout << endl << "test" << endl; myMatrix mat(2,2); mat[0][1] = 2; cout << endl << mat[0][1] << endl; } But, if I make a .h and a .cpp file with the .h file like this, it gives me boatloads of errors. #ifndef _grid_ #define _grid_ #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<string> using namespace std; typedef vector<int> row; typedef vector<row> myMatrix; class grid { public: grid(); ~grid(); int getElement(unsigned int ri, unsigned int ci); bool setElement(unsigned int ri, unsigned int ci, unsigned int value); private: myMatrix sudoku_(9,9); }; #endif These are some of the errors I get: warning C4091: 'typedef ' : ignored on left of 'int' when no variable is declared error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int

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  • why cannot use uncaught_exception in dtor?

    - by camino
    Hi , Herb Sutter in his article http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/047.htm pointed out that we cannot use uncaught_exception in desturctor function, // Why the wrong solution is wrong // U::~U() { try { T t; // do work } catch( ... ) { // clean up } } If a U object is destroyed due to stack unwinding during to exception propagation, T::~T will fail to use the "code that could throw" path even though it safely could. but I write a test program, and T::~T in fact didn't use the "code that could throw" #include <exception> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class T { public: ~T() { if( !std::uncaught_exception() ) { cout<<"can throw"<<endl; throw 1; } else { cout<<"cannot throw"<<endl; } } }; struct U { ~U() { try { T t; } catch( ... ) { } } }; void f() { U u; throw 2; } int main() { try { f(); } catch(...) {} } output is : cannot throw did I miss something? Thanks

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  • thrust::unique_by_key eating up last element

    - by Programmer
    Please consider the below simple code: thrust::device_vector<int> positions(6); thrust::sequence(positions.begin(), positions.end()); thrust::pair<thrust::device_vector<int>::iterator, thrust::device_vector<int>::iterator > end; //copyListOfNgramCounteachdoc contains: 0,1,1,1,1,3 end.first = copyListOfNgramCounteachdoc.begin(); end.second = positions.begin(); for(int i =0 ; i < numDocs; i++){ end= thrust::unique_by_key(end.first, end.first + 3,end.second); } int length = end.first - copyListOfNgramCounteachdoc.begin() ; cout<<"the value of end -s is: "<<length; for(int i =0 ; i< length ; i++){ cout<<copyListOfNgramCounteachdoc[i]; } I expected the output to be 0,1,1,3 of this code; however, the output is 0,1,1. Can anyone let me know what I am missing? Note: the contents of copyListOfNgramCounteachdoc is 0,1,1,1,1,3 . Also the type of copyListOfNgramCounteachdoc is thrust::device_vector<int>.

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  • Name lookup for names not dependent on template parameter in VC++2008 Express. Is it a bug?

    - by Maciej H
    While experimenting a bit with C++ templates I managed to produce this simple code, for which the output is different, than I expected according to my understanding of C++ rules. void bar(double d) { std::cout << "bar(double) function called" << std::endl; } template <typename T> void foo(T t) { bar(3); } void bar(int i) { std::cout << "bar(int) function called" << std::endl; } int main() { foo(3); return 0; } When I compile this code is VC++2008 Express function bar(int) gets called. That would be the behaviour I would expect if bar(3);in the template body was dependent on the template parameter. But it's not. The rule I found here says "The C++ standard prescribes that all names that are not dependent on template parameters are bound to their present definitions when parsing a template function or class". Am I wrong, that "present definition" of bar when parsing the template function foo is the definition of void bar(double d);? Why it's not the case if I am wrong. There are no forward declarations of bar in this compilation unit.

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  • C++: Help with cin difference between Linux and Windows

    - by Krashman5k
    I have a Win32 console program that I wrote and it works fine. The program takes input from the user and performs some calculations and displays the output - standard stuff. For fun, I am trying to get the program to work on my Fedora box but I am running into an issue with clearing cin when the user inputs something that does not match my variable type. Here is the code in question: void CParameter::setPrincipal() { double principal = 0.0; cout << endl << "Please enter the loan principal: "; cin >> principal; while(principal <= 0) { if (cin.fail()) { cin.clear(); cin.ignore(INT_MAX, '\n'); } else { cout << endl << "Plese enter a number greater than zero. Please try again." << endl; cin >> principal; } } m_Parameter = principal; } This code works in Windows. For example, if the user tries to enter a char data type (versus double) then the program informs the user of the error, resets cin, and allows the user another opportunity to enter a valid value. When I move this code to Fedora, it compiles fine. When I run the program and enter an invalid data type, the while loop never breaks to allow the user to change the input. My questions are; how do I clear cin when invalid data is inputted in the Fedora environment? Also, how should I write this code so it will work in both environments (Windows & Linux)? Thanks in advance for your help!

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  • C++ Recursive function that reverses the order of an array's indexes between two bounds

    - by CPT Kirk
    I am trying to write a recursive function that has three arguments; an array and two array indexes. The function should reverse the order of the values between the two indexes. I would like to understand what is happening instead of just being told an answer. Here is my code so far: #include <iostream> using namespace std; char switchAroo(char a[], int b1, int b2); int main() { char a[6] {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', '\0'}; cout << a; switchAroo(a, 2, 5); return 0; } char switchAroo(char a [], int b1, int b2) { char temp; if (b1 == b2) cout << "The array after switchAroo is " << a << endl; else { temp = a[b1]; a[b1] = a[b2]; a[b2] = temp; b1++; b2--; return switchAroo(a, b1, b2); } } I am getting the following warning code: warning C4715: 'switchAroo' : not all control paths return a value Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Calling an Overridden Method from a Parent-Class Constructor

    - by Vaibhav Bajpai
    I tried calling an overridden method from a constructor of a parent class and noticed different behavior across languages. C++ - echoes A.foo() class A{ public: A(){foo();} virtual void foo(){cout<<"A.foo()";} }; class B : public A{ public: B(){} void foo(){cout<<"B.foo()";} }; int main(){ B *b = new B(); } Java - echoes B.foo() class A{ public A(){foo();} public void foo(){System.out.println("A.foo()");} } class B extends A{ public void foo(){System.out.println("B.foo()");} } class Demo{ public static void main(String args[]){ B b = new B(); } } C# - echoes B.foo() class A{ public A(){foo();} public virtual void foo(){Console.WriteLine("A.foo()");} } class B : A{ public override void foo(){Console.WriteLine("B.foo()");} } class MainClass { public static void Main (string[] args) { B b = new B(); } } I realize that in C++ objects are created from top-most parent going down the hierarchy, so when the constructor calls the overridden method, B does not even exist, so it calls the A' version of the method. However, I am not sure why I am getting different behavior in Java and C#.

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  • How can we find second maximum from array efficiently?

    - by Xinus
    Is it possible to find the second maximum number from an array of integers by traversing the array only once? As an example, I have a array of five integers from which I want to find second maximum number. Here is an attempt I gave in the interview: #define MIN -1 int main() { int max=MIN,second_max=MIN; int arr[6]={0,1,2,3,4,5}; for(int i=0;i<5;i++){ cout<<"::"<<arr[i]; } for(int i=0;i<5;i++){ if(arr[i]>max){ second_max=max; max=arr[i]; } } cout<<endl<<"Second Max:"<<second_max; int i; cin>>i; return 0; } The interviewer, however, came up with the test case int arr[6]={5,4,3,2,1,0};, which prevents it from going to the if condition the second time. I said to the interviewer that the only way would be to parse the array two times (two for loops). Does anybody have a better solution?

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  • switch namespace by if condtion

    - by pascal
    Hi, in my C++ program I have several namespaces that contain several pointers with identical names. I then want a function to choose a namespace according to a parameter. I.e. something like: #include <iostream> namespace ns1{ double x[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; } namespace ns2{ double x[5]={6,7,8,9,10}; } int main(){ int b=1; if(b==1){ using namespace ns1; } if(b==2){ using namespace ns2; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } However, this doesn't work since the compiler complains that x isn't known in that scope. I guess the problem is that "using namespace ..." is only valid within the if-statement. I think that it should be possible to switch namespaces somehow, but cannot find out how... Do you know how to do this without casting all variable separately? int main(){ int b=1; double *x; if(b==1){ x = ns1::x; } if(b==2){ x = ns2::x; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } Cheers, Pascal

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  • C ++ virtual function

    - by user2950788
    masters of C++. I am trying to implement polymorphism in C++. I want to write a base class with a virtual function and then redefine that function in the child class. then demonstrate dynamic binding in my driver program. But I just couldn't get it to work. I know how to do it in C#, so I figured that I might have made some syntactical mistakes where I had used C#'s syntax in my C++ code, but these mistakes are not obvious to me at all. So I'd greatly appreciate it if you would correct my mistakes. class polyTest { public: polyTest(); virtual void type(); virtual ~polyTest(); }; void polyTest::type() { cout << "first gen"; } class polyChild: public polyTest { public: void type(); }; void polyChild::type() { cout << "second gen"; } int main() { polyChild * ptr1; polyChild * ptr2; ptr1 = new polyTest(); ptr2 = new polyChild(); ptr1 -> type(); ptr2 -> type(); }

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  • C++: Calculate probability percentage during each iteration

    - by Mur Quirk
    Can't seem to get this to work. The idea is to calculate the percentage of heads and tails after each count, accumulating after each iteration. Except I keep getting nan% for my calculations. Anybody see what I'm doing wrong? void flipCoin(time_t seconds, int flipCount){ vector<int> flips; float headCount = 0; float tailCount = 0; double headProbability = double((headCount/(headCount + tailCount))*100); double tailProbability = double((tailCount/(headCount + tailCount))*100); for (int i=0; i < flipCount; i++) { int flip = rand() % (HEADS - TAILS + 1) + TAILS; flips.push_back(flip); if (flips[i] == 1) { tailCount++; cout << "Tail Percent: " << tailProbability << "%" << endl; }else{ headCount++; cout << "Head Percent: " << headProbability << "%" << endl; } } }

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  • How to implement tokenizer.rbegin() and rend() for boost::tokenizer ?

    - by Chan
    Hello everyone, I'm playing around with boost::tokenizer however I realize that it does not support rbegin() and rend(). I would like to ask how can I add these two functions to the existing class? This is from the boost site: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <boost/tokenizer.hpp> using namespace std; using namespace boost; int main() { string str( "12/12/1986" ); typedef boost::tokenizer<boost::char_separator<char>> tokenizer; boost::char_separator<char> sep( "/" ); tokenizer tokens( str, sep ); cout << *tokens.begin() << endl; // cout << *tokens.rbegin() << endl; How could I implement this? return 0; }

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  • Doubt on pointer conversion

    - by Simone
    Suppose we have the following code: #include <iostream> struct A { virtual void f() { std::cout << "A::f()" << std::endl; } }; struct B: A { void f() { std::cout << "B::f()" << std::endl; } }; void to_A(void* voidp) { A* aptr = static_cast<A*>(voidp); aptr->f(); } void to_B(void* voidp) { B* bptr2 = static_cast<B*>(voidp); bptr2->f(); } int main() { B* bptr = new B; void* voidp = bptr; to_A(voidp); // prints B::f() to_B(voidp); // prints B::f() } is this code guaranteed to always work as in the code comments or is it UB? AFAIK it should be ok, but I'd like to be reassured.

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  • Efficiently get the size of a parameter pack up to a certain index

    - by NmdMystery
    I want to be able to determine the number of bytes that are in a subset of a parameter pack from 0 to a given index. Right now I'm using a non-constexpr way of doing this. Below is my code: template <size_t index, typename... args> struct pack_size_index; template <size_t index, typename type_t, typename... args> struct pack_size_index <index, type_t, args...> { static const size_t index_v = index; static const size_t value(void) { if (index_v > 0) { return sizeof(type_t) + pack_size_index<index - 1, args...>::value(); } return 0; } }; template <size_t index> struct pack_size_index <index> { static const size_t index_v = index; static const size_t value(void) { return 0; } }; Usage: //output: 5 (equal to 1 + 4) std::cout << pack_size_index<2, bool, float, int, double>::value() << std::endl; //output: 20 (equal to 8 + 8 + 4) std::cout << pack_size_index<3, double, double, float, int>::value() << std::endl; This gets the job done, but this uses runtime comparison and the resulting executable increases in size rapidly whenever this is used. What's a less expensive way of doing this?

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  • Should we use p(..) or (*p)(..) when p is a function pointer?

    - by q0987
    Reference: [33.11] Can I convert a pointer-to-function to a void*? #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> int f(char x, int y) { return x; } int g(char x, int y) { return y; } typedef int(*FunctPtr)(char,int); int callit(FunctPtr p, char x, int y) // original { return p(x, y); } int callitB(FunctPtr p, char x, int y) // updated { return (*p)(x, y); } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { FunctPtr p = g; // original std::cout << p('c', 'a') << std::endl; FunctPtr pB = &g; // updated std::cout << (*pB)('c', 'a') << std::endl; return 0; } Question Which way, the original or updated, is the recommended method? Thank you Although I do see the following usage in the original post: void baz() { FredMemFn p = &Fred::f; ? declare a member-function pointer ... }

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  • Using an iterator without its container

    - by User1
    I am mixing some C and C++ libraries and have only a single pointer available to do some work in a callback function. All I need to do is iterate through a vector. Here's a simplified, untested example: bool call_back(void* data){ done=... if (!done) cout << *data++ << endl; return done; } Note that this function is in an extern "C" block in C++. call_back will be called until true is returned. I want it to cout the next element each time it's called. data is a pointer to something that I can pass from elsewhere in the code (an iterator in the above example, but can be anything). Something from data will likely be used to calculate done. I see two obvious options to give to data: Have data point to my vector. Have data point to an iterator of my vector. I can't use an iterator without having the .end() method available, right? I can't use a vector alone (unless maybe I start removing its data). I could make a struct with both vector and iterator, but is there a better way? What would you do?

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  • base class , inheritate class sizeof()

    - by user1279988
    why sizeof(X) is 4 and sizeof(Y) is 8? and another question, in class X, only the int(i) count as sizeof() 4? member function does take any memory space? Plz tell me, thanks! class X { int i; public: X() { i = 0; } void set(int ii) { i = ii; } int read() const { return i; } int permute() { return i = i * 47; } }; class Y : public X { int i; // Different from X's i public: Y() { i = 0; } int change() { i = permute(); // Different name call return i; } void set(int ii) { i = ii; X::set(ii); // Same-name function call } }; cout << "sizeof(X) = " << sizeof(X) << endl; cout << "sizeof(Y) = "

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