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• How can I set up FakeRAID/SoftRAID using mdadm without losing data?

  - by Danatela

  There is RAID0 of 2 drives connected through Silicon Image 3132 SATA SoftRAID controller. Under Windows it was partitioned as one dynamic GPT-disk having 4 TB NTFS volume. There is a lot of music and movies on the drive. I'm trying to get him to be seen under Ubuntu as a single disk, not as 2 by 2 terabytes. I tried to read it through dmraid, had no success, it is not displayed in /dev/mapper. Also tried to configure the kernel, but did not find anything suspicious, the driver for my controller was on. There is also a driver from the manufacturer, but it is only available for RHEL and SLES. Here it's reported that SoftRAID is supported by the kernel, but apparently not completely. If I thrust drives in the AMD controller, built into the motherboard, the drive is seen as a single, but the data is lost. I know about mdadm that it is able to ditch all the information on the disks. So, is it possible to somehow create an array without actually recording information on used drives and to make the system correctly identify sections on it later? Information about the array: /dev/sdf - Disk 0 /dev/sdg - Disk 1 Array type: Stripe Block Size: 64KB Also, a device /dev/md1 is created using command mknod /dev/md1 b 9 1

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• Recommended storage scheme for home server? (LVM/JBOD/RAID 5...)

  - by j-g-faustus

  Are there any guidelines for which storage scheme(s) makes most sense for a multiple-disk home server? I am assuming a separate boot/OS disk (so bootability is not a concern, this is for data storage only) and 4-6 storage disks of 1-2 TB each, for a total storage capacity in the range 4-12 TB. The file system is ext4, I expect there will be only one big partition spanning all disks. As far as I can tell, the alternatives are individual disks pros: works with any combination of disk sizes; losing a disk loses only the data on that disk; no need for volume management. cons: data management is clumsy when logical units (like a "movies" folder) are larger than the capacity of any single drive. JBOD span pros: can merge disks of any size. cons: losing a disk loses all data on all disks LVM pros: can merge disks of any size; relatively simple to add and remove disks. cons: losing a disk loses all data on all disks RAID 0 pros: speed cons: losing one drive loses all data; disks must be same size RAID 5 pros: data survives losing one disk cons: gives up one disk worth of capacity; disks must be same size RAID 6 pros: data survives losing two disks cons: gives up two disks worth of capacity; disks must be same size I'm primarily considering either LVM or JBOD span simply because it will let me reuse older, smaller-capacity disks when I upgrade the system. The runner-up is RAID 0 for speed. I'm planning on having full backups to a separate system, so I expect the extra redundancy from RAID levels 5 or 6 won't be important. Is this a fair representation of the alternatives? Are there other considerations or alternatives I have missed? And what would you recommend?

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• Why does my RAID configuration with mdadm fail on reboots?

  - by Andy B

  I have been running Ubuntu server on my machine for 2 years and it has worked ok. I would like to speed it up by raiding a few drives. The machine is used to host my Mysql databases internally. using MDADM raid.. I have tried 2 schemes so far with the 3 drives. 2 partitions on each drive 1 for the swap 1 for the O/S both of them turned into drives raid level 5 3 partitions on each drive 1 for the boot 1 for the swap and 1 for the root. The boot I set to raid level1 and the swap and root raid drives were set to level5 Both setup worked fine for about a week, then on a reboot things fall apart. by fall apart I mean I end up with a bunch of hard drive errors on the screen and then get a grub prompt. Why do they fail on reboots? I am eager to understand what I am doing wrong thanks!

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• Question for class

  - by Tyler

  I have a question for class that I cannot figure out, I was hoping the helpful folks at Ask Ubuntu could help. The question is basically this: Your Linux system appears to have a DHCP problem. You decide to release and renew the DHCP lease by running the following command "SUDO IFCONFIG ETH0 DOWN". The command gives an error message saying Linux doesn't recognize the command. What's the problem? Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• Client side prediction/simulation Question

  - by Legendre

  I found a related question but it doesn't have what I needed. Client A sends input to move at T0. Server receives input at T1. All clients receive the change at T2. Question: With client-side prediction, client A would start moving at T0, client-side. All other clients receive the change at T2, so to them, client A only started moving at T2. If I understand correctly, client B will always see client A's past position and not his current position? How do I sync both client B and client A?

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• grub installation in fatal error in jbod disk setting

  - by Vincent

  so i have this jbod drive, with two different partition partition A is for windows while B i would like to have ubuntu 12.04 in it however at the end of ubuntu installation, there is an error stating grub failed to install and a fatal error. i was given option as to where to install the grub, and i tried them all and all giving me the same fatal error here is one example of options given /dev/mapper/nvidia_eeffaace1 to my knowledge grub is supposed to be installed in /dev/sda but in jbod configuration, both sda and sdb isnt available please help me and thank you

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• Interview question ranking FizzBuzz (1), implementing malloc (10)

  - by blrs

  I'd like to have your opinion on the difficulty of the following interview question: Find the subarray with maximum sum in an array of integers in O(n) time. This trivial sounding problem was made famous by Jon Bentley in his Programming Pearls where he uses it to demonstrate algorithm design techniques. On a scale of 1-10, 1 being the FizzBuzz (or HoppityHop) test and 10 being implement the C stdlib function malloc(), how would you rank the above problem? I think the people who can best answer this question are those who have read Programming Pearls and have tried to solve this problem on their own. To motivate those who haven't, 'Programming Pearls' gets featured many times in the 'Top 10 programming books' list.

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• Missed question in technical phone interview and the follow up letter

  - by Jacob

  I may have just bombed a C++ technical phone interview. The interviewer asked mostly about data structures and I was able to go into detail about each of the data structures he asked about. Score one for me I'm thinking. Wrong. Then he asks to join me on a collaboration website where he can see what I am typing. This was the same process as interview #1 which went well, not perfect, but well. So the question was: How do you reverse a linked list? he gave a function prototype similar to Node *reverse(Node *head) I struggled with this for about 10-15 minutes until the hour was up. I was able to get the general idea across but was not able to reverse the link list. My question is that after remembering the answer post interview do I mention this in the thank you letter, if I even should write one?

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• How to force update-grub to use UUID?

  - by user276851

  When I run "update-grub", the file "grub.cfg" will contain lines like this. menuentry 'Ubuntu...' { ... linux /boot/vmlinuz... root=/dev/md124 ... ... } For the line of linux, is it possible to let it use UUID? Like, linux /boot/vmlinux... root=UUID=xxx Right now, every time after I do update-grub, I have to manually edit the line to use UUID. Otherwise, the boot will fail. Thanks for the help.

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• Closing Question Rights in Stack over flow

  - by Asim Sajjad

  I have posted my Question and some one has closed that question, but i didn't get my answer from any of the viewer who have view my question or post theire answer, how can anyone close question when I don't get answer or statisfied with the answer posted against my question??? Why people close the question without permission of the question owner ???

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• Home ZFS based NAS...What processor/chipset to use?

  - by MrBlargityBlarg

  So, I'm building a home/personal NAS. My plan is to expose both SMB fileshares for sharing files/media between hosts, but also to carve an iSCSI target LUN out of it for use by VMWare as a datastore. I want to use ZFS (software RAID) so that means I'll either be using FreeNAS, Solaris Express, or OpenIndiana. My question is basically: How much horsepower do I need? Obviously I/O is going to be my bottleneck but I want to be sure that I am not limiting my I/O because of a slow processor or chipset. So far the hardware plan is to use an Intel i3 and motherboard with one of the H87, Q87, or Z87 chipsets, a SAS controller (JBOD, no RAID) and if budget allows, I'm also hoping to get an SSD for the ZFS L2ARC and ZIL. Does anyone think I could get away with an Intel Atom or cheaper/less-capable processor/chipset than the i3 and [HQZ]87 listed above?

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• RAID driver to choose for slipstreaming XP installation on ASUS P5S800

  - by alex

  I'm trying to install Windows XP on my new SATA drive but I need to first slipstream the drivers with nLite. I've done this before, but not on an ASUS P5S800 - VM motherboard. I'm not used to the number of choices it gives me for drivers in SiS chipsets. When I look through the folder that I downloaded from ASUS for the RAID driver, I see many folders with different versions of the driver. Here are the folders or versions given. 180ob 964_180 965 966_968 What drivers do I need to add in order to get XP on my SATA disk?

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• RAID5 and different sizes of HDDs

  - by MyFlower

  Today I set up my first RAID ever. I decided to use RAID5, because I want as much space as possible, but I'm to afraid to use RAID0 because of possible data loss. I have 4 0,5TB drives and in RAID5 I have about 1,36TB usable. That's fine by me. Now I have a question. I'm thinking about purchasing a 2TB drive and can't figure out if it is possible to add it to this RAID (4*0,5TB + 1*2TB HDD) and how much space will I gain. I hope someone can answer me, it would help a lot! Thank you in advance.

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• Defragment an Exchange Volume

  - by IceMage

  The Scenario: I use a dedicated volume (RAID volume) to store all of my data for my Exchange 2007 server. Today, out of curiosity, I decided to check up on how fragmented the files on this data volume were. To my surprise, the answer is extremely. So, a three part question: First and Foremost, SHOULD I defragment this volume (after a full backup of course)? Be specific as to why not if I should not, or reasons I absolutely should if I should. Second, about how much time should I allow for during this maintenance period per gigabyte. The drives are all 7200 RPM SATA drives on a Hardware RAID 5 controller (Perc 5i/6i, can't remember), the files are extremely fragmented. (Over 5000 file fragments per gigabyte). Third, is there something wrong here? It seems to me like the drive shouldn't be this fragmented. Could something be configured incorrectly that could be causing this to happen?

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• RAID10 without write-back cache = horrible write performance?

  - by Harry Mexican

  I have just provisioned a dedicated server on singlehop. I'm running it through some tests to know what to expect performance-wise. On the I/O side (with 4 1TB disks in RAID 10) I get: write-cache disabled 200 MB/s read throughput 30 MB/s write throughput I thought that was really low compared to my desktop HD which gets 150-150 or so. So I had a chat with them and they suggested enabling the write cache. New results: write-cache enabled 280 MB/s read 260 MB/s write which is great and all but means I'd have to add a BBU for an additional monthly cost. Is it normal for the write throughput to be 1/4 of a regular drive on RAID10, if you don't have write cache? It almost feels like its intentionally bad to force you to pony up for the BBU. I'd be happy with normal non-raid performance of 150/150.

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• Why can't add a hot spare in freebsd? Can anybody help me fix it?

  - by hamlet

  Why can't add a hot spare? Can anybody help me fix it? mfiutil add e1:s1 mfid0 mfiutil: Drive 1 is not available My mfi status:: mfiutil show config mfi0 Configuration: 1 arrays, 1 volumes, 0 spares array 0 of 2 drives: drive 0 ( 137G) ONLINE <HITACHI HUS153014VLS300 A410 serial=JFWHSB4C> SAS enclosure 1, slot 0 drive 1 ( 137G) ONLINE <HITACHI HUS153014VLS300 A410 serial=JFWJ3AEC> SAS enclosure 1, slot 1 volume mfid0 (136G) RAID-1 64K OPTIMAL spans: array 0 mfiutil show events 1468 (boot + 25s/BATTERY/WARN) - Battery removed 1475 (boot + 52s/DRIVE/WARN) - PD 00(e1/s0) is not a certified drive 1478 (boot + 52s/DRIVE/WARN) - PD 01(e1/s1) is not a certified drive 1480 (boot + 64s/BATTERY/WARN) - BBU disabled; changing WB virtual disks to WT mfiutil show volumes mfi0 Volumes: Id Size Level Stripe State Cache Name mfid0 ( 136G) RAID-1 64K OPTIMAL Disabled

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• S.M.A.R.T - Predictive Failure Count

  - by Bastien974

  I'm monitoring my IBM ServeRAID M5015 controller for RAID status with MegaCLI, I have this on one of the disk : Enclosure Device ID: 252 Slot Number: 6 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 14 Sequence Number: 2 Media Error Count: 32 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 18 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 8119 PD Type: SAS Raw Size: 279.396 GB [0x22ecb25c Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 278.896 GB [0x22dcb25c Sectors] Coerced Size: 278.464 GB [0x22cee000 Sectors] Firmware state: Online, Spun Up SAS Address(0): 0x5000c50042c319c9 SAS Address(1): 0x0 Connected Port Number: 5(path0) Inquiry Data: IBM-ESXSST9300653SS B6336XN04HC10525B633 IBM FRU/CRU: 81Y9671 FDE Capable: Not Capable FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: None Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive: Not Certified Drive Temperature :33 Celsius What does this mean exactly ? I can't find an exact description, is there a way to have more details ? The RAID array has the Optimal state. Media Error Count: 32 Predictive Failure Count: 18 Is there a way through the CLI to power-on the front LED so I physically know which disk I need to replace ?

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• Dell poweredge 1850's - wont install os

  - by user1326789

  I have 3 of these dell 1850 rack servers. 1 has 3GB RAM and 2 73GB HDD's. 2 have 6GB RAM and each of them has 2 73GB HDD's. I am currently trying to install an os on them but when i boot with windows xp setup, it gives me an error saying no partition found. Now i have set these drives up in RAID on the server and i put them "online" so it should be working fine but they're not. Please assist me in installing an operating system on these, i have no clue as to if it's the BIOS or the RAID controller within it. Thanks in advance, -Matt.

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• Accessing multiple local HD's or RAID with ESXi 4.0

  - by Shawn Anderson

  How to I get additional HD's to be recognized and used by ESXi 4.0. When I purchased my system I had two 2TB HD's, but when I installed ESXi it only recognized one of them. I'm happy to get whatever number of drives that I need (I have a four bay SATA in my Dell T310). What are some options? RAID? If so, is it supported. I guess I would need hardware instead of software since ESXi is so small. The VMWare forums (where I've lived for the last two days) are a charlie foxtrot of outdated and conflicting info. I want to utilize my T310, with 32 GB RAM, 2.8GHz quad core to run many lab Windows VM's. I don't need production level availability but I do want decent performance, even though it's in a lab environment. A huge thanks to Jim B., Zypher, Helvick, and Jeff Hengesbach who posted answers to my earlier predecessor question on why ESXi was so sluggish.

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• Intel Rapid Storage Technology service always crashes

  - by Massimo

  I'm running Windows 7 x64 on a system based on an Asus Z87-Deluxe motherboard; the storage is configured for RAID mode; there is a single SSD drive for the O.S. and two 4-TB disks in a RAID 1 setup for the data. I've installed the latest version of Intel's Rapid Storage Technology drivers, 12.8.0.1016. The program complains about its service not being running, and the service is actually stopped; if I try to start it, it crashes. I've already tried reinstalling the package, but nothing changed. All the disks work correctly, but the RST program is unusable. How can I fix this?

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• file corruption on read/write 2.6.32-22-server (happens across many kernels)

  - by Jonathan

  Hi Guys, I'm having an issue where after the server has been up for a period of time (~week/few days) the server will start reading corrupt data. For instance when I run a sha1sum of a file after a fresh boot it remains the same. However after a while I will start to get segfaults and from then on whenever I read this file I get a different sha1sum. I've checked S.M.A.R.T with long tests and I've run an extended memtest86+(12 passes) My lspci is as follows: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (int gfx) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 3) 00:11.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 SATA Controller [AHCI mode] 00:12.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:12.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:12.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 3c) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 IDE Controller 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 LPC host controller 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:14.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI2 Controller 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon HD 3300 Graphics 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0) 03:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. Device 3403 I could really use some help on this, do you have any idea what could cause this? It's really frustrating me as it seems to trigger entirely randomly and will not go away until I reboot. I'm also use KVM for virtualization as well as MD for software RAID on this server and the processor is a Phenom II X4 965. I don't believe it's the software raid however as this affects files also hosted on non-raid partitions so I don't know.

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• What parameters to mdadm, to re-create md device with payload starting at 0x22000 position on backing storage?

  - by Adam Ryczkowski

  I try to recover from mdadm raid disaster, which happened when moving from ubuntu server 10.04 to 12.04. I know the correct order of devices from dmesg log, but given this information, I still cannot access the data. The superblocks look messy; the mdadm --examine for each disk is on this question on askubuntu By inspecting the raw contents of backing storage, I found the beginning of my data (the LUKS container in my case) at position 0x22000 relative to the beginning of the first partition in the raid. Question: What is the combination of options issued to "mdadm --create" to re-create mdadm that starts with the given offset? Bitmap size? PS. The relevant information from syslog when the system was healthy are pasted here.

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• Battery backed write cache behavior upon disk change

  - by Halfgaar

  We use 3ware Inc 9650SE SATA-II RAID PCIe RAID controllers with battery backed write cache. Our spare hardware has the same controller. I was wondering; are these controllers smart enough not to sync the cache when the disks have been changed? For example, if I deploy one of those spare machines by putting in the disks of another machine and that spare machine still has pending writes, will it be smart enough not to perform those writes on the replaced array? Edit: my scenario is not really made clear, so let me give an example: server1 goes down because of power supply failure. I put the disks in server2 and start. I repair server1 I put the disks back from server2 in server1 (it's not relevant right now that in reality I would probably keep server2 running). If server1 doesn't have safeguards, it will write to the array, thinking it's simply powering up again, corrupting it.

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• Splitting a drive which has layout as mirrored and type as dynamic

  - by shiva

  I have a C drive/volume in my server with layout = mirror and type =dynamic and status as healthy(boot,pagefile,crashdump). I have some questions regarding this configuration: I think it is a raid configuration.Please correct me if I am wrong. I read that, mirroring is nothing but raid-1 configuration. All my software and OS is in this drive. I want my software to be in a separate drive, but I am not sure if I can create a separate drive from the above mentioned c drive. I want to know: a. If I can do it and how ?(using disk management) b. If this is a right approach ?

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• fdisk (linux) partitioning raid0

  - by silverrocker

  'm trying to create partitions for a slackware instalation on my computer (beside Windows 7) just to have a nice distro running mostly for school but when I run fdisk and print the partitiontable I get the following message: Partition x does not end on cylinder boundary. (in my case x = 1, just using x to help googlers). I must say I'm using a raid card (AMCC 3ware 9500S SATA RAID Controller). Maybe this is the problem. How can I fix this without loosing any data? (I've posted this qeustion on stack overflow aswell but then people sugjested it should be moved to here, but I don't know how to move my question so I just posted it here manually (I hope that's ok))

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