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  • Fastest way to generate delimited string from 1d numpy array

    - by Abiel
    I have a program which needs to turn many large one-dimensional numpy arrays of floats into delimited strings. I am finding this operation quite slow relative to the mathematical operations in my program and am wondering if there is a way to speed it up. For example, consider the following loop, which takes 100,000 random numbers in a numpy array and joins each array into a comma-delimited string. import numpy as np x = np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(100): ",".join(map(str, x)) This loop takes about 20 seconds to complete (total, not each cycle). In contrast, consider that 100 cycles of something like elementwise multiplication (x*x) would take than one 1/10 of a second to complete. Clearly the string join operation creates a large performance bottleneck; in my actual application it will dominate total runtime. This makes me wonder, is there a faster way than ",".join(map(str, x))? Since map() is where almost all the processing time occurs, this comes down to the question of whether there a faster to way convert a very large number of numbers to strings.

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  • Django stupid mark_safe?

    - by Mark
    I wrote this little function for writing out HTML tags: def html_tag(tag, content=None, close=True, attrs={}): lst = ['<',tag] for key, val in attrs.iteritems(): lst.append(' %s="%s"' % (key, escape_html(val))) if close: if content is None: lst.append(' />') else: lst.extend(['>', content, '</', tag, '>']) else: lst.append('>') return mark_safe(''.join(lst)) Which worked great, but then I read this article on efficient string concatenation (I know it doesn't really matter for this, but I wanted consistency) and decided to update my script: def html_tag(tag, body=None, close=True, attrs={}): s = StringIO() s.write('<%s'%tag) for key, val in attrs.iteritems(): s.write(' %s="%s"' % (key, escape_html(val))) if close: if body is None: s.write(' />') else: s.write('>%s</%s>' % (body, tag)) else: s.write('>') return mark_safe(s.getvalue()) But now my HTML get escaped when I try to render it from my template. Everything else is exactly the same. It works properly if I replace the last line with return mark_safe(unicode(s.getvalue())). I checked the return type of s.getvalue(). It should be a str, just like the first function, so why is this failing?? Also fails with SafeString(s.getvalue()) but succeeds with SafeUnicode(s.getvalue()). I'd also like to point out that I used return mark_safe(s.getvalue()) in a different function with no odd behavior.

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  • Graphing a line and scatter points using Matplotlib?

    - by Patrick O'Doherty
    Hi guys I'm using matplotlib at the moment to try and visualise some data I am working on. I'm trying to plot around 6500 points and the line y = x on the same graph but am having some trouble in doing so. I can only seem to get the points to render and not the line itself. I know matplotlib doesn't plot equations as such rather just a set of points so I'm trying to use and identical set of points for x and y co-ordinates to produce the line. The following is my code from matplotlib import pyplot import numpy from pymongo import * class Store(object): """docstring for Store""" def __init__(self): super(Store, self).__init__() c = Connection() ucd = c.ucd self.tweets = ucd.tweets def fetch(self): x = [] y = [] for t in self.tweets.find(): x.append(t['positive']) y.append(t['negative']) return [x,y] if __name__ == '__main__': c = Store() array = c.fetch() t = numpy.arange(0., 0.03, 1) pyplot.plot(array[0], array[1], 'ro', t, t, 'b--') pyplot.show() Any suggestions would be appreciated, Patrick

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  • One Line 'If' or 'For'...

    - by aTory
    Every so often on here I see someone's code and what looks to be a 'one-liner', that being a one line statement that performs in the standard way a traditional 'if' statement or 'for' loop works. I've googled around and can't really find what kind of ones you can perform? Can anyone advise and preferably give some examples? For example, could I do this in one line: example = "example" if "exam" in example: print "yes!" Or: for a in someList: list.append(splitColon.split(a))

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  • Requires a valid Date or x-amz-date header?

    - by Jordan Messina
    I'm getting the following error when attempting to upload a file to S3: S3StorageError: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Error><Code>AccessDenied</Code><Message>AWS authentication requires a valid Date or x-amz-date header</Message><RequestId>7910FF83F3FE17E2</RequestId><HostId>EjycXTgSwUkx19YNkpAoY2UDDur/0d5SMvGJUicpN6qCZFa2OuqcpibIR3NJ2WKB</HostId></Error> I'm using Django with Django-Storages and Imagekit My S3 settings in my settings.py looks as follows: locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, 'en_US') DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'backends.s3.S3Storage' AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = '************************' AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = '*****************************' AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'static.blabla.com' AWS_HEADERS = { 'x-amz-date': datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'), 'Expires': 'Thu, 15 Apr 2200 20:00:00 GMT', } from S3 import CallingFormat AWS_CALLING_FORMAT = CallingFormat.SUBDOMAIN Thanks for any help you can give!

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  • List of Django model instance foreign keys losing consistency during state changes.

    - by Joshua
    I have model, Match, with two foreign keys: class Match(model.Model): winner = models.ForeignKey(Player) loser = models.ForeignKey(Player) When I loop over Match I find that each model instance uses a unique object for the foreign key. This ends up biting me because it introduces inconsistency, here is an example: >>> def print_elo(match_list): ... for match in match_list: ... print match.winner.id, match.winner.elo ... print match.loser.id, match.loser.elo ... >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 1192.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 >>> teacher_match_list[0].winner.elo = 3000 >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 3000 # Object 4 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 # Object 4 >>> I solved this problem like so: def unify_refrences(match_list): """Makes each unique refrence to a model instance non-unique. In cases where multiple model instances are being used django creates a new object for each model instance, even if it that means creating the same instance twice. If one of these objects has its state changed any other object refrencing the same model instance will not be updated. This method ensure that state changes are seen. It makes sure that variables which hold objects pointing to the same model all hold the same object. Visually this means that a list of [var1, var2] whose internals look like so: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 --> object2 --> model1 Will result in the internals being changed so that: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 ------^ """ match_dict = {} for match in match_list: try: match.winner = match_dict[match.winner.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.winner.id] = match.winner try: match.loser = match_dict[match.loser.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.loser.id] = match.loser My question: Is there a way to solve the problem more elegantly through the use of QuerySets without needing to call save at any point? If not, I'd like to make the solution more generic: how can you get a list of the foreign keys on a model instance or do you have a better generic solution to my problem? Please correct me if you think I don't understand why this is happening.

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  • Catching typos in scripting languages

    - by Geo
    If your scripting language of choice doesn't have something like Perl's strict mode, how are you catching typos? Are you unit testing everything? Every constructor, every method? Is this the only way to go about it?

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  • How do I do this Database Model in Django?

    - by alex
    Django currently does not support the "Point" datatype in MySQL. That's why I created my own. class PointField(models.Field): def db_type(self): return 'Point' class Tag(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) utm = PointField() As you can see, this works, and syncdb creates the model fine. However, my current code calculates a length between two Points using raw SQL. cursor.execute("SELECT user_id FROM life_tag WHERE\ (GLength(LineStringFromWKB(LineString(asbinary(utm), asbinary(PointFromWKB(point(%s, %s)))))) < 55)... This says: Select where the length between the given point and the table point is less than 55. How can I do this with Django instead of RAW SQL? I don't want to do cursors and SELECT statements anymore. How can I modify the models.py in order to do this?

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  • Fixing color in scatter plots in matplotlib

    - by ajhall
    Hi guys, I'm going to have to come back and add some examples if you need them, which you might. But, here's the skinny- I'm plotting scatter plots of lab data for my research. I need to be able to visually compare the scatter plots from one plot to the next, so I want to fix the color range on the scatter plots and add in a colorbar to each plot (which will be the same in each figure). Essentially, I'm fixing all aspects of the axes and colorspace etc. so that the plots are directly comparable by eye. For the life of me, I can't seem to get my scatter() command to properly set the color limits in the colorspace (default)... i.e., I figure out my total data's min and total data's max, then apply them to vmin, vmax, for the subset of data, and the color still does not come out properly in both plots. This must come up here and there, I can't be the only one that wants to compare various subsets of data amongst plots... so, how do you fix the colors so that each data keeps it's color between plots and doesn't get remapped to a different color due to the change in max/min of the subset -v- the whole set? I greatly appreciate all your thoughts!!! A mountain-dew and fiery-hot cheetos to all! -Allen

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  • How to update the contents of a FigureCanvasTkAgg

    - by Copo
    I'm plotting some data in a Tkinter FigureCanvasTkagg using matplotlib. I need to clear the figure where i plot data and draw new data when a button is pressed. here is the plotting part of the code (there's an App class defined before..) self.fig = figure() self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111) self.ax.set_ylim( min(y), max(y) ) self.line, = self.ax.semilogx(x,y,'.-') #tuple of a single element self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master) self.ax.semilogx(x,y,'o-') self.canvas.show() self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1) self.frame.pack() how do i update the contents of such a canvas? regards, Jacopo

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  • NumPy: how to quickly normalize many vectors?

    - by EOL
    How can a list of vectors be elegantly normalized, in NumPy? Here is an example that does not work: from numpy import * vectors = array([arange(10), arange(10)]) # All x's, then all y's norms = apply_along_axis(linalg.norm, 0, vectors) # Now, what I was expecting would work: print vectors.T / norms # vectors.T has 10 elements, as does norms, but this does not work The last operation yields "shape mismatch: objects cannot be broadcast to a single shape". How can the normalization of the 2D vectors in vectors be elegantly done, with NumPy? Edit: Why does the above not work while adding a dimension to norms does work (as per my answer below)?

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  • I need to know what link is clicked, how do i get these variables with cherrypy?

    - by user291071
    Lets say I display 3 links, I want to accomplish 2 things, know which link is clicked, and record this choice in a list/pickle or txt file but also capture this variable in cherrypy so I can perform another action. How do I do this? Its been suggested that I use a query string which makes sense but I can't get the querystring variable to cherrypy to use for further actions. So would anyone have a simple code of cherrypy with lets say 2 pages and have one page display 2 links with a querystring in each and the second page able to get that value?

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  • Django: Serving Media Behind Custom URL

    - by TheLizardKing
    So I of course know that serving static files through Django will send you straight to hell but I am confused on how to use a custom url to mask the true location of the file using Django. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2681338/django-serving-a-download-in-a-generic-view but the answer I accepted seems to be the "wrong" way of doing things. urls.py: url(r'^song/(?P<song_id>\d+)/download/$', song_download, name='song_download'), views.py: def song_download(request, song_id): song = Song.objects.get(id=song_id) fsock = open(os.path.join(song.path, song.filename)) response = HttpResponse(fsock, mimetype='audio/mpeg') response['Content-Disposition'] = "attachment; filename=%s - %s.mp3" % (song.artist, song.title) return response This solution works perfectly but not perfectly enough it turns out. How can I avoid having a direct link to the mp3 while still serving through nginx/apache? EDIT 1 - ADDITIONAL INFO Currently I can get my files by using an address such as: http://www.example.com/music/song/1692/download/ But the above mentioned method is the devil's work. How can I accomplished what I get above while still making nginx/apache serve the media? Is this something that should be done at the webserver level? Some crazy mod_rewrite? http://static.example.com/music/Aphex%20Twin%20-%20Richard%20D.%20James%20(V0)/10%20Logon-Rock%20Witch.mp3

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  • django admin app error (Model with property field): global name 'full_name' is not defined

    - by rxin
    This is my model: class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return full_name def _get_full_name(self): "Returns the person's full name." if self.middle_name == '': return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) else: return "%s %s %s" % (self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name) full_name = property(_get_full_name) Everything is fine except when I go into admin interface, I see TemplateSyntaxError at /bibbase2/admin/bibbase2/author/ Caught an exception while rendering: global name 'full_name' is not defined It seems like the built-in admin app doesn't work with a property field. Is there something wrong with my code?

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  • How to run unittest under pydev for Django?

    - by photon
    I configured properties for my django project under pydev. I can run the django app under pydev or under console window. I can also run unittest for app under console window. But I have problems to run unittest under pydev. I guess it's something related to run configurations of pydev, so I made several trials, but with no success. Once I got messages like this: ImportError: Could not import settings 'D:\django_projects\MyProject' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named D:\django_projects\MyProject ERROR: Module: MyUnittestFile could not be imported. Another time I got messages like this: ImportError: Could not import settings 'MyProject.settngs' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named settngs 'ERROR: Module: MyUnittestFile could not be imported. I use pydev 1.5.6 on eclipse and windows xp. Any ideas for this problem?

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  • installing simplejson on the google appengine

    - by user266564
    Super nub question time! I am trying to use simplejson on the google appengine. In a terminal on my machine I have simplejson installed and working. But my when I try to import it in a script running on the appengine I get an error saying no such library exists. If open the interactive console on my machine (from the link on http://localhost:8080/_ah/admin) and type "import simplejson" I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/chris/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/admin/init.py", line 210, in post exec(compiled_code, globals()) File "", line 1, in ImportError: No module named simplejson Any thoughts?

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  • Eclipse+PyDev+GAE memcache error

    - by bocco
    I've started using Eclipe+PyDev as an environment for developing my first app for Google App Engine. Eclipse is configured according to this tutorial. Everything was working until I start to use memcache. PyDev reports the errors and I don't know how to fix it: Error: Undefined variable from import: get How to fix this? Sure, it is only PyDev checker problem. Code is correct and run on GAE. UPDATE: I'm using PyDev 1.5.0 but experienced the same with 1.4.8. My PYTHONPATH includes (set in Project Properties/PyDev - PYTHONPATH): C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\django C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\webob C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\lib\yaml\lib UPDATE 2: I took a look at C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\api\memcache\__init__.py and found get() is not declared as memcache module function. They use the following trick to do that (I didn't hear about such possibility): _CLIENT = None def setup_client(client_obj): """Sets the Client object instance to use for all module-level methods. Use this method if you want to have customer persistent_id() or persistent_load() functions associated with your client. Args: client_obj: Instance of the memcache.Client object. """ global _CLIENT var_dict = globals() _CLIENT = client_obj var_dict['set_servers'] = _CLIENT.set_servers var_dict['disconnect_all'] = _CLIENT.disconnect_all var_dict['forget_dead_hosts'] = _CLIENT.forget_dead_hosts var_dict['debuglog'] = _CLIENT.debuglog var_dict['get'] = _CLIENT.get var_dict['get_multi'] = _CLIENT.get_multi var_dict['set'] = _CLIENT.set var_dict['set_multi'] = _CLIENT.set_multi var_dict['add'] = _CLIENT.add var_dict['add_multi'] = _CLIENT.add_multi var_dict['replace'] = _CLIENT.replace var_dict['replace_multi'] = _CLIENT.replace_multi var_dict['delete'] = _CLIENT.delete var_dict['delete_multi'] = _CLIENT.delete_multi var_dict['incr'] = _CLIENT.incr var_dict['decr'] = _CLIENT.decr var_dict['flush_all'] = _CLIENT.flush_all var_dict['get_stats'] = _CLIENT.get_stats setup_client(Client()) Hmm... Any idea how to force PyDev to recognize that?

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  • Rewriting Live TCP Streams

    - by user213060
    I want to rewrite TCP/IP streams. Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of TCP/IP data based on fixed strings or regexes. Example: http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? Thanks!

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • Problem with eastern european characters when scraping data from the European Parliaments Website

    - by Thomas Jensen
    Dear Experts I am trying to scrape a lot of data from the European Parliament website for a research project. Ther first step is the create a list if all parliamentarians, however due to the many Eastern European names and the accents they use i get a lot of missing entries. Here is an example of what is giving me troubles (notice the accents at the end of the family name): ANDRIKIENE, Laima Liucija Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) So far I have been using PyParser and the following code: parser_names name = Word(alphanums + alphas8bit) begin, end = map(Suppress, "<") names = begin + ZeroOrMore(name) + "," + ZeroOrMore(name) + end for name in names.searchString(page): print(name) However this does not catch the name from the html above. Any advice in how to proceed? Best, Thomas

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  • Regex: Matching a space-joined list of words, excluding last whitespace

    - by Jesper
    How would I match a space separated list of words followed by whitespace and some optional numbers? I have this: >>> import re >>> m = re.match('(?P<words>(\w+\s+)+)(?P<num>\d+)?\r\n', 'Foo Bar 12345\r\n') >>> m.groupdict() {'num': '12345', 'words': 'Foo Bar '} I'd like the words group to not include the last whitespace(s) but I can't figure this one out. I could do a .strip() on the result but that's not as much fun :) Some strings to test and wanted result: 'Foo & Bar 555\r\n' => {'num': '555', 'words': 'Foo & Bar'} 'Hello World\r\n' => {'num': None, 'words': 'Hello World'} 'Spam 99\r\n' => {'num': 99, 'words': 'Spam'} 'Number 1 666\r\n' => {'num': 666, 'words': 'Number 1'}

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  • Group Chat XMPP with Google App Engine

    - by David Shellabarger
    Google App Engine has a great XMPP service built in. One of the few limitations it has is that it doesn't support receiving messages from a group chat. That's the one thing I want to do with it. :( Can I run a 3rd party XMPP/Jabber server on App Engine that supports group chat? If so, which one?

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  • Added tagging to existing model, now how does its admin work?

    - by Oli
    I wanted to add a StackOverflow-style tag input to a blog model of mine. This is a model that has a lot of data already in it. class BlogPost(models.Model): # my blog fields try: tagging.register(BlogPost) except tagging.AlreadyRegistered: pass I thought that was all I needed so I went through my old database of blog posts (this is a newly ported blog) and copied the tags in. It worked and I could display tags and filter by tag. However, I just wrote a new BlogPost and realise there's no tag field there. Reading the documentation (coincidentally, dry enough to be used as an antiperspirant), I found the TagField. Thinking this would just be a manager-style layer over the existing tagging register, I added it. It complained about there not being a Tag column. I'd rather not denormalise on tags just to satisfy create an interface for inputting them. Is there a TagManager class that I can just set on the model? tags = TagManager() # or somesuch

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