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  • Why Directly Accesing property is not recommended in OOPs PHP?

    - by Parth
    If I have a class "person" with a property $name and its getter(get_name()) and setter(set_name()) methods, then after instantiating the objects and setting the property i.e. $paddy = new person(); $paddy->set_name("Padyster Dave"); echo "Paddy's full name: ".$paddy->name; //WHY THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED... In the above code $paddy->name;WHY THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED?

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  • Java OO design confusion: how to handle actions modified by states modified by actions...

    - by Arvanem
    Hi folks, Given an entity, whose action is potentially modified by states (of the entity and other entities) in turn potentially modified by other actions (of the entity and other entities) , what is the best way to code or design to handle the potential existence of the modifiers? Speaking metaphorically, I am coding a Java application representing a piano. As you know a piano has keys (which, when pressed, emit sound) and pedals (which, when pressed, modify the keys' sounds). My base class structure is as follows: Entity (for keys and pedals) State (this holds each entity's states, e.g. name such as "soft pedal", and boolean "Pressed"), Action (this holds each entity's actions, e.g. play sound when pressed, or modify others sounds). By composition, the Entity class has a copy of each of State and Action inside it. e.g.: public class Entity { State entityState = new State(); Action entityAction = new Action(); Thus I have coded a "C-Sharp" key Entity. When I "press" that entity (set its "Pressed" state to true), its action plays a "C-Sharp" sound and then sets its "Pressed" state to false. At the same time, if the "C-Sharp" key entity is not "tuned", its sound deviates from "C-Sharp". Meanwhile I have coded a "soft pedal" Entity. When that entity is "pressed", no sound plays but its action is to make softer the sound of the "C-Sharp" and other key entities. I have also coded a "sustain pedal" Entity. When that entity is "pressed", no sound plays but its action is to enable reverberation of the sound of the "C-Sharp" and other key entities. Both the "soft" and "sustain pedals" can be pressed at the same time with the result that keys entities become both softened and reverberating. In short, I do not understand how to make this simultaneous series of states and actions modify each other in a sensible OO way. I am wary of coding a massive series of "if" statements or "switches". Thanks in advance for any help or links you can offer.

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  • Stuck on Object scope in Java

    - by ivor
    Hello, I'm working my way through an exercise to understand Java, and basically I need to merge the functionality of two classes into one app. I'm stuck on one area though - the referencing of objects across classes. What I have done is set up a gui in one class (test1), and this has a textfield in ie. chatLine = new JTextField(); in another class(test2), I was planning on leaving all the functionality in there and referencing the various gui elements set up in test1 - like this test1.chatLine I understand this level of referencing, I tested this by setting up a test method in the test2 class public static void testpass() { test1.testfield.setText("hello"); } I'm trying to understand how to implement the more complex functionality in test2 class though, specifically this existing code; test1.chatLine.addActionListener(new ActionAdapter() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String s = Game.chatLine.getText(); if (!s.equals("")) { appendToChatBox("OUTGOING: " + s + "\n"); Game.chatLine.selectAll(); // Send the string sendString(s); } } }); This is the bit I'm stuck on, if I should be able to do this - as it's failing on the compile, can I add the actionadapter stuff to the gui element thats sat in test1, but do this from test2 - I'm wondering if I'm trying to do something that's not possible. Hope this makes sense, I'm pretty confused over this - I'm trying to understand how the scope and referencing works. Ideally what i'm trying to achieve is one class that has all the main stuff in, the gui etc, then all the related functionality in the other class, and target the first class's gui elements with the results etc. Any thoughts greatly appreciated.

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  • When should I use static methods in a class and what are the benefits?

    - by NAVEED
    I have concept of static variables but what are the benefits of static methods in a class. I have worked on some projects but I did not make a method static. Whenever I need to call a method of a class, I create an object of that class and call the desired method. Static variable in a method holds it's value even when method is executed but accessible only in its containing method but what is the best definition of static method? Is calling the static method without creating object of that class is the only benefit of static method? What is the accessible range for static method? What is the syntax to create and calling static method in php? Thanks

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  • Setting javascript prototype function within object class declaration

    - by Tauren
    Normally, I've seen prototype functions declared outside the class definition, like this: function Container(param) { this.member = param; } Container.prototype.stamp = function (string) { return this.member + string; } var container1 = new Container('A'); alert(container1.member); alert(container1.stamp('X')); This code produces two alerts with the values "A" and "AX". I'd like to define the prototype function INSIDE of the class definition. Is there anything wrong with doing something like this? function Container(param) { this.member = param; if (!Container.prototype.stamp) { Container.prototype.stamp = function() { return this.member + string; } } } I was trying this so that I could access a private variable in the class. But I've discovered that if my prototype function references a private var, the value of the private var is always the value that was used when the prototype function was INITIALLY created, not the value in the object instance: Container = function(param) { this.member = param; var privateVar = param; if (!Container.prototype.stamp) { Container.prototype.stamp = function(string) { return privateVar + this.member + string; } } } var container1 = new Container('A'); var container2 = new Container('B'); alert(container1.stamp('X')); alert(container2.stamp('X')); This code produces two alerts with the values "AAX" and "ABX". I was hoping the output would be "AAX" and "BBX". I'm curious why this doesn't work, and if there is some other pattern that I could use instead.

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  • Which version of Grady Booch's OOA/D book should I buy?

    - by jackj
    Grady Booch's "Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications" is available brand new in both the 2nd edition (1993) and the 3rd edition (2007), while many used copies of both editions are available. Here are my concerns: 1) The 2nd edition uses C++: given that I just finished reading my first two C++ books (Accelerated C++ and C++ Primer) I guess practical tips can only help, so the 2nd edition is probably best (I think the 3rd edition has absolutely no code). On the other hand, the C++ books I read insist on the importance of using standard C++, whereas Booch's 2nd edition was published before the 1998 standard. 2) The 2nd edition is shorter (608 pages vs. 720) so, I guess, it will be slightly easier to get through. 3) The 3rd edition uses UML 2.0, whereas the 2nd edition is pre-UML. Some reviews say that the notation in the 2nd edition is close enough to UML, so it doesn't matter, but I don't know if I should be worrying about this or not. 4) The 2nd edition is available in good-shape used copies for considerably less than what the 3rd one goes for. Given all the above factors, do you think I should buy the 2nd or the 3rd edition? Recommendations on other books are also welcome but I would prefer it if whoever answers has read at least one of the versions of Booch's book (preferably both!). I have already bought but not read GoF and Riel's books. I also know that I should practice a lot with real-life code. Thanks.

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  • Accessing Members of Containing Objects from Contained Objects.

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    If I have several levels of object containment (one object defines and instantiates another object which define and instantiate another object..), is it possible to get access to upper, containing - object variables and functions, please? Example: class CObjectOne { public: CObjectOne::CObjectOne() { Create(); }; void Create(); std::vector<ObjectTwo>vObejctsTwo; int nVariableOne; } bool CObjectOne::Create() { CObjectTwo ObjectTwo(this); vObjectsTwo.push_back(ObjectTwo); } class CObjectTwo { public: CObjectTwo::CObjectTwo(CObjectOne* pObject) { pObjectOne = pObject; Create(); }; void Create(); CObjectOne* GetObjectOne(){return pObjectOne;}; std::vector<CObjectTrhee>vObjectsTrhee; CObjectOne* pObjectOne; int nVariableTwo; } bool CObjectTwo::Create() { CObjectThree ObjectThree(this); vObjectsThree.push_back(ObjectThree); } class CObjectThree { public: CObjectThree::CObjectThree(CObjectTwo* pObject) { pObjectTwo = pObject; Create(); }; void Create(); CObjectTwo* GetObjectTwo(){return pObjectTwo;}; std::vector<CObjectsFour>vObjectsFour; CObjectTwo* pObjectTwo; int nVariableThree; } bool CObjectThree::Create() { CObjectFour ObjectFour(this); vObjectsFour.push_back(ObjectFour); } main() { CObjectOne myObject1; } Say, that from within CObjectThree I need to access nVariableOne in CObjectOne. I would like to do it as follows: int nValue = vObjectThree[index].GetObjectTwo()->GetObjectOne()->nVariable1; However, after compiling and running my application, I get Memory Access Violation error. What is wrong with the code above(it is example, and might contain spelling mistakes)? Do I have to create the objects dynamically instead of statically? Is there any other way how to achieve variables stored in containing objects from withing contained objects?

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  • How to call the __del__ method?

    - by Verrtex
    I am reading a code. There is a class in which __del__ method is defined. I figured out that this method is used to destroy an instance of the class. However, I cannot find a place where this method is used. The main reason for that is that I do not know how this method is used, probably not like that: obj1.del(). So, my questions is how to call the __del__ method? Thank you for any help.

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  • Where should I put contextual data related to an Object that is not really a property of the object?

    - by RenderIn
    I have a Car class. It has three properties: id, color and model. In a particular query I want to return all the cars and their properties, and I also want to return a true/false field called "searcherKnowsOwner" which is a field I calculate in my database query based on whether or not the individual conducting the search knows the owner. I have a database function that takes the ID of the searcher and the ID of the car and returns a boolean. My car class looks like this (pseudocode): class Car{ int id; Color color; Model model; } I have a screen where I want to display all the cars, but I also want to display a flag next to each car if the person viewing the page knows the owner of that car. Should I add a field to the Car class, a boolean searcherKnowsOwner? It's not a property of the car, but is actually a property of the user conducting the search. But this seems like the most efficient place to put this information.

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  • Overriding an abstract method of base class

    - by jess
    Hi, I have an abstract class with some methods,including an abstract method(Execute()).This method is overridden in child class.Now, an event is raised(somewhere in application),and for this event there is a handler in base class.And,in this handler,I call Execute. Now, the method of chilobject is executed.I am bit confused,how this works under the hood?

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  • wrapping aspx user controls commands in a transaction

    - by Hans Gruber
    I'm working on heavily dynamic and configurable CMS system. Therefore, many pages are composed of a dynamically loaded set of user controls. To enable loose coupling between containers (pages) and children (user controls), all user controls are responsible for their own persistence. Each User Control is wired up to its data/service layer dependencies via IoC. They also implement an IPersistable interface, which allows the container .aspx page to issue a Save command to its children without knowledge of the number or exact nature of these user controls. Note: what follows is only pseudo-code: public class MyUserControl : IPersistable, IValidatable { public void Save() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public bool IsValid() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public partial class MyPage { public void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach (IValidatable control in Controls) { if (!control.IsValid) { throw new Exception("error"); } } foreach (IPersistable control in Controls) { if (!control.Save) { throw new Exception("error"); } } } } I'm thinking of using declarative transactions from the System.EnterpriseService namespace to wrap the btnSave_Click in a transaction in case of an exception, but I'm not sure how this might be achieved or any pitfalls to such an approach.

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  • problem in fetching data from several tables in one query

    - by Mac Taylor
    hey guys in an attempt to union my querries into one query to database , now im in need of geting username of first poster and last poster of a topic in my forums here is my code to do as i told :: $result = $db->sql_query("SELECT t.*,p.*,u.* SUM(t.topic_approved='1') AS Amount_Of_Topics, SUM(p.post_approved ='1') AS Amount_Of_Posts FROM bb3topics t, bb3posts p, bb3users u GROUP BY t.topic_last_post_id ORDER BY t.topic_last_post_id DESC LIMIT 10 " ); while( $row = $db->sql_fetchrow($result) ) { $Amount_Of_Topics = $row['Amount_Of_Topics']; $Amount_Of_Posts = $row['Amount_Of_Posts']; $Amount_Of_Topic_Replies = $Amount_Of_Topic_Replies + $row['topic_replies']; $Amount_Of_Topic_Views = $Amount_Of_Topic_Views + $row['topic_views']; $topic_id = $row['topic_id']; $forum_id = $row['forum_id']; $topic_last_post_id = $row['topic_last_post_id']; $topic_title = $row['topic_title']; $topic_poster = $row['topic_poster']; $topic_views = $row['topic_views']; $topic_replies = $row['topic_replies']; $topic_moved_id = $row['topic_moved_id']; $topic_time = $row['topic_time']; $result2 = $db->sql_query( "SELECT topic_id, poster_id, post_time FROM bb3posts where post_id = '$topic_last_post_id'" ); list( $topic_id, $poster_id, $post_time ) = $db->sql_fetchrow( $result2 ); $result3 = $db->sql_query( "SELECT username, user_id FROM bb3users where user_id='$poster_id'" ); list( $uname, $uid ) = $db->sql_fetchrow( $result3 ); $LastPoster = "$uname"; $result4 = $db->sql_query( "SELECT username, user_id FROM bb3users where user_id='$topic_poster'" ); list( $uname, $uid ) = $db->sql_fetchrow( $result4 ); $OrigPoster = "$uname"; now i need to query all this together not in separated ones i tried using left join but didn't worked what mysql conjunction should i use ?!

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  • OO vs Simplicity when it comes to user interaction

    - by Oetzi
    Firstly, sorry if this question is rather vague but it's something I'd really like an answer to. As a project over summer while I have some downtime from Uni I am going to build a monopoly game. This question is more about the general idea of the problem however, rather than the specific task I'm trying to carry out. I decided to build this with a bottom up approach, creating just movement around a forty space board and then moving on to interaction with spaces. I realised that I was quite unsure of the best way of proceeding with this and I am torn between two design ideas: Giving every space its own object, all sub-classes of a Space object so the interaction can be defined by the space object itself. I could do this by implementing different land() methods for each type of space. Only giving the Properties and Utilities (as each property has unique features) objects and creating methods for dealing with the buying/renting etc in the main class of the program (or Board as I'm calling it). Spaces like go and super tax could be implemented by a small set of conditionals checking to see if player is on a special space. Option 1 is obviously the OO (and I feel the correct) way of doing things but I'd like to only have to handle user interaction from the programs main class. In other words, I don't want the space objects to be interacting with the player. Why? Errr. A lot of the coding I've done thus far has had this simplicity but I'm not sure if this is a pipe dream or not for larger projects. Should I really be handling user interaction in an entirely separate class? As you can see I am quite confused about this situation. Is there some way round this? And, does anyone have any advice on practical OO design that could help in general?

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  • Use string value to create new instance

    - by Brian David Berman
    I have a few classes: SomeClass1, SomeClass2. How can I create a new instance of one of these classes by using the class name from a string? Normally, I would do: var someClass1 = new SomeClass1(); How can I create this instance from the following: var className = "SomeClass1"; I am assuming I should use Type.GetType() or something but I can't figure it out. Thanks.

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  • Updating Data through Objects

    - by Chacha102
    So, lets say I have a record: $record = new Record(); and lets say I assign some data to that record: $record->setName("SomeBobJoePerson"); How do I get that into the database. Do I..... A) Have the module do it. class Record{ public function __construct(DatabaseConnection $database) { $this->database = $database; } public function setName($name) { $this->database->query("query stuff here"); $this->name = $name; } } B) Run through the modules at the end of the script class Record{ private $changed = false; public function __construct(array $data=array()) { $this->data = $data; } public function setName($name) { $this->data['name'] = $name; $this->changed = true; } public function isChanged() { return $this->changed; } public function toArray() { return $this->array; } } class Updater { public function update(array $records) { foreach($records as $record) { if($record->isChanged()) { $this->updateRecord($record->toArray()); } } } public function updateRecord(){ // updates stuff } }

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  • Get list of Class names in package

    - by TandemAdam
    Is there any way I can get a list of all the classes in a particular package? I know getDefinitionByName, getQualifiedClassName, and getQualifiedSuperclassName in flash.utils can find me a class, but I can't find anyway to find all the classes in a package at runtime.

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  • Suggest the way to design several classes

    - by Oleg Tarasenko
    Hi, I'm building simple application on as3. Kind of starship game. What I want to do is to create several different star ships. Each one should have different images (different look), different sets of animation (e.g. when it's flying, burning, damaged), different kind of weapon and also different controllers (e.g. one can be managed by user, another one by computer, and I want to be able to reuse same ships for AI controller as well as for users controls). Each ship is created in the following way: Create entity Add spatial Add renderers Add other components.... ...... n. init the ship So what I am trying to do: 1) Create StarShip superclass, to store HP (as every ship has it), store spatial (same reason) 2) Create inherited class for any other ship... (It will contain renderer - (responsible for display part), weapon, set of animations), etc What do you think about such way of composition? Maybe it's better to place everything in super class, and then just create instances using long, long, long constructors like: StarShip(hp:HP, animations:DICT, weapon:Weapon, ....) Need advice

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  • Auto-implemented getters and setters vs. public fields

    - by tclem
    I see a lot of example code for C# classes that does this: public class Point { public int x { get; set; } public int y { get; set; } } Or, in older code, the same with an explicit private backing value and without the new auto-implemented properties: public class Point { private int _x; private int _y; public int x { get { return _x; } set { _x = value; } } public int y { get { return _y; } set { _y = value; } } } My question is why. Is there any functional difference between doing the above and just making these members public fields, like below? public class Point { public int x; public int y; } To be clear, I understand the value of getters and setters when you need to do some translation of the underlying data. But in cases where you're just passing the values through, it seems needlessly verbose.

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