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• HMVC or PAC - how to handle shared abstractions/models?

  - by fig-gnuton

  In HMVC/PAC, what's the recommended way to code if two or more triads/agents share a common model/abstraction? Do you instantiate a new instance of that model wherever needed, and propogate a change in one to all the other instances via the controllers? Or do instantiate one model at some common upper level, and inject that instance wherever needed? (Or neither if I'm missing something fundamental about these patterns?)

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• Python: Why Does a Method Behave Differently with an Added Parameter?

  - by SteveStifler

  I have a method in a Pygame Sprite subclass, defined as such: def walk(self): """move across screen""" displacement = self.rect.move((self.move, 0)) if self.rect.left < self.area.left or self.rect.right > self.area.right: self.move = -self.move displacement = self.rect.move((self.move, 0)) self.rect = displacement I modified it, adding a parameter speed_x, and now the program is broken. def walk(self, speed_x): """move across screen""" displacement = self.rect.move((speed_x, 0)) if self.rect.left < self.area.left or self.rect.right > self.area.right: speed_x = -speed_x displacement = self.rect.move((speed_x, 0)) self.rect = displacement Before I called the method like this: def update(self): self.walk() Now I do: def update(self): self.walk(self.move) Why doesn't this work?

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• Super class reference to a sub class object ?

  - by JavaUser

  Give me a situation where we need to use the super class reference to a subclass object in Java.Please give me a real time example. Thx

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• Object-oriented GUI development in python

  - by ptabatt

  Hey guys, new programmer here. I have an assignment for class and I'm stuck... What I need to do is a create a GUI that gives someone a basic arithmetic problem in one box, asks the person to answer it, evaluates it, and tells you if you're right or wrong... Basically, what I have is this: [code] class Lesson(Frame): def init (self, parent=None): Frame.init(self, parent) self.pack() Lesson.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): Label(self, text="").pack(side=TOP) ent = Entry(self) self.a = randrange(1,10) self.b = randrange(1,10) self.expr = choice(["+","-"]) ent.insert(END, str(self.a) + str(self.expr) + str(self.a)) [/code] I've broken this down into many little steps and basically, what I'm trying to do right now is insert a default random expression into the first entry widget. When I run this code, I just get a blank Label. Why is that? How can I put a something like "7+7" into the box? If you absolutely need background to the problem, it's question #3 on this link. http://reed.cs.depaul.edu/lperkovic/csc242/homeworks/Homework8.html -Thanks for all help in advance.

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• How to make some functions of a class as private for third level of inheritance.

  - by Shantanu Gupta

  I have created a class say A which has some functions defined as protected. Now Class B inherits A and class C inherits B. Class A has private default constructor and protected parameterized constructor. I want Class B to be able to access all the protected functions defined in Class A but class C can have access on some of the functions only not all the functions and class C is inheriting class B. How can I restrict access to some of the functions of Class A from Class C ? Class A { private A(){} protected A(int ){} protected calc(){} protected allow(){} } Class B : A {} // calc() and allow() should be accessible here CLass C:B { // calc() should not be accessible here but allow() should be accessible here. }

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• Lightweight PHP library alternative to common MVC frameworks

  - by artarad

  Hi hi, I'm looking for a easy to learn php library to use for my coming web app project. I've recently finished a web app with fully handwritten raw php code and it's absolutely hard to be done again for another project. even though I have the recent project code snippets to be used again, but due to their non-structural arrangement (not object oriented), i have no passion to use 'em again. I have no experience with common frameworks like ZF, CakePhp, CodeIgniter, so I think to get my hands on a multipurpose OO library for my web app and the framework learning will be the next step! any suggestion? UPDATE: Many thanks guys, I have not enough time to get through the depth of every lib or framework you have kindly introduced. Since I'm going one step further I'm going to use ZF as famous framework which could provide me more job opportunities perhaps. thankssss :)

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• systematizing error codes for a web app in php?

  - by user151841

  I'm working on a class-based php web app. I have some places where objects are interacting, and I have certain situations where I'm using error codes to communicate to the end user -- typically when form values are missing or invalid. These are situations where exceptions are unwarranted ( and I'm not sure I could avoid the situations with exceptions anyways). In one object, I have some 20 code numbers, each of which correspond to a user-facing message, and a admin/developer-facing message, so both parties know what's going on. Now that I've worked over the code several times, I find that it's difficult to quickly figure out what code numbers in the series I've already used, so I accidentally create conflicting code numbers. For instance, I just did that today with 12, 13, 14 and 15. How can I better organize this so I don't create conflicting error codes? Should I create one singleton class, errorCodes, that has a master list of all error codes for all classes, systematizing them across the whole web app? Or should each object have its own set of error codes, when appropriate, and I just keep a list in the commentary of the object, to use and update that as I go along?

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• How to set default values to all wrong or null parameters of method?

  - by Roman

  At the moment I have this code (and I don't like it): private RenderedImage private RenderedImage getChartImage (GanttChartModel model, String title, Integer width, Integer height, String xAxisLabel, String yAxisLabel, Boolean showLegend) { if (title == null) { title = ""; } if (xAxisLabel == null) { xAxisLabel = ""; } if (yAxisLabel == null) { yAxisLabel = ""; } if (showLegend == null) { showLegend = true; } if (width == null) { width = DEFAULT_WIDTH; } if (height == null) { height = DEFAULT_HEIGHT; } ... } How can I improve it? I have some thoughts about introducing an object which will contain all these parameters as fields and then, maybe, it'll be possible to apply builder pattern. But still don't have clear vision how to implement that and I'm not sure that it's worth to be done. Any other ideas?

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• Is there a design pattern for injecting methods into a class?

  - by glenn I.

  I have a set of classes that work together (I'm coding in javascript). There is one parent class and a number of child classes that are instantiated by the parent class. I have a number of clients of these classes that each need to add on one more methods to the parent or child classes. Rather than having each client inherit from these classes, which is doable but messy because of the child classes, I am having these clients pass functions into the parent class when they instantiate the main class. The main class creates the methods dynamically and the clients can call the methods like they were there all along. My questions are: is this a sensible thing to do? what would the design pattern be for what I am doing?

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• PHP MVC: How to implement an effective Controller/View Association like ZendFramework guys do!

  - by Navi

  Hi, I am making my own PHP-MVC framework. i have a question regarding Controller and View Association. I love the way Zend framework uses view within Controller as follow: $this->view->data = 'Data here'; so it can be used in view as follow: echo $this->data; I am wondering how can i implement this association. I want to remove codes between /** **/ and want to replace with some magic functions. My codes for controller as as follow: class UserController extends Controller{ /************************************/ public function __construct(){ $this->view = new View(); $this->view->setLayout( 'home' ); } function __destruct(){ $this->view->render(); } /************************************/ public function index(){ $this->redirect('user/login'); } public function login(){ } public function register(){ } public function forgotPassword(){ } } Thanks and best regards, -Navi

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• PHP object class variable

  - by mck89

  I have built a class in PHP and I must declare a class variable as an object. Everytime I want to declare an empty object I use: $var=new stdClass; But if I use it to declare a class variable as class foo { var $bar=new stdClass; } a parse error occurs. Is there a way to do this or must I declare the class variable as an object in the constructor function? PS: I'm using PHP 4.

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• Overriding rubies spaceship operator <=>

  - by ericsteen1

  I am trying to override rubies <= (spaceship) operator to sort apples and oranges so that apples come first sorted by weight, and oranges second, sorted by sweetness. Like so: module Fruity attr_accessor :weight, :sweetness def <=>(other) # use Array#<=> to compare the attributes [self.weight, self.sweetness] <=> [other.weight, other.sweetness] end include Comparable end class Apple include Fruity def initialize(w) self.weight = w end end class Orange include Fruity def initialize(s) self.sweetness = s end end fruits = [Apple.new(2),Orange.new(4),Apple.new(6),Orange.new(9),Apple.new(1),Orange.new(22)] p fruits #should work? p fruits.sort But this does not work, can someone tell what I am doing wrong here, or a better way to do this?

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• Singletons and other design issues

  - by Ahmed Saleh

  I have worked using different languages like C++/Java and currently AS3. Most applications were computer vision, and small 2D computer games. Most companies that I have worked for, they use Singletons in a language like AS3, to retrieve elements or classes in an easy way. Their problem is basically they needs some variables or to call other functions from other classes. In a language like AS3, there is no private constructor, and they write a hacky code to prevent new instances. In Java and C++ I also faced the situation that I need to use other classe's members or to call their functions in different classes. The question is, is there a better or another design, to let other classes interact with each others without using singletons? I feel that composition is the answer, but I need more detailed solutions or design suggestions.

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• What are the advantages of learning Go?

  - by Pangea

  What is so unique about Go? Over the 11 years of my career I've learnt Pascal, C, C++, COBOL and then Java. I always felt that going from C to C++ to Java was a incremental and value added progression. Now I see a proliferation of functional programming languages and I understand the benefit of learning few of them (like actors in scala etc). Now I was going through the Go programming language and was wondering why would I want to learn this? Is this going to simplify how I have been writing the code? What are its use cases? How can I make a case to promote it in my team? What is the next programming language that a Java team that builds business applications like us can benefit from? Appreciate your comments on this.

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• List<> of objects, different types, sort and pull out types individually?

  - by Brazos

  I've got a handful of products, any, all, or none of which may be associated with a specific submission. All 7 products are subclasses of the class Product. I need to store all the products associated with a submission, and then retrieve them and their field data on my presentation layer. I've been using a List, and List, but when I use the OfType, I throw an error saying that I can't implicitly convert systems.generic.IEnumerable to type 'Product'. I've tried to cast, but to no avail. When I use prodlist.OfType<EPL>(); there are no errors, but when I try and store that in an instance of EPL "tempEpl", I get the aforementioned cast-related error. What gives? Code below. ProductService pserv = new ProductService(); IList<object> prodlist = pserv.getProductById(x); EPL tempEpl = new EPL(); if ((prodlist.OfType<EPL>()) != null) { tempEpl = prodlist.OfType<EPL>(); // this throws a conversion error. } the Data layer List<object> TempProdList = new List<object>(); conn.Open(); SqlCommand EplCmd = new SqlCommand(EPLQuery, conn); SqlDataReader EplRead = null; EplRead = EplCmd.ExecuteReader(); EPL TempEpl = new EPL(); if (EplRead.Read()) { TempEpl.Entity1 = EplRead.GetString(0); TempEpl.Employees1 = EplRead.GetInt32(1); TempEpl.CA1 = EplRead.GetInt32(2); TempEpl.MI1 = EplRead.GetInt32(3); TempEpl.NY1 = EplRead.GetInt32(4); TempEpl.NJ1 = EplRead.GetInt32(5); TempEpl.PrimEx1 = EplRead.GetInt32(6); TempEpl.EplLim1 = EplRead.GetInt32(7); TempEpl.EplSir1 = EplRead.GetInt32(8); TempEpl.Premium1 = EplRead.GetInt32(9); TempEpl.Wage1 = EplRead.GetInt32(10); TempEpl.Sublim1 = EplRead.GetInt32(11); TempProdList.Add(TempEpl); }

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• Would you rather use a Singleton or dispatch another class' event through a Chain of Responsibility?

  - by Pup

  In general, what would make your program more maintainable? I know a lot of folks that make heavy use of Singletons, but that seems like a cop-out, which creates a kind of global junk drawer organization.

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• How can I handle multiple views of a data object? Which design pattern is acceptable?

  - by tranquil.byte

  I have a person object. class Person { private $name; ... } I need to be able to change how they are displayed on the front-end ( visitors have control ). They can choose list view, grid view, photo view for example. class PersonDisplay { public function displayList() { // Query database // Output html to display in list mode } public function displayPhoto() { // Query database // Output html to display in photo mode } } Is this an acceptable way to handle the presentation of the items on the front-end or is there a specific design pattern I should be researching to help me with this task? Does anyone have any suggestions or ideas where this could go wrong or if this could potentially make maintenance a nightmare? The Person object was just an example very similiar to what I am using.

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• How do I create a class repository in Java and do I really need it?

  - by Roman

  I have a large number of objects which are identified by names (strings). So, I would like to have a kind of mapping from object name to the class instances. I was told that in this situation I can use a "repository" class which works like that: Server myServer = ServerRepository.getServer("NameOfServer"); So, if there is already an object (sever) with the "NameOfServer" it will be returned by the "getServer". If such an object does not exist yet, it will be created and returned by the "getServer". So, my question is how to program such a "repository" class? In this class I have to be able to check if there is an instance of a given class such that it has a given value of a given field. How can I do it? I need to have a kind of loop over all existing object of a given class? Another part of my question is why I cannot use associative arrays (associative container, map, mapping, dictionary, finite map)? (I am not sure how do you call it in Java) In more details, I have an "array" which maps names of objects to objects. So, whenever I create a new object, I add a new element to the array: myArray["NameOfServer"] = new Server("NameOfServer").

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• How to work with PHP abstract?

  - by YumYumYum

  Why would you use such abstract? Does it speed up work or what exactly its for? // file1.php abstract class Search_Adapter_Abstract { private $ch = null; abstract private function __construct() { } abstract public funciton __destruct() { curl_close($this->ch); } abstract public function search($searchString,$offset,$count); } // file2.php include("file1.php"); class abc extends Search_Adapter_Abstract { // Will the curl_close now automatically be closed? } What is the reason of extending abstract here? Makes me confused. What can i get from it now?

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• How should I pass the translated text to my object in my multilingual application?

  - by boatingcow

  Up until now, I have maintained a 'dictionary' table in my database, for example: +-----------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------+ | phrase | en | fr | etc... | +-----------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------+ | generated | Generated in %1$01.2f seconds at %2$s | Créée en %1$01.2f secondes à %2$s aujourd'hui | ... | | submit | Submit... | Envoyer... | ... | +-----------+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------+ I'll then select all rows from the database for the column that matches the locale we're interested in (or read the cache from a file to speed db lookup) and dump the dictionary into an array called $lng. Then I'll have HTML helper objects like this in my view: $html->input(array('type' => 'submit', 'value' => $lng['submit'], etc...)); ... $html->div(array('value' => sprintf($lng['generated'], $generated, date('H:i')), etc...)); The translations can appear in PDF, XLS and AJAX responses too. The problem with my approach so far is that I now have loads of global $lng; in every class where there is a function that spits out UI code.. How do other people get the translation into the object? Is it one scenario where globals aren't actually that bad? Would it be madness to create a class with accessors when the dictionary terms are all static?

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• What is Composition & inheritance

  - by Amit

  What is Composition & inheritance and when to use either of two ? pls provide simple example...

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• Static vs Non Static constructors

  - by Neil N

  I can't think of any reasons why one is better than the other. Compare these two implementations: public class MyClass { public myClass(string fileName) { // some code... } } as opposed to: public class MyClass { private myClass(){} public static Create(string fileName) { // some code... } } There are some places in the .Net framework that use the static method to create instances. At first I was thinking, it registers it's instances to keep track of them, but regular constructors could do the same thing through the use of private static variables. What is the reasoning behind this style?

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• Why is there no parameter contra-variance for overriding?

  - by Oak

  C++ and Java support return-type covariance when overriding methods. Neither, however, support contra-variance in parameter types - instead, it translates to overloading (Java) or hiding (C++). Why is that? It seems to me that there is no harm in allowing that. I can find one reason for it in Java - since it has the "choose-the-most-specific-version" mechanism for overloading anyway - but can't think of any reason for C++. Example (Java): class A { public void f(String s) {...} } class B extends A { public void f(Object o) {...} // Why doesn't this override A.f? }

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• Why is my class method not visible when I implement an interface in my class?

  - by Phsika

  i can not see MyLoad.TreeLoader(.... but why i can not see? i implemented iloader to TreeViewLoad. i should see TreeLoader why? namespace Rekursive { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { //treeView1.Nodes.Add("Test"); iloader MyLoad = new TreeViewLoad(); MyLoad.loader("test", treeView1, 1); // i can not see MyLoad.TreeLoader(.... but why i can not see? // i implemented iloader to TreeViewLoad. i should see TreeLoader why? //TreeViewLoad myloader = new TreeViewLoad(); } } interface iloader { void loader(string nodeName, TreeView myTre, int id); } class TreeViewLoad : iloader { public void TreeLoader(TreeView tre) { // i will call loader... } public void loader(string nodeName, TreeView myTre, int id) { myTre.Nodes.Add(nodeName + id.ToString()); if (id

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• Method Overloading for NULL parameter

  - by Phani

  I have added three methods with parameters: public static void doSomething(Object obj) { System.out.println("Object called"); } public static void doSomething(char[] obj) { System.out.println("Array called"); } public static void doSomething(Integer obj) { System.out.println("Array called"); } When I am calling doSomething(null) , then compiler throws error as ambiguous methods. So Is the issue because Integer and char[] methods or Integer and Object methods?

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