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  • How to build a self-sufficient gcc/glibc/binutils set in a non-standard path?

    - by netvope
    Suppose a set of custom-built gcc/glibc/binutils are in $prefix (e.g. /home/user/path) I want: gcc to look for libraries in $prefix/lib64 instead of /lib64 gcc to look for headers in $prefix/include instead of /include to use $prefix/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 as the (hard-coded) loader path instead of /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 the dynamic loader to look for shared libraries in $prefix/lib64 instead of /lib64 How should I configure the builds? Do I need to modify gcc's specs file or do anything else?

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  • Under what conditions will sendmail try to immediately resend a message instead of waiting for the standard requeue interval?

    - by Mike B
    CentOS 5.8 | Sendmail 8.14.4 I used to think that if SendMail experienced a temporary (400-class) error during delivery, it would place the message in a deferred queue (e.g. /var/spool/mqueue) and retry an hour later. For the most part, that appears to be the case. But every now and then, I'll notice log entries like this (email/domains renamed to protect the innocent :-) ) : Dec 5 01:43:03 foobox-out sendmail [11078]: qBE3l7js123022: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=124588, relay=exbox.foo.com. [10.10.10.10], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: 421 4.3.2 The maximum number of concurrent connections has exceeded a limit, closing transmission channel Dec 5 01:53:34 foobox-out sendmail [12763]: qBE3l7js123022: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:10:31, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=214588, relay=exbox.foo.com., dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: 452 4.3.1 Insufficient system resources Dec 5 02:53:35 foobox-out sendmail [23255]: qBE3l7js123022: to=<[email protected]>, delay=01:10:32, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=relay, pri=304588, relay=exbox.foo.com. [10.10.10.10], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (<[email protected]> Queued mail for delivery) Why did Sendmail try again just 10 minutes after the first attempt and then wait another hour before trying again? If this is expected behavior, what scenarios will cause this faster requeue interval to occur?

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  • Standard for feeding test data to a Nagios plugin?

    - by chiborg
    I'm developing a Nagios plugin in Perl (no Nagios::Plugin, just plain Perl). The error condition I'm checking for normally comes from a command output, called inside the plugin. However, it would be very inconvenient to create the error condition, so I'm looking for a way to feed test output to the plugin to see if it works correctly. The easiest way I found at the moment would be with a command line option to optionally read input from a file instead of calling the command. if($opt_f) { open(FILE, $opt_f); @output = <FILE>; close FILE; } else { @output = `my_command`; } Are there other, better ways to do this?

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  • Why standard, virtual host Drupal 7 config causes 403 (Forbidden) in Apache2?

    - by drupality
    Virtual host declaration causing the problem (source): <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin admin@d7 DocumentRoot /vagrant/d7 ServerName www.d7.local ServerAlias d7.local RewriteEngine On RewriteOptions inherit <Directory /vagrant/d7> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory /vagrant> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> error logs: [Mon Nov 04 12:23:11.947082 2013] [authz_core:error] [pid 2471] [client 10.0.2.2:58238] AH01630: client denied by server configuration: /vagrant/d7/ I have no idea why this isn't work... With above rule I have forbidden on drupal site and apache welcome page too (index.html) ls -ld /vagrant/d7 command output: drwxrwxrwx 1 vagrant vagrant 8192 Nov 4 10:05 /vagrant/d7

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  • MIDI - Continous control of pitch outside the standard pitch bend range?

    - by user1423893
    After I send a note on message I can control the pitch of a note within a ±2 semitone range using the pitch bend channel command. How can I continuously update a pitch of a note outside of the normal pitch bend range without retriggering the note (i.e. sending another note on message with the new pitch?) In other words the current note is still sounding after a note on message and its envelope has not reached the end of its release stage. I would like to change the pitch outside the pitch bend range, preferably anywhere within the audible frequency range.

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  • Have You Considered Search Engine Training As a Career Option?

    The SEO industry is really pumping and is becoming a way of life for many small businesses as well as those seeking search engine training. This industry is no longer the nerd industry as SEO has exploded into the mainstream over the past few decades and all businesses now want to be visible online and they will pay hundreds of dollars for this privilege.

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  • google analytics statistics

    - by colmcq
    I am compiling a report for a client using google analytics. I have observed that the client has unusually good page view times (5 mins) and excellent bounce rates (<25%). I need to reference research data that validates my assertion that these figures are excellent compared to an industry standard (the industry is ecommerce and gaming). Can you direct me to any published research data that specifies normal bounce rates and page view times for this industry?

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  • What is a good standard exercise to learn the OO features of a language?

    - by FarmBoy
    When I'm learning a new language, I often program some mathematical functions to get used to the control flow syntax. After that, I like to implement some sorting algorithms to get used to the array/list constructs. But I don't have a standard exercise for exploring the languages OO features. Does anyone have a stock exercise for this? A good answer would naturally lend to inheritance, polymorphism, etc., for a programmer already comfortable with these concepts. An ideal answer would be one that could be communicated in a few words, without ambiguity, in the way that "implement mergesort" is completely unambiguous. (As an example, answering "design a game" is so vague as to be useless.) Any ideas? EDIT: I have to remark that the results here are somewhat ironic. 10 upvotes and (originally) 5 favorites suggest that this is a question others are interested in. Yet the most upvoted answer is one that says there is no good answer. Oh well. I think I'll look at the textbook below, I've found games useful in the past for OO.

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  • Is there a standard pattern for scanning a job table executing some actions?

    - by Howiecamp
    (I realize that my title is poor. If after reading the question you have an improvement in mind, please either edit it or tell me and I'll change it.) I have the relatively common scenario of a job table which has 1 row for some thing that needs to be done. For example, it could be a list of emails to be sent. The table looks something like this: ID Completed TimeCompleted anything else... ---- --------- ------------- ---------------- 1 No blabla 2 No blabla 3 Yes 01:04:22 ... I'm looking either for a standard practice/pattern (or code - C#/SQL Server preferred) for periodically "scanning" (I use the term "scanning" very loosely) this table, finding the not-completed items, doing the action and then marking them completed once done successfully. In addition to the basic process for accomplishing the above, I'm considering the following requirements: I'd like some means of "scaling linearly", e.g. running multiple "worker processes" simultaneously or threading or whatever. (Just a specific technical thought - I'm assuming that as a result of this requirement, I need some method of marking an item as "in progress" to avoid attempting the action multiple times.) Each item in the table should only be executed once. Some other thoughts: I'm not particularly concerned with the implementation being done in the database (e.g. in T-SQL or PL/SQL code) vs. some external program code (e.g. a standalone executable or some action triggered by a web page) which is executed against the database Whether the "doing the action" part is done synchronously or asynchronously is not something I'm considering as part of this question.

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  • How to scale JPEG images with a non-standard sampling factor in Java?

    - by HRJ
    I am using Java AWT for scaling a JPEG image, to create thumbnails. The code works fine when the image has a normal sampling factor ( 2x2,1x1,1x1 ) However, an image which has this sampling factor ( 1x1, 1x1, 1x1 ) creates problem when scaled. The colors get corrupted though the features are recognizable. The original and the thumbnail: The code I am using is roughly equivalent to: static BufferedImage awtScaleImage(BufferedImage image, int maxSize, int hint) { // We use AWT Image scaling because it has far superior quality // compared to JAI scaling. It also performs better (speed)! System.out.println("AWT Scaling image to: " + maxSize); int w = image.getWidth(); int h = image.getHeight(); float scaleFactor = 1.0f; if (w > h) scaleFactor = ((float) maxSize / (float) w); else scaleFactor = ((float) maxSize / (float) h); w = (int)(w * scaleFactor); h = (int)(h * scaleFactor); // since this code can run both headless and in a graphics context // we will just create a standard rgb image here and take the // performance hit in a non-compatible image format if any Image i = image.getScaledInstance(w, h, hint); image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(i, null, null); g.dispose(); i.flush(); return image; } (Code courtesy of this page ) Is there a better way to do this? Here's a test image with sampling factor of [ 1x1, 1x1, 1x1 ].

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  • c# Sending emails with authentication. standard approach not working

    - by Ready Cent
    I am trying to send an email using the following very standard code. However, I get the error that follow... MailMessage message = new MailMessage(); message.Sender = new MailAddress("[email protected]"); message.To.Add("[email protected]"); message.Subject = "test subject"; message.Body = "test body"; SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(); client.Host = "mail.myhost.com"; //client.Port = 587; NetworkCredential cred = new NetworkCredential(); cred.UserName = "[email protected]"; cred.Password = "correct password"; cred.Domain = "mail.myhost.com"; client.Credentials = cred; client.UseDefaultCredentials = false; client.Send(message); Mailbox unavailable. The server response was: No such user here. This recipient email address definitely works. To make this account work I had to do some special steps in outlook. Specifically, I had to do change account settings - more settings - outgoing server - my outgoing server requires authentication & use same settings. I am wondering if there is some other strategy. I think the key here is that my host is Server Intellect and I know that some people on here use them so hopefully someone else has been able to get through this. I did talk to support but they said with coding issues I am on my own :o

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  • How do I redirect standard output to a file in Perl? [closed]

    - by rockyurock
    I want to send standard output to the file "my_output.txt" but failed. Here's the output: inside value loop ------------------------------------------------------------ Server listening on UDP port 5001 Receiving 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 108 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.16.2 port 5001 connected with 192.168.16.1 port 3189 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams [ 3] 0.0- 5.0 sec 2.14 MBytes 3.61 Mbits/sec 0.369 ms 0/ 1528 (0%) inside value loop3 clue1 clue2 inside value loop4 one iperf completed *************************************** When I enable the local *STDOUT; in below code then I could see the above output on command prompt display (ofcourse server is sending some data): my $file = 'my_output.txt'; use Win32::Process; print"inside value loop\n"; # redirect stdout to a file #local *STDOUT; open STDOUT, '>', $file or die "can't redirect STDOUT to <$file> $!"; Win32::Process::Create(my $ProcessObj, "D:\\IOT_AUTOMATION_UTILITY\\_SATURDAY_09-04-10\\adb_cmd.bat", "adb shell /data/app/iperf -u -s -p 5001", 0, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, ".") || die ErrorReport(); #$alarm_time = $IPERF_RUN_TIME+10; #20sec #$ProcessObj->Wait(40); #print"inside value loop2\n"; #sleep $alarm_time; sleep 40; $ProcessObj->Kill(0); sub ErrorReport{ print Win32::FormatMessage( Win32::GetLastError() ); }

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  • What is the standard way to bundle OSGi dependent libraries?

    - by Chris
    Hi, I have a project that references a number of open source libraries, some new, some not so new. That said, they are all stable and I wish to stick with my chosen versions until I have time to migrate to the newer versions (I tested hsqldb 2.0 yesterday and it contains many api changes). One of the libraries I have wish to embed is Jasper Reports, but as you all surely know, it comes with a mountain of supporting jar files and I have only need a subset of the mountain (known) therefore I am planning to custom bundle all of my dependant libraries. So: Does everyone custom-make their own OSGi bundles for open-source libraries they are using or is there a master source of OSGi versions of common libraries? Also, I was thinking that it would be far simpler for each of my bundles simply to embed their dependent jars within the bundle itself. Is this possible? If I choose to embed the 3rd party foc libraries within a bundle, I assume I will need to produce 2 jar files, one without the embedded libraries (for libraries to be loaded via the classpath via standard classloader), and one osgi version that includes the embedded libraryy, therefore should I choose a bundle name like this <<myprojectname>>-<<subproject>>-osgi-.1.0.0.jar ? If I cannot embed the open source libraries and choose to custom bundle the open source libraries (via bnd), should I choose a unique bundle name to avoid conflict with a possible official bundle? e.g. <<myprojectname>>-<<3rdpartylibname>>-<<3rdpartylibversion>>.jar ? My non-OSGi enabled project currently scans for custom plugins via scanning the META-INF folders in my various plugin jars via Service.providers(...). If I go OSGi, will this mechanism still work?

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  • Which C++ Standard Library wrapper functions do you use?

    - by Neil Butterworth
    This question, asked this morning, made me wonder which features you think are missing from the C++ Standard Library, and how you have gone about filling the gaps with wrapper functions. For example, my own utility library has this function for vector append: template <class T> std::vector<T> & operator += ( std::vector<T> & v1, const std::vector <T> & v2 ) { v1.insert( v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end() ); return v1; } and this one for clearing (more or less) any type - particularly useful for things like std::stack: template <class C> void Clear( C & c ) { c = C(); } I have a few more, but I'm interested in which ones you use? Please limit answers to wrapper functions - i.e. no more than a couple of lines of code.

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  • How many hours a day (of the standard 8) do you actually work? [closed]

    - by someone
    Possible Duplicate: How much do you [really] work a day When I started working (not so long ago), I was very conscientious about really working. If I didn't work for 10 minutes at a time, I felt like I was cheating. But as I started to look around me, I realized that I was the only one... and most of my coworkers were spending a big percentage of their time browsing the internet or playing solitaire. I started to slack off a little more than usual... while still basically getting all my work done. But while I do all that's required of me, and usually quickly, I no longer beg for work to fill up my spare time; I'm content to do what I'm told and play around when no one makes sure I'm busy enough. Which means that I'm often bored and underutilized. (Which I was even when I begged for work - people are pretty laid back about the workload and don't seem to realize how much I can get done if pushed to the fullest.) But I was just talking to a friend who graduated with me and also recently started working... and she came to me with the same concerns about slacking. She's working remotely, which means there are often gaps in communication when she can't really get anything done... And she's feeling guilty about it. Which made me rethink the whole thing... So, as workers, how many hours, out of the 8 standard average, are you actually working (honestly)? And, as bosses, how many hours do you expect your workers to work? And from an ethical standpoint, how much free time, or space out time, can workers have during the day without being considered to be "cheating" their office of labor and money?

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  • Is there a standard format string in ASP.NET to convert 1/2/3/... to 1st/2nd/3rd...?

    - by Dr. Monkey
    I have an integer in an Access database, which is being displayed in ASP.NET. The integer represents the position achieved by a competitor in a sporting event (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.), and I'd like to display it with a standard suffix like 'st', 'nd', 'rd' as appropriate, rather than just a naked number. An important limitation is that this is for an assignment which specifies that no VB or C# code be written (in fact it instructs code behind files to be deleted entirely). Ideally I'd like to use a standard format string if available, otherwise perhaps a custom string (I haven't worked with format strings much, and this isn't high enough priority to dedicate significant time to*, but I am very curious about whether there's a standard string for this). (* The assignment is due tonight, and I've learned the hard way that I can't afford to spend time on things that don't get the marks, even if they irk me significantly.)

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  • Is there a standard way to encode a .NET string into javascript string for use in MS AJAX?

    - by Rich Andrews
    I'm trying to pass the output of a SQL Server exception to the client using the RegisterStartUpScript method of the MS ScriptManager. This works fine for some errors but when the exception contains single quotes the alert fails. I dont want to only escape single quotes though - Is there a standard function i can call to escape any special chars for use in Javascript? string scriptstring = "alert('" + ex.Message + "');"; ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(this, this.GetType(), "Alert", scriptstring , true); Thanks tpeczek, the code almost worked for me :) but with a slight amendment (the escaping of single quotes) it works a treat. I've included my amended version here... public class JSEncode { /// <summary> /// Encodes a string to be represented as a string literal. The format /// is essentially a JSON string. /// /// The string returned includes outer quotes /// Example Output: "Hello \"Rick\"!\r\nRock on" /// </summary> /// <param name="s"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string EncodeJsString(string s) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append("\""); foreach (char c in s) { switch (c) { case '\'': sb.Append("\\\'"); break; case '\"': sb.Append("\\\""); break; case '\\': sb.Append("\\\\"); break; case '\b': sb.Append("\\b"); break; case '\f': sb.Append("\\f"); break; case '\n': sb.Append("\\n"); break; case '\r': sb.Append("\\r"); break; case '\t': sb.Append("\\t"); break; default: int i = (int)c; if (i < 32 || i > 127) { sb.AppendFormat("\\u{0:X04}", i); } else { sb.Append(c); } break; } } sb.Append("\""); return sb.ToString(); } } As mentioned below - original source: here

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  • Scroll event of jquery is not working in IE 7 with IE 7 standard but works in IE8,9

    - by SidP
    I have an example below which has a terms div which has some terms and conditions as content. When the user scroll the div to bottom, then the checkbox is enabled. This is only not working only in IE 7 with IE 7/8/9 standards (I am changing the standard options from Developer window). Following is my html, css and js: <body> <div id="terms">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer lacinia dui vel velit bibendum cursus. Nunc eget lacus vitae nulla euismod elementum ornare ac urna. Nam enim est, bibendum eu ultricies eu, mollis vitae lacus. Duis porta vulputate feugiat. Nullam eu iaculis lacus. Aliquam adipiscing posuere consequat. Donec et dui non massa congue eleifend. Nunc tortor diam, luctus eget mollis sit amet, posuere nec lectus. Morbi sit amet ultricies nisi. Nam sodales quam non mi tristique sollicitudin. Vestibulum vel augue eget mi tincidunt commodo. Sed egestas metus nibh, et vestibulum augue. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer lacinia dui vel velit bibendum cursus. Nunc eget lacus vitae nulla euismod elementum ornare ac urna. Nam enim est, bibendum eu ultricies eu, mollis vitae lacus. Duis porta vulputate feugiat. Nullam eu iaculis lacus. Aliquam adipiscing posuere consequat. Donec et dui non massa congue eleifend. Nunc tortor diam, luctus eget mollis sit amet, posuere nec lectus. Morbi sit amet ultricies nisi. Nam sodales quam non mi tristique sollicitudin. Vestibulum vel augue eget mi tincidunt commodo. Sed egestas metus nibh, et vestibulum augue. </div> <input type="checkbox" name="cb1" id="cb1" disabled="true" /> </body> CSS: <style type="text/css"> #terms { height: 100px; overflow: auto; } body{ width:960px; margin: 0 auto; } </style> JS: <script src="jquery-1.8.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ $(window).load(function(){ $('#terms').scroll(function() { if ($(this)[0].scrollHeight - $(this).scrollTop() == $(this).outerHeight()) { $("#cb1").removeAttr("disabled"); } else { $("#cb1").attr("disabled", "true"); } }); });//]]> </script>

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  • Is it OK to put a standard, pure C header #include directive inside a namespace?

    - by mic_e
    I've got a project with a class log in the global namespace (::log). So, naturally, after #include <cmath>, the compiler gives an error message each time I try to instantiate an object of my log class, because <cmath> pollutes the global namespace with lots of three-letter methods, one of them being the logarithm function log(). So there are three possible solutions, each having their unique ugly side-effects. Move the log class to it's own namespace and always access it with it's fully qualified name. I really want to avoid this because the logger should be as convenient as possible to use. Write a mathwrapper.cpp file which is the only file in the project that includes <cmath>, and makes all the required <cmath> functions available through wrappers in a namespace math. I don't want to use this approach because I have to write a wrapper for every single required math function, and it would add additional call penalty (cancelled out partially by the -flto compiler flag) The solution I'm currently considering: Replace #include <cmath> by namespace math { #include "math.h" } and then calculating the logarithm function via math::log(). I have tried it out and it does, indeed, compile, link and run as expected. It does, however, have multiple downsides: It's (obviously) impossible to use <cmath>, because the <cmath> code accesses the functions by their fully qualified names, and it's deprecated to use in C++. I've got a really, really bad feeling about it, like I'm gonna get attacked and eaten alive by raptors. So my question is: Is there any recommendation/convention/etc that forbid putting include directives in namespaces? Could anything go wrong with diferent C standard library implementations (I use glibc), different compilers (I use g++ 4.7, -std=c++11), linking? Have you ever tried doing this? Are there any alternate ways to banish the math functions from the global namespace? I've found several similar questions on stackoverflow, but most were about including other C++ headers, which obviously is a bad idea, and those that weren't made contradictory statements about linking behaviour for C libraries. Also, would it be beneficial to additionally put the #include <math.h> inside extern "C" {}?

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  • Copy iMovie 11 project from one account to another user account?

    - by David.Chu.ca
    I have one user account as admin with several iMovie projects. After a period of time, I created a standard user account. Now I want to move admin user's iMovie projects to standard user. What I tried was to copy admin's Movies folder content to standard user by dropping to standard user's public shared dropbox. Then I copied the content to standard user's Movies folder. However, I cannot see iMovie projects in standard user by iMovie app. Is there anyway to move projects from one user to another user? Or copy one user's data to another user? Not sure if I missed anything if just copying Movies folder?

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  • Metro: Introduction to CSS 3 Grid Layout

    - by Stephen.Walther
    The purpose of this blog post is to provide you with a quick introduction to the new W3C CSS 3 Grid Layout standard. You can use CSS Grid Layout in Metro style applications written with JavaScript to lay out the content of an HTML page. CSS Grid Layout provides you with all of the benefits of using HTML tables for layout without requiring you to actually use any HTML table elements. Doing Page Layouts without Tables Back in the 1990’s, if you wanted to create a fancy website, then you would use HTML tables for layout. For example, if you wanted to create a standard three-column page layout then you would create an HTML table with three columns like this: <table height="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="300px" bgcolor="red"> Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column </td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="green"> Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column </td> <td valign="top" width="300px" bgcolor="blue"> Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column </td> </tr> </table> When the table above gets rendered out to a browser, you end up with the following three-column layout: The width of the left and right columns is fixed – the width of the middle column expands or contracts depending on the width of the browser. Sometime around the year 2005, everyone decided that using tables for layout was a bad idea. Instead of using tables for layout — it was collectively decided by the spirit of the Web — you should use Cascading Style Sheets instead. Why is using HTML tables for layout bad? Using tables for layout breaks the semantics of the TABLE element. A TABLE element should be used only for displaying tabular information such as train schedules or moon phases. Using tables for layout is bad for accessibility (The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 is explicit about this) and using tables for layout is bad for separating content from layout (see http://CSSZenGarden.com). Post 2005, anyone who used HTML tables for layout were encouraged to hold their heads down in shame. That’s all well and good, but the problem with using CSS for layout is that it can be more difficult to work with CSS than HTML tables. For example, to achieve a standard three-column layout, you either need to use absolute positioning or floats. Here’s a three-column layout with floats: <style type="text/css"> #container { min-width: 800px; } #leftColumn { float: left; width: 300px; height: 100%; background-color:red; } #middleColumn { background-color:green; height: 100%; } #rightColumn { float: right; width: 300px; height: 100%; background-color:blue; } </style> <div id="container"> <div id="rightColumn"> Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column </div> <div id="leftColumn"> Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column </div> <div id="middleColumn"> Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column </div> </div> The page above contains four DIV elements: a container DIV which contains a leftColumn, middleColumn, and rightColumn DIV. The leftColumn DIV element is floated to the left and the rightColumn DIV element is floated to the right. Notice that the rightColumn DIV appears in the page before the middleColumn DIV – this unintuitive ordering is necessary to get the floats to work correctly (see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/533607/css-three-column-layout-problem). The page above (almost) works with the most recent versions of most browsers. For example, you get the correct three-column layout in both Firefox and Chrome: And the layout mostly works with Internet Explorer 9 except for the fact that for some strange reason the min-width doesn’t work so when you shrink the width of your browser, you can get the following unwanted layout: Notice how the middle column (the green column) bleeds to the left and right. People have solved these issues with more complicated CSS. For example, see: http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/holy-grail-no-quirks-mode.htm But, at this point, no one could argue that using CSS is easier or more intuitive than tables. It takes work to get a layout with CSS and we know that we could achieve the same layout more easily using HTML tables. Using CSS Grid Layout CSS Grid Layout is a new W3C standard which provides you with all of the benefits of using HTML tables for layout without the disadvantage of using an HTML TABLE element. In other words, CSS Grid Layout enables you to perform table layouts using pure Cascading Style Sheets. The CSS Grid Layout standard is still in a “Working Draft” state (it is not finalized) and it is located here: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-grid-layout/ The CSS Grid Layout standard is only supported by Internet Explorer 10 and there are no signs that any browser other than Internet Explorer will support this standard in the near future. This means that it is only practical to take advantage of CSS Grid Layout when building Metro style applications with JavaScript. Here’s how you can create a standard three-column layout using a CSS Grid Layout: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> html, body, #container { height: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; } #container { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 300px auto 300px; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; } #leftColumn { -ms-grid-column: 1; background-color:red; } #middleColumn { -ms-grid-column: 2; background-color:green; } #rightColumn { -ms-grid-column: 3; background-color:blue; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="leftColumn"> Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column </div> <div id="middleColumn"> Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column </div> <div id="rightColumn"> Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column </div> </div> </body> </html> When the page above is rendered in Internet Explorer 10, you get a standard three-column layout: The page above contains four DIV elements: a container DIV which contains a leftColumn DIV, middleColumn DIV, and rightColumn DIV. The container DIV is set to Grid display mode with the following CSS rule: #container { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 300px auto 300px; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; } The display property is set to the value “-ms-grid”. This property causes the container DIV to lay out its child elements in a grid. (Notice that you use “-ms-grid” instead of “grid”. The “-ms-“ prefix is used because the CSS Grid Layout standard is still preliminary. This implementation only works with IE10 and it might change before the final release.) The grid columns and rows are defined with the “-ms-grid-columns” and “-ms-grid-rows” properties. The style rule above creates a grid with three columns and one row. The left and right columns are fixed sized at 300 pixels. The middle column sizes automatically depending on the remaining space available. The leftColumn, middleColumn, and rightColumn DIVs are positioned within the container grid element with the following CSS rules: #leftColumn { -ms-grid-column: 1; background-color:red; } #middleColumn { -ms-grid-column: 2; background-color:green; } #rightColumn { -ms-grid-column: 3; background-color:blue; } The “-ms-grid-column” property is used to specify the column associated with the element selected by the style sheet selector. The leftColumn DIV is positioned in the first grid column, the middleColumn DIV is positioned in the second grid column, and the rightColumn DIV is positioned in the third grid column. I find using CSS Grid Layout to be just as intuitive as using an HTML table for layout. You define your columns and rows and then you position different elements within these columns and rows. Very straightforward. Creating Multiple Columns and Rows In the previous section, we created a super simple three-column layout. This layout contained only a single row. In this section, let’s create a slightly more complicated layout which contains more than one row: The following page contains a header row, a content row, and a footer row. The content row contains three columns: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> html, body, #container { height: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; } #container { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 300px auto 300px; -ms-grid-rows: 100px 1fr 100px; } #header { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; -ms-grid-row: 1; background-color: yellow; } #leftColumn { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-row: 2; background-color:red; } #middleColumn { -ms-grid-column: 2; -ms-grid-row: 2; background-color:green; } #rightColumn { -ms-grid-column: 3; -ms-grid-row: 2; background-color:blue; } #footer { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; -ms-grid-row: 3; background-color: orange; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="header"> Header, Header, Header </div> <div id="leftColumn"> Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column, Left Column </div> <div id="middleColumn"> Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column, Middle Column </div> <div id="rightColumn"> Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column, Right Column </div> <div id="footer"> Footer, Footer, Footer </div> </div> </body> </html> In the page above, the grid layout is created with the following rule which creates a grid with three rows and three columns: #container { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 300px auto 300px; -ms-grid-rows: 100px 1fr 100px; } The header is created with the following rule: #header { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; -ms-grid-row: 1; background-color: yellow; } The header is positioned in column 1 and row 1. Furthermore, notice that the “-ms-grid-column-span” property is used to span the header across three columns. CSS Grid Layout and Fractional Units When you use CSS Grid Layout, you can take advantage of fractional units. Fractional units provide you with an easy way of dividing up remaining space in a page. Imagine, for example, that you want to create a three-column page layout. You want the size of the first column to be fixed at 200 pixels and you want to divide the remaining space among the remaining three columns. The width of the second column is equal to the combined width of the third and fourth columns. The following CSS rule creates four columns with the desired widths: #container { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 200px 2fr 1fr 1fr; -ms-grid-rows: 1fr; } The fr unit represents a fraction. The grid above contains four columns. The second column is two times the size (2fr) of the third (1fr) and fourth (1fr) columns. When you use the fractional unit, the remaining space is divided up using fractional amounts. Notice that the single row is set to a height of 1fr. The single grid row gobbles up the entire vertical space. Here’s the entire HTML page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> html, body, #container { height: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; } #container { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 200px 2fr 1fr 1fr; -ms-grid-rows: 1fr; } #firstColumn { -ms-grid-column: 1; background-color:red; } #secondColumn { -ms-grid-column: 2; background-color:green; } #thirdColumn { -ms-grid-column: 3; background-color:blue; } #fourthColumn { -ms-grid-column: 4; background-color:orange; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="firstColumn"> First Column, First Column, First Column </div> <div id="secondColumn"> Second Column, Second Column, Second Column </div> <div id="thirdColumn"> Third Column, Third Column, Third Column </div> <div id="fourthColumn"> Fourth Column, Fourth Column, Fourth Column </div> </div> </body> </html>   Summary There is more in the CSS 3 Grid Layout standard than discussed in this blog post. My goal was to describe the basics. If you want to learn more than you can read through the entire standard at http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-grid-layout/ In this blog post, I described some of the difficulties that you might encounter when attempting to replace HTML tables with Cascading Style Sheets when laying out a web page. I explained how you can take advantage of the CSS 3 Grid Layout standard to avoid these problems when building Metro style applications using JavaScript. CSS 3 Grid Layout provides you with all of the benefits of using HTML tables for laying out a page without requiring you to use HTML table elements.

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