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• What makes game sound effects "good"?

  - by you786

  I'm making a small game, and I've found some free sound effects that I'd like to use. The issue is that I can't get the sound effects to sound like they "belong" in my game. I don't know what to look for that can make sound effects match the rest of my game style. I have some ideas on what affects the meshing of audio with graphics. For example, I have a feeling that the current SFX I may be too "realistic" for my graphical style, which is pretty cartoon-like. Also, is there a golden standard for what volume various SFX should be at? (for example, I am thinking that footsteps or other common sounds should be at barely audible volumes, while enemy deaths or something that is a "big deal" should be louder). I found a similar question about graphics, I'm looking for a similar response with sound effects.

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• Ruby: implementing alpha-beta pruning for tic-tac-toe

  - by DerNalia

  So, alpha-beta pruning seems to be the most efficient algorithm out there aside from hard coding (for tic tac toe). However, I'm having problems converting the algorithm from the C++ example given in the link: http://www.webkinesia.com/games/gametree.php #based off http://www.webkinesia.com/games/gametree.php # (converted from C++ code from the alpha - beta pruning section) # returns 0 if draw LOSS = -1 DRAW = 0 WIN = 1 @next_move = 0 def calculate_ai_next_move score = self.get_best_move(COMPUTER, WIN, LOSS) return @next_move end def get_best_move(player, alpha, beta) best_score = nil score = nil if not self.has_available_moves? return false elsif self.has_this_player_won?(player) return WIN elsif self.has_this_player_won?(1 - player) return LOSS else best_score = alpha NUM_SQUARES.times do |square| if best_score >= beta break end if self.state[square].nil? self.make_move_with_index(square, player) # set to negative of opponent's best move; we only need the returned score; # the returned move is irrelevant. score = -get_best_move(1-player, -beta, -alpha) if (score > bestScore) @next_move = square best_score = score end undo_move(square) end end end return best_score end the problem is that this is returning nil. some support methods that are used above: WAYS_TO_WIN = [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [0, 3, 6], [1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8],[0, 4, 8], [2, 4, 6]] def has_this_player_won?(player) result = false WAYS_TO_WIN.each {|solution| result = self.state[solution[0]] if contains_win?(solution) } return (result == player) end def contains_win?(ttt_win_state) ttt_win_state.each do |pos| return false if self.state[pos] != self.state[ttt_win_state[0]] or self.state[pos].nil? end return true end def make_move(x, y, player) self.set_square(x,y, player) end

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• How do I use setFilmSize in panda3d to achieve the correct view?

  - by lhk

  I'm working with Panda3d and recently switched my game to isometric rendering. I moved the virtual camera accordingly and set an orthographic lens. Then I implemented the classes "Map" and "Canvas". A canvas is a dynamically generated mesh: a flat quad. I'm using it to render the ingame graphics. Since the game itself is still set in a 3d coordinate system I'm planning to rely on these canvases to draw sprites. I could have named this class "Tile" but as I'd like to use it for non-tile sketches (enemies, environment) as well I thought canvas would describe it's function better. Map does exactly what it's name suggests. Its constructor receives the number of rows and columns and then creates a standard isometric map. It uses the canvas class for tiles. I'm planning to write a map importer that reads a file to create maps on the fly. Here's the canvas implementation: class Canvas: def __init__(self, texture, vertical=False, width=1,height=1): # create the mesh format=GeomVertexFormat.getV3t2() format = GeomVertexFormat.registerFormat(format) vdata=GeomVertexData("node-vertices", format, Geom.UHStatic) vertex = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'vertex') texcoord = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'texcoord') # add the vertices for a flat quad vertex.addData3f(1, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 0) vertex.addData3f(1, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 0) prim = GeomTriangles(Geom.UHStatic) prim.addVertices(0, 1, 2) prim.addVertices(2, 3, 0) self.geom = Geom(vdata) self.geom.addPrimitive(prim) self.node = GeomNode('node') self.node.addGeom(self.geom) # this is the handle for the canvas self.nodePath=NodePath(self.node) self.nodePath.setSx(width) self.nodePath.setSy(height) if vertical: self.nodePath.setP(90) # the most important part: "Drawing" the image self.texture=loader.loadTexture(""+texture+".png") self.nodePath.setTexture(self.texture) Now the code for the Map class class Map: def __init__(self,rows,columns,size): self.grid=[] for i in range(rows): self.grid.append([]) for j in range(columns): # create a canvas for the tile. For testing the texture is preset tile=Canvas(texture="../assets/textures/flat_concrete",width=size,height=size) x=(i-1)*size y=(j-1)*size # set the tile up for rendering tile.nodePath.reparentTo(render) tile.nodePath.setX(x) tile.nodePath.setY(y) # and store it for later access self.grid[i].append(tile) And finally the usage def loadMap(self): self.map=Map(10, 10, 1) this function is called within the constructor of the World class. The instantiation of world is the entry point to the execution. The code is pretty straightforward and runs good. Sadly the output is not as expected: Please note: The problem is not the white rectangle, it's my player object. The problem is that although the map should have equal width and height it's stretched weirdly. With orthographic rendering I expected the map to be a perfect square. What did I do wrong ? UPDATE: I've changed the viewport. This is how I set up the orthographic camera: lens = OrthographicLens() lens.setFilmSize(40, 20) base.cam.node().setLens(lens) You can change the "aspect" by modifying the parameters of setFilmSize. I don't know exactly how they are related to window size and screen resolution but after testing a little the values above seem to work for me. Now everything is rendered correctly as long as I don't resize the window. Every change of the window's size as well as switching to fullscreen destroys the correct rendering. I know that implementing a listener for resize events is not in the scope of this question. However I wonder why I need to make the Film's height two times bigger than its width. My window is quadratic ! Can you tell me how to find out correct setting for the FilmSize ? UPDATE 2: I can imagine that it's hard to envision the behaviour of the game. At first glance the obvious solution is to pass the window's width and height in pixels to setFilmSize. There are two problems with that approach. The parameters for setFilmSize are ingame units. You'll get a way to big view if you pass the pixel size For some strange reason the image is distorted if you pass equal values for width and height. Here's the output for setFilmSize(800,800) You'll have to stress your eyes but you'll see what I mean

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• OpenGL: Want to keep gun on top of car and be able to control angle. Having difficulties.

  - by Blair

  So I am making a simple game. I want to put a gun on top of a car so basically like a long rod in the middle of a black is how I am modelling it right now. I want to be able to control the angle of the gun. Basically it can go forward all the way so that it is parallel to the ground facing the direction the car is moving or it can point behind the car and any of the angles in between these positions. I have something like the following right now but its not really working. Is there an better way to do this that I am not seeing? #This will place the car glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,1.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.rotation, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glScaled(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) glCallList(self.model.gl_list) glPopMatrix() #This will place the gun on top glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,2.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.tube_angle, self.direction.z, 0.0, self.direction.x) print self.direction.z glRotated(45, self.position.z, 0.0, self.position.x) glScaled(1.0, 0.5, 1.0) glCallList(self.tube.gl_list) glPopMatrix() This almost works. It moves the gun up and down. But when the car moves around the angle of the gun changes. Not what I want.

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• runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference

  - by Klink

  I want to learn OpenGL 3.0 with golang. But when i try to compile some code, i get many errors. package main import ( "os" //"errors" "fmt" //gl "github.com/chsc/gogl/gl33" //"github.com/jteeuwen/glfw" "github.com/go-gl/gl" "github.com/go-gl/glfw" "runtime" "time" ) var ( width int = 640 height int = 480 ) var ( points = []float32{0.0, 0.8, -0.8, -0.8, 0.8, -0.8} ) func initScene() { gl.Init() gl.ClearColor(0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0) gl.Enable(gl.CULL_FACE) gl.Viewport(0, 0, 800, 600) } func glfwInitWindowContext() { if err := glfw.Init(); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "glfw_Init: %s\n", err) glfw.Terminate() } glfw.OpenWindowHint(glfw.FsaaSamples, 1) glfw.OpenWindowHint(glfw.WindowNoResize, 1) if err := glfw.OpenWindow(width, height, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, glfw.Windowed); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "glfw_Window: %s\n", err) glfw.CloseWindow() } glfw.SetSwapInterval(1) glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title") } func drawScene() { for glfw.WindowParam(glfw.Opened) == 1 { gl.Clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) vertexShaderSrc := `#version 120 attribute vec2 coord2d; void main(void) { gl_Position = vec4(coord2d, 0.0, 1.0); }` vertexShader := gl.CreateShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER) vertexShader.Source(vertexShaderSrc) vertexShader.Compile() fragmentShaderSrc := `#version 120 void main(void) { gl_FragColor[0] = 0.0; gl_FragColor[1] = 0.0; gl_FragColor[2] = 1.0; }` fragmentShader := gl.CreateShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER) fragmentShader.Source(fragmentShaderSrc) fragmentShader.Compile() program := gl.CreateProgram() program.AttachShader(vertexShader) program.AttachShader(fragmentShader) program.Link() attribute_coord2d := program.GetAttribLocation("coord2d") program.Use() //attribute_coord2d.AttribPointer(size, typ, normalized, stride, pointer) attribute_coord2d.EnableArray() attribute_coord2d.AttribPointer(0, 3, false, 0, &(points[0])) //gl.DrawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, len(points)) gl.DrawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3) glfw.SwapBuffers() inputHandler() time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) } } func inputHandler() { glfw.Enable(glfw.StickyKeys) if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyEsc) == glfw.KeyPress { //gl.DeleteBuffers(2, &uiVBO[0]) glfw.Terminate() } if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyF2) == glfw.KeyPress { glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title2") fmt.Println("Changed to 'Title2'") fmt.Println(len(points)) } if glfw.Key(glfw.KeyF1) == glfw.KeyPress { glfw.SetWindowTitle("Title1") fmt.Println("Changed to 'Title1'") } } func main() { runtime.LockOSThread() glfwInitWindowContext() initScene() drawScene() } And after that: panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference [signal 0xb code=0x1 addr=0x0 pc=0x41bc6f74] goroutine 1 [syscall]: github.com/go-gl/gl._Cfunc_glDrawArrays(0x4, 0x7f8500000003) /tmp/go-build463568685/github.com/go-gl/gl/_obj/_cgo_defun.c:610 +0x2f github.com/go-gl/gl.DrawArrays(0x4, 0x3, 0x0, 0x45bd70) /tmp/go-build463568685/github.com/go-gl/gl/_obj/gl.cgo1.go:1922 +0x33 main.drawScene() /home/klink/Dev/Go/gogl/gopher/exper.go:85 +0x1e6 main.main() /home/klink/Dev/Go/gogl/gopher/exper.go:116 +0x27 goroutine 2 [syscall]: created by runtime.main /build/buildd/golang-1/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:221 exit status 2

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• How can I view an R32G32B32 texture?

  - by bobobobo

  I have a texture with R32G32B32 floats. I create this texture in-program on D3D11, using DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT. Now I need to see the texture data for debug purposes, but it will not save to anything but dds, showing the error in debug output, "Can't find matching WIC format, please save this file to a DDS". So, I write it to DDS but I can't open it now! The DirectX texture tool says "An error occurred trying to open that file". I know the texture is working because I can read it in the GPU and the colors seem correct. How can I view an R32G32B32 texture in an image viewer?

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• Problem with Assimp 3D model loader

  - by Brendan Webster

  In my game I have model loading functions for Assimp model loading library. I can load the model and render it, but the model displays incorrectly. The models load in as if they were using a seperate projection matrix. I have looked over my code over and over again, but I probably keep on missing the obvious reason why this is happening. Here is an image of my game: It's simply a 6 sided cube, but it's off big time! Here are my code snippets for rendering the cube to the screen: void C_MediaLoader::display(void) { float tmp; glTranslatef(0,0,0); // rotate it around the y axis glRotatef(angle,0.f,0.f,1.f); glColor4f(1,1,1,1); // scale the whole asset to fit into our view frustum tmp = scene_max.x-scene_min.x; tmp = aisgl_max(scene_max.y - scene_min.y,tmp); tmp = aisgl_max(scene_max.z - scene_min.z,tmp); tmp = (1.f / tmp); glScalef(tmp/5, tmp/5, tmp/5); // center the model //glTranslatef( -scene_center.x, -scene_center.y, -scene_center.z ); // if the display list has not been made yet, create a new one and // fill it with scene contents if(scene_list == 0) { scene_list = glGenLists(1); glNewList(scene_list, GL_COMPILE); // now begin at the root node of the imported data and traverse // the scenegraph by multiplying subsequent local transforms // together on GL's matrix stack. recursive_render(scene, scene->mRootNode); glEndList(); } glCallList(scene_list); } void C_MediaLoader::recursive_render (const struct aiScene *sc, const struct aiNode* nd) { unsigned int i; unsigned int n = 0, t; struct aiMatrix4x4 m = nd->mTransformation; // update transform aiTransposeMatrix4(&m); glPushMatrix(); glMultMatrixf((float*)&m); // draw all meshes assigned to this node for (; n < nd->mNumMeshes; ++n) { const struct aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[nd->mMeshes[n]]; apply_material(sc->mMaterials[mesh->mMaterialIndex]); if(mesh->mNormals == NULL) { glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); } else { glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); } for (t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; GLenum face_mode; switch(face->mNumIndices) { case 1: face_mode = GL_POINTS; break; case 2: face_mode = GL_LINES; break; case 3: face_mode = GL_TRIANGLES; break; default: face_mode = GL_POLYGON; break; } glBegin(face_mode); for(i = 0; i < face->mNumIndices; i++) { int index = face->mIndices[i]; if(mesh->mColors[0] != NULL) glColor4fv((GLfloat*)&mesh->mColors[0][index]); if(mesh->mNormals != NULL) glNormal3fv(&mesh->mNormals[index].x); glVertex3fv(&mesh->mVertices[index].x); } glEnd(); } } // draw all children for (n = 0; n < nd->mNumChildren; ++n) { recursive_render(sc, nd->mChildren[n]); } glPopMatrix(); } Sorry there is so much code to look through, but I really cannot find the problem, and I would love to have help.

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• Loading Wavefront Data into VAO and Render It

  - by Jordan LaPrise

  I have successfully loaded a triangulated wavefront(.obj) into 6 vectors, the first 3 vectors contain the locations for vertices, uv coords, and normals. The last three have the indices stored for each of the faces. I have been looking into using VAO's and VBO's to render, and I'm not quite sure how to load and render the data. One of my biggest concerns is the fact that indexed rendering only allows you to have one array of indices, meaning I somehow have to make all of the first three vectors the same size, the only way I thought of doing this, is to make 3 new vertex's of equal size, and load in the data for each face, but that would completely defeat the purpose of indexing. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance, Jordan

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• Why am I not getting an sRGB default framebuffer?

  - by Aaron Rotenberg

  I'm trying to make my OpenGL Haskell program gamma correct by making appropriate use of sRGB framebuffers and textures, but I'm running into issues making the default framebuffer sRGB. Consider the following Haskell program, compiled for 32-bit Windows using GHC and linked against 32-bit freeglut: import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc(alloca) import Foreign.Ptr(Ptr) import Foreign.Storable(Storable, peek) import Graphics.Rendering.OpenGL.Raw import qualified Graphics.UI.GLUT as GLUT import Graphics.UI.GLUT(($=)) main :: IO () main = do (_progName, _args) <- GLUT.getArgsAndInitialize GLUT.initialDisplayMode $= [GLUT.SRGBMode] _window <- GLUT.createWindow "sRGB Test" -- To prove that I actually have freeglut working correctly. -- This will fail at runtime under classic GLUT. GLUT.closeCallback $= Just (return ()) glEnable gl_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB colorEncoding <- allocaOut $ glGetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv gl_FRAMEBUFFER gl_FRONT_LEFT gl_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING print colorEncoding allocaOut :: Storable a => (Ptr a -> IO b) -> IO a allocaOut f = alloca $ \ptr -> do f ptr peek ptr On my desktop (Windows 8 64-bit with a GeForce GTX 760 graphics card) this program outputs 9729, a.k.a. gl_LINEAR, indicating that the default framebuffer is using linear color space, even though I explicitly requested an sRGB window. This is reflected in the rendering results of the actual program I'm trying to write - everything looks washed out because my linear color values aren't being converted to sRGB before being written to the framebuffer. On the other hand, on my laptop (Windows 7 64-bit with an Intel graphics chip), the program prints 0 (huh?) and I get an sRGB default framebuffer by default whether I request one or not! And on both machines, if I manually create a non-default framebuffer bound to an sRGB texture, the program correctly prints 35904, a.k.a. gl_SRGB. Why am I getting different results on different hardware? Am I doing something wrong? How can I get an sRGB framebuffer consistently on all hardware and target OSes?

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• How to protect your real time online shooter from potential bots

  - by Zaky German

  I'm looking to create a multiplayer top down shooter. While i've read about different topics, i can see them i've got some real challenges ahead, but i'm all up for it. One thing i can't understand is how am i supposed to be protecting the game from people who try to create bots? What i mean is, as far as i understand, it's impossible to protect the network traffic in a way that players won't be able to create programs that listen to what's going on and understand it. So what worries me is that people can create bots that listen to the current location of rival players, and send communication that mimic as if the player is shooting in the exact "perfect" location to win that match. So what kind of techniques are used to protect real time games from such bots? Also i'd like to mention that i've tried searching for discussions (as this sounds like something many people struggle with), but couldn't find anything about it specifically, only as a part of broader questions about networking in real time games. If i should have looked harder feel free to put me in my place :) Thanks alot!

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• Too sell or give for free

  - by QAH

  Hello everyone! I am currently making a game that I was originally planning to sell. It is a simple 2D arcade style game for the PC. I've seen many indie games become popular and generate revenue from advertisements, but the game itself remains free. I need some advice on whether or not I should sell my game, release it for free with advertisements, or ask for donations and keep the game free. I feel that my game is fun, but of course the graphics aren't tip top because I am a programmer, not an artist. I just take screenshots of 3D models I get from Turbosquid and crop around it to make a sprite. Also, and I could be very wrong about this, it seems that there are more legal issues surrounding selling a game than making it free and generating revenue from advertisement, or asking for donations. If I am wrong, someone please correct me. Also, I am very interested in generating some revenue for my work, but that isn't at the very top of my list. I am in my last year of high school, soon to be going to college, and I am going to major in computer science/software engineering. So I am trying to gain some preliminary experience at home by coding stuff every day. One way of getting this experience is by making this game. So what do you think? What route should I take? What has worked well with other indie games? Thanks in advance.

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• Illumination and Shading for computer graphics class

  - by Sam I Am

  I am preparing for my test tomorrow and this is one of the practice questions. I solved it partially but I am confused with the rest. Here is the problem: Consider a gray world with no ambient and specular lighting ( only diffuse lighting). The screen coordinates of a triangle P1,P2,P3, are P1=(100,100), P2= (300,150), P3 = (200, 200). The gray values at P!,P2,P3 are 1/2, 3/4, and 1/4 respectively. The light is at infinity and its direction and gray color are (1,1,1) and 1.0 respectively. The coefficients of diffused reflection is 1/2. The normals of P1,P2,P3 are N1= (0,0,1), N2 = (1,0,0), and N3 = (0,1,0) respectively. Consider the coordinates of three points P1,P2,P3 to be 0. Do not normalize the normals. I have computed that the illumination at the 3 vertices P1,P2,P3 is (1/4,3/8,1/8). Also I computed that interpolation coefficients of a point P inside the triangle whose coordinates are (220, 160) are given by (1/5,2/5,2/5). Now I have 4 more questions regarding this problem. 1) The illumination at P using Gouraud Shading is: i) 1/2 The answer is 1/2, but I have no idea how to compute it.. 2) The interpolated normal at P is given by i) (2/5, 2/5,1/5) ii) (1/2, 1/4, 1/4) iii) (3/5, 1/5, 1/5) 3) The interpolated color at P is given by: i) 1/2 Again, I know the correct answer but no idea how to solve it 4) The illumination at P using Phong Shading is i) 1/4 ii) 9/40 iii) 1/2

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• What are the most common AI systems implemented in Tower Defense Games

  - by the_Dan

  I'm currently in the middle of researching on the various types of AI techniques used in tower defense type games. If someone could be help me in understanding the different types of techniques and their associated advantages. Using Google I already found several techniques. Random Map traversal Path finding e.g. Cost based Traversing Algorithms i.e. A* I have already found a great answer to this type of question with the below link, but I feel that this answer is tailored to FPS. If anyone could add to this and make it specific to tower defense games then I would be truly great-full. How is AI most commonly implemented in popular games? Example of such games would be: Radiant Defense Plant Vs Zombies - Not truly Intelligent, but there must be an AI system used right? Field Runners Edit: After further research I found an interesting book that may be useful: http://www.amazon.com/dp/0123747317/?tag=stackoverfl08-20

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• Issues with touch buttons in XNA (Release state to be precise)

  - by Aditya

  I am trying to make touch buttons in WP8 with all the states (Pressed, Released, Moved), but the TouchLocationState.Released is not working. Here's my code: Class variables: bool touching = false; int touchID; Button tempButton; Button is a separate class with a method to switch states when touched. The Update method contains the following code: TouchCollection touchCollection = TouchPanel.GetState(); if (!touching && touchCollection.Count > 0) { touching = true; foreach (TouchLocation location in touchCollection) { for (int i = 0; i < menuButtons.Count; i++) { touchID = location.Id; // store the ID of current touch Point touchLocation = new Point((int)location.Position.X, (int)location.Position.Y); // create a point Button button = menuButtons[i]; if (GetMenuEntryHitBounds(button).Contains(touchLocation)) // a method which returns a rectangle. { button.SwitchState(true); // change the button state tempButton = button; // store the pressed button for accessing later } } } } else if (touchCollection.Count == 0) // clears the state of all buttons if no touch is detected { touching = false; for (int i = 0; i < menuButtons.Count; i++) { Button button = menuButtons[i]; button.SwitchState(false); } } menuButtons is a list of buttons on the menu. A separate loop (within the Update method) after the touched variable is true if (touching) { TouchLocation location; TouchLocation prevLocation; if (touchCollection.FindById(touchID, out location)) { if (location.TryGetPreviousLocation(out prevLocation)) { Point point = new Point((int)location.Position.X, (int)location.Position.Y); if (prevLocation.State == TouchLocationState.Pressed && location.State == TouchLocationState.Released) { if (GetMenuEntryHitBounds(tempButton).Contains(point)) // Execute the button action. I removed the excess } } } } The code for switching the button state is working fine but the code where I want to trigger the action is not. location.State == TouchLocationState.Released mostly ends up being false. (Even after I release the touch, it has a value of TouchLocationState.Moved) And what is more irritating is that it sometimes works! I am really confused and stuck for days now. Is this the right way? If yes then where am I going wrong? Or is there some other more effective way to do this? PS: I also posted this question on stack overflow then realized this question is more appropriate in gamedev. Sorry if it counts as being redundant.

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• Making a game "resize-safe"

  - by CPP_Person

  It's one thing to get the graphics aligned perfectly, it's another to do this for every single resolution and not take too much time and/or make the code unreadable due to size. Games like Battlefield 3 and Minecraft seem to manage this. But what do they do to keep things from stretching or going off the screen? I don't know any algorithms to do this. I'd like some help on this topic. I've always programmed games that only handle a single resolution, so help would be appreciate.

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• how to link a c++ object to a local variable in Lua

  - by MahanGM

  I'm completing my scripting interface with Lua, but recently I've stuck at some point. I have several functions for my Entitiy events like Update(). I have a function called create_entitiy() which instantiate a new entity from a given entity index: function Update() local bullet = create_entity(0, 0, "obj_bullet") end create_entity returns a table which is the properties of the created entity. Now how can I make a connection between bullet variable and my newly created object? Right now for previously added objects to the scene, I simply set a global table for each of them and then after every call to Update(), I go through registered names to find object tables and perform new changes. Like the one below: function Update() if keyboard_key_press(vk_right) then obj_player.x += 3 end I can get obj_player table because I know its name from C++, plus I can get it as a global table and simply reach for the first instance named obj_player. Is there any solution for me to make bullet variable act like this? I was thinking to get all local variables in Update() function and check for every one to see if is it table and it has an unique field attached to it like id, this way I can determine that this is an object table and do the rest of the process. By the way, is this interface going to work easier with luaBind if I implement it? Bottom line: How can I make a local variable in Lua that receives a table from create_entity function and track that local variable to capture it from C++. e. g. function Update() local bullet = create_entity(0, 0, "obj_bullet") bullet.x = 10 <== Commit a change in table end Now I want to get variable bullet from C++. And it's not just this variable, there might be a ton of these local variables with different names.

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• stdexcept On Android

  - by David R.

  I'm trying to compile SoundTouch on Android. I started with this configure line: ./configure CPPFLAGS="-I/Volumes/android-build/mydroid/development/ndk/build/platforms/android-3/arch-arm/usr/include/" LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath-link=/Volumes/android-build/mydroid/development/ndk/build/platforms/android-3/arch-arm/usr/lib -L/Volumes/android-build/mydroid/development/ndk/build/platforms/android-3/arch-arm/usr/lib -nostdlib -lc" --host=arm-eabi --enable-shared=yes CFLAGS="-nostdlib -O3 -mandroid" host_alias=arm-eabi --no-create --no-recursion Because the Android NDK targets ARM, I also had to change the Makefile to remove the -msse2 flags to progress. When I run 'make', I get: /bin/sh ../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile arm-eabi-g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../include -I../../include -I/Volumes/android-build/mydroid/development/ndk/build/platforms/android-3/arch-arm/usr/include/ -O3 -fcheck-new -I../../include -g -O2 -MT FIRFilter.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/FIRFilter.Tpo -c -o FIRFilter.lo FIRFilter.cpp libtool: compile: arm-eabi-g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../include -I../../include -I/Volumes/android-build/mydroid/development/ndk/build/platforms/android-3/arch-arm/usr/include/ -O3 -fcheck-new -I../../include -g -O2 -MT FIRFilter.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/FIRFilter.Tpo -c FIRFilter.cpp -o FIRFilter.o FIRFilter.cpp:46:21: error: stdexcept: No such file or directory FIRFilter.cpp: In member function 'virtual void soundtouch::FIRFilter::setCoefficients(const soundtouch::SAMPLETYPE*, uint, uint)': FIRFilter.cpp:177: error: 'runtime_error' is not a member of 'std' FIRFilter.cpp: In static member function 'static void* soundtouch::FIRFilter::operator new(size_t)': FIRFilter.cpp:225: error: 'runtime_error' is not a member of 'std' make[2]: *** [FIRFilter.lo] Error 1 make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 This isn't very surprising, since the -nostdlib flag was required. Android seems to have neither stdexcept nor stdlib. How can I get past this block of compiling SoundTouch? At a guess, there may be some flag I don't know about that I should use. I could refactor the code not to use stdexcept. There may be a way to pull in the original stdexcept source and reference that. I might be able to link to a precompiled stdexcept library.

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• GameState management hierarchical FSM vs stack based FSM

  - by user8363

  I'm reading a bit on Finite State Machines to handle game states (or screens). I would like to build a rather decent FSM that can handle multiple screens. e.g. while the game is running I want to be able to pop-up an ingame menu and when that happens the main screen must stop updating (the game is paused) but must still be visible in the background. However when I open an inventory pop-up the main screen must be visible and continue updating etc. I'm a bit confused about the difference in implementation and functionality between hierarchical FSM's and FSM's that handle a stack of states instead. Are they basically the same? Or are there important differences?

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• Custom Music in Skyrim's Creation Kit?

  - by CptSupermrkt

  Can you bring in external music such as mp3s? If so, how? I didn't see anything about this in the wiki Bethesda released. Also how does this work with regards to the Steam Workshop? Don't imagine they would appreciate uploading copyrighted content. I don't particularly care about making a public mod, I just want to screw around privately and create dungeons/towns using music from some of my favorite games. Thanks.

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• Is there a global "low resolution" filter for OpenGL?

  - by Ian Henry

  I'm trying to learn a little about OpenGL, so I'm making a simple 2D game (with OpenTK), and so far it's coming along well. I thought it would be fun to give it that, for lack of a better word, retropixelated look of games from the early nineties. I figured it would be an easy thing to do -- simply draw everything at half its normal size and scale up with no anti-aliasing. But I can't find any resources on how to do this. I can set the min/mag filters of my textures to nearest and that works fine for my sprites, but I'm using lots of primitives and I'd like the effect to apply to them as well. The one idea I had was to draw everything at half size, then somehow copy the render buffer to a texture, then render that texture full-size, but I don't know how to do that, and it seems like there must be a better way. Can anyone help me out?

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• First Minecraft mod not working: make a new sword

  - by yamikoWebs

  I am making my first mod and cannot see what is wrong with it. I am using MCP and Modloader. For my first mod I was going to make swords. I started with making a new EnumToolMaterials WOOD(0, 59, 2.0F, 0, 15), STONE(1, 131, 4.0F, 1, 5), IRON(2, 250, 6.0F, 2, 14), LAPIS(3, 750, 7.0F, 2, 14), OBSIDIAN(3, 1000, 7.5F, 3, 12), EMERALD(3, 1561, 8.0F, 3, 10),//diamond GREEN(3, 2000, 9.0F, 4, 10),//emerald GOLD(0, 200, 12.0F, 0, 22); then here is the mod class public class _Mod_Yamiko extends BaseMod{ /* mod itemts */ public static final Item swordLapis = (new ItemSword(600, EnumToolMaterial.LAPIS)).setItemName("swordLapis"); public static final Item swordObsidian = (new ItemSword(601, EnumToolMaterial.OBSIDIAN)).setItemName("swordObsidian"); public static final Item swordGreen = (new ItemSword(602, EnumToolMaterial.GREEN)).setItemName("swordGreen"); public void load(){ //set images swordLapis.iconIndex = ModLoader.addOverride("/gui/items.png","/gui/swordLapis.png"); ModLoader.addName(swordLapis, "Lapis Sword"); //craft ModLoader.addRecipe(new ItemStack(_Mod_Yamiko.swordLapis, 1), new Object[]{ " X ", " X ", " Y ", 'X', Block.dirt, 'Y', Item.stick }); } public String getVersion(){ return "0.1"; } } Then I made a 16×16 .png image. I am not sure where to save it so I recompiled and reobfuscated, took the mod files and put it in my local Minecraft install, added the image where it be should be. No problems when playing but I cannot make the new sword.

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• Maya .IFF plugins for Gimp

  - by Kara Marfia

  Maya's preferred format for saving off a UV Snapshot is its own .IFF format, so I was hoping to find a plugin allowing Gimp 2 (Windows) to read it. I've found plenty of plugins for different linux distros, but none are win-friendly (that I can discern - admittedly I'm no whiz with Gimp). Does anyone know of one? Alternately, .tiff seems to work just fine, so if there's no good reason to bother fiddling with IFFs, I'd appreciate the input there, too. (sorry if this isn't on-topic)

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• Calculating instantaneous speed and acceleration for a simple Car software model

  - by Dylan

  I am trying to model a speedometer and tachometer for a simple software model of a car dashboard. I want this to be relatively simple, so for my purposes I won't likely simulate variables such as drag (or, assume that drag is a constant). But I would like to know the general formulas for: 1) Calculating the RPM, depending on a position of a graphical slider representing the accelerator. 2) Using this information to find the instantaneous speed (or, magnitude of instantaneous velocity?). I am not sure, in the case of 2), what other independent variables I need to consider. Do I need to consider the frequency of rotation of the wheels (assuming a fixed radius), in addition to the RPM? If anyone can give me a rough explanation plus relevant formulas, or alternatively direct me to other trusted resources online (I have had a hard time sifting through info and determining the accuracy), it would be much appreciated.

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• How to handle wildly varying rendering hardware / getting baseline

  - by edA-qa mort-ora-y

  I've recently started with mobile programming (cross-platform, also with desktop) and am encountering wildly differing hardware performance, in particular with OpenGL and the GPU. I know I'll basically have to adjust my rendering code but I'm uncertain of how to detect performance and what reasonable default settings are. I notice that certain shader functions are basically free in a desktop implemenation but can be unusable in a mobile device. The problem is I have no way of knowing what features will cause what performance issues on all the devices. So my first issue is that even if I allow configuring options I'm uncertain of which options I have to make configurable. I'm wondering also wheher one just writes one very configurable pipeline, or whether I should have 2 distinct options (high/low). I'm also unsure of where to set the default. If I set to the poorest performer the graphics will be so minimal that any user with a modern device would dismiss the game. If I set them even at some moderate point, the low end devices will basically become a slide-show. I was thinking perhaps that I just run some benchmarks when the user first installs and randomly guess what works, but I've not see a game do this before.

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• Friction not working for Vehicle in BulletPhysics

  - by Manmohan Bishnoi

  I am creating a vehicle using bullet-physics engine (v 2.82). I created a ground ( btBoxShape ), a box and a vehicle (following the demo). But friction between ground and vehicle wheels seems not working. As soon as the vehicle is placed in 3d world, it starts moving forward. START : Steering works for the vehicle, but engineForce and brakingForce does not work (i.e. I cannot speed-up or stop the vehicle) : I create physics world like this : void initPhysics() { broadphase = new btDbvtBroadphase(); collisionConfiguration = new btDefaultCollisionConfiguration(); dispatcher = new btCollisionDispatcher(collisionConfiguration); solver = new btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver(); dynamicsWorld = new btDiscreteDynamicsWorld(dispatcher, broadphase, solver, collisionConfiguration); dynamicsWorld->setGravity(btVector3(0, -9.81, 0)); // Debug Drawer bulletDebugugger.setDebugMode(btIDebugDraw::DBG_DrawWireframe); dynamicsWorld->setDebugDrawer(&bulletDebugugger); //groundShape = new btStaticPlaneShape(btVector3(0, 1, 0), 1); groundShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(50, 3, 50)); fallShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(1, 1, 1)); // Orientation and Position of Ground groundMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(0, -3, 0))); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo groundRigidBodyCI(0, groundMotionState, groundShape, btVector3(0, 0, 0)); groundRigidBody = new btRigidBody(groundRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(groundRigidBody); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vehicle Setup /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// vehicleChassisShape = new btBoxShape(btVector3(1.f, 0.5f, 2.f)); vehicleBody = new btCompoundShape(); localTrans.setIdentity(); localTrans.setOrigin(btVector3(0, 1, 0)); vehicleBody->addChildShape(localTrans, vehicleChassisShape); localTrans.setOrigin(btVector3(3, 0.f, 0)); vehicleMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(localTrans); //vehicleMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(3, 0, 0))); btVector3 vehicleInertia(0, 0, 0); vehicleBody->calculateLocalInertia(vehicleMass, vehicleInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo vehicleRigidBodyCI(vehicleMass, vehicleMotionState, vehicleBody, vehicleInertia); vehicleRigidBody = new btRigidBody(vehicleRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(vehicleRigidBody); wheelShape = new btCylinderShapeX(btVector3(wheelWidth, wheelRadius, wheelRadius)); { vehicleRayCaster = new btDefaultVehicleRaycaster(dynamicsWorld); vehicle = new btRaycastVehicle(vehicleTuning, vehicleRigidBody, vehicleRayCaster); // never deactivate vehicle vehicleRigidBody->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); dynamicsWorld->addVehicle(vehicle); float connectionHeight = 1.2f; bool isFrontWheel = true; vehicle->setCoordinateSystem(rightIndex, upIndex, forwardIndex); // 0, 1, 2 // add wheels // front left btVector3 connectionPointCS0(CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, 2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); // front right connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(-CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, 2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); isFrontWheel = false; // rear right connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(-CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, -2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); // rear left connectionPointCS0 = btVector3(CUBE_HALF_EXTENT-(0.3*wheelWidth), connectionHeight, -2*CUBE_HALF_EXTENT+wheelRadius); vehicle->addWheel(connectionPointCS0, wheelDirectionCS0, wheelAxleCS, suspensionRestLength, wheelRadius, vehicleTuning, isFrontWheel); for (int i = 0; i < vehicle->getNumWheels(); i++) { btWheelInfo& wheel = vehicle->getWheelInfo(i); wheel.m_suspensionStiffness = suspensionStiffness; wheel.m_wheelsDampingRelaxation = suspensionDamping; wheel.m_wheelsDampingCompression = suspensionCompression; wheel.m_frictionSlip = wheelFriction; wheel.m_rollInfluence = rollInfluence; } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Orientation and Position of Falling body fallMotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(btTransform(btQuaternion(0, 0, 0, 1), btVector3(-1, 5, 0))); btScalar mass = 1; btVector3 fallInertia(0, 0, 0); fallShape->calculateLocalInertia(mass, fallInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo fallRigidBodyCI(mass, fallMotionState, fallShape, fallInertia); fallRigidBody = new btRigidBody(fallRigidBodyCI); dynamicsWorld->addRigidBody(fallRigidBody); } I step physics world like this : // does not work vehicle->applyEngineForce(maxEngineForce, WHEEL_REARLEFT); vehicle->applyEngineForce(maxEngineForce, WHEEL_REARRIGHT); // these also do not work vehicle->setBrake(gBreakingForce, WHEEL_REARLEFT); vehicle->setBrake(gBreakingForce, WHEEL_REARRIGHT); // this works vehicle->setSteeringValue(gVehicleSteering, WHEEL_FRONTLEFT); vehicle->setSteeringValue(gVehicleSteering, WHEEL_FRONTRIGHT); dynamicsWorld->stepSimulation(1 / 60.0f, 10); However If I apply brakingForce to all 4 wheels (i.e. including WHEEL_FRONTLEFT and WHEEL_FRONTRIGHT), then my vehicle stops, but keeps sliding/moving forward very very slowly. How do I fix this ?

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