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  • Can I have two names for the same variable?

    - by Roman
    The short version of the question: I do: x = y. Then I change x, and y is unchanged. What I want is to "bind" x and y in such a way that I change y whenever I change x. The extended version (with some details): I wrote a class ("first" class) which generates objects of another class ("second" class). In more details, every object of the second class has a name as a unique identifier. I call a static method of the first class with a name of the object from the second class. The first class checks if such an object was already generated (if it is present in the static HashMap of the first class). If it is already there, it is returned. If it is not yet there, it is created, added to the HashMap and returned. And then I have the following problem. At some stage of my program, I take an object with a specific name from the HashMap of the first class. I do something with this object (for example change values of some fields). But the object in the HashMap does not see these changes! So, in fact, I do not "take" an object from the HashMap, I "create a copy" of this object and this is what I would like to avoid.

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  • how to learn a library/framework structure?

    - by fayer
    a lot of people are contributing to open source libraries/frameworks. i wonder how these people learn the structure so that they can contribute? lets take doctrine and symfony as an example. is there a blueprint over these frameworks to give the developers an insight of the structure? or do they just download it and study the code? how does it work? please you contributors, share your learning strategies! thanks

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  • Need help extrapolating Java code

    - by Berlioz
    If anyone familiar with Rebecca Wirfs-Brock, she has a piece of Java code found in her book titled, Object Design: Roles, Responsibilities, and Collaborations. Here is the quote Applying Double Dispatch to a Specific Problem To implement the game Rock, Paper, Scissors we need to write code that determines whether one object “beats” another. The game has nine possible outcomes based on the three kinds of objects. The number of interactions is the cross product of the kinds of objects. Case or switch statements are often governed by the type of data that is being operated on. The object-oriented language equivalent is to base its actions on the class of some other object. In Java, it looks like this Here is the piece of Java code on page 16 ' import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; public class Rock { public static void main(String args[]) { } public static boolean beats(GameObject object) { if (object.getClass.getName().equals("Rock")) { result = false; } else if (object.getClass.getName().equals("Paper")) { result = false; } else if(object.getClass.getName().equals("Scissors")) { result = true; } return result; } }' ===This is not a very good solution. First, the receiver needs to know too much about the argument. Second, there is one of these nested conditional statements in each of the three classes. If new kinds of objects could be added to the game, each of the three classes would have to be modified. Can anyone share with me how to get this "less than optimal" piece of code to work in order to see it 'working'. She proceeds to demonstrate a better way, but I will spare you. Thanks

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  • frameworks for coding a php library?

    - by ajsie
    there are plenty of frameworks for coding MVC web applications. this time im going to code a library (think of Doctrine or Solr) with a bunch of class files. u just include a bootstrap or a class file and you are ready to use my classes. i have never tried to code a library before and intend to code one for learning purpose so that i can use various design patterns i have learned. are there any great frameworks for this, how i should organize the different class files, where i can put configuration files and so on? tutorials or other information would be great too. thanks

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  • how to Clean up(destructor) a dynamic Array of pointers??

    - by Ahmed Sharara
    Is that Destructor is enough or do I have to iterate to delete the new nodes?? #include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; struct node{ int row; int col; int value; node* next_in_row; node* next_in_col; }; class MultiLinkedListSparseArray { private: char *logfile; node** rowPtr; node** colPtr; // used in constructor node* find_node(node* out); node* ins_node(node* ins,int col); node* in_node(node* ins,node* z); node* get(node* in,int row,int col); bool exist(node* so,int row,int col); //add anything you need public: MultiLinkedListSparseArray(int rows, int cols); ~MultiLinkedListSparseArray(); void setCell(int row, int col, int value); int getCell(int row, int col); void display(); void log(char *s); void dump(); }; MultiLinkedListSparseArray::MultiLinkedListSparseArray(int rows,int cols){ rowPtr=new node* [rows+1]; colPtr=new node* [cols+1]; for(int n=0;n<=rows;n++) rowPtr[n]=NULL; for(int i=0;i<=cols;i++) colPtr[i]=NULL; } MultiLinkedListSparseArray::~MultiLinkedListSparseArray(){ // is that destructor enough?? cout<<"array is deleted"<<endl; delete [] rowPtr; delete [] colPtr; }

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  • Creating an interface and swappable implementations in python

    - by Blankman
    Hi, Would it be possible to create a class interface in python and various implementations of the interface. Example: I want to create a class for pop3 access (and all methods etc.). If I go with a commercial component, I want to wrap it to adhere to a contract. In the future, if I want to use another component or code my own, I want to be able to swap things out and not have things very tightly coupled. Possible? I'm new to python.

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  • Graphic editor opensource project example on c++ underlying composite pattern

    - by G-71
    Can you tell me when I can see a some opensource project (only project on C++ language), which is simple graphic editor, ?ontaining following primitive (for example): an ellipse, a rectangle, a line. And desirable, that to be able to group this primitive in one primitive (for example, Word Grouping - Group). Composite pattern use is desirable in this project. I want to see how to organize classes, but more serious for me is to see how organize grouping operation. I searched for it on codeproject.com codeproject.com, codeplex.com, but not found this. I have already some source http://pastebin.com/xe4JF5PW But in my opinion, this code is dirty and ugly. Therefore, I want to see some opensource project for example. Thanks!

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  • Javascript: Access the right scope "under" apply(...)

    - by Chau
    This is a very old problem, but I cannot seem to get my head around the other solutions presented here. I have an object function ObjA() { var a = 1; this.methodA = function() { alert(a); } } which is instantiated like var myObjA = new ObjA(); Later on, I assign my methodA as a handler function in an external Javascript Framework, which invokes it using the apply(...) method. When the external framework executes my methodA, this belongs to the framework function invoking my method. Since I cannot change how my method is called, how do I regain access to the private variable a? My research tells me, that closures might be what I'm looking for.

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  • Is it OK to write a constructor which does nothing?

    - by Roman
    To use methods of a class I need to instantiate a class. At the moment the class has not constructor (so I want to write it). But than I have realized that the constructor should do nothing (I do need to specify values of fields). In this context I have a question if it is OK to write constructor which does nothing. For example: public Point() { }

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  • Multiple Inheritance Debates II: according to Stroutroup

    - by asksuperuser
    I know very well about the traditional arguments about why Interface Inheritance is prefered to multiple inheritance, there has been already a post here : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/191691/should-c-include-multiple-inheritance But according to Stroutroup the real reason why Microsoft and Sun decided to get rid off multiple inheritance is that they have vested interest to do so: instead of putting features in the languages, they put in frameworks so that people then become tied to their platform instead of people having the same capability at a language standard level. What do you think ?

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  • How do I organize C# classes that inherit from one another, but also have properties that inherit from one another?

    - by Chris
    I have an application that has a concept of a Venue, a place where events happen. A Venue is owned by a Company and has many VenueParts. So, it looks like this: public abstract class Venue { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public virtual Company Company { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<VenuePart> VenueParts { get; set; } } A Venue can be a GolfCourseVenue, which is a Venue that has a Slope and a specific kind of VenuePart called a HoleVenuePart: public class GolfCourseVenue { public string Slope { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<HoleVenuePart> Holes { get; set; } } In the future, there may also be other kinds of Venues that all inherit from Venue. They might add their own fields, and will always have VenueParts of their own specific type. My declarations above seem wrong, because now I have a GolfCourseVenue with two collections, when really it should just have the one. I can't override it, because the type is different, right? When I run reports, I would like to refer to the classes generically, where I just spit out Venues and VenueParts. But, when I render forms and such, I would like to be specific. I have a lot of relationships like this and am wondering what I am doing wrong. For example, I have an Order that has OrderItems, but also specific kinds of Orders that have specific kinds of OrderItems.

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  • exclude private property from print_r or object?

    - by Hailwood
    Basically I am using Code Igniter, and the Code Igniter base class is huge, when I print_r some of my objects they have the base class embedded inside them. this makes it a pain to get the information I actually wanted (the rest of the properties). So, I am wondering if there is a way I can hide, or remove the base class object? I have tried clone $object; unset($object->ci); print_r($object); but of course the ci property is private. the actual function I am using for dumping is: /** * Outputs the given variables with formatting and location. Huge props * out to Phil Sturgeon for this one (http://philsturgeon.co.uk/blog/2010/09/power-dump-php-applications). * To use, pass in any number of variables as arguments. * Optional pass in "true" as final argument to kill script after dump * * @return void */ function dump() { list($callee) = debug_backtrace(); $arguments = func_get_args(); $total_arguments = count($arguments); if (end($arguments) === true) $total_arguments--; echo '<fieldset style="background: #fefefe !important; border:2px red solid; padding:5px">'; echo '<legend style="background:lightgrey; padding:5px;">' . $callee['file'] . ' @ line: ' . $callee['line'] . '</legend><pre>'; $i = 0; foreach ($arguments as $argument) { //if the last argument is true we don't want to display it. if ($i == ($total_arguments) && $argument === true) break; echo '<br/><strong>Debug #' . (++$i) . ' of ' . $total_arguments . '</strong>: '; if ((is_array($argument) || is_object($argument)) && count($argument)) { print_r($argument); } else { var_dump($argument); } } echo '</pre>' . PHP_EOL; echo '</fieldset>' . PHP_EOL; //if the very last argument is "true" then die if (end($arguments) === true) die('Killing Script'); }

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  • Call static properties within another class in php

    - by ali A
    I have problem about calling a static property of a class inside another class. Class A { public $property; public function __construct( $prop ) { $this->property = $prop; } public function returnValue(){ return static::$this->property; } } Class B extends A { public static $property_one = 'This is first property'; public static $property_two = 'This is second property'; } $B = new B( 'property_one' ); $B->returnValue(); I expect to return This is first property But the Output is just the name a parameter input in __construct; When I print_r( static::$this->property ); the output is just property_one

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  • Java debug error

    - by ivor
    Hello, I wonder if anyone can help - I have this error showing recently when debugging in eclipse - what doe it mean by resource, an imported package or the location of some java files ? Can't find resource for bundle sun.awt.resources.awt, key AWT.EventQueueClass MissingResourceException (id =45) Thanks

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  • How can i split up a component using cfinclude and still use inheritance?

    - by rip747
    Note: this is just a simplized example of what i'm trying to do to get the idea across. The problem I'm having is that I want to use cfinclude inside cfcomponent so that i can group like methods into separate files for more manageability. The problem I'm running into is when i try to extend another component that also uses cfinclude to manage it's method as demostrated below. Note that ComponentA extends ComponentB: ComponentA ========== <cfcomponent output="false" extends="componentb"> <cfinclude template="componenta/methods.cfm"> </cfcomponent> componenta/methods.cfm ====================== <cffunction name="a"><cfreturn "componenta-a"></cffunction> <cffunction name="b"><cfreturn "componenta-b"></cffunction> <cffunction name="c"><cfreturn "componenta-c"></cffunction> <cffunction name="d"><cfreturn super.a()></cffunction> ComponentB ========== <cfcomponent output="false"> <cfinclude template="componentb/methods.cfm"> </cfcomponent> componentb/methods.cfm ====================== <cffunction name="a"><cfreturn "componentb-a"></cffunction> <cffunction name="b"><cfreturn "componentb-b"></cffunction> <cffunction name="c"><cfreturn "componentb-c"></cffunction> The issue is that when i try to initialize ComponentA I get an the error: "Routines cannot be declared more than once. The routine a has been declared twice in different templates." The whole reason for this is because when you use cfinclude it's evaluated at RUN TIME instead of COMPILE TIME. Short of moving the methods into the components themselves and eliminating the use of cfinclude, how can i get around this or does someone have a better idea splitting up large components?

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  • "Abstract static" method - how?

    - by polyglot
    There are already several SO questions on why there is not abstract static method/field as such, but I'm wondering about how one would go about implementing the following psuedo-code: class Animal { abstract static int getNumberOfLegs(); // not possible } class Chicken inherits Animal { static int getNumberOfLegs() { return 2; } class Dog inherits Animal { static int getNumberOfLegs() { return 4; } Here is the problem: Assuming that I want make sure that every class that inherits Animal to contain getNumberOfLegs() method (i.e. almost like an interface, except I do want the abstract class to implement several methods that are common to all child classes, hence pure interface does not work here). getNumberOfLegs() obviously should be a static method (assuming that in a perfect world we dont' have crippled chicken and dogs so getNumberOfLegs is not instance-dependent). Without an "abstract static" method/field, one can either leave the method out from Animal class, then there is the risk that some child class do not have that method. Or one can make getNumberOfLegs an instance method, but then one would have to instantiate a class to find out how many legs that animal has - even though it is not necessary. How do one usually go about implementing this situation?

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  • how to implement a callback in runnable to update other swing class

    - by wizztjh
    I have a thread like this public class SMS { class Read implements Runnable { Read(){ Thread th = new Thread(this); th.start(); } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub while (true){ Variant SMSAPIReturnValue = SMSAPIJava.invoke("ReadSMS"); if (SMSAPIReturnValue.getBoolean()){ String InNumber = SMSAPIJava.getPropertyAsString("MN"); String InMessage = SMSAPIJava.getPropertyAsString("MSG"); } } } } } How do I update the message to another GUI class in the same package(I understand how to put nested class to another package ....). Should I implement a callback function in SMS class? But how? Or should I pass in the Jlabel into the class?

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  • How do you determine how coarse or fine-grained a 'responsibility' should be when using the single r

    - by Mark Rogers
    In the SRP, a 'responsibility' is usually described as 'a reason to change', so that each class (or object?) should have only one reason someone should have to go in there and change it. But if you take this to the extreme fine-grain you could say that an object adding two numbers together is a responsibility and a possible reason to change. Therefore the object should contain no other logic, because it would produce another reason for change. I'm curious if there is anyone out there that has any strategies for 'scoping', the single-responsibility principle that's slightly less objective?

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  • how to make objects globally accessible?

    - by fayer
    i have this code: class IC_Core { /** * Database * @var IC_Database */ public static $db = NULL; /** * Core * @var IC_Core */ protected static $_instance = NULL; private function __construct() { } public static function getInstance() { if ( ! is_object(self::$_instance)) { self::$_instance = new self(); self::initialize(self::$_instance); } return self::$_instance; } private static function initialize(IC_Core $IC_Core) { self::$db = new IC_Database($IC_Core); } } but when i wanna access IC_Database with: $IC = IC_Core::getInstance(); $IC->db->add() // it says that its not an object. i think the problem lies in self::$db = new IC_Database($IC_Core); but i dont know how to make it work. could someone give me a hand=) thanks!

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  • How can I use Object Oriented Javascript to interact with HTML Objects

    - by Steve
    I am very new to object orientated javascript, with experience writing gui's in python and java. I am trying to create html tables that I can place in locations throughout a webpage. Each html table would have two css layouts that control if it is selected or not. I can write all of the interaction if I only have one table. It gets confusing when I have multiple tables. I am wondering how to place these tables throughout a blank webpage and then access the tables individually. I think I am having trouble understanding how inheritance and hierarchy works in javascript/html. NOTE: I am not asking how to make a table. I am trying to dynamically create multiple tables and place them throughout a webpage. Then access their css independently and change it (move them to different locations or change the way the look, independently of the other tables).

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  • Classes within classes in PHP

    - by Matt
    Can you do this in PHP? I've heard conflicting opinions: Something like: Class bar { function a_function () { echo "hi!"; } } Class foo { public $bar; function __construct() { $this->bar = new bar(); } } $x = new foo(); $x->bar->a_function(); Will this echo "hi!" or not?

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  • Who needs singletons?

    - by sexyprout
    Imagine you access your MySQL database via PDO. You got some functions, and in these functions, you need to access the database. The first thing I thought of is global, like: $db = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=toto', 'root', 'pwd'); function some_function() { global $db; $db->query('...'); } But it's considered as a bad practice. So, after a little search, I ended up with the Singleton pattern, which "applies to situations in which there needs to be a single instance of a class." According to the example of the manual, we should do this: class Database { private static $instance, $db; private function __construct(){} static function singleton() { if(!isset(self::$instance)) self::$instance = new __CLASS__; return self:$instance; } function get() { if(!isset(self::$db)) self::$db = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=toto', 'user', 'pwd') return self::$db; } } function some_function() { $db = Database::singleton(); $db->get()->query('...'); } some_function(); But I just can't understand why you need that big class when you can do it merely with: class Database { private static $db; private function __construct(){} static function get() { if(!isset(self::$rand)) self::$db = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=toto', 'user', 'pwd'); return self::$db; } } function some_function() { Database::get()->query('...'); } some_function(); This last one works perfectly and I don't need to worry about $db anymore. But maybe I'm forgetting something. So, who's wrong, who's right?

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  • can I put my sqlite connection and cursor in a function?

    - by steini
    I was thinking I'd try to make my sqlite db connection a function instead of copy/pasting the ~6 lines needed to connect and execute a query all over the place. I'd like to make it versatile so I can use the same function for create/select/insert/etc... Below is what I have tried. The 'INSERT' and 'CREATE TABLE' queries are working, but if I do a 'SELECT' query, how can I work with the values it fetches outside of the function? Usually I'd like to print the values it fetches and also do other things with them. When I do it like below I get an error Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\steini\Desktop\py\database\test3.py", line 15, in <module> for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): ProgrammingError: Cannot operate on a closed database. So I guess the connection needs to be open so I can get the values from the cursor, but I need to close it so the file isn't always locked. Here's my testing code: import sqlite3 def connection (db, arg): conn = sqlite3.connect(db) conn.execute('pragma foreign_keys = on') cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute(arg) conn.commit() conn.close() return cur connection('testdb.db', "create table users ('user', 'email')") connection('testdb.db', "insert into users ('user', 'email') values ('joey', 'foo@bar')") for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): print row How can I make this work?

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