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  • Numpy modify array in place?

    - by User
    I have the following code which is attempting to normalize the values of an m x n array (It will be used as input to a neural network, where m is the number of training examples and n is the number of features). However, when I inspect the array in the interpreter after the script runs, I see that the values are not normalized; that is, they still have the original values. I guess this is because the assignment to the array variable inside the function is only seen within the function. How can I do this normalization in place? Or do I have to return a new array from the normalize function? import numpy def normalize(array, imin = -1, imax = 1): """I = Imin + (Imax-Imin)*(D-Dmin)/(Dmax-Dmin)""" dmin = array.min() dmax = array.max() array = imin + (imax - imin)*(array - dmin)/(dmax - dmin) print array[0] def main(): array = numpy.loadtxt('test.csv', delimiter=',', skiprows=1) for column in array.T: normalize(column) return array if __name__ == "__main__": a = main()

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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • Joining different models in Django

    - by Andrew Roberts
    Let's say I have this data model: class Workflow(models.Model): ... class Command(models.Model): workflow = models.ForeignKey(Workflow) ... class Job(models.Model): command = models.ForeignKey(Command) ... Suppose somewhere I want to loop through all the Workflow objects, and for each workflow I want to loop through its Commands, and for each Command I want to loop through each Job. Is there a way to structure this with a single query? That is, I'd like Workflow.objects.all() to join in its dependent models, so I get a collection that has dependent objects already cached, so workflows[0].command_set.get() doesn't produce an additional query. Is this possible?

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  • Project design / FS layout for large django projects

    - by rcreswick
    What is the best way to layout a large django project? The tutuorials provide simple instructions for setting up apps, models, and views, but there is less information about how apps and projects should be broken down, how much sharing is allowable/necessary between apps in a typical project (obviously that is largely dependent on the project) and how/where general templates should be kept. Does anyone have examples, suggestions, and explanations as to why a certain project layout is better than another? I am particularly interested in the incorporation of large numbers of unit tests (2-5x the size of the actual code base) and string externalization / templates.

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  • django: Changing auto_id of ModelForm based form class

    - by Meilo
    Every time I create an instance of the TestForm specified below, I have to overwrite the standard id format with auto_id=True. How can this be done once only in the form class instead? Any hints are very welcome. views.py from django.forms import ModelForm from models import Test class TestForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Test def test(request): form = TestForm(auto_id=True)

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  • How to retrieve view of MultiIndex DataFrame

    - by Henry S. Harrison
    This question was inspired by this question. I had the same problem, updating a MultiIndex DataFrame by selection. The drop_level=False solution in Pandas 0.13 will allow me to achieve the same result, but I am still wondering why I cannot get a view from the MultiIndex DataFrame. In other words, why does this not work?: >>> sat = d.xs('sat', level='day', copy=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 2248, in xs raise ValueError('Cannot retrieve view (copy=False)') ValueError: Cannot retrieve view (copy=False) Of course it could be only because it is not implemented, but is there a reason? Is it somehow ambiguous or impossible to implement? Returning a view is more intuitive to me than returning a copy then later updating the original. I looked through the source and it seems this situation is checked explicitly to raise an error. Alternatively, is it possible to get the same sort of view from any of the other indexing methods? I've experimented but have not been successful. [edit] Some potential implementations are discussed here. I guess with the last question above I'm wondering what the current best solution is to index into arbitrary multiindex slices and cross-sections.

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  • Should I use fork or threads?

    - by shadyabhi
    In my script, I have a function foo which basically uses pynotify to notify user about something repeatedly after a time interval say 15 minutes. def foo: while True: """Does something""" time.sleep(900) My main script has to interact with user & does all other things so I just cant call the foo() function. directly. Whats the better way of doing it and why? Using fork or threads?

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  • Finding matching submatrics inside a matrix

    - by DaveO
    I have a 100x200 2D array expressed as a numpy array consisting of black (0) and white (255) cells. It is a bitmap file. I then have 2D shapes (it's easiest to think of them as letters) that are also 2D black and white cells. I know I can naively iterate through the matrix but this is going to be a 'hot' portion of my code so speed is an concern. Is there a fast way to perform this in numpy/scipy? I looked briefly at Scipy's correlate function. I am not interested in 'fuzzy matches', only exact matches. I also looked at some academic papers but they are above my head.

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  • Inexpensive ways to add seek to a filetype object

    - by becomingGuru
    PdfFileReader reads the content from a pdf file to create an object. I am querying the pdf from a cdn via urllib.urlopen(), this provides me a file like object, which has no seek. PdfFileReader, however uses seek. What is the simple way to create a PdfFileReader object from a pdf downloaded via url. Now, what can I do to avoid writing to disk and reading it again via file(). Thanks in advance.

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  • Django and json request

    - by Hulk
    In a template i have the following code <script> var url="/mypjt/my_timer" $.post(url, paramarr, function callbackHandler(dict) { alert('got response back'); if (dict.flag == 2) { alert('1'); $.jGrowl("Data could not be saved"); } else if(dict.ret_status == 1) { alert('2'); $.jGrowl("Data saved successfully"); window.location = "/mypjt/display/" + dict.rid; } }, "json" ); </script> In views i have the following code, def my_timer(request): dict={} try: a= timer.objects.get(pk=1) dict({'flag':1}) return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(dict), mimetype='application/javascript') except: dict({'flag':1}) return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(dict), mimetype='application/javascript') My question is since we are making a json request and in the try block ,after setting the flag ,cant we return a page directly as return render_to_response('mypjt/display.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request,{'dict': dict})) instead of sending the response, because on success again in the html page we redirect the code Also if there is a exception then only can we return the json request. My only concern is that the interaction between client and server should be minimal. Thanks..

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  • foreignkey problem

    - by realshadow
    Hey, Imagine you have this model: class Category(models.Model): node_id = models.IntegerField(primary_key = True) type_id = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) parent_id = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) sort_order = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) name = models.CharField(max_length = 45) lft = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) rgt = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) depth = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) updated_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) status = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) node = models.ForeignKey(Category_info, verbose_name = 'Category_info', to_field = 'node_id' The important part is the foreignkey. When I try: Category.objects.filter(type_id = 15, parent_id = offset, status = 1) I get an error that get returned more than category, which is fine, because it is supposed to return more than one. But I want to filter the results trough another field, which would be type id (from the second Model) Here it is: class Category_info(models.Model): objtree_label_id = models.AutoField(primary_key = True) node_id = models.IntegerField(unique = True) language_id = models.IntegerField() label = models.CharField(max_length = 255) type_id = models.IntegerField() The type_id can be any number from 1 - 5. I am desparately trying to get only one result where the type_id would be number 1. Here is what I want in sql: SELECT c.*, ci.* FROM category c JOIN category_info ci ON (c.node_id = ci.node_id) WHERE c.type_id = 15 AND c.parent_id = 50 AND ci.type_id = 1 Any help is GREATLY appreciated. Regards

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  • How to reset Scrapy parameters? (always running under same parameters)

    - by Jean Ventura
    I've been running my Scrapy project with a couple of accounts (the project scrapes a especific site that requieres login credentials), but no matter the parameters I set, it always runs with the same ones (same credentials). I'm running under virtualenv. Is there a variable or setting I'm missing? Edit: It seems that this problem is Twisted related. Even when I run: scrapy crawl -a user='user' -a password='pass' -o items.json -t json SpiderName I still get an error saying: ERROR: twisted.internet.error.ReactorNotRestartable And all the information I get, is the last 'succesful' run of the spider.

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  • basic unique ModelForm field for Google App Engine

    - by Alexander Vasiljev
    I do not care about concurrency issues. It is relatively easy to build unique form field: from django import forms class UniqueUserEmailField(forms.CharField): def clean(self, value): self.check_uniqueness(super(UniqueUserEmailField, self).clean(value)) def check_uniqueness(self, value): same_user = users.User.all().filter('email', value).get() if same_user: raise forms.ValidationError('%s already_registered' % value) so one could add users on-the-fly. Editing existing user is tricky. This field would not allow to save user having other user email. At the same time it would not allow to save a user with the same email. What code do you use to put a field with uniqueness check into ModelForm?

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  • Dropdown sorting in django-admin

    - by Andrey
    I'd like to know how can I sort values in the Django admin dropdowns. For example, I have a model called Article with a foreign key pointing to the Users model, smth like: class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(_('Title'), max_length=200) slug = models.SlugField(_('Slug'), unique_for_date='publish') author = models.ForeignKey(User) body = models.TextField(_('Body')) status = models.IntegerField(_('Status')) categories = models.ManyToManyField(Category, blank=True) publish = models.DateTimeField(_('Publish date')) I edit this model in django admin: class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('title', 'publish', 'status') list_filter = ('publish', 'categories', 'status') search_fields = ('title', 'body') prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)} admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin) and of course it makes the nice user select dropdown for me, but it's not sorted and it takes a lot of time to find a user by username.

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  • a simple smtp server

    - by fixxxer
    Could you please suggest a simple SMTP server with the very basic APIs(by very basic I mean, to read,write,delete email) that could be run on a linux box? I just need to convert the crux of the email into XML format and FTP it to another machine.

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  • asyncore callbacks launching threads... ok to do?

    - by sbartell
    I'm unfamiliar with asyncore, and have very limited knowledge of asynchronous programming except for a few intro to twisted tutorials. I am most familiar with threads and use them in all my apps. One particular app uses a couchdb database as its interface. This involves longpolling the db looking for changes and updates. The module I use for couchdb is couchdbkit. It uses an asyncore loop to watch for these changes and send them to a callback. So, I figure from this callback is where I launch my worker threads. It seems a bit crude to mix asynchronous and threaded programming. I really like couchdbkit, but would rather not introduce issues into my program. So, my question is, is it safe to fire threads from an async callback? Here's some code... {{{ def dispatch(change): global jobs, db_url # jobs is my queue db = Database(db_url) work_order = db.get(change['id']) # change is an id to the document that changed. # i need to get the actual document (workorder) worker = Worker(work_order, db) # fire the thread jobs.append[worker] worker.start() return main() . . . consumer.wait(cb=dispatch, since=update_seq, timeout=10000) #wait constains the asyncloop. }}}

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  • Simple XML over http web service

    - by Mark
    I have a simple html service, developed in django. You enter your name - it posts this, and returns a value (male/female). I need to ofer this as a web service. I have no idea where to start. I want to accept a xml request, and provide an xml response - thats it. Can anyone give ma any pointers - Googling it is difficult when you dont know what your searching for.

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  • pysvn client.log() returning empty dictionary

    - by nashr rafeeg
    i have the following script that i am using to get the log messages from svn import pysvn class svncheck(): def __init__(self, svn_root="http://10.11.25.3/svn/Moodle/modules", svn_user=None, svn_password=None): self.user = svn_user self.password = svn_password self.root = svn_root def diffrence(self): client = pysvn.Client() client.commit_info_style = 1 client.callback_notify = self.notify client.callback_get_login = self.credentials log = client.log( self.root, revision_start=pysvn.Revision( pysvn.opt_revision_kind.number, 0), revision_end=pysvn.Revision( pysvn.opt_revision_kind.number, 5829), discover_changed_paths=True, strict_node_history=True, limit=0, include_merged_revisions=False, ) print log def notify( event_dict ): print event_dict return def credentials(realm, username, may_save): return True, self.user, self.password, True s = svncheck() s.diffrence() when i run this script its returning a empty dictionary object [<PysvnLog ''>, <PysvnLog ''>, <PysvnLog ''>,.. any idea what i am doing wrong here ? i am using pysvn version 1.7.2 built again svn version 1.6.5 cheers Nash

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  • Django/jQuery - read file and pass to browser as file download prompt

    - by danspants
    I've previously asked a question regarding passing files to the browser so a user receives a download prompt. However these files were really just strings creatd at the end of a function and it was simple to pass them to an iframe's src attribute for the desired effect. Now I have a more ambitious requirement, I need to pass pre existing files of any format to the browser. I have attempted this using the following code: def return_file(request): try: bob=open(urllib.unquote(request.POST["file"]),"rb") response=HttpResponse(content=bob,mimetype="application/x-unknown") response["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=nothing.xls" return HttpResponse(response) except: return HttpResponse(sys.exc_info()) With my original setup the following jQuery was sufficient to give the desired download prompt: jQuery('#download').attr("src","/return_file/"); However this won't work anymore as I need to pass POST values to the function. my attempt to rectify that is below, but instead of a download prompt I get the file displayed as text. jQuery.get("/return_file/",{"file":"c:/filename.xls"},function(data) { jQuery(thisButton).children("iframe").attr("src",data); }); Any ideas as to where I'm going wrong? Thanks!

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  • Process Name with inotify tool

    - by Priyanka
    Hi ALl Is there a way to find out which process is causing a particular event to occur? In the inotify-tool version 3.13, in struct_kernel , pid,uid and gid are used but it is not handled in the source code. Is there any latest patch available for the same. Please let me know.

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  • How small is *too small* for an opensource project?

    - by Adam Lewis
    I have a fair number of smaller projects / libraries that I have been using over the past 2 years. I am thinking about moving them to Google Code to make it easier to share with co-workers and easier to import them into new projects on my own environments. The are things like a simple FSMs, CAN (Controller Area Network) drivers, and GPIB drivers. Most of them are small (less than 500 lines), so it makes me wonder are these types of things too small for a stand alone open-source project? Note that I would like to make it opensource because it does not give me, or my company, any real advantage.

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