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  • SQLAlchemy - SQLite for testing and Postgresql for devlopment - How to port?

    - by StackUnderflow
    I want to use sqlite memory database for all my testing and Postgresql for my development/production server. But the SQL syntax is not same in both dbs. for ex: SQLite has autoincrement, and Postgresql has serial Is it easy to port the SQL script from sqlite to postgresql... what are your solutions? If you want me to use standard SQL, how should I go about generating primary key in both the databases?

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  • Numpy modify array in place?

    - by User
    I have the following code which is attempting to normalize the values of an m x n array (It will be used as input to a neural network, where m is the number of training examples and n is the number of features). However, when I inspect the array in the interpreter after the script runs, I see that the values are not normalized; that is, they still have the original values. I guess this is because the assignment to the array variable inside the function is only seen within the function. How can I do this normalization in place? Or do I have to return a new array from the normalize function? import numpy def normalize(array, imin = -1, imax = 1): """I = Imin + (Imax-Imin)*(D-Dmin)/(Dmax-Dmin)""" dmin = array.min() dmax = array.max() array = imin + (imax - imin)*(array - dmin)/(dmax - dmin) print array[0] def main(): array = numpy.loadtxt('test.csv', delimiter=',', skiprows=1) for column in array.T: normalize(column) return array if __name__ == "__main__": a = main()

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  • Why does my buffered GraphicsContext application have a flickering problem?

    - by Bibendum
    import wx class MainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent,title): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title=title, size=(640,480)) self.mainPanel=DoubleBufferTest(self,-1) self.Show(True) class DoubleBufferTest(wx.Panel): def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1): wx.Panel.__init__(self,parent,id,style=wx.FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE) self.SetBackgroundColour("#FFFFFF") self.timer = wx.Timer(self) self.timer.Start(100) self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.update, self.timer) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self.onPaint) def onPaint(self,event): event.Skip() dc = wx.MemoryDC() dc.SelectObject(wx.EmptyBitmap(640, 480)) gc = wx.GraphicsContext.Create(dc) gc.PushState() gc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("#CFCFCF")) bgRect=gc.CreatePath() bgRect.AddRectangle(0,0,640,480) gc.FillPath(bgRect) gc.PopState() dc2=wx.PaintDC(self) dc2.Blit(0,0,640,480,dc,0,0) def update(self,event): self.Refresh() app = wx.App(False) f=MainFrame(None,"Test") app.MainLoop() I've come up with this code to draw double buffered GraphicsContext content onto a panel, but there's a constant flickering across the window. I've tried different kinds of paths, like lines and curves but it's still there and I don't know what's causing it.

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  • How to extend models of other applications in Django?

    - by culebrón
    I have a small app with Category model and want to make a required foreign key referencing it from Photologue Gallery model. What's the right approach? I can make many-to-many field in Category, but this way it will not be required in Gallery. Use "register" and modify the Gallery model? Inherit it in my app?

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  • Trouble with encoding and urllib

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I'm loading web-page using urllib. Ther eis russian symbols, but page encoding is 'utf-8' 1 pageData = unicode(requestHandler.read()).decode('utf-8') UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 262: ordinal not in range(128) 2 pageData = requestHandler.read() soupHandler = BeautifulSoup(pageData) print soupHandler.findAll(...) UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 340-345: ordinal not in range(128)

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  • a simple smtp server

    - by fixxxer
    Could you please suggest a simple SMTP server with the very basic APIs(by very basic I mean, to read,write,delete email) that could be run on a linux box? I just need to convert the crux of the email into XML format and FTP it to another machine.

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  • Form (or Formset?) to handle multiple table rows in Django

    - by Ben
    Hi, I'm working on my first Django application. In short, what it needs to do is to display a list of film titles, and allow users to give a rating (out of 10) to each film. I've been able to use the {{ form }} and {{ formset }} syntax in a template to produce a form which lets you rate one film at a time, which corresponds to one row in a MySQL table, but how do I produce a form that iterates over all the movie titles in the database and produces a form that lets you rate lots of them at once? At first, I thought this was what formsets were for, but I can't see any way to automatically iterate over the contents of a database table to produce items to go in the form, if you see what I mean. Currently, my views.py has this code: def survey(request): ScoreFormSet = formset_factory(ScoreForm) if request.method == 'POST': formset = ScoreFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES) if formset.is_valid(): return HttpResponseRedirect('/') else: formset = ScoreFormSet() return render_to_response('cf/survey.html', { 'formset':formset, }) And my survey.html has this: <form action="/survey/" method="POST"> <table> {{ formset }} </table> <input type = "submit" value = "Submit"> </form> Oh, and the definition of ScoreForm and Score from models.py are: class Score(models.Model): movie = models.ForeignKey(Movie) score = models.IntegerField() user = models.ForeignKey(User) class ScoreForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Score So, in case the above is not clear, what I'm aiming to produce is a form which has one row per movie, and each row shows a title, and has a box to allow the user to enter their score. If anyone can point me at the right sort of approach to this, I'd be most grateful. Thanks, Ben

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  • How to get bit rotation function to accept any bit size?

    - by calccrypto
    i have these 2 functions i got from some other code def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (32 - n)) def ROL(x, n): return ROR(x, 32 - n) and i wanted to use them in a program, where 16 bit rotations are required. however, there are also other functions that require 32 bit rotations, so i wanted to leave the 32 in the equation, so i got: def ROR(x, n, bits = 32): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (bits - n)) def ROL(x, n, bits = 32): return ROR(x, bits - n) however, the answers came out wrong when i tested this set out. yet, the values came out correctly when the code is def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (16 - n)) def ROL(x, n,bits): return ROR(x, 16 - n) what is going on and how do i fix this?

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  • SQLAlchemy - relationship limited on more than just the foreign key

    - by Marian
    I have a wiki db layout with Page and Revisions. Each Revision has a page_id referencing the Page, a page relationship to the referenced page; each Page has a all_revisions relationship to all its revisions. So far so common. But I want to implement different epochs for the pages: If a page was deleted and is recreated, the new revisions have a new epoch. To help find the correct revisions, each page has a current_epoch field. Now I want to provide a revisions relation on the page that only contains its revisions, but only those where the epochs match. This is what I've tried: revisions = relationship('Revision', primaryjoin = and_( 'Page.id == Revision.page_id', 'Page.current_epoch == Revision.epoch', ), foreign_keys=['Page.id', 'Page.current_epoch'] ) Full code (you may run that as it is) However this always raises ArgumentError: Could not determine relationship direction for primaryjoin condition ...`, I've tried all I had come to mind, it didn't work. What am I doing wrong? Is this a bad approach for doing this, how could it be done other than with a relationship?

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  • How to set the size of a wx.aui.AuiManager Pane that is centered?

    - by aF
    Hello, I have three panes with the InfoPane center option. I want to know how to set their size. Using this code: import wx import wx.aui class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, id=-1, title='wx.aui Test', pos=wx.DefaultPosition, size=(800, 600), style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, pos, size, style) self._mgr = wx.aui.AuiManager(self) # create several text controls text1 = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, 'Pane 1 - sample text', wx.DefaultPosition, wx.Size(200,150), wx.NO_BORDER | wx.TE_MULTILINE) text2 = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, 'Pane 2 - sample text', wx.DefaultPosition, wx.Size(200,150), wx.NO_BORDER | wx.TE_MULTILINE) text3 = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, 'Main content window', wx.DefaultPosition, wx.Size(200,150), wx.NO_BORDER | wx.TE_MULTILINE) # add the panes to the manager self._mgr.AddPane(text1, wx.CENTER) self._mgr.AddPane(text2, wx.CENTER) self._mgr.AddPane(text3, wx.CENTER) # tell the manager to 'commit' all the changes just made self._mgr.Update() self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose) def OnClose(self, event): # deinitialize the frame manager self._mgr.UnInit() # delete the frame self.Destroy() app = wx.App() frame = MyFrame(None) frame.Show() app.MainLoop() I want to know what is called when we change the size of the panes. If you tell me that, I can do the rest by myself :)

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  • Multiprocessing Bomb

    - by iKarampa
    I was working the following example from Doug Hellmann tutorial on multiprocessing: import multiprocessing def worker(): """worker function""" print 'Worker' return if __name__ == '__main__': jobs = [] for i in range(5): p = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker) jobs.append(p) p.start() When I tried to run it outside the if statement: import multiprocessing def worker(): """worker function""" print 'Worker' jobs = [] for i in range(5): p = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker) jobs.append(p) p.start() It started spawning processes non-stop, without any way of to terminating it. Why would that happen? Why it did not generate 5 processes and exit? Why do I need the if statement?

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  • Finding matching submatrics inside a matrix

    - by DaveO
    I have a 100x200 2D array expressed as a numpy array consisting of black (0) and white (255) cells. It is a bitmap file. I then have 2D shapes (it's easiest to think of them as letters) that are also 2D black and white cells. I know I can naively iterate through the matrix but this is going to be a 'hot' portion of my code so speed is an concern. Is there a fast way to perform this in numpy/scipy? I looked briefly at Scipy's correlate function. I am not interested in 'fuzzy matches', only exact matches. I also looked at some academic papers but they are above my head.

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  • Qt/PyQt dialog with toggable fullscreen mode - problem on Windows

    - by Guard
    I have a dialog created in PyQt. It's purpose and functionality don't matter. The init is: class MyDialog(QWidget, ui_module.Ui_Dialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MyDialog, self).__init__(parent) self.setupUi(self) self.installEventFilter(self) self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Dialog | Qt.WindowTitleHint) self.showMaximized() Then I have event filtering method: def eventFilter(self, obj, event): if event.type() == QEvent.KeyPress: key = event.key() if key == Qt.Key_F11: if self.isFullScreen(): self.setWindowFlags(self._flags) if self._state == 'm': self.showMaximized() else: self.showNormal() self.setGeometry(self._geometry) else: self._state = 'm' if self.isMaximized() else 'n' self._flags = self.windowFlags() self._geometry = self.geometry() self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Tool | Qt.FramelessWindowHint) self.showFullScreen() return True elif key == Qt.Key_Escape: self.close() return QWidget.eventFilter(self, obj, event) As can be seen, Esc is used for dialog hiding, and F11 is used for toggling full-screen. In addition, if the user changed the dialog mode from the initial maximized to normal and possibly moved the dialog, it's state and position are restored after exiting the full-screen. Finally, the dialog is created on the MainWindow action triggered: d = MyDialog(self) d.show() It works fine on Linux (Ubuntu Lucid), but quite strange on Windows 7: if I go to the full-screen from the maximized mode, I can't exit full-screen (on F11 dialog disappears and appears in full-screen mode again. If I change the dialog's mode to Normal (by double-clicking its title), then go to full-screen and then return back, the dialog is shown in the normal mode, in the correct position, but without the title line. Most probably the reason for both cases is the same - the setWindowFlags doesn't work. But why? Is it also possible that it is the bug in the recent PyQt version? On Ubuntu I have 4.6.x from apt, and on Windows - the latest installer from the riverbank site.

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  • Am I mocking this helper function right in my Django test?

    - by CppLearner
    lib.py from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse def render_reverse(f, kwargs): """ kwargs is a dictionary, usually of the form {'args': [cbid]} """ return reverse(f, **kwargs) tests.py from lib import render_reverse, print_ls class LibTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_render_reverse_is_correct(self): #with patch('webclient.apps.codebundles.lib.reverse') as mock_reverse: with patch('django.core.urlresolvers.reverse') as mock_reverse: from lib import render_reverse mock_f = MagicMock(name='f', return_value='dummy_views') mock_kwargs = MagicMock(name='kwargs',return_value={'args':['123']}) mock_reverse.return_value = '/natrium/cb/details/123' response = render_reverse(mock_f(), mock_kwargs()) self.assertTrue('/natrium/cb/details/' in response) But instead, I get File "/var/lib/graphyte-webclient/graphyte-webenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 296, in reverse "arguments '%s' not found." % (lookup_view_s, args, kwargs)) NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'dummy_readfile' with arguments '('123',)' and keyword arguments '{}' not found. Why is it calling reverse instead of my mock_reverse (it is looking up my urls.py!!) The author of Mock library Michael Foord did a video cast here (around 9:17), and in the example he passed the mock object request to the view function index. Furthermore, he patched POll and assigned an expected return value. Isn't that what I am doing here? I patched reverse? Thanks.

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  • Most efficient way to update attribute of one instance

    - by Begbie00
    Hi all - I'm creating an arbitrary number of instances (using for loops and ranges). At some event in the future, I need to change an attribute for only one of the instances. What's the best way to do this? Right now, I'm doing the following: 1) Manage the instances in a list. 2) Iterate through the list to find a key value. 3) Once I find the right object within the list (i.e. key value = value I'm looking for), change whatever attribute I need to change. for Instance within ListofInstances: if Instance.KeyValue == SearchValue: Instance.AttributeToChange = 10 This feels really inefficient: I'm basically iterating over the entire list of instances, even through I only need to change an attribute in one of them. Should I be storing the Instance references in a structure more suitable for random access (e.g. dictionary with KeyValue as the dictionary key?) Is a dictionary any more efficient in this case? Should I be using something else? Thanks, Mike

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  • I get a 400 Bad Request error while using django-piston

    - by Cheezo
    Hello, I am trying to use Piston to provide REST support to Django. I have implemented my handlers as per the documentation provided . The problem is that i can "read" and "delete" my resource but i cannot "create" or "update". Each time i hit the relevant api i get a 400 Bad request Error. I have extended the Resource class for csrf by using this commonly available code snippet: class CsrfExemptResource(Resource): """A Custom Resource that is csrf exempt""" def init(self, handler, authentication=None): super(CsrfExemptResource, self).init(handler, authentication) self.csrf_exempt = getattr(self.handler, 'csrf_exempt', True) My class (code snippet) looks like this: user_resource = CsrfExemptResource(User) class User(BaseHandler): allowed_methods = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') @require_extended def create(self, request): email = request.GET['email'] password = request.GET['password'] phoneNumber = request.GET['phoneNumber'] firstName = request.GET['firstName'] lastName = request.GET['lastName'] self.createNewUser(self, email,password,phoneNumber,firstName,lastName) return rc.CREATED Please let me know how can i get the create method to work using the POST operation?

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  • Dynamically add items to Tkinter Canvas

    - by nick369
    I'm attempting to learn Tkinter with the goal of being able to create a 'real-time' scope to plot data. As a test, I'm trying to draw a polygon on the canvas every time the 'draw' button is pressed. The triangle position is randomized. I have two problems: There is a triangle on the canvas as soon as the program starts, why and how do I fix this? It doesn't draw any triangles when I press the button, at least none that I can see. CODE from Tkinter import * from random import randint class App: def __init__(self,master): #frame = Frame(master) #frame.pack(side = LEFT) self.plotspc = Canvas(master,height = 100, width = 200, bg = "white") self.plotspc.grid(row=0,column = 2, rowspan = 5) self.button = Button(master, text = "Quit", fg = "red", \ command = master.quit) self.button.grid(row=0,column=0) self.drawbutton = Button(master, text = "Draw", command = \ self.pt([50,50])) self.drawbutton.grid(row = 0, column = 1) def pt(self, coords): coords[0] = coords[0] + randint(-20,20) coords[1] = coords[1] + randint(-20,20) x = (0,5,10) y = (0,10,0) xp = [coords[0] + xv for xv in x] yp = [coords[1] + yv for yv in y] ptf = zip(xp,yp) self.plotspc.create_polygon(*ptf) if _name_ == "_main_": root = Tk() app = App(root) root.mainloop() The code is formatting strangely within the code tags, I have no idea how to fix this.

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  • problem with pasting image over lines in wx DC

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello .. i have the same code as wx Doodle pad in the wx demos i added a tool to paste images from the clipboard to the pad. using wx.DrawBitmap() function , but whenever i refresh the buffer .and call funtions ( drawSavedLines and drawSavedBitmap) it keeps putting bitmap above line no matter what i did even if i called draw bitmap first and then draw lines . is there anyway to put a line above the bitmap ? please inform me if i miss anything thanx in advance

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  • django: Changing auto_id of ModelForm based form class

    - by Meilo
    Every time I create an instance of the TestForm specified below, I have to overwrite the standard id format with auto_id=True. How can this be done once only in the form class instead? Any hints are very welcome. views.py from django.forms import ModelForm from models import Test class TestForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Test def test(request): form = TestForm(auto_id=True)

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  • redefine __and__ operator

    - by wiso
    Why I can't redefine the __and__ operator? class Cut(object): def __init__(self, cut): self.cut = cut def __and__(self, other): return Cut("(" + self.cut + ") && (" + other.cut + ")") a = Cut("a>0") b = cut("b>0") c = a and b print c.cut() I want (a>0) && (b>0), but I got b, that the usual behaviour of and

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  • How can I draw a log-normalized imshow plot with a colorbar representing the raw data in matplotlib

    - by Adam Fraser
    I'm using matplotlib to plot log-normalized images but I would like the original raw image data to be represented in the colorbar rather than the [0-1] interval. I get the feeling there's a more matplotlib'y way of doing this by using some sort of normalization object and not transforming the data beforehand... in any case, there could be negative values in the raw image. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np def log_transform(im): '''returns log(image) scaled to the interval [0,1]''' try: (min, max) = (im[im > 0].min(), im.max()) if (max > min) and (max > 0): return (np.log(im.clip(min, max)) - np.log(min)) / (np.log(max) - np.log(min)) except: pass return im a = np.ones((100,100)) for i in range(100): a[i] = i f = plt.figure() ax = f.add_subplot(111) res = ax.imshow(log_transform(a)) # the colorbar drawn shows [0-1], but I want to see [0-99] cb = f.colorbar(res) I've tried using cb.set_array, but that didn't appear to do anything, and cb.set_clim, but that rescales the colors completely. Thanks in advance for any help :)

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