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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • What does the C++ compiler error "looks like a function definition, but there is no parameter list;"

    - by SkyBoxer
    #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int main { int num1, num2; ifstream infile; ostream outfile; infile.open("input.dat"); outfile.open("output.dat"); infile >> num 1 >> num 2; outfile << "Sum = " << num1 + num2 << endl; infile.close() outfile.close() return 0; } This is what I did and when I compile it, I got this error that said error C2470: 'main' : looks like a function definition, but there is no parameter list; skipping apparent body Please don't hate me :( I am new at this computer science....

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  • PHP array of object(stdClass) fusion/intersect?

    - by Gremo
    $arr1 is an associative array of anonymus objects: array 15898 => object(stdClass)[8] public 'date' => int $arr2 is another associative array with two (or more, it's not fixed) properties: array 15898 => object(stdClass)[10] public 'fruits' public 'drinks' I can't find any function for intersect and content fusion when dealing with objects. Basically i'd like to obtain: array 15898 => object(stdClass)[8] public 'date' => int public 'fruits' public 'drinks' Question is: is this even possible?

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  • SQL CREATE TABLE Error

    - by Adam M-W
    Hi, I've been stuck on this one simple(ish) thing for the last 1/2 hour so I thought I might try to get a quick answer here. What exactly is incorrect about my SQL syntax, assuming I'm using mysql 5.1 CREATE TABLE 'users' ( 'id' MEDIUMINT(8) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, 'username' VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, 'password' VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, 'salt' VARCHAR(40) DEFAULT NULL, 'email' VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, 'created_on' INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, 'last_login' INT(11) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, 'active' TINYINT(1) UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL, ) ENGINE InnoDB; Also, does anyone have any good tutorials about how to use Zend_Auth for complete noobs? Thanks.

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  • Can a process have two pid's?

    - by limp_chimp
    I'm studying computer systems and I've made this very simple function which uses fork() to create a child process. fork() returns a pid_t that is 0 if it's a child process. But calling the getpid() function within this child process returns a different, nonzero pid. In the code I have below, is newPid only meaningful in the context of the program, and not to the operating system? Is it possibly only a relative value, measured against the pid of the parent? #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdlib.h> void unixError(char* msg) { printf("%s: %s\n", msg, strerror(errno)); exit(0); } pid_t Fork() { pid_t pid; if ((pid = fork()) < 0) unixError("Fork error"); return pid; } int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { pid_t thisPid, parentPid, newPid; int count = 0; thisPid = getpid(); parentPid = getppid(); printf("thisPid = %d, parent pid = %d\n", thisPid, parentPid); if ((newPid = Fork()) == 0) { count++; printf("I am teh child. My pid is %d, my other pid is %d\n", getpid(), newPid); exit(0); } printf("I am the parent. My pid is %d\n", thisPid); return 0; } Output: thisPid = 30050, parent pid = 30049 I am the parent. My pid is 30050 I am teh child. My pid is 30052, my other pid is 0 Lastly, why is the child's pid 2 higher than the parent's, and not 1? The difference between the main function's pid and its parent is 1, but when we create a child it increments the pid by 2. Why is that?

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  • Creating objects makes the VM faster?

    - by Sudhir Jonathan
    Look at this piece of code: MessageParser parser = new MessageParser(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { parser.parse(plainMessage, user); } For some reason, it runs SLOWER (by about 100ms) than for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { MessageParser parser = new MessageParser(); parser.parse(plainMessage, user); } Any ideas why? The tests were repeated a lot of times, so it wasn't just random. How could creating an object 10000 times be faster than creating it once?

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  • C++ and C#, "Casting" Functions to Delegates, What's the scoop?

    - by Jacob G
    In C# 2.0, I can do the following: public class MyClass { delegate void MyDelegate(int myParam); public MyClass(OtherObject obj) { //THIS IS THE IMPORTANT PART obj.SomeCollection.Add((MyDelegate)MyFunction); } private void MyFunction(int myParam); { //... } } Trying to implement the same thing in C++, it appears I have to do: MyDelegate del = gcnew MyDelegate(this, MyFunction); obj-SomeCollection-Add(del); Obviously I can create a new instance of the delegate in C# as well instead of what's going on up there. Is there some kind of magic going on in the C# world that doesn't exist in C++ that allows that cast to work? Some kind of magic anonymous delegate? Thanks.

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  • Value from UISlider method?

    - by fuzzygoat
    Can anyone point me in the right direction regarding sliders, the version below was my first attempt (the range is 0.0 - 100.0) The results I get are not right. // Version 1.0 -(IBAction)sliderMoved:(id)sender { NSLog(@"SliderValue ... %d",(int)[sender value]); } // OUTPUT: // [1845:207] SliderMoved ... -1.991753 // [1845:207] SliderMoved ... 0.000000 // [1845:207] SliderMoved ... 0.000000 // [1845:207] SliderMoved ... 32768.000435 With the version below I get the values I expect, what am I missing in version_001? // Version 2.0 -(IBAction)sliderMoved:(UISlider *)sender { NSLog(@"SliderValue ... %d",(int)[sender value]); } // OUTPUT: // [1914:207] SliderMoved ... 1 // [1914:207] SliderMoved ... 2 // [1914:207] SliderMoved ... 3 // [1914:207] SliderMoved ... 4 cheers Gary

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  • maximum of given function

    - by davit-datuashvili
    first of all i am doing programs in java language this code is merely taken from web site i have not question about divide and conqurer but about function and it's argument here is code of ternary search def ternarySearch(f, left, right, absolutePrecision): #left and right are the current bounds; the maximum is between them if (right - left) < absolutePrecision: return (left + right)/2 leftThird = (2*left + right)/3 rightThird = (left + 2*right)/3 if f(leftThird) < f(rightThird): return ternarySearch(f, leftThird, right, absolutePrecision) return ternarySearch(f, left, rightThird, absolutePrecision) i am not asking once again how implement it in java i am asking for example how define function?for example let y=x^+3 yes we can determine it as public static int y(int x){ return x*x+3; } but here return ternarySearch(f, leftThird, right, absolutePrecision) function f does not have argument and how do such?please help me

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  • Getting information from an XML object in PHP

    - by errata
    Hi! I am using some XML parser to get some information from API, blah blah... :) In one place in my script, I need to convert string to int but I'm not sure how... Here is my object: object(parserXMLElement)#45 (4) { ["name:private"]=> string(7) "balance" ["data:private"]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#46 (1) { [0]=> string(12) "11426.46" } ["children:private"]=> NULL ["rows:private"]=> NULL } I need to have this string "11426.46" stored in some var as integer. When I echo $parsed->result->balance I get that string, but if I want to cast it as int, the result is: 1. Please help! Thanks a lot!

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  • C# private (hidden) base class

    - by Loadmaster
    It is possible to make a C# base class accessible only within the library assembly it's compiled into, while making other subclasses that inherit from it public? For example: using System.IO; class BaseOutput: Stream // Hidden base class { protected BaseOutput(Stream o) { ... } ...lots of common methods... } public class MyOutput: BaseOutput // Public subclass { public BaseOutput(Stream o): base(o) { ... } public override int Write(int b) { ... } } Here I'd like the BaseOutput class to be inaccessible to clients of my library, but allow the subclass MyOutput to be completely public. I know that C# does not allow base classes to have more restrictive access than subclasses, but is there some other legal way of achieving the same effect?

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  • MySQL::Eliminating redundant elements from a table?

    - by Legend
    I have a table like this: +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | v1 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | | v2 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ There is a tremendous amount of duplication in this table. For instance, elements like the following: +------+------+ | v1 | v2 | +------+------+ | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 3 | | 1 | 4 | | 1 | 5 | | 1 | 6 | | 1 | 7 | | 1 | 8 | | 1 | 9 | | 2 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 1 | | 7 | 1 | | 8 | 1 | | 9 | 1 | +------+------+ The table is large with 1540000 entries. To remove the redundant entries (i.e. to get a table having only (1,9) and no (9,1) entries), I was thinking of doing it with a subquery but is there a better way of doing this?

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  • How can I copy one map into another using std::copy?

    - by Frank
    I would like to copy the content of one std::map into another. Can I use std::copy for that? Obviously, the following code won't work: int main() { typedef std::map<int,double> Map; Map m1; m1[3] = 0.3; m1[5] = 0.5; Map m2; m2[1] = 0.1; std::copy(m1.begin(), m1.end(), m2.begin()); return 0; } Is there any way to make it work with std::copy? Thanks!

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  • Method sscanf() ambiguous behavior

    - by Carmen Cojocaru
    I am trying to understand how sscanf() works. I ran some examples from this page: http://docs.roxen.com/pike/7.0/tutorial/strings/sscanf.xml and they don't work on my platform. I can't understand why. For instance: "sscanf("4711bar", "%d%s", a, b);" makes the program exit with an error... Here is one of the examples that work: "sscanf("foo", "f%s", a);". Does anybody know why? Do they work on your platforms? Thank you. This is my code: int main(void){ char *b = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*100); int a = 0; sscanf("4711bar", "%d%s", a, b); printf("%d", a); printf("%s", b); }

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  • afterTransactionCompletion not working

    - by Attilah
    I created an hibernate interceptor : public class MyInterceptor extends EmptyInterceptor { private boolean isCanal=false; public boolean onSave(Object entity, Serializable arg1, Object[] arg2, String[] arg3, Type[] arg4) throws CallbackException { for(int i=0;i<100;i++){ System.out.println("Inside MyInterceptor(onSave) : "+entity.toString()); } if(entity instanceof Canal){ isCanal=true; } return false; } public void afterTransactionCompletion(Transaction tx){ if(tx.wasCommitted()&&(isCanal)){ for(int i=0;i<100;i++){ System.out.println("Inside MyInterceptor(afterTransactionCompletion) : Canal was saved to DB."); } } } but the method afterTransactionCompletion doesn't get executed after a transaction is commited. I've tried all the ways I know of but I can't make it work. What's more surprising is that the onSave method works fine. Help ! Could this be due to this bug ? : http://opensource.atlassian.com/projects/hibernate/browse/HHH-1956 How can I circumvent this bug if it's the cause ?

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  • Custom Control Overriding Command Button

    - by pm_2
    I am trying to create a custom command button that defaults width and height to specific settings. I have the following code: public partial class myCommandButton : Button { public magCommandButton() { InitializeComponent(); } [DefaultValue(840)] public override int Width { get { return base.Width; } set { base.Width = value; } } [DefaultValue(340)] public override int Height { get { return base.Height; } set { base.Height = value; } } protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe) { base.OnPaint(pe); } } However, it won't compile because it tells me that I can not override Width or Height. Can anyone tell me if I'm approaching this wrongly, or if there's a way around this?

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  • Android: Prompt user to save changes when Back button is pressed

    - by chriskopec
    I have an activity that contains several user editable items (an EditText field, RatingBar, etc). I'd like to prompt the user if the back/home button is pressed and changes have been made that have not yet been saved. After reading through the android documentation, it seems like this piece of code should go in the onPause method. I've tried putting an AlertDialog in the onPause however the dialog gets shown and then immediately tears down because nothing is there to block the pause from completing. This is what I've come up with so far: @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); AlertDialog ad = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setMessage( R.string.rating_exit_message).setTitle( R.string.rating_exit_title).setCancelable(false) .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) { // User selects OK, save changes to db } }).setNeutralButton(android.R.string.cancel, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) { // User selects Cancel, discard all changes } }).show(); } Am I on the right track or is there another way to accomplish what I'm trying to do here? Any help would be great!

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  • C Struct : typedef Doubt !

    - by Mahesh
    In the given code snippet, I expected the error symbol Record not found. But it compiled and ran fine on Visual Studio 2010 Compiler. I ran it as a C program from Visual Studio 2010 Command Prompt in the manner - cl Record.c Record Now the doubt is, doesn't typedef check for symbols ? Does it work more like a forward declaration ? #include "stdio.h" #include "conio.h" typedef struct Record R; struct Record { int a; }; int main() { R obj = {10}; getch(); return 0; }

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  • Validating primitive types in ASP.NET MVC

    - by Alex
    I've implemented the following classes to validate data public abstract class Validated { public bool IsValid { get { return (GetRuleViolations().Count() == 0); } } public abstract IEnumerable<RuleViolation> GetRuleViolations(); } public partial class User: Validated { public override IEnumerable<RuleViolation> GetRuleViolations() { if (this.Age < 1) yield return new RuleViolation("Age can't be less than 1"); } } It works great! When the form is submitted I just do if (user.IsValid == false) blah... But I still need to validate that the Age is an integer int a = 0; if (!int.TryParse(age, out a)) { error = "Not integer"; // ... } How can I move this to my model?

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  • Calling different functions depending on the template parameter c++

    - by Noman Javed
    I want to have something like that class A { public: Array& operator()() { . . . } }; class B { public: Element& operator[](int i) { ... } }; template<class T> class execute { public: output_type = operator()(T& t) { if(T == A) Array out = T()(); else { Array res; for(int i=0 ; i < length; ++i) a[i] = t[i]; } } }; There are two issues here 1. Meta-function replacing if-else in the execute operator() 2. Return type of execute operator() Thanks in anticipation Noman

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  • How to clear all activity in android?

    - by Sushant
    I have one main activity "Dashboard" with a action bar containing home screen icon and exit button , i go to activity A -activity B -activity C from dashboard screen . Now on C, i click on action bar dashboard icon which bring to me on Dashboard screen . Now i go to activity E -activity G-activity H from dashboard screen . From H i press exit button , it come to C screen . When again click on exit i go through me out of application. Why there is need to press 2 times exit button for exit application . On Home Screen Icon :- public void onClickHome(View view){ final Intent intent = new Intent(getBaseContext(), Dashboard.class); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP); getBaseContext().startActivity(intent); //goDashboard(); } ON exit button :- AlertDialog.Builder alert = new AlertDialog.Builder(this); alert.setTitle(getString(R.string.logoutDialogTitle)); alert.setMessage(getString(R.string.logoutDialogMessage)); final OnlineBookApp app = (OnlineBookApp) getApplicationContext(); alert.setPositiveButton(getString(R.string.logoutDialogCancel), new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) { } }); alert.setNegativeButton(getString(R.string.logoutDialogOk), new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) { //finish(); //stopService(new Intent(getBaseContext(), DatabaseSyncService.class)); // // moveTaskToBack(true); //// stopService(new Intent(getBaseContext(), DatabaseSyncService.class)); // System.runFinalizersOnExit(true); // android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid()); //moveTaskToBack(true); // finish(); // app.SetIsExit(true); Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), Dashboard.class); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP); intent.putExtra("EXIT", true); startActivity(intent); } }); alert.setNeutralButton(getString(R.string.logoutDialogLogout), new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) { //finish(); //stopService(new Intent(getBaseContext(), DatabaseSyncService.class)); //finish(); //app.SetIsExit(true); //stopService(new Intent(getBaseContext(), DatabaseSyncService.class)); app.logout(); Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), Dashboard.class); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP); intent.putExtra("EXIT", true); startActivity(intent); } }); alert.show();

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  • Is it a good idea to define a variable in a local block for a case of a switch statement?

    - by Paperflyer
    I have a rather long switch-case statement. Some of the cases are really short and trivial. A few are longer and need some variables that are never used anywhere else, like this: switch (action) { case kSimpleAction: // Do something simple break; case kComplexAction: { int specialVariable = 5; // Do something complex with specialVariable } break; } The alternative would be to declare that variable before going into the switch like this: int specialVariable = 5; switch (action) { case kSimpleAction: // Do something simple break; case kComplexAction: // Do something complex with specialVariable break; } This can get rather confusing since it is not clear to which case the variable belongs and it uses some unnecessary memory. However, I have never seen this usage anywhere else. Do you think it is a good idea to declare variables locally in a block for a single case?

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  • Prevent duplicate rows with all non-unique columns (only with MySQL)?

    - by letseatfood
    Ho do I prevent a duplicate row from being created in a table with two columns, neither of which are unique? And can this be done using MySQL only, or does it require checks with my PHP script? Here is the CREATE query for the table in question (two other tables exist, users and roles): CREATE TABLE users_roles ( user_id INT(100) NOT NULL, role_id INT(100) NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id), FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(role_id) ) ENGINE = INNODB; I would like the following query, if executed more than once, to throw an error: INSERT INTO users_roles (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 2); Please do not recommend bitmasks as an answer. Thanks!

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  • C# Nullable Type question

    - by TatMing
    for example: int? taxid; if (ddlProductTax.SelectedValue == "") { taxid = null; } else { taxid = Convert.ToInt32(ddlProductTax.SelectedValue); } //Correct But int? taxid; taxid = (ddlProductTax.SelectedValue == "" ? null : Convert.ToInt32(ddlProductTax.SelectedValue)); //Error It error say and int32 cannot implicit convert. The ( ? truepart : falsepart); is not short of (if ..else..) ?

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