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  • Pathfinding results in false path costs that are too high

    - by user2144536
    I'm trying to implement pathfinding in a game I'm programming using this method. I'm implementing it with recursion but some of the values after the immediate circle of tiles around the player are way off. For some reason I cannot find the problem with it. This is a screen cap of the problem: The pathfinding values are displayed in the center of every tile. Clipped blocks are displayed with the value of 'c' because the values were too high and were covering up the next value. The red circle is the first value that is incorrect. The code below is the recursive method. //tileX is the coordinates of the current tile, val is the current pathfinding value, used[][] is a boolean //array to keep track of which tiles' values have already been assigned public void pathFind(int tileX, int tileY, int val, boolean[][] used) { //increment pathfinding value int curVal = val + 1; //set current tile to true if it hasn't been already used[tileX][tileY] = true; //booleans to know which tiles the recursive call needs to be used on boolean topLeftUsed = false, topUsed = false, topRightUsed = false, leftUsed = false, rightUsed = false, botomLeftUsed = false, botomUsed = false, botomRightUsed = false; //set value of top left tile if necessary if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY - 1 >= 0) { //isClipped(int x, int y) returns true if the coordinates givin are in a tile that can't be walked through (IE walls) //occupied[][] is an array that keeps track of which tiles have an enemy in them // //if the tile is not clipped and not occupied set the pathfinding value if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] == false && !(used[tileX - 1][tileY - 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = curVal; topLeftUsed = true; used[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = true; } //if it is occupied set it to an arbitrary high number so enemies find alternate routes if the best is clogged if(occupied[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = 1000000000; //if it is clipped set it to an arbitrary higher number so enemies don't travel through walls if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY - 1] = 2000000000; } //top middle if(tileY - 1 >= 0 ) { if(isClipped(tileX * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX][tileY - 1] == false && !(used[tileX][tileY - 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY - 1] = curVal; topUsed = true; used[tileX][tileY - 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX][tileY - 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY - 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped(tileX * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY - 1] = 2000000000; } //top right if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY - 1 >= 0) { if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] == false && !(used[tileX + 1][tileY - 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = curVal; topRightUsed = true; used[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY - 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY - 1] = 2000000000; } //left if(tileX - 1 >= 0) { if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX - 1][tileY] == false && !(used[tileX - 1][tileY])) { pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY] = curVal; leftUsed = true; used[tileX - 1][tileY] = true; } if(occupied[tileX - 1][tileY] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY] = 2000000000; } //right if(tileX + 1 <= used.length) { if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX + 1][tileY] == false && !(used[tileX + 1][tileY])) { pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY] = curVal; rightUsed = true; used[tileX + 1][tileY] = true; } if(occupied[tileX + 1][tileY] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY] = 2000000000; } //botom left if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length) { if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] == false && !(used[tileX - 1][tileY + 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = curVal; botomLeftUsed = true; used[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX - 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX - 1][tileY + 1] = 2000000000; } //botom middle if(tileY + 1 <= used[0].length) { if(isClipped((tileX) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX][tileY + 1] == false && !(used[tileX][tileY + 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY + 1] = curVal; botomUsed = true; used[tileX][tileY + 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX][tileY + 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY + 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX][tileY + 1] = 2000000000; } //botom right if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length) { if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == false && occupied[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] == false && !(used[tileX + 1][tileY + 1])) { pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = curVal; botomRightUsed = true; used[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = true; } if(occupied[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = 1000000000; if(isClipped((tileX + 1) * 50 + 25, (tileY + 1) * 50 + 25) == true) pathFindingValues[tileX + 1][tileY + 1] = 2000000000; } //call the method on the tiles that need it if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY - 1 >= 0 && topLeftUsed) pathFind(tileX - 1, tileY - 1, curVal, used); if(tileY - 1 >= 0 && topUsed) pathFind(tileX , tileY - 1, curVal, used); if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY - 1 >= 0 && topRightUsed) pathFind(tileX + 1, tileY - 1, curVal, used); if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && leftUsed) pathFind(tileX - 1, tileY, curVal, used); if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && rightUsed) pathFind(tileX + 1, tileY, curVal, used); if(tileX - 1 >= 0 && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length && botomLeftUsed) pathFind(tileX - 1, tileY + 1, curVal, used); if(tileY + 1 <= used[0].length && botomUsed) pathFind(tileX, tileY + 1, curVal, used); if(tileX + 1 <= used.length && tileY + 1 <= used[0].length && botomRightUsed) pathFind(tileX + 1, tileY + 1, curVal, used); }

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  • Robust line of sight test on the inside of a polygon with tolerance

    - by David Gouveia
    Foreword This is a followup to this question and the main problem I'm trying to solve. My current solution is an hack which involves inflating the polygon, and doing most calculations on the inflated polygon instead. My goal is to remove this step completely, and correctly solve the problem with calculations only. Problem Given a concave polygon and treating all of its edges as if they were walls in a level, determine whether two points A and B are in line of sight of each other, while accounting for some degree of floating point errors. I'm currently basing my solution on a series of line-segment interection tests. In other words: If any of the end points are outside the polygon, they are not in line of sight. If both end points are inside the polygon, and the line segment from A to B crosses any of the edges from the polygon, then they are not in line of sight. If both end points are inside the polygon, and the line segment from A to B does not cross any of the edges from the polygon, then they are in line of sight. But the problem is dealing correctly with all the edge cases. In particular, it must be able to deal with all the situations depicted below, where red lines are examples that should be rejected, and green lines are examples that should be accepted. I probably missed a few other situations, such as when the line segment from A to B is colinear with an edge, but one of the end points is outside the polygon. One point of particular interest is the difference between 1 and 9. In both cases, both end points are vertices of the polygon, and there are no edges being intersected, but 1 should be rejected while 9 should be accepted. How to distinguish these two? I could check some middle point within the segment to see if it falls inside or not, but it's easy to come up with situations in which it would fail. Point 7 was also pretty tricky and I had to to treat it as a special case, which checks if two points are adjacent vertices of the polygon directly. But there are also other chances of line segments being col linear with the edges of the polygon, and I'm still not entirely sure how I should handle those cases. Is there any well known solution to this problem?

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  • How to design a character animation system?

    - by Andrea Benedetti
    I'm searching for suggestions and resources on the possible ways to design a character animation system. I mean a system built on top of the graphics engine (as graphics engine I use Ogre3D, that provide an animation layer), and in strict contact with the logic of the game. It's for a sports title, so the question is not easy. Edit: What I'm searching for are suggestions and resources about the action state mechines (or animation state machines), that is build on top of the animation pipeline already provided by the graphics engine. So, a state-driver animation interface for use by virtually all higher-level game code.

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  • how can I specify interleaved vertex attributes and vertex indices

    - by freefallr
    I'm writing a generic ShaderProgram class that compiles a set of Shader objects, passes args to the shader (like vertex position, vertex normal, tex coords etc), then links the shader components into a shader program, for use with glDrawArrays. My vertex data already exists in a VertexBufferObject that uses the following data structure to create a vertex buffer: class CustomVertex { public: float m_Position[3]; // x, y, z // offset 0, size = 3*sizeof(float) float m_TexCoords[2]; // u, v // offset 3*sizeof(float), size = 2*sizeof(float) float m_Normal[3]; // nx, ny, nz; float colour[4]; // r, g, b, a float padding[20]; // padded for performance }; I've already written a working VertexBufferObject class that creates a vertex buffer object from an array of CustomVertex objects. This array is said to be interleaved. It renders successfully with the following code: void VertexBufferObject::Draw() { if( ! m_bInitialized ) return; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_nVboId ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_nVboIdIndex ); glEnableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_NORMAL_ARRAY ); glEnableClientState( GL_COLOR_ARRAY ); glVertexPointer( 3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 0) ); glTexCoordPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 12)); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 20)); glColorPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(CustomVertex), ((char*)NULL + 32)); glDrawElements( GL_TRIANGLES, m_nNumIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, ((char*)NULL + 0) ); glDisableClientState( GL_VERTEX_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_NORMAL_ARRAY ); glDisableClientState( GL_COLOR_ARRAY ); glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0 ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0 ); } Back to the Vertex Array Object though. My code for creating the Vertex Array object is as follows. This is performed before the ShaderProgram runtime linking stage, and no glErrors are reported after its steps. // Specify the shader arg locations (e.g. their order in the shader code) for( int n = 0; n < vShaderArgs.size(); n ++) glBindAttribLocation( m_nProgramId, n, vShaderArgs[n].sFieldName.c_str() ); // Create and bind to a vertex array object, which stores the relationship between // the buffer and the input attributes glGenVertexArrays( 1, &m_nVaoHandle ); glBindVertexArray( m_nVaoHandle ); // Enable the vertex attribute array (we're using interleaved array, since its faster) glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vShaderArgs[0].nVboId ); glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vShaderArgs[0].nVboIndexId ); // vertex data for( int n = 0; n < vShaderArgs.size(); n ++ ) { glEnableVertexAttribArray(n); glVertexAttribPointer( n, vShaderArgs[n].nFieldSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vShaderArgs[n].nStride, (GLubyte *) NULL + vShaderArgs[n].nFieldOffset ); AppLog::Ref().OutputGlErrors(); } This doesn't render correctly at all. I get a pattern of white specks onscreen, in the shape of the terrain rectangle, but there are no regular lines etc. Here's the code I use for rendering: void ShaderProgram::Draw() { using namespace AntiMatter; if( ! m_nShaderProgramId || ! m_nVaoHandle ) { AppLog::Ref().LogMsg("ShaderProgram::Draw() Couldn't draw object, as initialization of ShaderProgram is incomplete"); return; } glUseProgram( m_nShaderProgramId ); glBindVertexArray( m_nVaoHandle ); glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, m_nNumTris ); glBindVertexArray(0); glUseProgram(0); } Can anyone see errors or omissions in either the VAO creation code or rendering code? thanks!

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  • Tweaking AStar to find closest location to unreachable destination

    - by Shivan Dragon
    I've implemented AStar in Java and it works ok for an area with obstacles where the chosen destination is reachable. However, when the destination is unreachable, the calculated "path" is in no way to the closest location (to the unreachable location) but is instead some random path. Is there a feasible way to tweak AStar into finding the path to the closest location to an unreachable destination?

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  • How To Smoothly Animate From One Camera Position To Another

    - by www.Sillitoy.com
    The Question is basically self explanatory. I have a scene with many cameras and I'd like to smoothly switch from one to another. I am not looking for a cross fade effect but more to a camera moving and rotating the view in order to reach the next camera point of view and so on. To this end I have tried the following code: firstCamera.transform.position.x = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.position.x, nextCamer.transform.position.x,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.position.y = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.position.y, nextCamera.transform.position.y,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.position.z = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.position.z, nextCamera.transform.position.z,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.rotation.x = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.rotation.x, nextCamera.transform.rotation.x,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.rotation.z = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.rotation.z, nextCamera.transform.rotation.z,Time.deltaTime*smooth); firstCamera.transform.rotation.y = Mathf.Lerp(firstCamera.transform.rotation.y, nextCamera.transform.rotation.y,Time.deltaTime*smooth); But the result is actually not that good.

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  • Rotation based on x coordinate and x velocity?

    - by Lewis
    -(void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { float deceleration = 0.3f, sensitivity = 8.0f, maxVelocity = 150; // adjust velocity based on current accelerometer acceleration playerVelocity.x = playerVelocity.x * deceleration + acceleration.x * sensitivity; // we must limit the maximum velocity of the player sprite, in both directions (positive & negative values) playerVelocity.x = fmaxf(fminf(playerVelocity.x, maxVelocity), -maxVelocity); } Hi, I want to rotate my sprite based on the velocity and accelerometer input. My sprite can move along the X axis like so: <--------- sprite ----------- But it always faces forwards, if it is moving left I want it to point slightly to the left, the degree of how far it is pointing to be judged from the velocity. This should also work for the right. I tried using atan but as the y velocity and position is always the same the function returns 0, which doesn't rotate it at all. Any ideas? Regards, Lewis.

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  • Timing Calculations for Opengl ES 2.0 draw calls

    - by Arun AC
    I am drawing a cube in OpenGL ES 2.0 in Linux. I am calculating the time taken for each frame using below function #define NANO 1000000000 #define NANO_TO_MICRO(x) ((x)/1000) uint64_t getTick() { struct timespec stCT; clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &stCT); uint64_t iCurrTimeNano = (1000000000 * stCT.tv_sec + stCT.tv_nsec); // in Nano Secs uint64_t iCurrTimeMicro = NANO_TO_MICRO(iCurrTimeNano); // in Micro Secs return iCurrTimeMicro; } I am running my code for 100 frames with simple x-axis rotation. I am getting around 200 to 220 microsecs per frame. that means am i getting around (1/220microsec = 4545) FPS Is my GPU is that fast? I strongly doubt this result. what went wrong in the code? Regards, Arun AC

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  • New way of integrating Openfeint in Cocos2d-x 0.12.0

    - by Ef Es
    I am trying to implement OpenFeint for Android in my cocos2d-x project. My approach so far has been creating a button that calls a static java method in class Bridge using jnihelper functions (jnihelper only accepts statics). Bridge has one singleton attribute of type OFAndroid, that is the class dynamically calling the Openfeint Api methods, and every method in the bridge just forwards it to the OFAndroid object. What I am trying to do now is to initialize the openfeint libraries in the main java class that is the one calling the static C++ libraries. My problem right now is that the initializing function void com.openfeint.api.OpenFeint.initialize(Context ctx, OpenFeintSettings settings, OpenFeintDelegate delegate) is not accepting the context parameter that I am giving him, which is a "this" reference to the main class. Main class extends from Cocos2dxActivity but I don't have any other that extends from Application. Any suggestions on fixing it or how to improve the architecture? EDIT: I am trying a new solution. Make the bridge class into an Application child, is called from Main object, initializes OpenFeint when created and it can call the OpenFeint functions instead of needing an additional class. The problem is I still get the error. 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.content.ContextWrapper.getPackageManager(ContextWrapper.java:85) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.validateManifest(OpenFeintInternal.java:885) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.initializeWithoutLoggingIn(OpenFeintInternal.java:829) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.internal.OpenFeintInternal.initialize(OpenFeintInternal.java:852) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at com.openfeint.api.OpenFeint.initialize(OpenFeint.java:47) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at nurogames.fastfish.NuroFeint.onCreate(NuroFeint.java:23) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at nurogames.fastfish.FastFish.onCreate(FastFish.java:47) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1069) 03-30 14:39:22.661: E/AndroidRuntime(9029): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2751)

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  • SAT and then what?

    - by Marek
    I am on my way to make another Arkanoid game but this time I decided that I want it a little bit more realistic than just checking intersections between AABB and inverting one vector's component on collision. So I found SAT but I don't know how can I change direction of the ball in realistic matter. Maybe I'm wrong but it seems like knowing MTV doesn't give me much. So my question is what algorithms should I use to make it realistic? I also care about possibility of spinning ball with a pallet. I don't know how to do it exactly but I guess I will need to consider acceleration of the pallet.

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  • What's the most efficient way to find barycentric coordinates?

    - by bobobobo
    In my profiler, finding barycentric coordinates is apparently somewhat of a bottleneck. I am looking to make it more efficient. It follows the method in shirley, where you compute the area of the triangles formed by embedding the point P inside the triangle. Code: Vector Triangle::getBarycentricCoordinatesAt( const Vector & P ) const { Vector bary ; // The area of a triangle is real areaABC = DOT( normal, CROSS( (b - a), (c - a) ) ) ; real areaPBC = DOT( normal, CROSS( (b - P), (c - P) ) ) ; real areaPCA = DOT( normal, CROSS( (c - P), (a - P) ) ) ; bary.x = areaPBC / areaABC ; // alpha bary.y = areaPCA / areaABC ; // beta bary.z = 1.0f - bary.x - bary.y ; // gamma return bary ; } This method works, but I'm looking for a more efficient one!

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  • Why can we recognize game engines?

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    About many games you can say "oh that's the Unreal engine for sure", "this was made by upgrading GTA 4", etc. We can often recognize the engine used for a game just by looking at its graphics (disregarding menus and such). I'm wondering, why is this? All game engines use the same 3D rendering technology that we all use, and the different games usually have a distinct art style, so what's left to recognize?

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  • FlasCC requirements and limitations?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    It is now available for download. It says you need twice* as many bits as I have. Why would you need more bits to compile code? Does that mean you need more bits to run flash games writtes with flasCC Did anyone try it out and happens to know the answers? http://gaming.adobe.com/technologies/flascc/ Minimum system requirements Flash Player 11 or higher Flex SDK 4.6 or higher Java Virtual Machine (64-bit) Windows Microsoft® Windows® 7 (64-bit edition) Cygwin (included) *This is meant as a joke. however I do own a 32-bit laptop and I am wondering why you need 64-bit. Afaik - You only need 64-bit if you want to run a system that has more than 4gigs of memory. Why would any flash game require more than 4 gigs of memory. The only system that is 64-bits and does not have 4gigs of memory that I can quickly recall is that hilarious Nintendo that came ages ago with a Motorola CPU.

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  • Orthographic unit translation mismatch on grid (e.g. 64 pixels translates incorrectly)

    - by Justin Van Horne
    I am looking for some insight into a small problem with unit translations on a grid. Setup 512x448 window 64x64 grid gl_Position = projection * world * position; projection is defined by ortho(-w/2.0f, w/2.0f, -h/2.0f, h/2.0f); This is a textbook orthogonal projection function. world is defined by a fixed camera position at (0, 0) position is defined by the sprite's position. Problem In the screenshot below (1:1 scaling) the grid spacing is 64x64 and I am drawing the unit at (64, 64), however the unit draws roughly ~10px in the wrong position. I've tried uniform window dimensions to prevent any distortion on the pixel size, but now I am a bit lost in the proper way in providing a 1:1 pixel-to-world-unit projection. Anyhow, here are some quick images to aide in the problem. I decided to super-impose a bunch of the sprites at what the engine believes is 64x offsets. When this seemed off place, I went about and did the base case of 1 unit. Which seemed to line up as expected. The yellow shows a 1px difference in the movement. Vertices It would appear that the vertices going into the vertex shader are correct. For example, in reference to the first image the data looks like this in the VBO: x y x y ---------------------------- tl | 0.0 24.0 64.0 24.0 bl | 0.0 0.0 -> 64.0 0.0 tr | 16.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 br | 16.0 24.0 80.0 24.0 With that said, all I am left to believe is that I am munging up my actual projection. So, I am looking for any insight into maintaining the 1:1 pixel-to-world-unit projection.

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  • Full screen blackout using allegro in codeblocks

    - by Armando Ortiz
    I'm very interested in game programming and I'm taking my first steps alone. So I installed allegro. Although Dev-C++ didn't work, Code::Blocks compiled successfully. I started out with this basic program: #include <allegro.h> int main(){ allegro_init(); install_keyboard(); set_gfx_mode( GFX_AUTODETECT, 640, 480, 0, 0); readkey(); return 0; } END_OF_MAIN(); The problem comes in when I try to run it. It opens the little window as always, but rapidly blacks out my whole screen. I press any key and it takes me back to the little window telling me that it finished, which means the program worked. But I try any other program with allegro, like: #include <allegro.h> int x = 10; int y = 10; int main(){ allegro_init(); install_keyboard(); set_gfx_mode( GFX_AUTODETECT, 640, 480, 0, 0); while ( !key[KEY_ESC] ){ clear_keybuf(); acquire_screen(); textout_ex( screen, font, " ", x, y, makecol( 0, 0, 0), makecol( 0, 0, 0) ); if (key[KEY_UP]) --y; else if (key[KEY_DOWN]) ++y; else if (key[KEY_RIGHT]) ++x; else if (key[KEY_LEFT]) --x; textout_ex( screen, font, "@", x, y, makecol( 255, 0, 0), makecol( 0, 0, 0) ); release_screen(); rest(50); } return 0; } END_OF_MAIN(); And the same thing happens over and over again! Is there something I'm doing wrong?

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  • Drawing simple geometric figures with DrawUserPrimitives?

    - by Navy Seal
    I'm trying to draw a simple triangle based on an array of vertex. I've been searching for a tutorial and I found a simple example on riemers but I couldn't get it to work. I think it was made for XNA 3 and it seems there were some changes to XNA 4? Using this example: http://www.riemers.net/eng/Tutorials/XNA/Csharp/Series1/The_first_triangle.php I get this error: Additional information: The current vertex declaration does not include all the elements required by the current vertex shader. TextureCoordinate0 is missing. I'm not english so I'm having some trouble to understand everything. For what I understand error is confusing because I'm trying to draw a triangle color based and not texture based and it shouldn't need a texture. Also I saw some articles about dynamic shadows and lights and I would like to know if this is the kind of code used to do it with some tweaks like culling because I'm wondering if its heavy code for performance in real time.

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  • Ideas for attack damage algorithm (language irrelevant)

    - by Dillon
    I am working on a game and I need ideas for the damage that will be done to the enemy when your player attacks. The total amount of health that the enemy has is called enemyHealth, and has a value of 1000. You start off with a weapon that does 40 points of damage (may be changed.) The player has an attack stat that you can increase, called playerAttack. This value starts off at 1, and has a possible max value of 100 after you level it up many times and make it farther into the game. The amount of damage that the weapon does is cut and dry, and subtracts 40 points from the total 1000 points of health every time the enemy is hit. But what the playerAttack does is add to that value with a percentage. Here is the algorithm I have now. (I've taken out all of the gui, classes, etc. and given the variables very forward names) double totalDamage = weaponDamage + (weaponDamage*(playerAttack*.05)) enemyHealth -= (int)totalDamage; This seemed to work great for the most part. So I statrted testing some values... //enemyHealth ALWAYS starts at 1000 weaponDamage = 50; playerAttack = 30; If I set these values, the amount of damage done on the enemy is 125. Seemed like a good number, so I wanted to see what would happen if the players attack was maxed out, but with the weakest starting weapon. weaponDamage = 50; playerAttack = 100; the totalDamage ends up being 300, which would kill an enemy in just a few hits. Even with your attack that high, I wouldn't want the weakest weapon to be able to kill the enemy that fast. I thought about adding defense, but I feel the game will lose consistency and become unbalanced in the long run. Possibly a well designed algorithm for a weapon decrease modifier would work for lower level weapons or something like that. Just need a break from trying to figure out the best way to go about this, and maybe someone that has experience with games and keeping the leveling consistent could give me some ideas/pointers.

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  • Multiple volumetric lights

    - by notabene
    I recently read this GPU GEMS 3 article Volumetric Light Scattering as a Post-Process. I like the idea to add volumetric light property to realtime render i'm working on. Question is will it work for multiple lights? Our renderer uses one render pass per light and uses additive blending to sum incoming light. I'm mostly convinced that it have to work nice. Do you agree? Maybe there can be problem where light rays crosses each other.

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  • Updating scene graph in multithreaded game

    - by user782220
    In a game with a render thread and a game logic thread the game logic thread needs to update the scene graph used by the render thread. I've read about ideas such as a queue of updates. Can someone describe to a newbie at scene graphs what kind of interface the scene graph exports. Presumably it would be rather complicated. So then how does a queue of updates get implemented in C++ in a way that can handle the complexity of the interface of the scene graph while also being type safe and efficient. Again I'm a newbie at scene graphs and C++.

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  • Pixel alignment algorithm

    - by user42325
    I have a set of square blocks, I want to draw them in a window. I am sure the coordinates calculation is correct. But on the screen, some squares' edge overlap with other, some are not. I remember the problem is caused by accuracy of pixels. I remember there's a specific topic related to this kind of problem in 2D image rendering. But I don't remember what exactly it is, and how to solve it. Look at this screenshot. Each block should have a fixed width margin. But in the image, the vertical white line have different width.Though, the horizontal lines looks fine.

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  • Error instantiating Texture2D in MonoGame for Windows 8 Metro Apps

    - by JimmyBoh
    I have an game which builds for WindowsGL and Windows8. The WindowsGL works fine, but the Windows8 build throws an error when trying to instantiate a new Texture2D. The Code: var texture = new Texture2D(CurrentGame.SpriteBatch.GraphicsDevice, width, 1); // Error thrown here... texture.setData(FunctionThatReturnsColors()); You can find the rest of the code on Github. The Error: SharpDX.SharpDXException was unhandled by user code HResult=-2147024809 Message=HRESULT: [0x80070057], Module: [Unknown], ApiCode: [Unknown/Unknown], Message: The parameter is incorrect. Source=SharpDX StackTrace: at SharpDX.Result.CheckError() at SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device.CreateTexture2D(Texture2DDescription& descRef, DataBox[] initialDataRef, Texture2D texture2DOut) at SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D..ctor(Device device, Texture2DDescription description) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D..ctor(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Int32 width, Int32 height, Boolean mipmap, SurfaceFormat format, Boolean renderTarget) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D..ctor(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Int32 width, Int32 height) at BrewmasterEngine.Graphics.Content.Gradient.CreateHorizontal(Int32 width, Color left, Color right) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Graphics\Content\Gradient.cs:line 16 at SampleGame.Menu.Widgets.GradientBackground.UpdateBounds(Object sender, EventArgs args) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\SampleGame\Menu\Widgets\GradientBackground.cs:line 39 at SampleGame.Menu.Widgets.GradientBackground..ctor(Color start, Color stop, Int32 scrollamount, Single scrollspeed, Boolean horizontal) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\SampleGame\Menu\Widgets\GradientBackground.cs:line 25 at SampleGame.Scenes.IntroScene.Load(Action done) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\SampleGame\Scenes\IntroScene.cs:line 23 at BrewmasterEngine.Scenes.Scene.LoadScene(Action`1 callback) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Scenes\Scene.cs:line 89 at BrewmasterEngine.Scenes.SceneManager.Load(String sceneName, Action`1 callback) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Scenes\SceneManager.cs:line 69 at BrewmasterEngine.Scenes.SceneManager.LoadDefaultScene(Action`1 callback) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Scenes\SceneManager.cs:line 83 at BrewmasterEngine.Framework.Game2D.LoadContent() in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Framework\Game2D.cs:line 117 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at BrewmasterEngine.Framework.Game2D.Initialize() in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Framework\Game2D.cs:line 105 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.DoInitialize() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run(GameRunBehavior runBehavior) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.MetroFrameworkView`1.Run() InnerException: Is this an error that needs to be solved in MonoGame, or is there something that I need to do differently in my engine and game?

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  • 3D Camera Problem

    - by Chris
    I allow the user to look around the scene by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse. The problem that I have is I can be facing one direction, I move the mouse up and the view tilts up, I move down and the view titles down. If I spin around 180 my left and right still works fine, but when I move the mouse up the view tilts down, and when I move the mouse down the view titles up. This is the code I am using, can anyone see what the problem with the logic is? var viewDir = g_math.subVector(target, g_eye); var rotatedViewDir = []; rotatedViewDir[0] = (Math.cos(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[0]) - (Math.sin(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[2]); rotatedViewDir[1] = viewDir[1]; rotatedViewDir[2] = (Math.cos(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[2]) + (Math.sin(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[0]); viewDir = rotatedViewDir; rotatedViewDir[0] = viewDir[0]; rotatedViewDir[1] = (Math.cos(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[1]) - (Math.sin(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[2]); rotatedViewDir[2] = (Math.cos(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[2]) + (Math.sin(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[1]); g_lookingDir = rotatedViewDir; var newtarget = g_math.addVector(rotatedViewDir, g_eye);

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  • Looking for literature about graphics pipeline optimization

    - by zacharmarz
    I am looking for some books, articles or tutorials about graphics architecture and graphics pipeline optimizations. It shouldn't be too old (2008 or newer) - the newer, the better. I have found something in [Optimising the Graphics Pipeline, NVIDIA, Koji Ashida] - too old, [Real-time rendering, Akenine Moller], [OpenGL Bindless Extensions, NVIDIA, Jeff Bolz], [Efficient multifragment effects on graphics processing units, Louis Frederic Bavoil] and some internet discussions. But there is not too much information and I want to read more. It should contain something about application, driver, memory and shader units communication and data transfers. About vertices and attributes. Also pre and post T&L cache (if they still exist in nowadays architectures) etc. I don't need anything about textures, frame buffers and rasterization. It can also be about OpenGL (not about DirecX) and optimizing extensions (not old extensions like VBOs, but newer like vertex_buffer_unified_memory).

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  • XNA calculate normals for linesegment

    - by Gerhman
    I am quite new to 3D graphical programming and thus far only understand that normal somehow define the direction in which a vertex faces and therefore the direction in which light is reflected. I have now idea how they are calculated though, only that they are defined by a Vector3. For a visualizer that I am creating I am importing a bunch of coordinate which represent layer upon layer of line segments. At the moment I am only using a vertex buffer and adding the start and end point of each line and then rendering a linelist. The thing is now that I need to calculate the normal for the vertices of these line segments so that I can get some realistic lighting. I have no idea how to calculate these normal but I know they all face sideways and not up or down. To calculate them all I have are the start and end positions of each line segment. The below image is a representation of what I think I need to do in the case of an example layer: The red arrows represent the normal that should be calculates, the blue text represent the coordinates of the vertices and the green numbers represent their indices. I would greatly appreciate it if someone could please explain to me how I should calculate these normal.

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  • Can I run into legal issues with random names?

    - by Nathan Sabruka
    I'm currently building a game whose NPC's are going to be assigned a random gender and a random name for the right gender. To do this I will be using a "database" of names (actually a text file with tuples). There would also be a list of last names, which will be added to the first name also randomly. My question is the following. Suppose one such random name is "George Bush", and this person has been randomly assigned the job of president. As you can see, this could easily be seen as having been "copied" from a real-life person. The main issue is this. Names will be randomly-generated, yes, but the seed for random-number generation will be constant. In other words, the name of an NPC would be randomly-generated, i.e. I wouldn't choose it, but it would be the same for every player. Could this get me in trouble? We cannot verify all possible names, since the generated number of NPC's could be potentially limitless (new NPC's are being created whenever needed).

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