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  • Mean of Sampleset and powered Sampleset

    - by Milla Well
    I am working on an ICA implementation wich is based on the assumption, that all source signals are independent. So I checked on the basic concepts of Dependence vs. Correlation and tried to show this example on sample data from numpy import * from numpy.random import * k = 1000 s = 10000 mn = 0 mnPow = 0 for i in arange(1,k): a = randn(s) a = a-mean(a) mn = mn + mean(a) mnPow = mnPow + mean(a**3) print "Mean X: ", mn/k print "Mean X^3: ", mnPow/k But I couldn't produce the last step of this example E(X^3) = 0: >> Mean X: -1.11174580826e-18 >> Mean X^3: -0.00125229267144 First value I would consider to be zero, but second value is too large, isn't it? Since I subtract the mean of a, I expected the mean of a^3 to be zero as well. Does the problem lie in the random number generator, the precision of the numerical values in my misunderstanding of the concepts of mean and expected value?

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  • How do I use a string as a keyword argument?

    - by Issac Kelly
    Specifically, I'm trying to use a string to arbitrairly filter the ORM. I've tried exec and eval solutions, but I'm running into walls. The code below doesn't work, but it's the best way I know how to explain where I'm trying to go from gblocks.models import Image f = 'image__endswith="jpg"' # Would be scripted in another area, but passed as text <user input> d = Image.objects.filter(f) #for the non-django pythonistas: d = Image.objects.filter(image__endswith="jpg") # would be the non-dynamic equivalent.

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  • Capturing stdout from an imported module in wxpython and sending it to a textctrl, without blocking the GUI

    - by splafe
    There are alot of very similar questions to this but I can't find one that applies specifically to what I'm trying to do. I have a simulation (written in SimPy) that I'm writing a GUI for, the main output of the simulation is text - to the console from 'print' statements. Now, I thought the simplest way would be to create a seperate module GUI.py, and import my simulation program into it: import osi_model I want all the print statements to be captured by the GUI and appear inside a Textctrl, which there's countless examples of on here, along these lines: class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): <general frame initialisation stuff..> redir=RedirectText(self.txtCtrl_1) sys.stdout=redir class RedirectText: def __init__(self,aWxTextCtrl): self.out=aWxTextCtrl def write(self,string): self.out.WriteText(string) I am also starting my simulation from a 'Go' button: def go_btn_click(self, event): print 'GO' self.RT = threading.Thread(target=osi_model.RunThis()) self.RT.start() This all works fine, and the output from the simulation module is captured by the TextCtrl, except the GUI locks up and becomes unresponsive - I still need it to be accessible (at the very minimum to have a 'Stop' button). I'm not sure if this is a botched attempt at creating a new thread that I've done here, but I assume a new thread will be needed at some stage in this process. People suggest using wx.CallAfter, but I'm not sure how to go about this considering the imported module doesn't know about wx, and also I can't realistically go through the entire simulation architecture and change all the print statements to wx.CallAfter, and any attempt to capture the shell from inside the imported simulation program leads to the program crashing. Does anybody have any ideas about how I can best achieve this? So all I really need is for all console text to be captured by a TextCtrl while the GUI remains responsive, and all text is solely coming from an imported module. (Also, secondary question regarding a Stop button - is it bad form to just kill the simulation thread?). Thanks, Duncan

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  • Custom Django tag & jQuery

    - by pocoa
    I'm new to Django. Today I created some Django custom tags which is not that hard. But now I wonder what is the best way to include some jQuery or some Javascript code packed into my custom tag definition. What is the regular way to include a custom library into my code? For example: {% faceboxify item %} So assume that it'll create a specific HTML output for Facebox plugin. I just want to learn some elegant way to import this plugin into my code. I want the above definition to be enough for all functionality. Is there any way to do it? I couldn't find any example. Maybe I'm missing something.. Thank you.

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  • Optimization of Function with Dictionary and Zip()

    - by eWizardII
    Hello, I have the following function: def filetxt(): word_freq = {} lvl1 = [] lvl2 = [] total_t = 0 users = 0 text = [] for l in range(0,500): # Open File if os.path.exists("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json") == True: with open("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json", "r") as f: text_f = json.load(f) users = users + 1 for i in range(len(text_f)): text.append(text_f[str(i)]['text']) total_t = total_t + 1 else: pass # Filter occ = 0 import string for i in range(len(text)): s = text[i] # Sample string a = re.findall(r'(RT)',s) b = re.findall(r'(@)',s) occ = len(a) + len(b) + occ s = s.encode('utf-8') out = s.translate(string.maketrans("",""), string.punctuation) # Create Wordlist/Dictionary word_list = text[i].lower().split(None) for word in word_list: word_freq[word] = word_freq.get(word, 0) + 1 keys = word_freq.keys() numbo = range(1,len(keys)+1) WList = ', '.join(keys) NList = str(numbo).strip('[]') WList = WList.split(", ") NList = NList.split(", ") W2N = dict(zip(WList, NList)) for k in range (0,len(word_list)): word_list[k] = W2N[word_list[k]] for i in range (0,len(word_list)-1): lvl1.append(word_list[i]) lvl2.append(word_list[i+1]) I have used the profiler to find that it seems the greatest CPU time is spent on the zip() function and the join and split parts of the code, I'm looking to see if there is any way I have overlooked that I could potentially clean up the code to make it more optimized, since the greatest lag seems to be in how I am working with the dictionaries and the zip() function. Any help would be appreciated thanks!

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  • More than one profile in Django?

    - by JPC
    Is it possible to use Django's user authentication features with more than one profile? Currently I have a settings.py file that has this in it: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'auth.UserProfileA' and a models.py file that has this in it: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfileA(models.Model): company = models.CharField(max_length=30) user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) that way, if a user logs in, I can easily get the profile because the User has a get_profile() method. However, I would like to add UserProfileB. From looking around a bit, it seems that the starting point is to create a superclass to use as the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and have both UserProfileA and UserProfileB inherit from that superclass. The problem is, I don't think the get_profile() method returns the correct profile. It would return an instance of the superclass. I come from a java background (polymorphism) so I'm not sure exactly what I should be doing. Thanks!

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  • Numpy array, how to select indices satisfying multiple conditions?

    - by Bob
    Suppose I have a numpy array x = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5], y = ['f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r']. I want to select the elements in y corresponding to elements in x that are greater than 1 and less than 5. I tried x = array([5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5]) y = array(['f','o','o','b','a','r']) output = y[x > 1 & x < 5] # desired output is ['o','o','b','a'] but this doesn't work. How would I do this?

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  • How to skip interstitial in a django view if a user hits the back button?

    - by Jose Boveda
    I have an application with an interstitial page to hold the user while an intensive operation runs in the background (takes anywhere from 30 secs to 1 minute). Once the operation is done, the user is redirected to the results page. Once on the result page, typical user behavior is to hit the 'back' button to perform the operation on a different input set. However, the back button takes them to the interstitial, not the original form. The desired behavior is to go back to the original form, skipping the interstitial entirely. I'd like this to be default behavior if the user goes to the interstitial page from anywhere but the original form. I thought I could create this by using the @never_cache function decorator in my view for the interstitial, and logic based on request.META['HTTP_REFERER'], however the page doesn't respect these. The browser's back button still trumps this behavior. Any ideas on how to solve this issue?

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  • Differentiate gtk.Entry icons

    - by Ubersoldat
    I'm adding two icons to a gtk.Entry in PyGTK. The icons signals are handled by the following method def entry_icon_event(self, widget, position, event) I'm trying to differentiate between the two of them: <enum GTK_ENTRY_ICON_PRIMARY of type GtkEntryIconPosition> <enum GTK_ENTRY_ICON_SECONDARY of type GtkEntryIconPosition> How can I do this? I've been digging through the documentation of PyGTK but there's no object GtkEntryIconPosition nor any definition for this enums. Thanks

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  • Suggestions for a django db structure

    - by rh0dium
    Hi Say I have the unknown number of questions. For example: Is the sky blue [y/n] What date were your born on [date] What is pi [3.14] What is a large integ [100] Now each of these questions poses a different but very type specific answer (boolean, date, float, int). Natively django can happily deal with these in a model. class SkyModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("Is the sky blue") answer = models.BooleanField(default=False) class BirthModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("What date were your born on") answer = models.DateTimeField(default=today) class PiModel(models.Model) question = models.CharField("What is pi") answer = models.FloatField() But this has the obvious problem in that each question has a specific model - so if we need to add a question later I have to change the database. Yuck. So now I want to get fancy - How do a set up a model where by the answer type conversion happens automagically? ANSWER_TYPES = ( ('boolean', 'boolean'), ('date', 'date'), ('float', 'float'), ('int', 'int'), ('char', 'char'), ) class Questions(models.model): question = models.CharField(() answer = models.CharField() answer_type = models.CharField(choices = ANSWER_TYPES) default = models.CharField() So in theory this would do the following: When I build up my views I look at the type of answer and ensure that I only put in that value. But when I want to pull that answer back out it will return the data in the format specified by the answer_type. Example 3.14 comes back out as a float not as a str. How can I perform this sort of automagic transformation? Or can someone suggest a better way to do this? Thanks much!!

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • Parse raw HTTP Headers

    - by Cev
    I have a string of raw HTTP and I would like to represent the fields in an object. Is there any way to parse the individual headers from an HTTP string? 'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n [...]'

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  • Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) (i.e. Socket Layer) Streams

    - by user213060
    I have a simple problem which I'm sure someone here has done before... I want to rewrite Layer 4 TCP/IP streams (Not lower layer individual packets or frames.) Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of Layer 4 TCP/IP streams based on fixed strings or regexes. Example ettercap scripting code: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? I would like to have a configuration similar to ettercap's silent bridged sniffing configuration between two Ethernet interfaces. This way I can silently filter traffic coming from either direction with no NATing problems. Note that my filter is an application that acts as a pipe filter, similar to the design of unix command-line filters: >[eth0] <----------> [my filter] <----------> [eth1]< What I am already aware of, but are not suitable: Tun/Tap - Works at the lower packet layer, I need to work with the higher layer streams. Ettercap - I can't find any way to do replacements other than the restricted capabilities in the example above. Hooking into some VPN software? - I just can't figure out which or exactly how. libnetfilter_queue - Works with lower layer packets, not TCP/IP streams. Again, the rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Exact code will help immensely! Thanks!

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  • SQLAlchemy Mapping problem

    - by asdvalkn
    Dear Everyone, I am trying to sqlalchemy to correctly map my data. Note that a unified group is basically a group of groups. (One unifiedGroup maps to many groups but each group can only map to one ug). So basically this is the definition of my unifiedGroups: CREATE TABLE `unifiedGroups` ( `ugID` INT AUTO_INCREMENT, `gID` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(`ugID`, `gID`), KEY( `gID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; Note that each row is a ugID, gID tuple. ( I do not know before hand how many gID is per ugID so this is probably the most sensible and simplest method). Definition for my UnifiedGroup class class UnifiedGroup(object): """UnifiedProduct behaves very much like a group """ def __init__(self, ugID): self.ugID=ugID #Added by mapping self.groups=False def __str__(self): return '<%s:%s>' % (self.ugID, ','.join( [g for g in self.groups])) These are my mapping tables: tb_groupsInfo = Table( 'groupsInfo', metadata, Column('gID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gName', String(128)), ) tb_unifiedGroups = Table( 'unifiedGroups', metadata, Column('ugID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gID', Integer, ForeignKey('groupsInfo.gID')), ) My mapper maps in the following manner: mapper( UnifiedGroup, tb_unifiedGroups, properties={ 'groups': relation( Group, backref='unifiedGroup') }) However, when I tried to do groupInstance.unifiedGroup, I am getting an empty list [], while groupInstance.unifiedGroup.groups returns me an error: AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' Traceback (most recent call last): File "Mapping.py", line 119, in <module> print p.group.unifiedGroup.groups AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' What is wrong?

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  • Django: What's the correct way to get the requesting IP address?

    - by swisstony
    I'm trying to develop an app using Django 1.1 on Webfaction. I'd like to get the IP address of the incoming request, but when I use request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] it returns 127.0.0.1. There seems to be a number of different ways of getting the address, such as using HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR or plugging in some middleware called SetRemoteAddrFromForwardedFor. Just wondering what the best approach was?

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  • How to convert list into a string?

    - by PARIJAT
    I have extracted some data from the file and want to write it in the file 2 but the program says 'sequence item 1: expected string, list found', I want to know how I can convert buffer[] i.e. string into sequence, so that it could be saved in file 2. file = open('/ddfs/user/data/k/ktrip_01/hmm.txt','r') file2 = open('/ddfs/user/data/k/ktrip_01/hmm_write.txt','w') buffer = [] rec = file.readlines() for line in rec : field = line.split() print '>',field[0] term = field[0] buffer.append(term) print field[1], field[2], field[6], field[12] term1 = field [1] buffer.append(term1) term2 = field[2] buffer.append[term2] term3 = field[6] buffer.append[term3] term4 = field[12] buffer.append[term4] file2.write(buffer) file.close() file2.close()

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  • How refresh a DrawingArea in PyGTK ?

    - by Lialon
    I have an interface created with Glade. It contains a DrawingArea and buttons. I tried to create a Thread to refresh every X time my Canva. After a few seconds, I get error messages like: "X Window Server 0.0", "Fatal Error IO 11" Here is my code : import pygtk pygtk.require("2.0") import gtk import Canvas import threading as T import time import Map gtk.gdk.threads_init() class Interface(object): class ThreadCanvas(T.Thread): """Thread to display the map""" def __init__(self, interface): T.Thread.__init__(self) self.interface = interface self.started = True self.start() def run(self): while self.started: time.sleep(2) self.interface.on_canvas_expose_event() def stop(self): self.started = False def __init__(self): self.interface = gtk.Builder() self.interface.add_from_file("interface.glade") #Map self.map = Map.Map(2,2) #Canva self.canvas = Canvas.MyCanvas(self.interface.get_object("canvas"),self.game) self.interface.connect_signals(self) #Thread Canvas self.render = self.ThreadCanvas(self) def on_btnChange_clicked(self, widget): #Change map self.map.change() def on_interface_destroy(self, widget): self.render.stop() self.render.join() self.render._Thread__stop() gtk.main_quit() def on_canvas_expose_event(self): st = time.time() self.canvas.update(self.map) et = time.time() print "Canvas refresh in : %f times" %(et-st) def main(self): gtk.main() How can i fix these errors ?

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  • defining information out of class

    - by calccrypto
    is there a way to define a value within a class in the __init__ part, send it to some variable outside of the class without calling another function within the class? like class c: def __init__(self, a): self.a = a b = 4 # do something like this so that outside of class c, # b is set to 4 automatically when i use class c def function(self): ... # whatever. this doesnt matter i have multiple classes that have different values for b. i could just make a list that tells the computer to change b, but i would rather set b within each class

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  • Dynamically create class attributes

    - by ahojnnes
    Hi, I need to dynamically create class attributes from a DEFAULTS dictionary. defaults = { 'default_value1':True, 'default_value2':True, 'default_value3':True, } class Settings(object): default_value1 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value1], ...) default_value2 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value2], ...) default_value3 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value3], ...) I could also achive this by having sth. like __init__ for class creation, in order to dynamically create these attributes from dictionary and save a lot of code and stupid work. How would you do this? Thank you very much in advance!

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  • How can I configure different worker pools using celery?

    - by Chris R
    I need to deploy a queued execution service with (generally) the following three classes of worker: A periodic, low-priority job class that takes a long time and can be processed serially; these jobs should only use 0..2 workers in the system at most. A periodic, deadline-sensitive job class that take a short to medium amount of time (say, topping out at 5 minutes) An ad-hoc job class, that is higher priority than #1, but can interleave with #2. Any workers from class #2 that are inactive when this type of job comes in should handle it, without ever starving the pool of workers for #2 All three job classes are the same task, the only difference between them is how they're requested; they'll take the same input and generate the same output, but each one has different performance guarantees. How can I implement this using celery?

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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