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  • how to retain the animated position in opengl es 2.0

    - by Arun AC
    I am doing frame based animation for 300 frames in opengl es 2.0 I want a rectangle to translate by +200 pixels in X axis and also scaled up by double (2 units) in the first 100 frames Then, the animated rectangle has to stay there for the next 100 frames. Then, I want the same animated rectangle to translate by +200 pixels in X axis and also scaled down by half (0.5 units) in the last 100 frames. I am using simple linear interpolation to calculate the delta-animation value for each frame. Pseudo code: The below drawFrame() is executed for 300 times (300 frames) in a loop. float RectMVMatrix[4][4] = {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; // identity matrix int totalframes = 300; float translate-delta; // interpolated translation value for each frame float scale-delta; // interpolated scale value for each frame // The usual code for draw is: void drawFrame(int iCurrentFrame) { // mySetIdentity(RectMVMatrix); // comment this line to retain the animated position. mytranslate(RectMVMatrix, translate-delta, X_AXIS); // to translate the mv matrix in x axis by translate-delta value myscale(RectMVMatrix, scale-delta); // to scale the mv matrix by scale-delta value ... // opengl calls glDrawArrays(...); eglswapbuffers(...); } The above code will work fine for first 100 frames. in order to retain the animated rectangle during the frames 101 to 200, i removed the "mySetIdentity(RectMVMatrix);" in the above drawFrame(). Now on entering the drawFrame() for the 2nd frame, the RectMVMatrix will have the animated value of first frame e.g. RectMVMatrix[4][4] = { 1.01, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 };// 2 pixels translation and 1.01 units scaling after first frame This RectMVMatrix is used for mytranslate() in 2nd frame. The translate function will affect the value of "RectMVMatrix[0][0]". Thus translation affects the scaling values also. Eventually output is getting wrong. How to retain the animated position without affecting the current ModelView matrix? =========================================== I got the solution... Thanks to Sergio. I created separate matrices for translation and scaling. e.g.CurrentTranslateMatrix[4][4], CurrentScaleMatrix[4][4]. Then for every frame, I reset 'CurrentTranslateMatrix' to identity and call mytranslate( CurrentTranslateMatrix, translate-delta, X_AXIS) function. I reset 'CurrentScaleMatrix' to identity and call myscale(CurrentScaleMatrix, scale-delta) function. Then, I multiplied these 'CurrentTranslateMatrix' and 'CurrentScaleMatrix' to get the final 'RectMVMatrix' Matrix for the frame. Pseudo Code: float RectMVMatrix[4][4] = {0}; float CurrentTranslateMatrix[4][4] = {0}; float CurrentScaleMatrix[4][4] = {0}; int iTotalFrames = 300; int iAnimationFrames = 100; int iTranslate_X = 200.0f; // in pixels float fScale_X = 2.0f; float scaleDelta; float translateDelta_X; void DrawRect(int iTotalFrames) { mySetIdentity(RectMVMatrix); for (int i = 0; i< iTotalFrames; i++) { DrawFrame(int iCurrentFrame); } } void getInterpolatedValue(int iStartFrame, int iEndFrame, int iTotalFrame, int iCurrentFrame, float *scaleDelta, float *translateDelta_X) { float fDelta = float ( (iCurrentFrame - iStartFrame) / (iEndFrame - iStartFrame)) float fStartX = 0.0f; float fEndX = ConvertPixelsToOpenGLUnit(iTranslate_X); *translateDelta_X = fStartX + fDelta * (fEndX - fStartX); float fStartScaleX = 1.0f; float fEndScaleX = fScale_X; *scaleDelta = fStartScaleX + fDelta * (fEndScaleX - fStartScaleX); } void DrawFrame(int iCurrentFrame) { getInterpolatedValue(0, iAnimationFrames, iTotalFrames, iCurrentFrame, &scaleDelta, &translateDelta_X) mySetIdentity(CurrentTranslateMatrix); myTranslate(RectMVMatrix, translateDelta_X, X_AXIS); // to translate the mv matrix in x axis by translate-delta value mySetIdentity(CurrentScaleMatrix); myScale(RectMVMatrix, scaleDelta); // to scale the mv matrix by scale-delta value myMultiplyMatrix(RectMVMatrix, CurrentTranslateMatrix, CurrentScaleMatrix);// RectMVMatrix = CurrentTranslateMatrix*CurrentScaleMatrix; ... // opengl calls glDrawArrays(...); eglswapbuffers(...); } I maintained this 'RectMVMatrix' value, if there is no animation for the current frame (e.g. 101th frame onwards). Thanks, Arun AC

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  • How to simulate pressure with particles?

    - by BeachRunnerJoe
    I'm trying to simulate pressure with a collection of spherical particles in a Unity game I'm building. A couple notes about the problem: The goal is to fill a constantly changing 2d space/void with small, frictionless spheres. The game is trying to simulate the ever-growing pressure of more objects being shoved into this space. The level itself is constantly scrolling from left to right, meaning if the space's dimensions are not changed by the user it will automatically get smaller (the leftmost part of the space will continually scroll off-screen). I'm wondering what some approaches are that I can take to tackling these problems... Knowing when to detect when there is space to fill and then add spheres to the space. Removing spheres from the space when it is shrinking. Strategies to simulate pressure on the spheres such that they "explode outwards" when more space is created. The current approach I am contemplating is using a constantly moving wall, that is off screen and moves with the screen, as this image illustrates: . This moving wall will push and trap the spheres into the space. As for adding new spheres, I was going to have either (1) spheres replicate themselves upon detecting free space, OR (2) spawn them at the left side of the space (where the wall is) - pushing the rest of the spheres to fill the space. I foresee problems with idea #1 because this likely wouldn't really create/simulate pressure; idea #2 seems more promising, but raises the question of how to provide a location for these new sphere particles to spawn (and the ramifications of spawning them when there IS no space). Thanks so much in advance for your wisdom!

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  • Libnoise producing completely random noise

    - by Doodlemeat
    I am using libnoise in C++ taken and I have some problems with getting coherent noise. I mean, the noise produced now are completely random and it doesn't look like a noise. Here's a to the image produced by my game. I am diving the map into several chunks, but I can't seem to find any problem doing that since libnoise supports tileable noise. The code can be found below. Every chunk is 8x8 tiles large. Every tile is 64x64 pixels. I am also providing a link to download the entire project. It was made in Visual Studio 2013. Download link This is the code for generating a chunk Chunk *World::loadChunk(sf::Vector2i pPosition) { sf::Vector2i chunkPos = pPosition; pPosition.x *= mChunkTileSize.x; pPosition.y *= mChunkTileSize.y; sf::FloatRect bounds(static_cast<sf::Vector2f>(pPosition), sf::Vector2f(static_cast<float>(mChunkTileSize.x), static_cast<float>(mChunkTileSize.y))); utils::NoiseMap heightMap; utils::NoiseMapBuilderPlane heightMapBuilder; heightMapBuilder.SetSourceModule(mNoiseModule); heightMapBuilder.SetDestNoiseMap(heightMap); heightMapBuilder.SetDestSize(mChunkTileSize.x, mChunkTileSize.y); heightMapBuilder.SetBounds(bounds.left, bounds.left + bounds.width - 1, bounds.top, bounds.top + bounds.height - 1); heightMapBuilder.Build(); Chunk *chunk = new Chunk(this); chunk->setPosition(chunkPos); chunk->buildChunk(&heightMap); chunk->setTexture(&mTileset); mChunks.push_back(chunk); return chunk; } This is the code for building the chunk void Chunk::buildChunk(utils::NoiseMap *pHeightMap) { // Resize the tiles space mTiles.resize(pHeightMap->GetWidth()); for (int x = 0; x < mTiles.size(); x++) { mTiles[x].resize(pHeightMap->GetHeight()); } // Set vertices type and size mVertices.setPrimitiveType(sf::Quads); mVertices.resize(pHeightMap->GetWidth() * pHeightMap->GetWidth() * 4); // Get the offset position of all tiles position sf::Vector2i tileSize = mWorld->getTileSize(); sf::Vector2i chunkSize = mWorld->getChunkSize(); sf::Vector2f offsetPositon = sf::Vector2f(mPosition); offsetPositon.x *= chunkSize.x; offsetPositon.y *= chunkSize.y; // Build tiles for (int x = 0; x < mTiles.size(); x++) { for (int y = 0; y < mTiles[x].size(); y++) { // Sometimes libnoise can return a value over 1.0, better be sure to cap the top and bottom.. float heightValue = pHeightMap->GetValue(x, y); if (heightValue > 1.f) heightValue = 1.f; if (heightValue < -1.f) heightValue = -1.f; // Instantiate a new Tile object with the noise value, this doesn't do anything yet.. mTiles[x][y] = new Tile(this, pHeightMap->GetValue(x, y)); // Get a pointer to the current tile's quad sf::Vertex *quad = &mVertices[(y + x * pHeightMap->GetWidth()) * 4]; quad[0].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + x * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + y * tileSize.y); quad[1].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + (x + 1) * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + y * tileSize.y); quad[2].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + (x + 1) * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + (y + 1) * tileSize.y); quad[3].position = sf::Vector2f(offsetPositon.x + x * tileSize.x, offsetPositon.y + (y + 1) * tileSize.y); // find out which type of tile to render, atm only air or stone TileStop *tilestop = mWorld->getTileStopAt(heightValue); sf::Vector2i texturePos = tilestop->getTexturePosition(); // define its 4 texture coordinates quad[0].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x, texturePos.y); quad[1].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x + 64, texturePos.y); quad[2].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x + 64, texturePos.y + 64); quad[3].texCoords = sf::Vector2f(texturePos.x, texturePos.y + 64); } } } All the code that uses libnoise in some way are World.cpp, World.h and Chunk.cpp, Chunk.h in the project.

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  • library for octree or kdtree

    - by Will
    Are there any robust performant libraries for indexing objects? It would need frustum culling and visiting objects hit by a ray as well as neighbourhood searches. I can find lots of articles showing the math for the component parts, often as algebra rather than simple C, but nothing that puts it all together (apart from perhaps Ogre, which has rather more involved and isn't so stand-alone). Surely hobby game makers don't all have to make their own octrees? (Python or C/C++ w/bindings preferred)

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  • Remove box2d bodies after collision deduction android?

    - by jubin
    Can any one explain me how to destroy box2d body when collide i have tried but my application crashed.First i have checked al collisions then add all the bodies in array who i want to destroy.I am trying to learning this tutorial My all the bodies are falling i want these bodies should destroy when these bodies will collide my actor monkey but when it collide it destroy but my aplication crashed.I have googled and from google i got the application crash reasons we should not destroy body in step funtion but i am removing body in the last of tick method. could any one help me or provide me code aur check my code why i am getting this prblem or how can i destroy box2d bodies. This is my code what i am doing. Please could any one check my code and tell me what is i am doing wrong for removing bodies. The code is for multiple box2d objects falling on my actor monkey it should be destroy when it will fall on the monkey.It is destroing but my application crahes. static class Box2DLayer extends CCLayer { protected static final float PTM_RATIO = 32.0f; protected static final float WALK_FACTOR = 3.0f; protected static final float MAX_WALK_IMPULSE = 0.2f; protected static final float ANIM_SPEED = 0.3f; int isLeft=0; String dir=""; int x =0; float direction; CCColorLayer objectHint; // protected static final float PTM_RATIO = 32.0f; protected World _world; protected static Body spriteBody; CGSize winSize = CCDirector.sharedDirector().winSize(); private static int count = 200; protected static Body monkey_body; private static Body bodies; CCSprite monkey; float animDelay; int animPhase; CCSpriteSheet danceSheet = CCSpriteSheet.spriteSheet("phases.png"); CCSprite _block; List<Body> toDestroy = new ArrayList<Body>(); //CCSpriteSheet _spriteSheet; private static MyContactListener _contactListener = new MyContactListener(); public Box2DLayer() { this.setIsAccelerometerEnabled(true); CCSprite bg = CCSprite.sprite("jungle.png"); addChild(bg,0); bg.setAnchorPoint(0,0); bg.setPosition(0,0); CGSize s = CCDirector.sharedDirector().winSize(); // Use scaled width and height so that our boundaries always match the current screen float scaledWidth = s.width/PTM_RATIO; float scaledHeight = s.height/PTM_RATIO; Vector2 gravity = new Vector2(0.0f, -30.0f); boolean doSleep = false; _world = new World(gravity, doSleep); // Create edges around the entire screen // Define the ground body. BodyDef bxGroundBodyDef = new BodyDef(); bxGroundBodyDef.position.set(0.0f, 0.0f); // The body is also added to the world. Body groundBody = _world.createBody(bxGroundBodyDef); // Register our contact listener // Define the ground box shape. PolygonShape groundBox = new PolygonShape(); Vector2 bottomLeft = new Vector2(0f,0f); Vector2 topLeft = new Vector2(0f,scaledHeight); Vector2 topRight = new Vector2(scaledWidth,scaledHeight); Vector2 bottomRight = new Vector2(scaledWidth,0f); // bottom groundBox.setAsEdge(bottomLeft, bottomRight); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); // top groundBox.setAsEdge(topLeft, topRight); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); // left groundBox.setAsEdge(topLeft, bottomLeft); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); // right groundBox.setAsEdge(topRight, bottomRight); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); CCSprite floorbg = CCSprite.sprite("grassbehind.png"); addChild(floorbg,1); floorbg.setAnchorPoint(0,0); floorbg.setPosition(0,0); CCSprite floorfront = CCSprite.sprite("grassfront.png"); floorfront.setTag(2); this.addBoxBodyForSprite(floorfront); addChild(floorfront,3); floorfront.setAnchorPoint(0,0); floorfront.setPosition(0,0); addChild(danceSheet); //CCSprite monkey = CCSprite.sprite(danceSheet, CGRect.make(0, 0, 48, 73)); //addChild(danceSprite); monkey = CCSprite.sprite("arms_up.png"); monkey.setTag(2); monkey.setPosition(200,100); BodyDef spriteBodyDef = new BodyDef(); spriteBodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; spriteBodyDef.bullet=true; spriteBodyDef.position.set(200 / PTM_RATIO, 300 / PTM_RATIO); monkey_body = _world.createBody(spriteBodyDef); monkey_body.setUserData(monkey); PolygonShape spriteShape = new PolygonShape(); spriteShape.setAsBox(monkey.getContentSize().width/PTM_RATIO/2, monkey.getContentSize().height/PTM_RATIO/2); FixtureDef spriteShapeDef = new FixtureDef(); spriteShapeDef.shape = spriteShape; spriteShapeDef.density = 2.0f; spriteShapeDef.friction = 0.70f; spriteShapeDef.restitution = 0.0f; monkey_body.createFixture(spriteShapeDef); //Vector2 force = new Vector2(10, 10); //monkey_body.applyLinearImpulse(force, spriteBodyDef.position); addChild(monkey,10000); this.schedule(tickCallback); this.schedule(createobjects, 2.0f); objectHint = CCColorLayer.node(ccColor4B.ccc4(255,0,0,128), 200f, 100f); addChild(objectHint, 15000); objectHint.setVisible(false); _world.setContactListener(_contactListener); } private UpdateCallback tickCallback = new UpdateCallback() { public void update(float d) { tick(d); } }; private UpdateCallback createobjects = new UpdateCallback() { public void update(float d) { secondUpdate(d); } }; private void secondUpdate(float dt) { this.addNewSprite(); } public void addBoxBodyForSprite(CCSprite sprite) { BodyDef spriteBodyDef = new BodyDef(); spriteBodyDef.type = BodyType.StaticBody; //spriteBodyDef.bullet=true; spriteBodyDef.position.set(sprite.getPosition().x / PTM_RATIO, sprite.getPosition().y / PTM_RATIO); spriteBody = _world.createBody(spriteBodyDef); spriteBody.setUserData(sprite); Vector2 verts[] = { new Vector2(-11.8f / PTM_RATIO, -24.5f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(11.7f / PTM_RATIO, -24.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(29.2f / PTM_RATIO, -14.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(28.7f / PTM_RATIO, -0.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(8.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.2f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-29.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-26.3f / PTM_RATIO, -12.2f / PTM_RATIO) }; PolygonShape spriteShape = new PolygonShape(); spriteShape.set(verts); //spriteShape.setAsBox(sprite.getContentSize().width/PTM_RATIO/2, //sprite.getContentSize().height/PTM_RATIO/2); FixtureDef spriteShapeDef = new FixtureDef(); spriteShapeDef.shape = spriteShape; spriteShapeDef.density = 2.0f; spriteShapeDef.friction = 0.70f; spriteShapeDef.restitution = 0.0f; spriteShapeDef.isSensor=true; spriteBody.createFixture(spriteShapeDef); } public void addNewSprite() { count=0; Random rand = new Random(); int Number = rand.nextInt(10); switch(Number) { case 0: _block = CCSprite.sprite("banana.png"); break; case 1: _block = CCSprite.sprite("backpack.png");break; case 2: _block = CCSprite.sprite("statue.png");break; case 3: _block = CCSprite.sprite("pineapple.png");break; case 4: _block = CCSprite.sprite("bananabunch.png");break; case 5: _block = CCSprite.sprite("hat.png");break; case 6: _block = CCSprite.sprite("canteen.png");break; case 7: _block = CCSprite.sprite("banana.png");break; case 8: _block = CCSprite.sprite("statue.png");break; case 9: _block = CCSprite.sprite("hat.png");break; } int padding=20; //_block.setPosition(CGPoint.make(100, 100)); // Determine where to spawn the target along the Y axis CGSize winSize = CCDirector.sharedDirector().displaySize(); int minY = (int)(_block.getContentSize().width / 2.0f); int maxY = (int)(winSize.width - _block.getContentSize().width / 2.0f); int rangeY = maxY - minY; int actualY = rand.nextInt(rangeY) + minY; // Create block and add it to the layer float xOffset = padding+_block.getContentSize().width/2+((_block.getContentSize().width+padding)*count); _block.setPosition(CGPoint.make(actualY, 750)); _block.setTag(1); float w = _block.getContentSize().width; objectHint.setVisible(true); objectHint.changeWidth(w); objectHint.setPosition(actualY-w/2, 460); this.addChild(_block,10000); // Create ball body and shape BodyDef ballBodyDef1 = new BodyDef(); ballBodyDef1.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; ballBodyDef1.position.set(actualY/PTM_RATIO, 480/PTM_RATIO); bodies = _world.createBody(ballBodyDef1); bodies.setUserData(_block); PolygonShape circle1 = new PolygonShape(); Vector2 verts[] = { new Vector2(-11.8f / PTM_RATIO, -24.5f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(11.7f / PTM_RATIO, -24.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(29.2f / PTM_RATIO, -14.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(28.7f / PTM_RATIO, -0.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(8.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.2f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-29.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-26.3f / PTM_RATIO, -12.2f / PTM_RATIO) }; circle1.set(verts); FixtureDef ballShapeDef1 = new FixtureDef(); ballShapeDef1.shape = circle1; ballShapeDef1.density = 10.0f; ballShapeDef1.friction = 0.0f; ballShapeDef1.restitution = 0.1f; bodies.createFixture(ballShapeDef1); count++; //Remove(); } @Override public void ccAccelerometerChanged(float accelX, float accelY, float accelZ) { //Apply the directional impulse /*float impulse = monkey_body.getMass()*accelY*WALK_FACTOR; Vector2 force = new Vector2(impulse, 0); monkey_body.applyLinearImpulse(force, monkey_body.getWorldCenter());*/ walk(accelY); //Remove(); } private void walk(float accelY) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub direction = accelY; } private void Remove() { for (Iterator<MyContact> it1 = _contactListener.mContacts.iterator(); it1.hasNext();) { MyContact contact = it1.next(); Body bodyA = contact.fixtureA.getBody(); Body bodyB = contact.fixtureB.getBody(); // See if there's any user data attached to the Box2D body // There should be, since we set it in addBoxBodyForSprite if (bodyA.getUserData() != null && bodyB.getUserData() != null) { CCSprite spriteA = (CCSprite) bodyA.getUserData(); CCSprite spriteB = (CCSprite) bodyB.getUserData(); // Is sprite A a cat and sprite B a car? If so, push the cat // on a list to be destroyed... if (spriteA.getTag() == 1 && spriteB.getTag() == 2) { //Log.v("dsfds", "dsfsd"+bodyA); //_world.destroyBody(bodyA); // removeChild(spriteA, true); toDestroy.add(bodyA); } // Is sprite A a car and sprite B a cat? If so, push the cat // on a list to be destroyed... else if (spriteA.getTag() == 2 && spriteB.getTag() == 1) { //Log.v("dsfds", "dsfsd"+bodyB); toDestroy.add(bodyB); } } } // Loop through all of the box2d bodies we want to destroy... for (Iterator<Body> it1 = toDestroy.iterator(); it1.hasNext();) { Body body = it1.next(); // See if there's any user data attached to the Box2D body // There should be, since we set it in addBoxBodyForSprite if (body.getUserData() != null) { // We know that the user data is a sprite since we set // it that way, so cast it... CCSprite sprite = (CCSprite) body.getUserData(); // Remove the sprite from the scene _world.destroyBody(body); removeChild(sprite, true); } // Destroy the Box2D body as well // _contactListener.mContacts.remove(0); } } public synchronized void tick(float delta) { synchronized (_world) { _world.step(delta, 8, 3); //_world.clearForces(); //addNewSprite(); } CCAnimation danceAnimation = CCAnimation.animation("dance", 1.0f); // Iterate over the bodies in the physics world Iterator<Body> it = _world.getBodies(); while(it.hasNext()) { Body b = it.next(); Object userData = b.getUserData(); if (userData != null && userData instanceof CCSprite) { //Synchronize the Sprites position and rotation with the corresponding body CCSprite sprite = (CCSprite)userData; if(sprite.getTag()==1) { //b.applyLinearImpulse(force, pos); sprite.setPosition(b.getPosition().x * PTM_RATIO, b.getPosition().y * PTM_RATIO); sprite.setRotation(-1.0f * ccMacros.CC_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(b.getAngle())); } else { //Apply the directional impulse float impulse = monkey_body.getMass()*direction*WALK_FACTOR; Vector2 force = new Vector2(impulse, 0); b.applyLinearImpulse(force, b.getWorldCenter()); sprite.setPosition(b.getPosition().x * PTM_RATIO, b.getPosition().y * PTM_RATIO); animDelay -= 1.0f/60.0f; if(animDelay <= 0) { animDelay = ANIM_SPEED; animPhase++; if(animPhase > 2) { animPhase = 1; } } if(direction < 0 ) { isLeft=1; } else { isLeft=0; } if(isLeft==1) { dir = "left"; } else { dir = "right"; } float standingLimit = (float) 0.1f; float vX = monkey_body.getLinearVelocity().x; if((vX > -standingLimit)&& (vX < standingLimit)) { // Log.v("sasd", "standing"); } else { } } } } Remove(); } } Sorry for my english. Thanks in advance.

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  • Most efficient way to handle coordinate maps in Java

    - by glowcoder
    I have a rectangular tile-based layout. It's your typical Cartesian system. I would like to have a single class that handles two lookup styles Get me the set of players at position X,Y Get me the position of player with key K My current implementation is this: class CoordinateMap<V> { Map<Long,Set<V>> coords2value; Map<V,Long> value2coords; // convert (int x, int y) to long key - this is tested, works for all values -1bil to +1bil // My map will NOT require more than 1 bil tiles from the origin :) private Long keyFor(int x, int y) { int kx = x + 1000000000; int ky = y + 1000000000; return (long)kx | (long)ky << 32; } // extract the x and y from the keys private int[] coordsFor(long k) { int x = (int)(k & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; int y = (int)((k >>> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; return new int[] { x,y }; } } From there, I proceed to have other methods that manipulate or access the two maps accordingly. My question is... is there a better way to do this? Sure, I've tested my class and it works fine. And sure, something inside tells me if I want to reference the data by two different keys, I need two different maps. But I can also bet I'm not the first to run into this scenario. Thanks!

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  • Virtual Economy Setup - Virtual currencies advice

    - by Sarah Simpson
    I'm trying to figure out how to build my virtual economy. It seems like some games have one currency and some of them have up to 3 and 4 different ones. The game is an action game which is currently single player but I'm planning on adding a tournament mode that allows users to compete against each other. The virtual goods that a user would be able to purchase would be either customization to the character or powerups and utilities that give the character more abilities in the game. The character is able to gain coins during game play. The advice I'm trying to get is whether or not it makes sense to set up more than one currency and more than two currencies? What are the pros and cons? Reference to some resources that indicate research would be great.

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  • Are there existing FOSS component-based frameworks?

    - by Tesserex
    The component based game programming paradigm is becoming much more popular. I was wondering, are there any projects out there that offer a reusable component framework? In any language, I guess I don't care about that. It's not for my own project, I'm just curious. Specifically I mean are there projects that include a base Entity class, a base Component class, and maybe some standard components? It would then be much easier starting a game if you didn't want to reinvent the wheel, or maybe you want a GraphicsComponent that does sprites with Direct3D, but you figure it's already been done a dozen times. A quick Googling turns up Rusher. Has anyone heard of this / does anyone use it? If there are no popular ones, then why not? Is it too difficult to make something like this reusable, and they need heavy customization? In my own implementation I found a lot of boilerplate that could be shoved into a framework.

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  • Adding sub-entities to existing entities. Should it be done in the Entity and Component classes?

    - by Coyote
    I'm in a situation where a player can be given the control of small parts of an entity (i.e. Left missile battery). Therefore I started implementing sub entities as follow. Entities are Objects with 3 arrays: pointers to components pointers to sub entities communication subscribers (temporary implementation) Now when an entity is built it has a few components as you might expect and also I can attach sub entities which are handled with some dedicated code in the Entity and Component classes. I noticed sub entities are sharing data in 3 parts: position: the sub entities are using the parent's position and their own as an offset. scrips: sub entities are draining ammo and energy from the parent. physics: sub entities add weight to the parent I made this to quickly go forward, but as I'm slowly fixing current implementations I wonder if this wasn't a mistake. Is my current implementation something commonly done? Will this implementation put me in a corner? I thought it might be a better thing to create some sort of SubEntityComponent where sub entities are attached and handled. But before changing anything I wanted to seek the community's wisdom.

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  • My server is behind a router. How can I see my website correctly? [closed]

    - by Tokyo Dan
    I'm running a web server (Ubuntu) on my local home network. I'm behind a router. On the WAN I have a direct IP. When not on my home network and accessing my website via the WAN direct IP my website displays correctly and everything works. On my home LAN behind the router, accessing my website via the WAN direct gets me to my router's admin login page. This is normal. But... Accessing my website (via it's home LAN IP address) from another computer on my home LAN gets me to the website but the layout display is broken and clicking on any link takes me to the WAN direct IP (my router's Admin login page). How can i get my website to display properly and the links to work when accessing it from my home LAN?

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  • Access Violation when trying to bind Vertex Object Array

    - by Paul
    I've just started digging into OpenGL and I've run into a problem trying to set a VOA. It's giving me a run-time error of : An unhandled exception of type 'System.AccessViolationException' At // Create and bind a VAO GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); I have searched the internet high and low for a solution and I haven't found one. The rest of my function looks like this: int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { // Initialise GLFW if( !glfwInit() ) { fprintf( stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW\n" ); return -1; } glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_FSAA_SAMPLES, 0); // 4x antialiasing glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); // We want OpenGL 3.3 glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwOpenWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); //We don't want the old OpenGL // Open a window and create its OpenGL context if( !glfwOpenWindow( 800, 600, 0,0,0,0, 32,0, GLFW_WINDOW ) ) { fprintf( stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window\n" ); glfwTerminate(); return -1; } // Initialize GLEW if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW\n"); return -1; } glfwSetWindowTitle( "Game Engine" ); // Create and bind a VAO GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); glfwEnable( GLFW_STICKY_KEYS );

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  • Is it possible to calculate or mathematically prove if a game is balanced / fair?

    - by Lurca
    This question is not focussed on video games but games in general. I went to a boardgame trade fair yesterday and asked myself if there is a way to calculate the fairness of a game. Sure, some of them require a good portion of luck, but it might be possible to calculate if some character is overpowered. Especially in role-playing games and trading card games. How, for example, can the creators of "Magic: The Gathering" make sure that there isn't the "one card that beats them all", given the impressive number of available cards?

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  • What's the best way to generate an NPC's face using web technologies?

    - by Vael Victus
    I'm in the process of creating a web app. I have many randomly-generated non-player characters in a database. I can pull a lot of information about them - their height, weight, down to eye color, hair color, and hair style. For this, I am solely interested in generating a graphical representation of the face. Currently the information is displayed with text in the nicest way possible, but I believe it's worth generating these faces for a more... human experience. Problem is, I'm not artist. I wouldn't mind commissioning an artist for this system, but I wouldn't know where to start. Were it 2007, I'd naturally think to myself that using Flash would be the best choice. I'd love to see "breathing" simulated. However, since Flash is on its way out, I'm not sure of a solid solution. With a previous game, I simply used layered .pngs to represent various aspects of the player's body: their armor, the face, the skin color. However, these solutions weren't very dynamic and felt very amateur. I can't go deep into this project feeling like that's an inferior way to present these faces, and I'm certain there's a better way. Can anyone give some suggestion on how to pull this off well?

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  • Drawing text from update method in XNA

    - by Sigh-AniDe
    I am having a problem drawing the "Game Over!" text once the user is on the last tile. This is what I have: The Update and drawText methods are in a class named turtle: public void Update(float scalingFactor, int[,] map, SpriteBatch batch, SpriteFont font) { if (isMovable(mapX, mapY - 1, map)) { position.Y = position.Y - (int)scalingFactor; angle = 0.0f; Program.form.direction = ""; if (mapX == 17 && mapY == 1)// This is the last tile(Tested) { Program.form.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; drawText(batch, font); } } } public void drawText(SpriteBatch spritebatch, SpriteFont spriteFont) { textPosition.X = 200; // a vector2 textPosition.Y = 200; spritebatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend); spritebatch.DrawString(spriteFont, "Game Over!!!", textPosition, Color.Red); spritebatch.End(); } This update is in the Game1 class: protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); turtle.Update(scalingFactor, map, spriteBatch, font); base.Update(gameTime); } I have also added the font content to LoadContent: font = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("fontType"); What am I doing wrong? Why does the text not want to show on game completion? If I call the turtle.draw() in the main Draw method. The "Game Over" text stays on screen from the beggining. What am I missing? Thanks

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  • Errors happen when using World.destroyBody( Body body )

    - by minami
    on Android application using libgdx, when I use World.destroyBody( Body body ) method, once in a while the application suddenly shuts down. Is there some setting I need to do with body collision or Box2DDebugRenderer before I destroy bodies? Below is the source I use for destroying bodies. private void deleteUnusedObject( ) { for( Iterator<Body> iter = mWorld.getBodies() ; iter.hasNext() ; ){ Body body = iter.next( ) ; if( body.getUserData( ) != null ) { Box2DUserData data = (Box2DUserData) body.getUserData( ) ; if( ! data.getActFlag() ) { if( body != null ) { mWorld.destroyBody( body ) ; } } } } } Thanks

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  • What platform were old TV video games developed on?

    - by Mihir
    I am very eager to know how TV video games (which we all used to play in our childhood) were developed and on which platform. I know how games are developed for mobile devices, Windows PC's and Mac but I'm not getting how (in those days) Contra, Duck Hunt and all those games were developed. As they have high graphics and a large number of stages. So how did they manage to develop games in such a small size environment and with lower configuration platform?

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  • Should I make the Cells in a Tiledmap as null when my player hits it

    - by Vishal Kumar
    I am making a Tile Based game using Libgdx. I took the idea from SuperKoalio platformer demo by Mario Zencher. When I wanted to implement Collectables in my game , I simply draw the coins using Tiled Map Editor. When my player hits that, I use to set that cell as null. Someday on this site suggested me not to do so... never use null. I agreed. What can be any other way. If I am using layer.setCell(x,y) to set the cell to any other cell... even if an transparent one .. my player seems to be stopped by an invisible object/hurdle. This is my code: for (Rectangle tile : tiles) { if (koalaRect.overlaps(tile)) { TiledMapTileLayer layer = (TiledMapTileLayer) map.getLayers().get(1); try{ type = layer.getCell((int) tile.x, (int) tile.y).getTile().getProperties().get("tileType").toString(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.print("Exception in Tiles Property"+e); type="nonbreakable"; } //Let us destroy this cell if(("award".equals(type))){ layer.setCell((int) tile.x, (int) tile.y, null); listener.coin(); score+=100; test = ""+layer.getCell(0, 0).getTile().getProperties().get("tileType"); } //DOING THIS GIVES A BAD EFFECT if(("killer".equals(type))){ //player.health--; //layer.setCell((int) tile.x, (int) tile.y, layer.getCell(20,0)); } // we actually reset the player y-position here // so it is just below/above the tile we collided with // this removes bouncing :) if (player.velocity.y > 0) { player.position.y = (tile.y - Player.height); } Is this a right approach? OR I should create separate Sprite Class called Coin.

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  • How was collision detection handled in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past?

    - by Restart
    I would like to know how the collision detection was done in The Legend of Zelda: A Link To The Past. The game is 16x16 tile based, so how did they do the tiles where only a quarter or half of the tile is occupied? Did they use a smaller grid for collision detection like 8x8 tiles, so four of them make one 16x16 tile of the texture grid? But then, they also have true half tiles which are diagonally cut and the corners of the tiles seem to be round or something. If Link walks into tiles corner he can keep on walking and automatically moves around it's corner. How is that done? I hope someone can help me out here.

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  • Does use of simple shaders improve performace/battery life?

    - by Miro
    I'm making OpenGL game for Android. Till now i've used only fixed function pipeline, but i'm rendering simple things. Fixed function pipeline includes a lot of stuff i don't need. So i'm thinking about implementing shaders in my game to simplify OpenGL pipeline if it can make better performance. Better performance = better battery life, unless fps is limited by software limit, not hardware power.

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  • Dynamic Dijkstra

    - by Dani
    I need dynamic dijkstra algorithm that can update itself when edge's cost is changed without a full recalculation. Full recalculation is not an option. I've tryed to "brew" my own implemantion with no success. I've also tryed to find on the Internet but found nothing. A link to an article explaining the algorithm or even it's name will be good. Edit: Thanks everyone for answering. I managed to make algorithm of my own that runs in O(V+E) time, if anyone wishes to know the algorithm just say so and I will post it.

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  • Why does glGetString returns a NULL string

    - by snape
    I am trying my hands at GLFW library. I have written a basic program to get OpenGL renderer and vendor string. Here is the code #include <GL/glew.h> #include <GL/glfw.h> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> using namespace std; void shutDown(int returnCode) { printf("There was an error in running the code with error %d\n",returnCode); GLenum res = glGetError(); const GLubyte *errString = gluErrorString(res); printf("Error is %s\n", errString); glfwTerminate(); exit(returnCode); } int main() { // start GL context and O/S window using GLFW helper library if (glfwInit() != GL_TRUE) shutDown(1); if (glfwOpenWindow(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, GLFW_WINDOW) != GL_TRUE) shutDown(2); // start GLEW extension handler glewInit(); // get version info const GLubyte* renderer = glGetString (GL_RENDERER); // get renderer string const GLubyte* version = glGetString (GL_VERSION); // version as a string printf("Renderer: %s\n", renderer); printf("OpenGL version supported %s\n", version); // close GL context and any other GLFW resources glfwTerminate(); return 0; } I googled this error and found out that we have to initialize the OpenGL context before calling glGetString(). Although I have initialized OpenGL context using glfwInit() but still the function returns a NULL string. Any ideas? Edit I have updated the code with error checking mechanisms. This code on running outputs the following There was an error in running the code with error 2 Error is no error

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  • How AlphaBlend Blendstate works in XNA 4 when accumulighting light into a RenderTarget?

    - by cubrman
    I am using a Deferred Rendering engine from Catalin Zima's tutorial: His lighting shader returns the color of the light in the rgb channels and the specular component in the alpha channel. Here is how light gets accumulated: Game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(LightRT); Game.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend; // Continuously draw 3d spheres with lighting pixel shader. ... Game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; MSDN states that AlphaBlend field of the BlendState class uses the next formula for alphablending: (source × Blend.SourceAlpha) + (destination × Blend.InvSourceAlpha), where "source" is the color of the pixel returned by the shader and "destination" is the color of the pixel in the rendertarget. My question is why do my colors are accumulated correctly in the Light rendertarget even when the new pixels' alphas equal zero? As a quick sanity check I ran the following code in the light's pixel shader: float specularLight = 0; float4 light4 = attenuation * lightIntensity * float4(diffuseLight.rgb,specularLight); if (light4.a == 0) light4 = 0; return light4; This prevents lighting from getting accumulated and, subsequently, drawn on the screen. But when I do the following: float specularLight = 0; float4 light4 = attenuation * lightIntensity * float4(diffuseLight.rgb,specularLight); return light4; The light is accumulated and drawn exactly where it needs to be. What am I missing? According to the formula above: (source x 0) + (destination x 1) should equal destination, so the "LightRT" rendertarget must not change when I draw light spheres into it! It feels like the GPU is using the Additive blend instead: (source × Blend.One) + (destination × Blend.One)

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  • Get Specific depth values in Kinect (XNA)

    - by N0xus
    I'm currently trying to make a hand / finger tracking with a kinect in XNA. For this, I need to be able to specify the depth range I want my program to render. I've looked about, and I cannot see how this is done. As far as I can tell, kinect's depth values only work with pre-set ranged found in the depthStream. What I would like to do is make it modular so that I can change the depth range my kinect renders. I know this has been down before but I can't find anything online that can show me how to do this. Could someone please help me out? I have made it possible to render the standard depth view with the kinect, and the method that I have made for converting the depth frame is as follows (I've a feeling its something in here I need to set) private byte[] ConvertDepthFrame(short[] depthFrame, DepthImageStream depthStream, int depthFrame32Length) { int tooNearDepth = depthStream.TooNearDepth; int tooFarDepth = depthStream.TooFarDepth; int unknownDepth = depthStream.UnknownDepth; byte[] depthFrame32 = new byte[depthFrame32Length]; for (int i16 = 0, i32 = 0; i16 < depthFrame.Length && i32 < depthFrame32.Length; i16++, i32 += 4) { int player = depthFrame[i16] & DepthImageFrame.PlayerIndexBitmask; int realDepth = depthFrame[i16] >> DepthImageFrame.PlayerIndexBitmaskWidth; // transform 13-bit depth information into an 8-bit intensity appropriate // for display (we disregard information in most significant bit) byte intensity = (byte)(~(realDepth >> 8)); if (player == 0 && realDepth == 00) { // white depthFrame32[i32 + RedIndex] = 255; depthFrame32[i32 + GreenIndex] = 255; depthFrame32[i32 + BlueIndex] = 255; } // omitted other if statements. Simple changed the color of the pixels if they went out of the pre=set depth values else { // tint the intensity by dividing by per-player values depthFrame32[i32 + RedIndex] = (byte)(intensity >> IntensityShiftByPlayerR[player]); depthFrame32[i32 + GreenIndex] = (byte)(intensity >> IntensityShiftByPlayerG[player]); depthFrame32[i32 + BlueIndex] = (byte)(intensity >> IntensityShiftByPlayerB[player]); } } return depthFrame32; } I have a strong hunch it's something I need to change in the int player and int realDepth values, but i can't be sure.

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  • How do I generate a level randomly?

    - by Charlton Santana
    I am currently hard coding 10 different instances like the code below, but but I'd like to create many more. Instead of having the same layout for the new level, I was wondering if there is anyway to generate a random X value for each block (this will be how far into the level it is). A level 100,000 pixels wide would be good enough but if anyone knows a system to make the level go on and on, I'd like to know that too. This is basically how I define a block now (with irrelevant code removed): block = new Block(R.drawable.block, 400, platformheight); block2 = new Block(R.drawable.block, 600, platformheight); block3 = new Block(R.drawable.block, 750, platformheight); The 400 is the X position, which I'd like to place randomly through the level, the platformheight variable defines the Y position which I don't want to change.

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  • Can't read .cso files but I can read their .hlsl versions?

    - by Jader J Rivera
    Well I've been trying to read a .cso file to use as a shader for a DirectX program I'm currently making. Problem is no matter how I implemented a way to read the file it never worked. And after fidgeting around I discover that it's only the .cso files I can't read. I can read anything else (which means it works) even their .hlsl files. Which is strange because the .hlsl (high level shader language) files are supposed to turn into .cso (compiled shader object) files. What I'm currently doing is: vector<byte> Read(string File){ vector<byte> Text; fstream file(File, ios::in | ios::ate | ios::binary); if(file.is_open()){ Text.resize(file.tellg()); file.seekg(0 , ios::beg); file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&Text[0]), Text.size()); file.close(); } return Text; }; If I then implement it. Read("VertexShader.hlsl"); //Works Read("VertexShader.cso"); //Doesn't Works?!?! And I need the .cso version of the shader to draw my sexy triangles. Without it my life and application will never continue and I have no idea what could be wrong. (I've also asked this at stack overflow but still no answers.)

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