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  • How can you get the call tree with python profilers?

    - by Oliver
    I used to use a nice Apple profiler that is built into the System Monitor application. As long as your C++ code was compiled with debug information, you could sample your running application and it would print out an indented tree telling you what percent of the parent function's time was spent in this function (and the body vs. other function calls). For instance, if main called function_1 and function_2, function_2 calls function_3, and then main calls function_3: main (100%, 1% in function body): function_1 (9%, 9% in function body): function_2 (90%, 85% in function body): function_3 (100%, 100% in function body) function_3 (1%, 1% in function body) I would see this and think, "Something is taking a long time in the code in the body of function_2. If I want my program to be faster, that's where I should start." Does anyone know how I can most easily get this exact profiling output for a python program? I've seen people say to do this: import cProfile, pstats prof = cProfile.Profile() prof = prof.runctx("real_main(argv)", globals(), locals()) stats = pstats.Stats(prof) stats.sort_stats("time") # Or cumulative stats.print_stats(80) # 80 = how many to print but it's quite messy compared to that elegant call tree. Please let me know if you can easily do this, it would help quite a bit. Cheers!

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  • fail-fast iterator

    - by joy
    I get this definition : As name suggest fail-fast Iterators fail as soon as they realized that structure of Collection has been changed since iteration has begun. what it mean by since iteration has begun? is that mean after Iterator it=set.iterator() this line of code? public static void customize(BufferedReader br) throws IOException{ Set<String> set=new HashSet<String>(); // Actual type parameter added **Iterator it=set.iterator();**

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  • How to create a complete binary tree of height 'h' using Python?

    - by Jack
    Here is the node structure class Node: def __init__(self, data): # initializes the data members self.left = None self.right = None self.parent = None self.data = data complete binary tree Definition: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible. -- http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/dads/HTML/completeBinaryTree.html I am looking for an efficient algorithm.

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  • Skipping the BufferedReader readLine() method in java

    - by DDP
    Is there a easy way to skip the readLine() method in java if it takes longer than, say, 2 seconds? Here's the context in which I'm asking this question: public void run() { boolean looping = true; while(looping) { for(int x = 0; x<clientList.size(); x++) { try { Comm s = clientList.get(x); String str = s.recieve(); // code that does something based on the string in the line above } // other stuff like catch methods } } } Comm is a class I wrote, and the receive method, which contains a BufferedReader called "in", is this: public String recieve() { try { if(active) return in.readLine(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("Comm Error 2: "+e); } return ""; } I've noticed that the program stops and waits for the input stream to have something to read before continuing. Which is bad, because I need the program to keep looping (as it loops, it goes to all the other clients and asks for input). Is there a way to skip the readLine() process if there's nothing to read? I'm also pretty sure that I'm not explaining this well, so please ask me questions if I'm being confusing.

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  • Where do I put javaassist code?

    - by DutrowLLC
    I have an application running on google app engine. I'm using restlets and I have a couple of layers set up including the restlet layer, the model layer, the business layer, and the data layer. I'm attempting to use javaassist to modify some classes, but I'm unsure where to actually put the code. I tried to put the code in the static initialization block: public class Person { String firstName; String getFirstName(){return null;} static{ ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault(); try { CtClass CtPerson = pool.get("Person"); CtMethod CtGetFirstName = CtPerson.getDeclaredMethod("GetFirstName"); CtGetFirstName.setBody("return firstName;"); CtPerson.toClass(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ...but that resulted in this error: javassist.CannotCompileException:.....attempted duplicate class definition...". I guess it makes sense that I can't edit the class file in the middle of its generation. I know the code works because I was able to run it correctly by simply putting it in a location that would run when I sent the program a command. (accessed a Restlet resource). The code ran fine if an instance of the class had not already been instantiated, however once I instantiated an instance of the affected class, the javaassist code failed. I assume I need to put this code somewhere that it will only run either: once after the program starts, directly before a class is instantiated for the first time, or even better, during compile time.

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  • How to get application context path in spring-ws?

    - by Dhaliwal
    I am using Spring-WS to create a webservice. In my project, I have created a Helper class to reads sample response and request xml file which are located in my /src/main/resource folder. When I am unit-testing my webservice application 'locally', I use the System.getProperty("user.dir") to get the application context folder. The following is a method that I created in the Helper class to help me retrieve the file that I am interested in my resource folder. public static File getFileFromResources(String filename) { System.out.println("Getting file from resource folder"); File request = null; String curDir = System.getProperty("user.dir"); String contextpath = "C:\\src\\main\\resources\\"; request = new File(curDir + contextpath + filename); return request; } However, after 'publishing' the compiled WAR file to the ../webapps folder to the Apache Tomcat directory, I realise that System.getProperty("user.dir") no longer returns my application context path. Instead, it is returning the Apache Tomcat root directory as shown C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\src\main\resources\SampleClientFile I cant seem to find any information about getting the root folder of my webservice. I have seen examples on Spring web application where I can retrieve the context path by using the following : request.getSession().getServletContext().getContextPath() But in this case, I am using a Spring web application where there is a servlet context in the request. But the Spring-WS, my entry point is an endpoint. How can I get the context path of my webservice application. I am expecting a context path of something like C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\webapps\clientWebService\WEB-INF\classes Could someone suggest a way to achieve this?

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  • Connecting an overloaded PyQT signal using new-style syntax

    - by Claudio
    I am designing a custom widget which is basically a QGroupBox holding a configurable number of QCheckBox buttons, where each one of them should control a particular bit in a bitmask represented by a QBitArray. In order to do that, I added the QCheckBox instances to a QButtonGroup, with each button given an integer ID: def populate(self, num_bits, parent = None): """ Adds check boxes to the GroupBox according to the bitmask size """ self.bitArray.resize(num_bits) layout = QHBoxLayout() for i in range(num_bits): cb = QCheckBox() cb.setText(QString.number(i)) self.buttonGroup.addButton(cb, i) layout.addWidget(cb) self.setLayout(layout) Then, each time a user would click on a checkbox contained in self.buttonGroup, I'd like self.bitArray to be notified so I can set/unset the corresponding bit in the array. For that I intended to connect QButtonGroup's buttonClicked(int) signal to QBitArray's toggleBit(int) method and, to be as pythonic as possible, I wanted to use new-style signals syntax, so I tried this: self.buttonGroup.buttonClicked.connect(self.bitArray.toggleBit) The problem is that buttonClicked is an overloaded signal, so there is also the buttonClicked(QAbstractButton*) signature. In fact, when the program is executing I get this error when I click a check box: The debugged program raised the exception unhandled TypeError "QBitArray.toggleBit(int): argument 1 has unexpected type 'QCheckBox'" which clearly shows the toggleBit method received the buttonClicked(QAbstractButton*) signal instead of the buttonClicked(int) one. So, the question is, how can we specify, using new-style syntax, that self.buttonGroup emits the buttonClicked(int) signal instead of the default overload - buttonClicked(QAbstractButton*)?

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  • Python CLI tool - general parsing question

    - by WinkyWolly
    If possible I would like to use the following structure for a command however I can't seem to figure out how to achieve this in Python: ./somescript.py arg <optional argument> -- "some long argument" Would it be possible to achieve this in a feasible manner without too much dirty code? Or should I just reconsider the syntax (which is primarily preference). Thanks!

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  • extension methods with generics - when does caller need to include type parameters?

    - by Greg
    Hi, Is there a rule for knowing when one has to pass the generic type parameters in the client code when calling an extension method? So for example in the Program class why can I (a) not pass type parameters for top.AddNode(node), but where as later for the (b) top.AddRelationship line I have to pass them? class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Create Graph var top = new TopologyImp<string>(); // Add Node var node = new StringNode(); node.Name = "asdf"; var node2 = new StringNode(); node2.Name = "test child"; top.AddNode(node); top.AddNode(node2); top.AddRelationship<string, RelationshipsImp>(node,node2); // *** HERE *** } } public static class TopologyExtns { public static void AddNode<T>(this ITopology<T> topIf, INode<T> node) { topIf.Nodes.Add(node.Key, node); } public static INode<T> FindNode<T>(this ITopology<T> topIf, T searchKey) { return topIf.Nodes[searchKey]; } public static void AddRelationship<T,R>(this ITopology<T> topIf, INode<T> parentNode, INode<T> childNode) where R : IRelationship<T>, new() { var rel = new R(); rel.Child = childNode; rel.Parent = parentNode; } } public class TopologyImp<T> : ITopology<T> { public Dictionary<T, INode<T>> Nodes { get; set; } public TopologyImp() { Nodes = new Dictionary<T, INode<T>>(); } }

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  • C system calls open / read / write / close problem.

    - by Andrei Ciobanu
    Hello, given the following code (it's supposed to write "hellowolrd" in a "helloworld" file, and then read the text): #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #define FNAME "helloworld" int main(){ int filedes, nbytes; char buf[128]; /* Creates a file */ if((filedes=open(FNAME, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) == -1){ write(2, "Error1\n", 7); } /* Writes hellow world to file */ if(write(filedes, FNAME, 10) != 10) write(2, "Error2\n", 7); /* Close file */ close(filedes); if((filedes = open(FNAME, O_RDONLY))==-1) write(2, "Error3\n", 7); /* Prints file contents on screen */ if((nbytes=read(filedes, buf, 128)) == -1) write(2, "Error4\n", 7); if(write(1, buf, nbytes) != nbytes) write(2, "Error5\n", 7); /* Close rile afte read */ close(filedes); return (0); } The first time i run the program, the output is: helloworld After that every time I to run the program, the output is: Error1 Error2 helloworld I don't understand why the text isn't appended, as I've specified the O_APPEND file. Is it because I've included O_CREAT ? It the file is already created, shouldn't O_CREAT be ignored ?

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  • MySQL app with Cassandra in mind

    - by SODA
    I am planning to make a web app which will eventually use Cassandra. But now that I don't have it and don't have server(s) to run it from, I'd like to start by using MySQL. The question is, is it possible to structure data and queries in such a way that it would be fairly easy to later port it to Cassandra? Main idea, I guess, would be writing MySQL queries that would be possible to change to same Cassandra queries. Maybe you have a better suggestion?

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  • Use database field maxlength as html layout input maxlength best practice. asp.net mvc

    - by Andrew Florko
    Hello everybody, There are string length limitations in database structure (email is declared as nvarchar[30] for instance) There are lots of html forms that has input textbox fields that should be limited in length for that reason. What is the best practice to synchronize database fields and html layout input fields length limitations ? Can it be done automatically (html layout input fields declared the same max length as database data they represent)? Thank you in advance.

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  • Very strange Application.ThreadException behaviour.

    - by Brann
    I'm using the Application.ThreadException event to handle and log unexpected exceptions in my winforms application. Now, somewhere in my application, I've got the following code (or rather something equivalent, but this dummy code is enough to reproduce my issue) : try { throw new NullReferenceException("test"); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("test2", ex); } I'm clearly expecting my Application_ThreadException handler to be passed the "test2" exception, but this is not always the case. Typically, if another thread marshals my code to the UI, my handler receives the "test" exception, exactly as if I hadn't caught "test" at all. Here is a short sample reproducing this behavior. I have omitted the designer's code. static class Program { [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.ThreadException += new System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventHandler(Application_ThreadException); Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); } static void Application_ThreadException(object sender, System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Exception.Message); } } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); button1.Click+=new EventHandler(button1_Click); System.Threading.Thread t = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(ThrowEx)); t.Start(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { throw new NullReferenceException("test"); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("test2", ex); } } void ThrowEx() { this.BeginInvoke(new EventHandler(button1_Click)); } } The output of this program on my computer is : test ... here I click button1 test2 I've reproduced this on .net 2.0,3.5 and 4.0. Does someone have a logical explanation ?

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  • How do I implement graphs and graph algorithms in a functional programming language?

    - by brad
    Basically, I know how to create graph data structures and use Dijkstra's algorithm in programming languages where side effects are allowed. Typically, graph algorithms use a structure to mark certain nodes as 'visited', but this has side effects, which I'm trying to avoid. I can think of one way to implement this in a functional language, but it basically requires passing around large amounts of state to different functions, and I'm wondering if there is a more space-efficient solution.

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  • Efective way to avoid integer overflow when multiplying?

    - by Jonathan
    Hi, I'm working on a hash function which gets a string as input. Right now I'm doing a loop and inside the hash (an int variable) is being multiplied by a value and then the ASCII code for the current character is added to the mix. hash = hash * seed + string[i] But sometimes, if the string is big enough there is an integer overflow there, what can I do to avoid it while maintaining the same hash structure? Maybe a bit operation included inside the loop?

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  • Does fast typing influence fast programming? [closed]

    - by Lukasz Lew
    Many young programmers think that their bottleneck is typing speed. After some experience one realizes that it is not the case, you have to think much more than type. At some point my room-mate forced me to turn of the light (he sleeps during the night). I had to learn to touch type and I experienced an actual improvement in programming skill. The most surprising was that the improvement not due to sheer typing speed, but to a change in mindset. I'm less afraid now to try new things and refactor them later if they work well. It's like having a new tool in the bag. Have anyone of you had similar experience? Now I trained a touch typing a little with KTouch. I find auto-generate lessons the best. I can use this program to create new lessons out of text files but it's only verbatim training, not auto-generated based on a language model. Do you know any touch typing program that allows creation of custom, but randomized lessons?

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  • Storing float numbers as strings in android database

    - by sandis
    So I have an app where I put arbitrary strings in a database and later extract them like this: Cursor DBresult = myDatabase.query(false, Constant.DATABASE_NOTES_TABLE_NAME, new String[] {"myStuff"}, where, null, null, null, null, null); DBresult.getString(0); This works fine in all cases except for when the string looks like a float number, for example "221.123123123". After saving it to the database I can extract the database to my computer and look inside it with a DB-viewer, and the saved number is correct. However, when using cursor.getString() the string "221.123" is returned. I cant for the life of me understand how I can prevent this. I guess I could do a cursor.getDouble() on every single string to see if this gives a better result, but that feels sooo ugly and inefficient. Any suggestions? Cheers, edit: I just made a small test program. This program prints "result: 123.123", when I would like it to print "result: 123.123123123" SQLiteDatabase database = openOrCreateDatabase("databas", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null); database.execSQL("create table if not exists tabell (nyckel string primary key);"); ContentValues value = new ContentValues(); value.put("nyckel", "123.123123123"); database.insert("tabell", null, value); Cursor result = database.query("tabell", new String[]{"nyckel"}, null, null, null, null, null); result.moveToFirst(); Log.d("TAG","result: " + result.getString(0));

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  • Debugging an XBAP application with 64-bit browser

    - by Anne Schuessler
    We have an XBAP application that fails when opened in Internet Explorer 8 64 bit. We only get a pretty generic error which makes it hard to determine where the error is coming from. I'm trying to find a way to debug the application with IE 8 64 bit, but I haven't figured out how to do this. I can't set the 64 bit version as the standard browser and overwriting the browser path in the browsers.xml for Visual Studio doesn't work as well. It just gets overwritten as soon as I hit F5 to debug to point to the 32 bit IE. I have figured out how to start the application from Debug with the 64 bit browser by changing the Debug options from "Start browser with URL" to "Start external program" and setting the command line arguments to point to the bin folder. Unfortunately then the XBAP is looking for its config.deploy file which doesn't seem to be generated during regular debug. This doesn't happen when using "Start browser with URL" and the application doesn't seem to care for this file then. Does anybody know why there's a difference between "Start browser with URL" and "Start external program" in the Debug options which might cause this difference in behavior when Debug is started? Also, does anybody know how to successfully debug an XBAP with a 64-bit browser?

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  • How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

    - by user321521
    I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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  • SQL/Schema comparison and upgrade

    - by Workshop Alex
    I have a simple situation. A large organisation is using several different versions of some (desktop) application and each version has it's own database structure. There are about 200 offices and each office will have it's own version, which can be one of 7 different ones. The company wants to upgrade all applications to the latest versions, which will be version 8. The problem is that they don't have a separate database for each version. Nor do they have a separate database for each office. They have one single database which is handled by a dedicated server, thus keeping things like management and backups easier. Every office has it's own database schema and within the schema there's the whole database structure for their specific application version. As a result, I'm dealing with 200 different schema's which need to be upgraded, each with 7 possible versions. Fortunately, every schema knows the proper version so checking the version isn't difficult. But my problem is that I need to create upgrade scripts which can upgrade from version 1 to version 2 to version 3 to etc... Basically, all schema's need to be bumped up one version until they're all version 8. Writing the code that will do this is no problem. the challenge is how to create the upgrade script from one version to the other? Preferably with some automated tool. I've examined RedGate's SQL Compare and Altova's DatabaseSpy but they're not practical. Altova is way too slow. RedGate requires too much processing afterwards, since the generated SQL Script still has a few errors and it refers to the schema name. Furthermore, the code needs to become part of a stored procedure and the code generated by RedGate doesn't really fit inside a single procedure. (Plus, it's doing too much transaction-handling, while I need everything within a single transaction. I have been considering using another SQL Comparison tool but it seems to me that my case is just too different from what standard tools can deliver. So I'm going to write my own comparison tool. To do this, I'll be using ADOX with Delphi to read the catalogues for every schema version in the database, then use this to write the SQL Statements that will need to upgrade these schema's to their next version. (Comparing 1 with 2, 2 with 3, 3 with 4, etc.) I'm not unfamiliar with generating SQL-Script-Generators so I don't expect too many problems. And I'll only be upgrading the table structures, not any of the other database objects. So, does anyone have some good tips and tricks to apply when doing this kind of comparisons? Things to be aware of? Practical tips to increase speed?

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  • How to Inject code in c# method calls from a separate app

    - by Fusspawn
    I was curious if anyone knew of a way of monitoring a .Net application's runtime info (what method is being called and such) and injecting extra code to be run on certain methods from a separate running process. say i have two applications: app1.exe that for simplicity's sake could be class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { while(true){ Somefunc(); } } static void Somefunc() { Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); } } and I have a second application that I wish to be able to detect when Somefunc() from application 1 is running and inject its own code, class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { while(true){ if(App1.SomeFuncIsCalled) InjectCode(); } } static void InjectCode() { App1.Console.WriteLine("Hello World Injected"); } } So The result would be Application one would show Hello World Hello World Injected I understand its not going to be this simple ( By a long shot ) but I have no idea if it's even possible and if it is where to even start. Any suggestions ? I've seen similar done in java, But never in c#. EDIT: To clarify, the usage of this would be to add a plugin system to a .Net based game that I do not have access to the source code of.

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  • alternative to #include within namespace { } block

    - by Jeff
    Edit: I know that method 1 is essentially invalid and will probably use method 2, but I'm looking for the best hack or a better solution to mitigate rampant, mutable namespace proliferation. I have multiple class or method definitions in one namespace that have different dependencies, and would like to use the fewest namespace blocks or explicit scopings possible but while grouping #include directives with the definitions that require them as best as possible. I've never seen any indication that any preprocessor could be told to exclude namespace {} scoping from #include contents, but I'm here to ask if something similar to this is possible: (see bottom for explanation of why I want something dead simple) // NOTE: apple.h, etc., contents are *NOT* intended to be in namespace Foo! // would prefer something most this: namespace Foo { #include "apple.h" B *A::blah(B const *x) { /* ... */ } #include "banana.h" int B::whatever(C const &var) { /* ... */ } #include "blueberry.h" void B::something() { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo ... // over this: #include "apple.h" #include "banana.h" #include "blueberry.h" namespace Foo { B *A::blah(B const *x) { /* ... */ } int B::whatever(C const &var) { /* ... */ } void B::something() { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo ... // or over this: #include "apple.h" namespace Foo { B *A::blah(B const *x) { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo #include "banana.h" namespace Foo { int B::whatever(C const &var) { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo #include "blueberry.h" namespace Foo { void B::something() { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo My real problem is that I have projects where a module may need to be branched but have coexisting components from the branches in the same program. I have classes like FooA, etc., that I've called Foo::A in the hopes being able to branch less painfully as Foo::v1_2::A, where some program may need both a Foo::A and a Foo::v1_2::A. I'd like "Foo" or "Foo::v1_2" to show up only really once per file, as a single namespace block, if possible. Moreover, I tend to prefer to locate blocks of #include directives immediately above the first definition in the file that requires them. What's my best choice, or alternatively, what should I be doing instead of hijacking the namespaces?

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