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  • How to create a complete binary tree of height 'h' using Python?

    - by Jack
    Here is the node structure class Node: def __init__(self, data): # initializes the data members self.left = None self.right = None self.parent = None self.data = data complete binary tree Definition: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible. -- http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/sqg/dads/HTML/completeBinaryTree.html I am looking for an efficient algorithm.

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  • How to eliminate tearing from animation?

    - by MusiGenesis
    I'm running an animation in a WinForms app at 18.66666... frames per second (it's synced with music at 140 BPM, which is why the frame rate is weird). Each cel of the animation is pre-calculated, and the animation is driven by a high-resolution multimedia timer. The animation itself is smooth, but I am seeing a significant amount of "tearing", or artifacts that result from cels being caught partway through a screen refresh. When I take the set of cels rendered by my program and write them out to an AVI file, and then play the AVI file in Windows Media Player, I do not see any tearing at all. I assume that WMP plays the file smoothly because it uses DirectX (or something else) and is able to synchronize the rendering with the screen's refresh activity. It's not changing the frame rate, as the animation stays in sync with the audio. Is this why WMP is able to render the animation without tearing, or am I missing something? Is there any way I can use DirectX (or something else) in order to enable my program to be aware of where the current scan line is, and if so, is there any way I can use that information to eliminate tearing without actually using DirectX for displaying the cels? Or do I have to fully use DirectX for rendering in order to deal with this problem? Update: forgot a detail. My app renders each cell onto a PictureBox using Graphics.DrawImage. Is this significantly slower than using BitBlt, such that I might eliminate at least some of the tearing by using BitBlt?

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  • Python CLI tool - general parsing question

    - by WinkyWolly
    If possible I would like to use the following structure for a command however I can't seem to figure out how to achieve this in Python: ./somescript.py arg <optional argument> -- "some long argument" Would it be possible to achieve this in a feasible manner without too much dirty code? Or should I just reconsider the syntax (which is primarily preference). Thanks!

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  • Execute process conditionally in Windows PowerShell (e.g. the && and || operators in Bash)

    - by Dustin
    I'm wondering if anybody knows of a way to conditionally execute a program depending on the exit success/failure of the previous program. Is there any way for me to execute a program2 immediately after program1 if program1 exits successfully without testing the LASTEXITCODE variable? I tried the -band and -and operators to no avail, though I had a feeling they wouldn't work anyway, and the best substitute is a combination of a semicolon and an if statement. I mean, when it comes to building a package somewhat automatically from source on Linux, the && operator can't be beaten: # Configure a package, compile it and install it ./configure && make && sudo make install PowerShell would require me to do the following, assuming I could actually use the same build system in PowerShell: # Configure a package, compile it and install it .\configure ; if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { make ; if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { sudo make install } } Sure, I could use multiple lines, save it in a file and execute the script, but the idea is for it to be concise (save keystrokes). Perhaps it's just a difference between PowerShell and Bash (and even the built-in Windows command prompt which supports the && operator) I'll need to adjust to, but if there's a cleaner way to do it, I'd love to know.

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  • How can you get the call tree with python profilers?

    - by Oliver
    I used to use a nice Apple profiler that is built into the System Monitor application. As long as your C++ code was compiled with debug information, you could sample your running application and it would print out an indented tree telling you what percent of the parent function's time was spent in this function (and the body vs. other function calls). For instance, if main called function_1 and function_2, function_2 calls function_3, and then main calls function_3: main (100%, 1% in function body): function_1 (9%, 9% in function body): function_2 (90%, 85% in function body): function_3 (100%, 100% in function body) function_3 (1%, 1% in function body) I would see this and think, "Something is taking a long time in the code in the body of function_2. If I want my program to be faster, that's where I should start." Does anyone know how I can most easily get this exact profiling output for a python program? I've seen people say to do this: import cProfile, pstats prof = cProfile.Profile() prof = prof.runctx("real_main(argv)", globals(), locals()) stats = pstats.Stats(prof) stats.sort_stats("time") # Or cumulative stats.print_stats(80) # 80 = how many to print but it's quite messy compared to that elegant call tree. Please let me know if you can easily do this, it would help quite a bit. Cheers!

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  • Debugging an XBAP application with 64-bit browser

    - by Anne Schuessler
    We have an XBAP application that fails when opened in Internet Explorer 8 64 bit. We only get a pretty generic error which makes it hard to determine where the error is coming from. I'm trying to find a way to debug the application with IE 8 64 bit, but I haven't figured out how to do this. I can't set the 64 bit version as the standard browser and overwriting the browser path in the browsers.xml for Visual Studio doesn't work as well. It just gets overwritten as soon as I hit F5 to debug to point to the 32 bit IE. I have figured out how to start the application from Debug with the 64 bit browser by changing the Debug options from "Start browser with URL" to "Start external program" and setting the command line arguments to point to the bin folder. Unfortunately then the XBAP is looking for its config.deploy file which doesn't seem to be generated during regular debug. This doesn't happen when using "Start browser with URL" and the application doesn't seem to care for this file then. Does anybody know why there's a difference between "Start browser with URL" and "Start external program" in the Debug options which might cause this difference in behavior when Debug is started? Also, does anybody know how to successfully debug an XBAP with a 64-bit browser?

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  • I seek a PDF paginator

    - by Cameron Laird
    More precisely, I need software that will allow me to consume existing PDF instances, decorate them with page numbers, or page-number-like writing, then write them back to the filesystem. I'll happily pay for an application, or program it myself. I almost certainly require the software run under Linux (Ubuntu, more specifically). iText comes close. iText certainly can read existing PDF instances. While iText is, for this purpose, only a library, and requires me to program a tiny amount to specify where on the page the numbers should appear, I'm happy to do that. I hesitate with iText only because the latest iText license is a headache at certain government agencies (in practice, I'd probably request and pay for a special license), and because, over the last few years, I've observed cases where iText doesn't appear to keep up with the standard, that is, it has more troubles than I expect reading PDFs observed "in the wild". Similarly, every other possibility I know has at least one difficulty: ReportLab would likely require a disproportionate licensing fee for the small value it provides in this situation, and so on. This application requires no particular sophistication with Unicode, fonts, ... I recognize there are plenty of executables and libraries that do some or all of what I require. I welcome any tips on software that is reliable, generally current with PDF practice, flexible/programmable/configurable/..., and "automatable". In the absence of any new insight, I'll likely go with a specific open-source library I don't want to mention now for which I've already contracted enhancements, or perhaps revisit iText.

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  • Very strange Application.ThreadException behaviour.

    - by Brann
    I'm using the Application.ThreadException event to handle and log unexpected exceptions in my winforms application. Now, somewhere in my application, I've got the following code (or rather something equivalent, but this dummy code is enough to reproduce my issue) : try { throw new NullReferenceException("test"); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("test2", ex); } I'm clearly expecting my Application_ThreadException handler to be passed the "test2" exception, but this is not always the case. Typically, if another thread marshals my code to the UI, my handler receives the "test" exception, exactly as if I hadn't caught "test" at all. Here is a short sample reproducing this behavior. I have omitted the designer's code. static class Program { [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.ThreadException += new System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventHandler(Application_ThreadException); Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); } static void Application_ThreadException(object sender, System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Exception.Message); } } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); button1.Click+=new EventHandler(button1_Click); System.Threading.Thread t = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(ThrowEx)); t.Start(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { throw new NullReferenceException("test"); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("test2", ex); } } void ThrowEx() { this.BeginInvoke(new EventHandler(button1_Click)); } } The output of this program on my computer is : test ... here I click button1 test2 I've reproduced this on .net 2.0,3.5 and 4.0. Does someone have a logical explanation ?

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  • How to get application context path in spring-ws?

    - by Dhaliwal
    I am using Spring-WS to create a webservice. In my project, I have created a Helper class to reads sample response and request xml file which are located in my /src/main/resource folder. When I am unit-testing my webservice application 'locally', I use the System.getProperty("user.dir") to get the application context folder. The following is a method that I created in the Helper class to help me retrieve the file that I am interested in my resource folder. public static File getFileFromResources(String filename) { System.out.println("Getting file from resource folder"); File request = null; String curDir = System.getProperty("user.dir"); String contextpath = "C:\\src\\main\\resources\\"; request = new File(curDir + contextpath + filename); return request; } However, after 'publishing' the compiled WAR file to the ../webapps folder to the Apache Tomcat directory, I realise that System.getProperty("user.dir") no longer returns my application context path. Instead, it is returning the Apache Tomcat root directory as shown C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\src\main\resources\SampleClientFile I cant seem to find any information about getting the root folder of my webservice. I have seen examples on Spring web application where I can retrieve the context path by using the following : request.getSession().getServletContext().getContextPath() But in this case, I am using a Spring web application where there is a servlet context in the request. But the Spring-WS, my entry point is an endpoint. How can I get the context path of my webservice application. I am expecting a context path of something like C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\webapps\clientWebService\WEB-INF\classes Could someone suggest a way to achieve this?

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  • MouseMotion Sensor Method Call

    - by user321894
    I have a soon-to-be due assignment due in computer science. I have encountered a problem, for which no matter how long I study the API's of the class and superclasses, I can not figure out. Suppose I wish to design a sort of "Breakout game" where the mouse motion controls the motion of a block that is used to bounce a ball, which then destroys multi colored bricks. How do you specifically make the block "listen" to the mouse? The below code is what I have attempted to achieve the desired results. /** Breakout Program*/ public class Breakout extends GraphicsProgram implements MouseMotionListener { ... /** The Paddle Itself */ private GRect paddle = new GRect(0, HEIGHT-PADDLEBOTTOM_OFFSET, PADDLEWIDTH, PADDLEHEIGHT); ... /** Run the Breakout program. */ public void run() { paddle.setFillColor(Color.BLACK); paddle.setFilled(true); add(paddle); paddle.addMouseListener(this); ... } /** Move the horizontal middle of the paddle to the x-coordinate of the mouse position - * -but keep the paddle completely on the board. */ public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { GPoint p= new GPoint(e.getPoint()); double x = p.getX(); paddle.setLocation(x, HEIGHT-PADDLEBOTTOM_OFFSET); } } Any clarification on why/what I am doing incorrectly would be helpful, thanks.

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  • SQL/Schema comparison and upgrade

    - by Workshop Alex
    I have a simple situation. A large organisation is using several different versions of some (desktop) application and each version has it's own database structure. There are about 200 offices and each office will have it's own version, which can be one of 7 different ones. The company wants to upgrade all applications to the latest versions, which will be version 8. The problem is that they don't have a separate database for each version. Nor do they have a separate database for each office. They have one single database which is handled by a dedicated server, thus keeping things like management and backups easier. Every office has it's own database schema and within the schema there's the whole database structure for their specific application version. As a result, I'm dealing with 200 different schema's which need to be upgraded, each with 7 possible versions. Fortunately, every schema knows the proper version so checking the version isn't difficult. But my problem is that I need to create upgrade scripts which can upgrade from version 1 to version 2 to version 3 to etc... Basically, all schema's need to be bumped up one version until they're all version 8. Writing the code that will do this is no problem. the challenge is how to create the upgrade script from one version to the other? Preferably with some automated tool. I've examined RedGate's SQL Compare and Altova's DatabaseSpy but they're not practical. Altova is way too slow. RedGate requires too much processing afterwards, since the generated SQL Script still has a few errors and it refers to the schema name. Furthermore, the code needs to become part of a stored procedure and the code generated by RedGate doesn't really fit inside a single procedure. (Plus, it's doing too much transaction-handling, while I need everything within a single transaction. I have been considering using another SQL Comparison tool but it seems to me that my case is just too different from what standard tools can deliver. So I'm going to write my own comparison tool. To do this, I'll be using ADOX with Delphi to read the catalogues for every schema version in the database, then use this to write the SQL Statements that will need to upgrade these schema's to their next version. (Comparing 1 with 2, 2 with 3, 3 with 4, etc.) I'm not unfamiliar with generating SQL-Script-Generators so I don't expect too many problems. And I'll only be upgrading the table structures, not any of the other database objects. So, does anyone have some good tips and tricks to apply when doing this kind of comparisons? Things to be aware of? Practical tips to increase speed?

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  • Skipping the BufferedReader readLine() method in java

    - by DDP
    Is there a easy way to skip the readLine() method in java if it takes longer than, say, 2 seconds? Here's the context in which I'm asking this question: public void run() { boolean looping = true; while(looping) { for(int x = 0; x<clientList.size(); x++) { try { Comm s = clientList.get(x); String str = s.recieve(); // code that does something based on the string in the line above } // other stuff like catch methods } } } Comm is a class I wrote, and the receive method, which contains a BufferedReader called "in", is this: public String recieve() { try { if(active) return in.readLine(); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("Comm Error 2: "+e); } return ""; } I've noticed that the program stops and waits for the input stream to have something to read before continuing. Which is bad, because I need the program to keep looping (as it loops, it goes to all the other clients and asks for input). Is there a way to skip the readLine() process if there's nothing to read? I'm also pretty sure that I'm not explaining this well, so please ask me questions if I'm being confusing.

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  • Connecting an overloaded PyQT signal using new-style syntax

    - by Claudio
    I am designing a custom widget which is basically a QGroupBox holding a configurable number of QCheckBox buttons, where each one of them should control a particular bit in a bitmask represented by a QBitArray. In order to do that, I added the QCheckBox instances to a QButtonGroup, with each button given an integer ID: def populate(self, num_bits, parent = None): """ Adds check boxes to the GroupBox according to the bitmask size """ self.bitArray.resize(num_bits) layout = QHBoxLayout() for i in range(num_bits): cb = QCheckBox() cb.setText(QString.number(i)) self.buttonGroup.addButton(cb, i) layout.addWidget(cb) self.setLayout(layout) Then, each time a user would click on a checkbox contained in self.buttonGroup, I'd like self.bitArray to be notified so I can set/unset the corresponding bit in the array. For that I intended to connect QButtonGroup's buttonClicked(int) signal to QBitArray's toggleBit(int) method and, to be as pythonic as possible, I wanted to use new-style signals syntax, so I tried this: self.buttonGroup.buttonClicked.connect(self.bitArray.toggleBit) The problem is that buttonClicked is an overloaded signal, so there is also the buttonClicked(QAbstractButton*) signature. In fact, when the program is executing I get this error when I click a check box: The debugged program raised the exception unhandled TypeError "QBitArray.toggleBit(int): argument 1 has unexpected type 'QCheckBox'" which clearly shows the toggleBit method received the buttonClicked(QAbstractButton*) signal instead of the buttonClicked(int) one. So, the question is, how can we specify, using new-style syntax, that self.buttonGroup emits the buttonClicked(int) signal instead of the default overload - buttonClicked(QAbstractButton*)?

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  • alternative to #include within namespace { } block

    - by Jeff
    Edit: I know that method 1 is essentially invalid and will probably use method 2, but I'm looking for the best hack or a better solution to mitigate rampant, mutable namespace proliferation. I have multiple class or method definitions in one namespace that have different dependencies, and would like to use the fewest namespace blocks or explicit scopings possible but while grouping #include directives with the definitions that require them as best as possible. I've never seen any indication that any preprocessor could be told to exclude namespace {} scoping from #include contents, but I'm here to ask if something similar to this is possible: (see bottom for explanation of why I want something dead simple) // NOTE: apple.h, etc., contents are *NOT* intended to be in namespace Foo! // would prefer something most this: namespace Foo { #include "apple.h" B *A::blah(B const *x) { /* ... */ } #include "banana.h" int B::whatever(C const &var) { /* ... */ } #include "blueberry.h" void B::something() { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo ... // over this: #include "apple.h" #include "banana.h" #include "blueberry.h" namespace Foo { B *A::blah(B const *x) { /* ... */ } int B::whatever(C const &var) { /* ... */ } void B::something() { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo ... // or over this: #include "apple.h" namespace Foo { B *A::blah(B const *x) { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo #include "banana.h" namespace Foo { int B::whatever(C const &var) { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo #include "blueberry.h" namespace Foo { void B::something() { /* ... */ } } // namespace Foo My real problem is that I have projects where a module may need to be branched but have coexisting components from the branches in the same program. I have classes like FooA, etc., that I've called Foo::A in the hopes being able to branch less painfully as Foo::v1_2::A, where some program may need both a Foo::A and a Foo::v1_2::A. I'd like "Foo" or "Foo::v1_2" to show up only really once per file, as a single namespace block, if possible. Moreover, I tend to prefer to locate blocks of #include directives immediately above the first definition in the file that requires them. What's my best choice, or alternatively, what should I be doing instead of hijacking the namespaces?

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  • How do I implement graphs and graph algorithms in a functional programming language?

    - by brad
    Basically, I know how to create graph data structures and use Dijkstra's algorithm in programming languages where side effects are allowed. Typically, graph algorithms use a structure to mark certain nodes as 'visited', but this has side effects, which I'm trying to avoid. I can think of one way to implement this in a functional language, but it basically requires passing around large amounts of state to different functions, and I'm wondering if there is a more space-efficient solution.

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  • Where to store application global variable?

    - by Shawn Mclean
    I'm using silverlight, project structure is similiar to any other .net app. I have a map control that I would like to store what mode it is in (either road or aerial) so that other controls can access this. Where do I put this enum variable, I plan to use 2 way binding on it so both are updated when either changes. Thanks.

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  • Is using the break statement bad practice?

    - by Lchi
    I've been told by professors and peers at my university that using the break statement is bad practice, but through my coursework haven't come up with a great reason why. Those who claim that it is bad say that it's a "get out of jail free card" and that you can always avoid using it. My guesses for why its considered bad would be that you could possibly skip some cleanup code after the break, or similarly exit some control structure in an inconsistent state. Is there any reason why using break is(n't) bad practice?

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  • How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

    - by user321521
    I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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  • Storing float numbers as strings in android database

    - by sandis
    So I have an app where I put arbitrary strings in a database and later extract them like this: Cursor DBresult = myDatabase.query(false, Constant.DATABASE_NOTES_TABLE_NAME, new String[] {"myStuff"}, where, null, null, null, null, null); DBresult.getString(0); This works fine in all cases except for when the string looks like a float number, for example "221.123123123". After saving it to the database I can extract the database to my computer and look inside it with a DB-viewer, and the saved number is correct. However, when using cursor.getString() the string "221.123" is returned. I cant for the life of me understand how I can prevent this. I guess I could do a cursor.getDouble() on every single string to see if this gives a better result, but that feels sooo ugly and inefficient. Any suggestions? Cheers, edit: I just made a small test program. This program prints "result: 123.123", when I would like it to print "result: 123.123123123" SQLiteDatabase database = openOrCreateDatabase("databas", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null); database.execSQL("create table if not exists tabell (nyckel string primary key);"); ContentValues value = new ContentValues(); value.put("nyckel", "123.123123123"); database.insert("tabell", null, value); Cursor result = database.query("tabell", new String[]{"nyckel"}, null, null, null, null, null); result.moveToFirst(); Log.d("TAG","result: " + result.getString(0));

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  • Where do I put javaassist code?

    - by DutrowLLC
    I have an application running on google app engine. I'm using restlets and I have a couple of layers set up including the restlet layer, the model layer, the business layer, and the data layer. I'm attempting to use javaassist to modify some classes, but I'm unsure where to actually put the code. I tried to put the code in the static initialization block: public class Person { String firstName; String getFirstName(){return null;} static{ ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault(); try { CtClass CtPerson = pool.get("Person"); CtMethod CtGetFirstName = CtPerson.getDeclaredMethod("GetFirstName"); CtGetFirstName.setBody("return firstName;"); CtPerson.toClass(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ...but that resulted in this error: javassist.CannotCompileException:.....attempted duplicate class definition...". I guess it makes sense that I can't edit the class file in the middle of its generation. I know the code works because I was able to run it correctly by simply putting it in a location that would run when I sent the program a command. (accessed a Restlet resource). The code ran fine if an instance of the class had not already been instantiated, however once I instantiated an instance of the affected class, the javaassist code failed. I assume I need to put this code somewhere that it will only run either: once after the program starts, directly before a class is instantiated for the first time, or even better, during compile time.

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  • Use database field maxlength as html layout input maxlength best practice. asp.net mvc

    - by Andrew Florko
    Hello everybody, There are string length limitations in database structure (email is declared as nvarchar[30] for instance) There are lots of html forms that has input textbox fields that should be limited in length for that reason. What is the best practice to synchronize database fields and html layout input fields length limitations ? Can it be done automatically (html layout input fields declared the same max length as database data they represent)? Thank you in advance.

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  • Drupal Theming and custom variables in custom pages

    - by GaxZE
    hello, I have created a custom page which sits at site.com/user/me/soe now im trying to theme this page and have created a subsequent template file. however if i copy in any basic html into my template file, all it does is produce a white page with my text and abandons the sites structure i originally had. i was hoping somebody could help me understand preprocessing as i feel that is the way to solve this.

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  • What is the best approach for unit testing/integration testing GXT code?

    - by Arizonahockey
    I have been tasked to setup a continuous integration environment for a GXT 2.1.1 and GWT 2.0.1 environment. Unfortunately I am new to AJAX and Web Services and have little idea how to setup unit tests in the browser environment. Unit tests for the server backend I already have done, since I am a pro at that. GXT is not quite pure GWT which provides some unit testing structure. If anyone has a good starting point...

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