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• Turn-based games [closed]

  - by Blue

  I've been looking for tutorials on turn-based games. I found an incomplete tutorial series by InsugentX about turn-based games. I haven't looked through it, but since it's incomplete, I worry that I won't be able to finish the scripts. I'm looking for tutorials or some good tips or advice to create turn-based games(similar to Worms). Recently I finished watching the WalkerBoys' tutorials so I am familiar with code. Where can I find some info and/or tutorials on creating Turn-based games? I'd prefer it to be video format. How can I create turn-based games (not the entire thing, only the set-up) or a turn-based event like in Worms? To explain more, How do I create 2 parties(1st player, 2nd player) exchanging turns(turn-based games and/or hotseat). While parties have characters similar to Worms(having more than 1 character within each party)? Do I use an array, an enum? I don't have any experience in turn-based games, so I would like to know how to actually make turn-based games. I can't find any reference to help me with construction of a turn-based game code similar to Worms in a programming language I can understand.

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• How do I implement a score database in Android?

  - by Michael Seun Araromi

  I making a 2D game for Android using OpenGL-ES technology. It is a space shooting game where the player shoots enemy ships. I want to keep a track of score for the amount of enemy ships destroyed and a record of a local highscore. The score should be incremented whenever an enemy is destroyed. I also want a way of displaying both the current score and highscore on the game screen. I am not familiar with databases at all and I will appreciate a clear answer or a link to a good tutorial for my cause. Thanks.

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• Should I continue reading Frank Luna's Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11 book after D3DX and XNA Math Library have been deprecated? [on hold]

  - by milindsrivastava1997

  I recently started learning DirectX 11 (C++) by reading Frank Luna's Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11. In that the author uses D3DX and XNA Math Library. Since they have been deprecated should I continue using that book? If yes, should I use the deprecated libraries or should I switch some other libraries? If no, which book should I consult for up-to-date content with no use of deprecated library? Thanks!

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• Best practices for periodically saving game state to disk

  - by Ben Morris

  I'm working on an MMO. All of the player and environment data lives on a server and is kept in memory. There's a "world" object which keeps track of all of the maps, characters, etc. and their relations to each other. To avoid data loss in case of a crash, I've been periodically serializing the world to disk. The trouble is, this object can be quite large, so when the server starts writing, there's noticeable in-game slowdown for a few seconds, which I'd like to avoid. Any pointers on how to go about this in a more efficient way?

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• Center directional light shadow to the cameras eye

  - by Caesar

  I'm currently drawing my directional light shadow using this view and projection: XMFLOAT3 dir((float)pitch, (float)yaw, (float)roll); XMFLOAT3 center(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMVECTOR lightDir = XMLoadFloat3(&dir); XMVECTOR lightPos = radius * lightDir; XMVECTOR targetPos = XMLoadFloat3(&center); XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); XMMATRIX V = XMMatrixLookAtLH(lightPos, targetPos, up); // This is the view // Transform bounding sphere to light space. XMFLOAT3 sphereCenterLS; XMStoreFloat3(&sphereCenterLS, XMVector3TransformCoord(targetPos, V)); // Ortho frustum in light space encloses scene. float l = sphereCenterLS.x - radius; float b = sphereCenterLS.y - radius; float n = sphereCenterLS.z - radius; float r = sphereCenterLS.x + radius; float t = sphereCenterLS.y + radius; float f = sphereCenterLS.z + radius; XMMATRIX P = XMMatrixOrthographicOffCenterLH(l, r, b, t, n, f); // This is the projection Which works prefect if the center of my scene is at 0.0, 0.0, 0.0. What I would like to do is move the center of the scene relative to the cameras position. How can I do that?

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• Fixed timestep and interpolation question

  - by Eric

  I'm following Glenn Fiedlers excellent Fix Your Timestep! tutorial to step my 2D game. The problem I'm facing is in the interpolation phase in the end. My game has a Tween-function which lets me tween properties of my game entites. Properties such as scale, shear, position, color, rotation etc. Im curious of how I'd interpolate these values, since there's a lot of them. My first thought is to keep a previous value of every property (colorPrev, scalePrev etc.), and interpolate between those. Is this the correct method? To interpolate my characters I use their velocity; renderPostion = position + (velocity * interpolation), but I cannot apply that to color for example. So what is the desired method to interpolate various properties or a entity? Is there any rule of thumb to use?

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• Anisotropic and trilinear filtering?

  - by fedab

  I'm confused about the usage of trilinear filtering and anisotropic filtering in SharpDX. As far as i understood, trilinear filtering does linear filtering to the textures and in a case of LOD-change it also interpolates between the too LODs to smooth the transition. Anisotropic filtering make the texture bigger. Now it is possible to use trilinear filtering to do the same thing, due to anisotropic filtering with bigger textures. This causes a lesser blurred image, when you use anisotropy, because the interpolation is better. Now, it should be possible to use trilinear filtering and anisotropic filtering at the same time. But in the SamplerState i can only choose Filter.Anisotropy or Filter.MinMagMipLinear (should be trilinear, right?). You can see all possible filters here: D3D11 Filter Enumeration. So my question: Can you use both techniques together, if yes, how can i archieve that in SharpDX with SamplerState?

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• Unity: Assigning a key to perform an action in the inspector

  - by Marc Pilgaard

  I am trying to write a simple piece of code in JavaScript where a button toggles the activation of a shield, by dragging a prefab with Resources.load("ActivateShieldPreFab") and destroying it again (Haven't implemented that yet). I wish to assign this button through the inspector, so I have created a string variable which appears as intended in the inspector. Though it doesn't seem to register the inspector input, even though I changed the value through the inspector. It only provides the error: "Input Key named: is unknown" When the button name is assigned within the code, there is no issues. Code as follows: var ShieldOn = false; var stringbutton : String; function Start(){ } function Update () { if(Input.GetKey(stringbutton) && ShieldOn != true) { Instantiate(Resources.load("ActivateShieldPreFab"), Vector3 (0, 0, 0), Quaternion.identity); ShieldOn = true; } }

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• What are the most common AI systems implemented in Tower Defense Games

  - by the_Dan

  I'm currently in the middle of researching on the various types of AI techniques used in tower defense type games. If someone could be help me in understanding the different types of techniques and their associated advantages. Using Google I already found several techniques. Random Map traversal Path finding e.g. Cost based Traversing Algorithms i.e. A* I have already found a great answer to this type of question with the below link, but I feel that this answer is tailored to FPS. If anyone could add to this and make it specific to tower defense games then I would be truly great-full. How is AI most commonly implemented in popular games? Example of such games would be: Radiant Defense Plant Vs Zombies - Not truly Intelligent, but there must be an AI system used right? Field Runners Edit: After further research I found an interesting book that may be useful: http://www.amazon.com/dp/0123747317/?tag=stackoverfl08-20

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• Logarithmic spacing of FFT bins

  - by Mykel Stone

  I'm trying to do the examples within the GameDev.net Beat Detection article ( http://archive.gamedev.net/archive/reference/programming/features/beatdetection/index.html ) I have no issue with performing a FFT and getting the frequency data and doing most of the article. I'm running into trouble though in the section 2.B, Enhancements and beat decision factors. in this section the author gives 3 equations numbered R10-R12 to be used to determine how many bins go into each subband: R10 - Linear increase of the width of the subband with its index R11 - We can choose for example the width of the first subband R12 - The sum of all the widths must not exceed 1024 He says the following in the article: "Once you have equations (R11) and (R12) it is fairly easy to extract 'a' and 'b', and thus to find the law of the 'wi'. This calculus of 'a' and 'b' must be made manually and 'a' and 'b' defined as constants in the source; indeed they do not vary during the song." However, I cannot seem to understand how these values are calculated...I'm probably missing something simple, but learning fourier analysis in a couple of weeks has left me Decimated-in-Mind and I cannot seem to see it.

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• PCF shadow shader math causing artifacts

  - by user2971069

  For a while now I used PCSS for my shadow technique of choice until I discovered a type of percentage closer filtering. This method creates really smooth shadows and with hopes of improving performance, with only a fraction of texture samples, I tried to implement PCF into my shader. This is the relevant code: float c0, c1, c2, c3; float f = blurFactor; float2 coord = ProjectedTexCoords; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(0, 0)).x > 0.0007) c0 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(f, 0)).x > 0.0007) c1 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(0, f)).x > 0.0007) c2 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(f, f)).x > 0.0007) c3 = 1; coord = (coord % f) / f; return 1 - (c0 * (1 - coord.x) * (1 - coord.y) + c1 * coord.x * (1 - coord.y) + c2 * (1 - coord.x) * coord.y + c3 * coord.x * coord.y); This is a very basic implementation. blurFactor is initialized with 1 / LightTextureSize. So the if statements fetch the occlusion values for the four adjacent texels. I now want to weight each value based on the actual position of the texture coordinate. If it's near the bottom-right pixel, that occlusion value should be preferred. The weighting itself is done with a simple bilinear interpolation function, however this function takes a 2d vector in the range [0..1] so I have to convert my texture coordinate to get the distance from my first pixel to the second one in range [0..1]. For that I used the mod operator to get it into [0..f] range and then divided by f. This code makes sense to me, and for specific blurFactors it works, producing really smooth one pixel wide shadows, but not for all blurFactors. Initially blurFactor is (1 / LightTextureSize) to sample the 4 adjacent texels. I now want to increase the blurFactor by factor x to get a smooth interpolation across maybe 4 or so pixels. But that is when weird artifacts show up. Here is an image: Using a 1x on blurFactor produces a good result, 0.5 is as expected not so smooth. 2x however doesn't work at all. I found that only a factor of 1/2^n produces an good result, every other factor produces artifacts. I'm pretty sure the error lies here: coord = (coord % f) / f; Maybe the modulo is not calculated correctly? I have no idea how to fix that. Is it even possible for pixel that are further than 1 pixel away?

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• Pygame set_colorkey transparency issues

  - by Nathan Chowning

  I'm having a strange issue that I cannot seem to remedy. I am doing some prototyping with Pygame on a desktop running windows and a laptop running OS X. Both are running python v2.7.3 (installed via homebrew for the Macbook) and pygame v1.9.1. For transparency, I have been using set_colorkey with a transparency color of (255, 0, 255). Here is the applicable code: transColor = pygame.Color(255, 0, 255) image = pygame.image.load(playerPath + "idle.png").convert() image.set_colorkey(transColor) This works flawlessly on my windows machine. On my laptop, it does not work. It just shows the hideous magenta color. Here's the strange part. If I change the transColor to (0, 0, 0), all black pixels in my images are transparent. Has anyone run into this issue before?

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• CreateRenderTarget returns 0x80070057 in big surface resolution

  - by senggen

  I have created the SLI merged desktop of three 1920x1680 monitors, so the desktop resolution is 5760x1080. There is a 0x80070057 error, while calling CreateRenderTarget to create the RT_Surface: IDirect3DSurface9* _render_surface; HRESULT hr = _device->CreateRenderTarget( _desktop_width * 2, _desktop_height + 1, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE, 0, TRUE, &_render_surface, NULL); It works OK with desktop resolution 1024x768, and the total resolution is 3072x768. In http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb174361(v=vs.85).aspx, it says If the method succeeds, the return value is D3D_OK. If the method fails, the return value can be one of the following: D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE, D3DERR_INVALIDCALL, D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY, E_OUTOFMEMORY. and no description about 0x80070057. HRESULT: 0x80070057 (2147942487) Name: E_INVALIDARG Description: An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function Somebody please help me.

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• problem in array of shooter sprites which contain different colour bubbles

  - by prakash s

  everyone i am developing bubble shooter game in cocos2d I have placed shooter array which contain different color bubbles like this 00000000 it is 8 bubbles array if i tap the screen, first bubbles should move for shooting the target .png .And if i again tap the screen again 2nd position bubble should move for shooting the target.png bubbles,how it will possible for me because i have already created the array of target which contain different color bubbles, here i write the code : - (void)ccTouchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { // Choose one of the touches to work with UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:[touch view]]; location = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:location]; // Set up initial location of projectile CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; NSMutableArray * movableSprites = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSArray *images = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1.png", @"2.png", @"3.png", @"4.png",@"5.png",@"6.png",@"7.png", @"8.png", nil]; for(int i = 0; i < images.count; ++i) { int index = (arc4random() % 8)+1; NSString *image = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.png", index]; CCSprite*projectile = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:image]; //CCSprite *projectile = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"3.png" rect:CGRectMake(0, 0,256,256)]; [self addChild:projectile]; [movableSprites addObject:projectile]; float offsetFraction = ((float)(i+1))/(images.count+1); //projectile.position = ccp(20, winSize.height/2); //projectile.position = ccp(18,0 ); //projectile.position = ccp(350*offsetFraction, 20.0f); projectile.position = ccp(10/offsetFraction, 20.0f); // projectile.position = ccp(projectile.position.x,projectile.position.y); // Determine offset of location to projectile int offX = location.x - projectile.position.x; int offY = location.y - projectile.position.y; // Bail out if we are shooting down or backwards if (offX <= 0) return; // Ok to add now - we've double checked position //[self addChild:projectile]; // Determine where we wish to shoot the projectile to int realX = winSize.width + (projectile.contentSize.width/2); float ratio = (float) offY / (float) offX; int realY = (realX * ratio) + projectile.position.y; CGPoint realDest = ccp(realX, realY); // Determine the length of how far we're shooting int offRealX = realX - projectile.position.x; int offRealY = realY - projectile.position.y; float length = sqrtf((offRealX*offRealX)+(offRealY*offRealY)); float velocity = 480/1; // 480pixels/1sec float realMoveDuration = length/velocity; // Move projectile to actual endpoint [projectile runAction:[CCSequence actions: [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:realMoveDuration position:realDest], [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)], nil]]; // Add to projectiles array projectile.tag = 1; [_projectiles addObject:projectile]; } }

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• How to run the pixel shader effcet??

  - by Yashwinder

  Below stated is the code for my pixel shader which I am rendering after the vertex shader. I have set the wordViewProjection matrix in my program but I don't know to set the progress variable i.e in my pixel shader file which will make the image displayed by the help of a quad to give out transition effect. Here is the code for my pixel shader program::: As my pixel shader is giving a static effect and now I want to use it to give some effect. So for this I have to add a progress variable in my pixel shader and initialize to the Constant table function i.e constantTable.SetValue(D3DDevice,"progress",progress ); I am having the problem in using this function for progress in my program. Anybody know how to set this variable in my program. And my new pixel Shader code is float progress : register(C0); sampler2D implicitInput : register(s0); sampler2D oldInput : register(s1); struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Color : COLOR0; float2 UV : TEXCOORD 0; }; float4 Blinds(float2 uv) { if(frac(uv.y * 5) < progress) { return tex2D(implicitInput, uv); } else { return tex2D(oldInput, uv); } } // Pixel Shader { return Blinds(input.UV); }

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• Styles of games that work at low-resolution

  - by Brendan Long

  I'm taking a class on compilers, and the goal is to write a compiler for Meggy Jr devices (Arduino). The goal is just to make a simple compilers with loops and variables and stuff. Obviously, that's lame, so the "real goal" is to make an impressive game on the device. The problem is that it only has 64 pixels to work with (technically 72, but the top 8 are single-color and not part of the main display, so they're really only useful for displaying things like money). My problem is thinking of something to do on a device that small. It doesn't really matter if it's original, but it can't be something that's already available. My first idea was "snake", but that comes with the SDK. Same with a side-scrolling shooter. Remaining ideas include a tower defense game (hard to write, hard to control), an RPG (same), tetris (lame).. The problem is that all of the games I like require a high-resolution screen because they have a lot of text. Even a really simple game like nethack would be hard because each creature would be a single color. tl;dr What styles of games require a. No text; and b. Few enough objects that representing them each with a single color is acceptable?

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• How can I generate a view or projection matrix for OpenGL 3.+

  - by Ken

  I'm transitioning from OpenGL 2 to OpenGL 3.+ and to GLSL 1.5. I'm trying to avoid using the deprecated features. My question how do we now generate the view or projection matrix. I was using the matrix stack to calculate the projection matrix for me; GLfloat ptr[16]; gluPerspective(...); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, ptr); //then pass ptr via a uniform to the shader But obviously the matrix stack is deprecated. So this approach is not the best an option going forward. I have the 'Red Book', 7th ed, which covers 3.0 & 3.1 and it still uses the deprecated matrix functions in it's examples. I could write some utility-code myself to generate the matrices. But I don't want to re-invent this particular wheel, especially when this functionality is required for every 3D graphics program. What is the accepted way to generate world,view & projection matrices for OpenGL? Is there an emerging 'standard' library for this? Or is there some other hidden (to me) functionality in OpenGL/GLSL which I have overlooked?

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• Scale a game object to Bounds

  - by Spikeh

  I'm trying to scale a lot of dynamically created game objects in Unity3D to the bounds of a sphere collider, based on the size of their current mesh. Each object has a different scale and mesh size. Some are bigger than the AABB of the collider, and some are smaller. Here's the script I've written so far: private void ScaleToCollider(GameObject objectToScale, SphereCollider sphere) { var currentScale = objectToScale.transform.localScale; var currentSize = objectToScale.GetMeshHierarchyBounds().size; var targetSize = (sphere.radius * 2); var newScale = new Vector3 { x = targetSize * currentScale.x / currentSize.x, y = targetSize * currentScale.y / currentSize.y, z = targetSize * currentScale.z / currentSize.z }; Debug.Log("{0} Current scale: {1}, targetSize: {2}, currentSize: {3}, newScale: {4}, currentScale.x: {5}, currentSize.x: {6}", objectToScale.name, currentScale, targetSize, currentSize, newScale, currentScale.x, currentSize.x); //DoorDevice_meshBase Current scale: (0.1, 4.0, 3.0), targetSize: 5, currentSize: (2.9, 4.0, 1.1), newScale: (0.2, 5.0, 13.4), currentScale.x: 0.125, currentSize.x: 2.869114 //RedControlPanelForAirlock_meshBase Current scale: (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), targetSize: 5, currentSize: (0.0, 0.3, 0.2), newScale: (147.1, 16.7, 25.0), currentScale.x: 1, currentSize.x: 0.03400017 objectToScale.transform.localScale = newScale; } And the supporting extension method: public static Bounds GetMeshHierarchyBounds(this GameObject go) { var bounds = new Bounds(); // Not used, but a struct needs to be instantiated if (go.renderer != null) { bounds = go.renderer.bounds; // Make sure the parent is included Debug.Log("Found parent bounds: " + bounds); //bounds.Encapsulate(go.renderer.bounds); } foreach (var c in go.GetComponentsInChildren<MeshRenderer>()) { Debug.Log("Found {0} bounds are {1}", c.name, c.bounds); if (bounds.size == Vector3.zero) { bounds = c.bounds; } else { bounds.Encapsulate(c.bounds); } } return bounds; } After the re-scale, there doesn't seem to be any consistency to the results - some objects with completely uniform scales (x,y,z) seem to resize correctly, but others don't :| Its one of those things I've been trying to fix for so long I've lost all grasp on any of the logic :| Any help would be appreciated!

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• How do walls affect lighting?

  - by Milkboat

  I have been trying to implement a simple form of lighting in my 2D game. In the screenshot, I don't think it looks very good, kind of just plastered over the top of the map. How would the wall effect how the lighting is displayed? Just looking for tips on how to make my lighting look a bit better. Right now I gave each tile a light value and I change that depending on if there is a light source near by. I don't take in account if there are any objects near by. Screenshot:

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• Game Formula/Mechanic

  - by Georgiadis Abraam

  i am trying to design a game for a project i have, The main idea is a 3 Type of Heroes 3 Stat per Hero There are no levels involved so the differences must be located on Stats. Flogic)The logic of fight is that type1hero has good chances winning type2hero, type2hero has good chances type3hero and type3hero has good chances winning type1hero. For over a week i am trying to find a stats based formula that will allow me to fix this but i cant, i was meddling with numbers yesterday and it was decent but i cant extract the formula out of it. Could you plz guide me or give me hints on how should i start creating formulas on a Non lvl game that fulfills the fLogic?

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• Game window systems and internal frames

  - by 2080

  I don't know if this is a valid question, but: What kind of window manager do games use which have internal frames (Frames inside frames)? Does this differ between the programming languages (Are e.g. in Java the AWT/Swing libraries used to manage these and other graphical elements, such as buttons,or is this to restrictive (speed, graphical possibilities?)) A special example would be EVE Online, where the client can use the ingame windows like on a normal desktop.

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• "Unable to create OpenGL 3.3 context (flags 0, profile 1)"

  - by Tsvetan

  Trying to run any of the well-known McKesson's tutorials on a friend's laptop results in the aforementioned exception. I read that in order to run applications which use OpenGL 3.3 you must at least have an ATI HD or Nvidia 8xxx GPU series. He has an ATI HD class graphics processor which eliminates (maybe) this issue. Also, I read that this error may result in having old drivers. He updated his drivers but that didn't solve the problem. The tutorials are built as said in the book introduction and glsdk is installed. If more information is needed, say so and I will provide it. What are the other reasons for this kind of exception? And how can I fix them?

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• Simulating an object floating on water

  - by Aaron M

  I'm working on a top down fishing game. I want to implement some physics and collision detection regarding the boat moving around the lake. I would like for be able to implement thrust from either the main motor or trolling motor, the effect of wind on the object, and the drag of the water on the object. I've been looking at the farseer physics engine, but not having any experience using a physics engine, I am not quite sure that farseer is suitable for this type of thing(Most of the demos seem to be the application of gravity to a vertical top/down type model). Would the farseer engine be suitable? or would a different engine be more suitable?

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• Client side latency when using prediction

  - by Tips48

  I've implemented Client-Side prediction into my game, where when input is received by the client, it first sends it to the server and then acts upon it just as the server will, to reduce the appearance of lag. The problem is, the server is authoritative, so when the server sends back the position of the Entity to the client, it undo's the effect of the interpolation and creates a rubber-banding effect. For example: Client sends input to server - Client reacts on input - Server receives and reacts on input - Server sends back response - Client reaction is undone due to latency between server and client To solve this, I've decided to store the game state and input every tick in the client, and then when I receive a packet from the server, get the game state from when the packet was sent and simulate the game up to the current point. My questions: Won't this cause lag? If I'm receiving 20/30 EntityPositionPackets a second, that means I have to run 20-30 simulations of the game state. How do I sync the client and server tick? Currently, I'm sending the milli-second the packet was sent by the server, but I think it's adding too much complexity instead of just sending the tick. The problem with converting it to sending the tick is that I have no guarantee that the client and server are ticking at the same rate, for example if the client is an old-end PC.

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• Read only array, deep copy or retrieve copies one by one? (Performance and Memory)

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  In a garbage collection based system, what is the most effective way to handle a read only array if such a structure does not exist natively in the language. Is it better to return a copy of an array or allow other classes to retrieve copies of the objects stored in the array one by one? @JustinSkiles: It is not very broad. It is performance related and can actually be answered specifically for two general cases. You only need very few items: in this situation it's more effective to retrieve copies of the objects one by one. You wish to iterate over 30% or more objects. In this cases it is superior to retrieve all the array at once. This saves on functions calls. Function calls are very expansive when compared to reading directly from an array. A good specific answer could include performance, reading from an array and reading indirectly through a function. It is a simple performance related question.

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