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  • Incorrect lighting results with deferred rendering

    - by Lasse
    I am trying to render a light-pass to a texture which I will later apply on the scene. But I seem to calculate the light position wrong. I am working on view-space. In the image above, I am outputting the attenuation of a point light which is currently covering the whole screen. The light is at 0,10,0 position, and I transform it to view-space first: Vector4 pos; Vector4 tmp = new Vector4 (light.Position, 1); // Transform light position for shader Vector4.Transform (ref tmp, ref Camera.ViewMatrix, out pos); shader.SendUniform ("LightViewPosition", ref pos); Now to me that does not look as it should. What I think it should look like is that the white area should be on the center of the scene. The camera is at the corner of the scene, and it seems as if the light would move along with the camera. Here's the fragment shader code: void main(){ // default black color vec3 color = vec3(0); // Pixel coordinates on screen without depth vec2 PixelCoordinates = gl_FragCoord.xy / ScreenSize; // Get pixel position using depth from texture vec4 depthtexel = texture( DepthTexture, PixelCoordinates ); float depthSample = unpack_depth(depthtexel); // Get pixel coordinates on camera-space by multiplying the // coordinate on screen-space by inverse projection matrix vec4 world = (ImP * RemapMatrix * vec4(PixelCoordinates, depthSample, 1.0)); // Undo the perspective calculations vec3 pixelPosition = (world.xyz / world.w) * 3; // How far the light should reach from it's point of origin float lightReach = LightColor.a / 2; // Vector in between light and pixel vec3 lightDir = (LightViewPosition.xyz - pixelPosition); float lightDistance = length(lightDir); vec3 lightDirN = normalize(lightDir); // Discard pixels too far from light source //if(lightReach < lightDistance) discard; // Get normal from texture vec3 normal = normalize((texture( NormalTexture, PixelCoordinates ).xyz * 2) - 1); // Half vector between the light direction and eye, used for specular component vec3 halfVector = normalize(lightDirN + normalize(-pixelPosition)); // Dot product of normal and light direction float NdotL = dot(normal, lightDirN); float attenuation = pow(lightReach / lightDistance, LightFalloff); // If pixel is lit by the light if(NdotL > 0) { // I have moved stuff from here to above so I can debug them. // Diffuse light color color += LightColor.rgb * NdotL * attenuation; // Specular light color color += LightColor.xyz * pow(max(dot(halfVector, normal), 0.0), 4.0) * attenuation; } RT0 = vec4(color, 1); //RT0 = vec4(pixelPosition, 1); //RT0 = vec4(depthSample, depthSample, depthSample, 1); //RT0 = vec4(NdotL, NdotL, NdotL, 1); RT0 = vec4(attenuation, attenuation, attenuation, 1); //RT0 = vec4(lightReach, lightReach, lightReach, 1); //RT0 = depthtexel; //RT0 = 100 / vec4(lightDistance, lightDistance, lightDistance, 1); //RT0 = vec4(lightDirN, 1); //RT0 = vec4(halfVector, 1); //RT0 = vec4(LightColor.xyz,1); //RT0 = vec4(LightViewPosition.xyz/100, 1); //RT0 = vec4(LightPosition.xyz, 1); //RT0 = vec4(normal,1); } What am I doing wrong here?

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  • Unity3D - Android pause screen - double click issue

    - by user3666251
    I made a pause script for the game im developing for android. I added the script to the GUITexture I created and placed on the top right side of the screen.The issue stands at the part where if the player clicks the pause button then clicks resume then he wants to pause the game again.When he clicks pause the second time the buttons dont show up unless he clicks again. This is the script : #pragma strict var paused = false; var isButtonVisible : boolean = true; function OnMouseDown(){ this.paused = !this.paused; Time.timeScale = 0; isButtonVisible = true; } function OnGUI(){ if ( isButtonVisible ) { if(this.paused){ if (GUI.Button(Rect(Screen.width/2-100,Screen.height/2+3,200,50),"Restart")){ Application.LoadLevel(Application.loadedLevel); Time.timeScale = 1; isButtonVisible = false; } if (GUI.Button(Rect(Screen.width/2-100,Screen.height/2-50,200,50),"Resume")){ Time.timeScale = 1; isButtonVisible = false; } // Insert the rest of the pause menu logic if (GUI.Button(Rect(Screen.width/2-100,Screen.height/2+56,200,50),"Main Menu")){ Application.LoadLevel ("MainMenu"); isButtonVisible = false; Time.timeScale = 1; } } } } Thank you.

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  • Managing constant buffers without FX interface

    - by xcrypt
    I am aware that there is a sample on working without FX in the samplebrowser, and I already checked that one. However, some questions arise: In the sample: D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorldViewProj; D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorld; D3DXMATRIXA16 mView; D3DXMATRIXA16 mProj; mWorld = g_World; mView = g_View; mProj = g_Projection; mWorldViewProj = mWorld * mView * mProj; VS_CONSTANT_BUFFER* pConstData; g_pConstantBuffer10->Map( D3D10_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, NULL, ( void** )&pConstData ); pConstData->mWorldViewProj = mWorldViewProj; pConstData->fTime = fBoundedTime; g_pConstantBuffer10->Unmap(); They are copying their D3DXMATRIX'es to D3DXMATRIXA16. Checked on msdn, these new matrices are 16 byte aligned and optimised for intel pentium 4. So as my first question: 1) Is it necessary to copy matrices to D3DXMATRIXA16 before sending them to the constant buffer? And if no, why don't we just use D3DXMATRIXA16 all the time? I have another question about managing multiple constant buffers within one shader. Suppose that, within your shader, you have multiple constant buffers that need to be updated at different times: cbuffer cbNeverChanges { matrix View; }; cbuffer cbChangeOnResize { matrix Projection; }; cbuffer cbChangesEveryFrame { matrix World; float4 vMeshColor; }; Then how would I set these buffers all at different times? g_pd3dDevice->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer10 ); gives me the possibility to set multiple buffers, but that is within one call. 2) Is that okay even if my constant buffers are updated at different times? And do I suppose I have to make sure the constantbuffers are in the same position in the array as the order they appear in the shader?

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  • Stop a rotating object at a specified angle?

    - by Krummelz
    I'm working in JavaScript with HTML5 and the canvas. I have an object which is rotating at a certain speed, and I need the object's rotation to slow down gradually and the front of the object to stop at a specified angle. (I'm using radians, not degrees.) I have a variable to keep track of the angle which the object is facing, as it rotates. How would I go about getting the object to come to rest, facing the direction I want it to?

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  • Need material for character anatomy in a 2D game. Spartan Like, See Picture

    - by Edwin Soho
    I'm creating my art for an 2d based IOS game. I know some basic anatomy as you can see by the picture but I have no idea how I will make draw the pics for animation of the character walking, attacking with his sword and protecting himself with shield. Is there any anatomy reference for 2d game out there, book or anything else? for your information, I did try to find but all of stuff I found are very amateur and incomplete The picture was my attempt of creating a example of the character walking, which I'm not happy with please help, thanks Update: Since I am in a hurry I decided I would copy the anatomy from other 2d games, it is not that clean but at least I wanna be able to start it. The question is still open.

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  • Character jump animation is not working when i hit the space bar

    - by muzzy
    i am having an issue with my game in XNA. My jump sprite sheet for my character does not trigger when i hit the space bar. I cant seem to find the problem. Please help me. I am also put the code below to make things easier. namespace WindowsGame4 { public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; // start of new code Texture2D playerWalk; // sprite sheet of walk cycle (14 frames) Texture2D idle; // idle animation Texture2D jump; // jump animation Vector2 playerPos; // to hold x and y position info for the player Point frameDimensions; // to hold width and height values for the frames int presentFrame; // to record which frame we are on at any given time int noOfFrames; // to hold the total number of frames in the spritesheet int elapsedTime; // to know how long each frame has been shown int frameDuration; // to hold info about how long each frame should be shown SpriteEffects flipDirection; // SpriteEffects object int speed; //rate of movement int upMovement; int downMovement; int rightMovement; int leftMovement; int jumpApex; string state; //this is going to be "idle","walking" or "jumping". KeyboardState previousKeyboardState; Vector2 originalPlayerPos; Vector2 movementDirection; Vector2 movementSpeed; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { // textures will be defined in the LoadContent() method playerPos = new Vector2(0, 200); // starting position for the player is at the left of the screen, and a Y position of 200 frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); // each frame in the idle sprite sheet is 55 wide by 65 high presentFrame = 0; // start at frame 0 noOfFrames = 5; // there are 5 frames in the idle cycle elapsedTime = 0; // set elapsed time to start at 0 frameDuration = 80; // 80 milliseconds is how long each frame will show for (the higher the number, the slower the animation) flipDirection = SpriteEffects.None; // set the value of flipDirection to none speed = 200; upMovement = -2; downMovement = 2; rightMovement = 1; leftMovement = -1; jumpApex = 100; state = "idle"; previousKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); originalPlayerPos = Vector2.Zero; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; movementSpeed = Vector2.Zero; base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); playerWalk = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/walkSmall"); // load the walk cycle spritesheet idle = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/idleCycle"); // load the idle cycle sprite sheet jump = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/jump"); // load the jump cycle sprite sheet } protected override void UnloadContent() // we're not using this method at the moment { } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) // Update method - used it to call a number of other methods { if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) { this.Exit(); // Exit the game if the Escape key is pressed } KeyboardState presentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); UpdateMovement(presentKeyboardState, gameTime); UpdateIdle(presentKeyboardState, gameTime); UpdateJump(presentKeyboardState); UpdateAnimation(gameTime); playerPos += movementDirection * movementSpeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; previousKeyboardState = presentKeyboardState; base.Update(gameTime); } private void UpdateAnimation(GameTime gameTime) { elapsedTime += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds; if (elapsedTime > frameDuration) { elapsedTime -= frameDuration; elapsedTime = elapsedTime - frameDuration; presentFrame++; if (presentFrame > noOfFrames) if (state != "jumping") { presentFrame = 0; } else { presentFrame = 8; } } } protected void UpdateMovement(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState, GameTime gameTime) { if (state == "idle") { movementSpeed = Vector2.Zero; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { state = "walking"; movementSpeed.X = speed; movementDirection.X = leftMovement; flipDirection = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; } if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { state = "walking"; movementSpeed.X = speed; movementDirection.X = rightMovement; flipDirection = SpriteEffects.None; } } } private void UpdateIdle(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState, GameTime gameTime) { if ((presentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Left) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) || presentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Right) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) && state != "jumping")) { state = "idle"; } } private void UpdateJump(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState) { if (state == "walking" || state == "idle") { if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { presentFrame = 1; DoJump(); } } if (state == "jumping") { if (originalPlayerPos.Y - playerPos.Y > jumpApex) { movementDirection.Y = downMovement; } if (playerPos.Y > originalPlayerPos.Y) { playerPos.Y = originalPlayerPos.Y; state = "idle"; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; } } } private void DoJump() { if (state != "jumping") { state = "jumping"; originalPlayerPos = playerPos; movementDirection.Y = upMovement; movementSpeed = new Vector2(speed, speed); } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) // Draw method { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); // begin the spritebatch if (state == "walking") { noOfFrames = 14; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); Vector2 playerWalkPos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(playerWalk, playerWalkPos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } if (state == "idle") { noOfFrames = 5; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); Vector2 idlePos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(idle, idlePos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } if (state == "jumping") { noOfFrames = 9; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 92); Vector2 jumpPos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(jump, jumpPos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } spriteBatch.End(); // end the spritebatch commands base.Draw(gameTime); } } }

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  • 2D camera perspective projection from 3D coordinates -- HOW?

    - by Jack
    I am developing a camera for a 2D game with a top-down view that has depth. It's almost a 3D camera. Basically, every object has a Z even though it is in 2D, and similarly to parallax layers their position, scale and rotation speed vary based on their Z. I guess this would be a perspective projection. But I am having trouble converting the objects' 3D coordinates into the 2D space of the screen so that everything has correct perspective and scale. I never learned matrices though I did dig the topic a bit today. I tried without using matrices thanks to this article but every attempt gave awkward results. I'm using ActionScript 3 and Flash 11+ (Starling), where the screen coordinates work like this: Left-handed coordinates system illustration I can explain further what I did if you want to help me sort out what's wrong, or you can directly tell me how you would do it properly. In case you prefer the former, read on. These are images showing the formulas I used: upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/c/8/1c89722619b756d05adb4ea38ee6f62b.png upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/0/d4069770c68cb8f1aa4b5cfc57e81bc3.png (Sorry new users can't post images, but both are from the wikipedia article linked above, section "Perspective projection". That's where you'll find what all variables mean, too) The long formula is greatly simplified because I believe a normal top-down 2D camera has no X/Y/Z rotation values (correct ?). Then it becomes d = a - c. Still, I can't get it to work. Maybe you could explain what numbers I should put in a(xyz), c(xyz), theta(xyz), and particularly, e(xyz) ? I don't quite get how e is different than c in my case. c.z is also an issue to me. If the Z of the camera's target object is 0, should the camera's Z be something like -600 ? ( = focal length of 600) Whatever I do, it's wrong. I only got it to work when I used arbitrary calculations that "looked" right, like most cameras with parallax layers seem to do, but that's fake! ;) If I want objects to travel between Z layers I might as well do it right. :) Thanks a lot for your help!

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  • 2D isometric picking

    - by Bikonja
    I'm trying to implement picking in my isometric 2D game, however, I am failing. First of all, I've searched for a solution and came to several, different equations and even a solution using matrices. I tried implementing every single one, but none of them seem to work for me. The idea is that I have an array of tiles, with each tile having it's x and y coordinates specified (in this simplified example it's by it's position in the array). I'm thinking that the tile (0, 0) should be on the left, (max, 0) on top, (0, max) on the bottom and (max, max) on the right. I came up with this loop for drawing, which googling seems to have verified as the correct solution, as has the rendered scene (ofcourse, it could still be wrong, also, forgive the messy names and stuff, it's just a WIP proof of concept code) // Draw code int col = 0; int row = 0; for (int i = 0; i < nrOfTiles; ++i) { // XOffset and YOffset are currently hardcoded values, but will represent camera offset combined with HUD offset Point tile = IsoToScreen(col, row, TileWidth / 2, TileHeight / 2, XOffset, YOffset); int x = tile.X; int y = tile.Y; spriteBatch.Draw(_tiles[i], new Rectangle(tile.X, tile.Y, TileWidth, TileHeight), Color.White); col++; if (col >= Columns) // Columns is the number of tiles in a single row { col = 0; row++; } } // Get selection overlay location (removed check if selection exists for simplicity sake) Point tile = IsoToScreen(_selectedTile.X, _selectedTile.Y, TileWidth / 2, TileHeight / 2, XOffset, YOffset); spriteBatch.Draw(_selectionTexture, new Rectangle(tile.X, tile.Y, TileWidth, TileHeight), Color.White); // End of draw code public Point IsoToScreen(int isoX, int isoY, int widthHalf, int heightHalf, int xOffset, int yOffset) { Point newPoint = new Point(); newPoint.X = widthHalf * (isoX + isoY) + xOffset; newPoint.Y = heightHalf * (-isoX + isoY) + yOffset; return newPoint; } This code draws the tiles correctly. Now I wanted to do picking to select the tiles. For this, I tried coming up with equations of my own (including reversing the drawing equation) and I tried multiple solutions I found on the internet and none of these solutions worked. Trying out lots of solutions, I came upon one that didn't work, but it seemed like an axis was just inverted. I fiddled around with the equations and somehow managed to get it to actually work (but have no idea why it works), but while it's close, it still doesn't work. I'm not really sure how to describe the behaviour, but it changes the selection at wrong places, while being fairly close (sometimes spot on, sometimes a tile off, I believe never more off than the adjacent tile). This is the code I have for getting which tile coordinates are selected: public Point? ScreenToIso(int screenX, int screenY, int tileHeight, int offsetX, int offsetY) { Point? newPoint = null; int nX = -1; int nY = -1; int tX = screenX - offsetX; int tY = screenY - offsetY; nX = -(tY - tX / 2) / tileHeight; nY = (tY + tX / 2) / tileHeight; newPoint = new Point(nX, nY); return newPoint; } I have no idea why this code is so close, especially considering it doesn't even use the tile width and all my attempts to write an equation myself or use a solution I googled failed. Also, I don't think this code accounts for the area outside the "tile" (the transparent part of the tile image), for which I intend to add a color map, but even if that's true, it's not the problem as the selection sometimes switches on approx 25% or 75% of width or height. I'm thinking I've stumbled upon a wrong path and need to backtrack, but at this point, I'm not sure what to do so I hope someone can shed some light on my error or point me to the right path. It may be worth mentioning that my goal is to not only pick the tile. Each main tile will be divided into 5x5 smaller tiles which won't be drawn seperately from the whole main tile, but they will need to be picked out. I think a color map of a main tile with different colors for different coordinates within the main tile should take care of that though, which would fall within using a color map for the main tile (for the transparent parts of the tile, meaning parts that possibly belong to other tiles).

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  • What are cons of usage only non-member functions and POD?

    - by Miro
    I'm creating my own game engine. I've read these articles and this question about DOD and there was written to not use member functions and classes. I also heard some criticism to this idea. I can write it using member functions or non-member functions it would be similar. So what are benefits/cons of that approach or when project grows, does any of these approaches give clearer and better manageable code? With POD & non-member functions I don't have to make struct members public I can still use object id outside of engine like OpenGL does with all it's stuff, so It's not about encapsulation. POD - plain old data DOD - data oriented design

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  • Pixmaps, ByteBuffers, and Textures....Oh my

    - by odaymichael
    My ultimate goal is to take a specific region of the screen, and redraw it somewhere else. For example, take a square from the upper left hand corner of the screen and redraw it on the lower right hand corner, so that it is basically a copy of that screen section; kind of like a minimap, but at the same scale as the original. I have looked in to pixmaps and bytebuffers. Also maybe copying that region from the backbuffer somehow. Wondering the best way to go about this. Any help is appreciated. I am using opengl es and libgdx for what it's worth.

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  • Alternatives to multiple sprite batches for achieving 2D particle system depth

    - by Ergwun
    In my 2D XNA game, I render all my sprites with a single sprite batch using SpriteSortMode.BackToFront and BlendState.AlphaBlend. I'm adding a particle system based on the App Hub particles sample. Since this uses SpriteSortMode.Deferred and BlendState.Additive, I will need to have two SpriteBatch.Begin / SpriteBatch.End pairs: one for 'regular' sprites, and one for particles. In my top-down shooter, If I want to have explosions appear under planes, but above the ground, then I believe I will have to have three Begin/End pairs, first to draw everything under the explosions, then to draw the explosions, then to draw everything above the explosions. If I want to have particle effects at multiple different depths, then I'm going to need even more Begin/Endpairs. This is all easy to code, but I'm wondering if there is an alternative way to handle this?

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  • graphical interface when using assembly language

    - by Hellbent
    Im looking to use assembly language to make a great game, not just an average game but a really great game. I want to learn a framework to use in assembly. I know thats not possible without learning the framework in c first. So im thinking of learning sdl in c and then learn, teach myself, how to interpret the program and run it as assembly language code which shouldnt be that hard. Then i will have a window and some graphics routines to display the game while using assembly to code everything in. I need to spend some time learning sdl and then some more time learning how to code all those statements using assembly while calling c functions and knowing what registers returned calls use and what they leave etc. My question is , Is this a good way to go or is there something better to get a graphical window display using assembly language? Regards HellBent

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  • How stoper one annimation model on XNA?

    - by Mehdi Bugnard
    I met a Difficulty for one stoper annimation. Everything works great starter for the animation. But I do not see how stoper and can continue the annimation paused. The "animationPlayer.StartClip (clip)" is used to choke the annimation but impossible to find a way to stoper Thans's a lot Here is my code to use. protected override void LoadContent() { //Model - Player model_player = Content.Load<Model>("Models\\Player\\models"); // Look up our custom skinning information. SkinningData skinningData = model_player.Tag as SkinningData; if (skinningData == null) throw new InvalidOperationException ("This model does not contain a SkinningData tag."); // Create an animation player, and start decoding an animation clip. animationPlayer = new AnimationPlayer(skinningData); AnimationClip clip = skinningData.AnimationClips["ArmLowAction_006"]; animationPlayer.StartClip(clip); } protected overide update(GameTime gameTime) { KeyboardState key = Keyboard.GetState(); // If player don't move -> stop anim if (!key.IsKeyDown(Keys.W) && !keyStateOld.IsKeyUp(Keys.S) && !keyStateOld.IsKeyUp(Keys.A) && !keyStateOld.IsKeyUp(Keys.D)) { //animation stop ? not exist ? animationPlayer.Stop(); isPlayerStop = true; } else { if(isPlayerStop == true) { isPlayerStop = false; animationPlayer.StartClip(Clip); } }

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  • ConsumeStructuredBuffer, what am I doing wrong?

    - by John
    I'm trying to implement the 3rd exercise in chapter 12 of Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11, that is: Implement a Compute Shader to calculate the length of 64 vectors. Previous exercises ask you to do the same with typed buffers and regular structured buffers and I had no problems with them. For what I've read, [Consume|Append]StructuredBuffers are bound to the pipeline using UnorderedAccessViews (as long as they use the D3D11_BUFFER_UAV_FLAG_APPEND, and the buffers have both D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE and D3D11_BIND_UNORDERED_ACCESS bind flags). Problem is: my AppendStructuredBuffer works, since I can append data to it and retrieve it from the application to write to a results file, but the ConsumeStructuredBuffer always returns zeroed data. Data is in the buffer, since if I change the UAV to a ShaderResourceView and to a StructuredBuffer in the HLSL side it works. I don't know what I am missing: Should I initialize the ConsumeStructuredBuffer on the GPU, or can I do it when I create the buffer (as I amb currently doing). Is it OK to bind the buffer with a UAV as described above? Do I need to bind it as a ShaderResourceView somehow? Maybe I am missing some step? This is the declaration of buffers in the Compute Shader: struct Data { float3 v; }; struct Result { float l; }; ConsumeStructuredBuffer<Data> gInput; AppendStructuredBuffer<Result> gOutput; And here the creation of the buffer and UAV for input data: D3D11_BUFFER_DESC inputDesc; inputDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; inputDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Data) * mNumElements; inputDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_UNORDERED_ACCESS; inputDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; inputDesc.StructureByteStride = sizeof(Data); inputDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_BUFFER_STRUCTURED; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData; vinitData.pSysMem = &data[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&inputDesc, &vinitData, &mInputBuffer)); D3D11_UNORDERED_ACCESS_VIEW_DESC uavDesc; uavDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN; uavDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_UAV_DIMENSION_BUFFER; uavDesc.Buffer.FirstElement = 0; uavDesc.Buffer.Flags = D3D11_BUFFER_UAV_FLAG_APPEND; uavDesc.Buffer.NumElements = mNumElements; md3dDevice->CreateUnorderedAccessView(mInputBuffer, &uavDesc, &mInputUAV); Initial data is an array of Data structs, which contain a XMFLOAT3 with random data. I bind the UAV to the shader using the Effects framework: ID3DX11EffectUnorderedAccessViewVariable* Input = mFX->GetVariableByName("gInput")->AsUnorderedAccessView(); Input->SetUnorderedAccessView(uav); // uav is mInputUAV Any ideas? Thank you.

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  • Importing 3d model with multiple skeletons

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I have created an animated butterfly in 3ds Max and try to export it in ".fbx" format to use in XNA, however as soon as I compile, i get the following Errors: Warning 1 Multiple skeletons were found in the file. The first skeleton, named "Left.Wing" has been moved to be a child of the scene root. The other, "Right.Wing", will be ignored. Fragment identifier "Right.Wing". Error 2 Vertex is bound to bone "Right.Wing", but this bone is not present in the skeleton. Which is confusing since I have the bone Right.Wing . . and I use it to animate the butterfly I have seen a few possible solution for Blender but none for 3Ds max it would be really helpful if someone could help me out with this

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  • Are there existing FOSS component-based frameworks?

    - by Tesserex
    The component based game programming paradigm is becoming much more popular. I was wondering, are there any projects out there that offer a reusable component framework? In any language, I guess I don't care about that. It's not for my own project, I'm just curious. Specifically I mean are there projects that include a base Entity class, a base Component class, and maybe some standard components? It would then be much easier starting a game if you didn't want to reinvent the wheel, or maybe you want a GraphicsComponent that does sprites with Direct3D, but you figure it's already been done a dozen times. A quick Googling turns up Rusher. Has anyone heard of this / does anyone use it? If there are no popular ones, then why not? Is it too difficult to make something like this reusable, and they need heavy customization? In my own implementation I found a lot of boilerplate that could be shoved into a framework.

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  • Collision within a poly

    - by G1i1ch
    For an html5 engine I'm making, for speed I'm using a path poly. I'm having trouble trying to find ways to get collision with the walls of the poly. To make it simple I just have a vector for the object and an array of vectors for the poly. I'm using Cartesian vectors and they're 2d. Say poly = [[550,0],[169,523],[-444,323],[-444,-323],[169,-523]], it's just a pentagon I generated. The object that will collide is object, object.pos is it's position and object.vel is it's velocity. They're both 2d vectors too. I've had some success to get it to find a collision, but it's just black box code I ripped from a c++ example. It's very obscure inside and all it does though is return true/false and doesn't return what vertices are collided or collision point, I'd really like to be able to understand this and make my own so I can have more meaningful collision. I'll tackle that later though. Again the question is just how does one find a collision to walls of a poly given you know the poly vertices and the object's position + velocity? If more info is needed please let me know. And if all anyone can do is point me to the right direction that's great.

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  • OpenGL 2D Rasterization Sub-Pixel Translations

    - by Armin Ronacher
    I have a tile based 2D engine where the projection matrix is an orthographic view of the world without any scaling applied. Thus: one pixel texture is drawn on the screen in the same size. That all works well and looks nice but if the camera makes a sub-pixel movement small lines appear between the tiles. I can tell you in advance what does not fix the problem: GL_NEAREST texture interpolation GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE What does “fix” the problem is anchoring the camera to the nearest pixel instead of doing a sub-pixel translation. I can live with that, but the camera movement becomes jerky. Any ideas how to fix that problem without resorting to the rounding trick I do currently?

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  • IDirect3DDevice9Ex and D3DPOOL_MANAGED?

    - by bluescrn
    So I wanted to switch to IDirect3DDevice9Ex, purely for the SetFrameLatency function, as fullscreen vsynced D3D seemed to produce noticable input lag. But then it tells me 'ha ha ha! now you can't use D3DPOOL_MANAGED!': Direct3D9: (ERROR) :D3DPOOL_MANAGED is not valid with IDirect3DDevice9Ex Is this really as unpleasant as it looks (when you're relying quite heavily on managed resources) - or is there a simple solution? If it really does mean manual management of everything (reloading all static textures, VBs, and IBs on a device reset), is it worth the hassle, will IDirect3DDevice9Ex bring enough benefit to make it worth writing a new resource manager? Starting to think I must be doing something wrong, due to this: Direct3D9: (ERROR) :Lock is not supported for textures allocated with POOL_DEFAULT unless they are marked D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC. So if I put my (static) textures in POOL_DEFAULT, they need flagging as D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC, just because I lock them once to load the data in?

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  • How to export 3D models that consist of several parts (eg. turret on a tank)?

    - by Will
    What are the standard alternatives for the mechanics of attaching turrets and such to 3D models for use in-game? I don't mean the logic, but rather the graphics aspects. My naive approach is to extend the MD2-like format that I'm using (blender-exported using a script) to include a new set of properties for a mesh that: is anchored in another 'parent' mesh. The anchor is a point and normal in the parent mesh and a point and normal in the child mesh; these will always be colinear, giving the child rotation but not translation relative to the parent point. has a normal that is aligned with a 'target'. Classically this target is the enemy that is being engaged, but it might be some other vector e.g. 'the wind' (for sails and flags (and smoke, which is a particle system but the same principle applies)) or 'upwards' (e.g. so bodies of riders bend properly when riding a horse up an incline etc). that the anchor and target alignments have maximum and minimum and a speed coeff. there is game logic for multiple turrets and on a model and deciding which engages which enemy. 'primary' and 'secondary' or 'target0' ... 'targetN' or some such annotation will be there. So to illustrate, a classic tank would be made from three meshes; a main body mesh, a turret mesh that is anchored to the top of the main body so it can spin only horizontally and a barrel mesh that is anchored to the front of the turret and can only move vertically within some bounds. And there might be a forth flag mesh on top of the turret that is aligned with 'wind' where wind is a function the engine solves that merges environment's wind angle with angle the vehicle is travelling in an velocity, or something fancy. This gives each mesh one degree of freedom relative to its parent. Things with multiple degrees of freedom can be modelled by zero-vertex connecting meshes perhaps? This is where I think the approach I outlined begins to feel inelegant, yet perhaps its still a workable system? This is why I want to know how it is done in professional games ;) Are there better approaches? Are there formats that already include this information? Is this routine?

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  • Sprite transparency not effected libGDX

    - by Aon GoltzCrank
    I am making a game using libGDX and Tween Universal Engine. My problem is as follows: I have 2 screens so fars, a splash screen with the logo, and a second one which is the main menu. In the splash screen I use a SpriteBatch and a Sprite with the Texture of the image I want (which goes through some scaling.) Now I use the Tween engine, along with a created SpriteAccessor to control the alpha of the sprite. I fade the picture in, then fade it out, then change it to the next screen. In the next screen I have a single sprite, and a single, 3 slot, sprite array. In this screen I also use the tween engine, I fade the single sprite into the screen (it's the background image) then I try to, using the same method, (Tween.to) to change the alpah of the sprite array (each sprite by itself.), I first set it to 0 using Tween.set, then using the method I change it. This didn't work, after some tests I tried setting the alpha of a single sprite from the array to 0, and that didn't work. It's like the program is ignoring the alpha value, I even printed out the alpha value, it saying 0, but the sprite is visible. How can I fix this, or why might it be caused?

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  • XNA 4.0, Combining model draw calls

    - by MayContainNuts
    I have the following problem: The levels in my game are made up of a Large Quantity of small Models and because of that I am experiencing frame rate problems. I already did some research and came to the conclusion that the amount of draw calls I am making must be the root of my problems. I've looked around for a while now and couldn't quite find a satisfying solution. I can't cull any of those models, in a worst case scenario there could be 1000 of them visible at the same time. I also looked at Hardware geometry Instancing, but I don't think that's quite what I'm looking for, because the level consists of a lot of different parts. So, what I'd like to do is combining 100 or 200 of these Models into a single large one and draw it as a whole 'chunk'. The whole geometry is static so it wouldn't have to be changed after combining, but different parts of it would have to use different textures (I think I can accomplish that with a texture atlas). But I have no idea how to to that, so does anybody have any suggestions?

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  • determine collision angle on a rotating body

    - by jorb
    update: new diagram and updated description I have a contact listener set up to try and determine the side that a collision happened at relative to the a bodies rotation. One way to solve this is to find the value of the yellow angle between the red and blue vectors drawn above. The angle can be found by taking the arc cosine of the dot product of the two vectors (Evan pointed this out). One of my points of confusion is the difference in domain of the atan2 function html canvas coordinates and the Box2d rotation information. I know I have to account for this somehow... SS below questions: Does Box2D provide these angles more directly in the collision information? Am I even on the right track? If so, any hints? I have the following javascript so far: Ship.prototype.onCollide = function (other_ent,cx,cy) { var pos = this.body.GetPosition(); //collision position relative to body var d_cx = pos.x - cx; var d_cy = pos.y - cy; //length of initial vector var len = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(pos.x -cx,2) + Math.pow(pos.y-cy,2)); //body angle - can over rotate hence mod 2*Pi var ang = this.body.GetAngle() % (Math.PI * 2); //vector representing body's angle - same magnitude as the first var b_vx = len * Math.cos(ang); var b_vy = len * Math.sin(ang); //dot product of the two vectors var dot_prod = d_cx * b_vx + d_cy * b_vy; //new calculation of difference in angle - NOT WORKING! var d_ang = Math.acos(dot_prod); var side; if (Math.abs(d_ang) < Math.PI/2 ) side = "front"; else side = "back"; console.log("length",len); console.log("pos:",pos.x,pos.y); console.log("offs:",d_cx,d_cy); console.log("body vec",b_vx,b_vy); console.log("body angle:",ang); console.log("dot product",dot_prod); console.log("result:",d_ang); console.log("side",side); console.log("------------------------"); }

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  • Proportional speed movement between mouse and cube

    - by user1350772
    Hi i´m trying to move a cube with the freeglut mouse "glutMotionFunc(processMouseActiveMotion)" callback, my problem is that the movement is not proportional between the mouse speed movement and the cube movement. MouseButton function: #define MOVE_STEP 0.04 float g_x=0.0f; glutMouseFunc(MouseButton); glutMotionFunc(processMouseActiveMotion); void MouseButton(int button, int state, int x, int y){ if(button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state== GLUT_DOWN){ initial_x=x; } } When the left button gets clicked the x cordinate is stored in initial_x variable. void processMouseActiveMotion(int x,int y){ if(x>initial_x){ g_x-= MOVE_STEP; }else{ g_x+= MOVE_STEP; } initial_x=x; } When I move the mouse I look in which way it moves comparing the mouse new x coordinate with the initial_x variable, if xinitial_x the cube moves to the right, if not it moves to the left. Any idea how can i move the cube according to the mouse movement speed? Thanks EDIT 1 The idea is that when you click on any point of the screen and you drag to the left/right the cube moves proportionally of the mouse mouvement speed.

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  • Position Reconstruction from Depth by inverting Perspective Projection

    - by user1294203
    I had some trouble reconstructing position from depth sampled from the depth buffer. I use the equivalent of gluPerspective in GLM. The code in GLM is: template GLM_FUNC_QUALIFIER detail::tmat4x4 perspective ( valType const & fovy, valType const & aspect, valType const & zNear, valType const & zFar ) { valType range = tan(radians(fovy / valType(2))) * zNear; valType left = -range * aspect; valType right = range * aspect; valType bottom = -range; valType top = range; detail::tmat4x4 Result(valType(0)); Result[0][0] = (valType(2) * zNear) / (right - left); Result[1][2] = (valType(2) * zNear) / (top - bottom); Result[2][3] = - (zFar + zNear) / (zFar - zNear); Result[2][4] = - valType(1); Result[3][5] = - (valType(2) * zFar * zNear) / (zFar - zNear); return Result; } There doesn't seem to be any errors in the code. So I tried to invert the projection, the formula for the z and w coordinates after projection are: and dividing z' with w' gives the post-projective depth (which lies in the depth buffer), so I need to solve for z, which finally gives: Now, the problem is I don't get the correct position (I have compared the one reconstructed with a rendered position). I then tried using the respective formula I get by doing the same for this Matrix. The corresponding formula is: For some reason, using the above formula gives me the correct position. I really don't understand why this is the case. Have I done something wrong? Could someone enlighten me please?

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