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  • Can anyone explain step-by-step how the as3isolib depth-sorts isometric objects?

    - by Rob Evans
    The library manages to depth-sort correctly, even when using items of non-1x1 sizes. I took a look through the code but it's a big project to go through line by line! There are some questions about the process such as: How are the x, y, z values of each object defined? Are they the center points of the objects or something else? I noticed that the IBounds defines the bounds of the object. If you were to visualise a cuboid of 40, 40, 90 in size, where would each of the IBounds metrics be? I would like to know how as3isolib achieves this although I would also be happy with a generalised pseudo-code version. At present I have a system that works 90% of the time but in cases of objects that are along the same horizontal line, the depth is calculated as the same value. The depth calculation currently works like this: x = object horizontal center point y = object vertical center point originX and Y = the origin point relative to the object so if you want the origin to be the center, the value would be originX = 0.5, originY = 0.5. If you wanted the origin to be vertical center, horizontal far right of the object it would be originX = 1.0, originY = 0.5. The origin adjusts the position that the object is transformed from. AABB_width = The bounding box width. AABB_height = The bounding box height. depth = x + (AABB_width * originX) + y + (AABB_height * originY) - z; This generates the same depth for all objects along the same horizontal x.

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  • The technology behind 22can's curiosity

    - by Cameron Scully
    I don't have alot of experience with mobile apps and I definitely don't know much about MMO's but I was wondering what the basic architecture of a game like that would be (understandably some don't consider it a game, but it must use some game theory and implementation). Mainly, how are they able to send/recieve real time feed back of the cube being chipped away by thousands of players on their mobile devices? How is data of the cube's millions of pieces stored and accessed so quickly? Thanks

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  • Beginning android games, 2nd edition engine

    - by Benjamin Stephen
    I recently bought the book from Apress and have worked my way through it, unfortunately, it seems to just be dealing with side scrolling games and not Zelda-like top down games. I was wondering if anyone out there can tell me if it's possible to use their engine to create such a game? It doesn't go into how to build a top down tile map. Using the engine in their book, how can I make a tile map easily that has walls and things like that? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • Simulating smooth movement along a line after calculating a collision containing a restitution of zero in 2D

    - by Casey
    [for tl;dr see after listing] //...Code to determine shapes types involved in collision here... //...Rectangle-Line collision detected. if(_rbTest->GetCollisionShape()->Intersects(*_ground->GetCollisionShape())) { //Convert incoming shape to a line. a2de::Line l(*dynamic_cast<a2de::Line*>(_ground->GetCollisionShape())); //Get line's normal. a2de::Vector2D normal_vector(l.GetSlope().GetY(), -l.GetSlope().GetX()); a2de::Vector2D::Normalize(normal_vector); //Accumulate forces involved. a2de::Vector2D intermediate_forces; a2de::Vector2D normal_force = normal_vector * _rbTest->GetMass() * _world->GetGravityHandler()->GetGravityValue(); intermediate_forces += normal_force; //Calculate final velocity: See [1] double Ma = _rbTest->GetMass(); a2de::Vector2D Ua = _rbTest->GetVelocity(); double Mb = _ground->GetMass(); a2de::Vector2D Ub = _ground->GetVelocity(); double mCr = Mb * _ground->GetRestitution(); a2de::Vector2D collision_velocity( ((Ma * Ua) + (Mb * Ub) + ((mCr * Ub) - (mCr * Ua))) / (Ma + Mb)); //Calculate reflection vector: See [2] a2de::Vector2D reflect_velocity( -collision_velocity + 2 * (a2de::Vector2D::DotProduct(collision_velocity, normal_vector)) * normal_vector ); //Affect velocity to account for restitution of colliding bodies. reflect_velocity *= (_ground->GetRestitution() * _rbTest->GetRestitution()); _rbTest->SetVelocity(reflect_velocity); //THE ULTIMATE ISSUE STEMS FROM THE FOLLOWING LINE: //Move object away from collision one pixel to prevent constant collision. _rbTest->SetPosition(_rbTest->GetPosition() + normal_vector); _rbTest->ApplyImpulse(intermediate_forces); } Sources: (1) Wikipedia: Coefficient of Restitution: Speeds after impact (2) Wikipedia: Specular Reflection: Direction of reflection First, I have a system in place to account for friction (that is, a coefficient of friction) but is not used right now (in addition, it is zero, which should not affect the math anyway). I'll deal with that after I get this working. Anyway, when the restitution of either object involved in the collision is zero the object stops as required, but if movement along the same direction (again, irrespective of the friction value that isn't used) as the line is attempted the object moves as if slogging through knee deep snow. If I remove the line of code in question and the object is not push away one pixel the object barely moves at all. All because the object collides, is stopped, is pushed up, collides, is stopped...etc. OR collides, is stopped, collides, is stopped, etc... TL;DR How do I only account for a collision ONCE for restitution purposes (BONUS: but CONTINUALLY for frictional purposes, to be implemented later)

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  • Android Touch Event Collision Detection

    - by chrissb
    I'm relatively new to both Java and Android, so hopefully the problem I'm having is stemming from something pretty minor that I've overlooked. I've got a (very early stage) game that I've started working on, for Android using Java. At this stage, when the user touches the screen, if they touched a point at which there is an enemy, the enemies health is decreased and they become immobile (for the current implementation at least). The issue that I'm having is that the touch detection doesn't always seem to work. I've got a testing sprite set up that goes to the eventX and eventY coordinates of the touch down event, and it always seems to collide with the enemy object. Yet, the enemy doesn't always register as being hit, and sometimes a hit is registered when the sprite indicates the touch coordinates were outside of the enemies bounding box. I realise that this probably doesn't mean much without any code, so here's what I've got so far. Be gentle, as this is literally my first attempt at something more than basic movement etc. First off, the MainGamePanel class registers the touch event, and informs the levelmanager class (which is what I set up to monitor/handle enemies) public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){ levelManager.handleActionDown((int)event.getX(), (int)event.getY()); targetX=event.getX(); targetY=event.getY(); } if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) { //the gestures } if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) { //touch was released } return true; } From there, in the levelmanager class the touch event is passed on to all of the enemies within a list array: public static void handleActionDown(int eventX,int eventY){ hit=false; for (enemy1 en : enemy1array){ en.handleActionDown(eventX, eventY); } } The rest of the collision code is handled within the enemies handleActionDown function: public void handleActionDown(int eventX, int eventY) { if(eventX>this.x-enemy1bitmap.getWidth() && eventX<this.x+enemy1bitmap.getWidth() && eventY>this.y-enemy1bitmap.getHeight() && eventY<this.x+enemy1bitmap.getHeight()){ takeDamage(1); levelmanager.setHit(); } } I should probably be using getWidth()/2 and getHeight()/2 for it to be more accurate, but I expanded the area to test this - although I've noticed no improvement. At this stage, the games detection over whether or not the enemy is hit is spotty at best. Generally it takes two or three attempts before a collision is successfully registered, even though the sprite that is being used for testing and set to the eventX and eventY coordinates always indicates that the collision should have worked. Hopefully someone can steer me in the right direction here, and if more information is needed, ask away! Cheers, -Chris

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  • Help with this optimization

    - by Milo
    Here is what I do: I have bitmaps which I draw into another bitmap. The coordinates are from the center of the bitmap, thus on a 256 by 256 bitmap, an object at 0.0,0.0 would be drawn at 128,128 on the bitmap. I also found the furthest extent and made the bitmap size 2 times the extent. So if the furthest extent is 200,200 pixels, then the bitmap's size is 400,400. Unfortunately this is a bit inefficient. If a bitmap needs to be drawn at 500,500 and the other one at 300,300, then the target bitmap only needs to be 200,200 in size. I cannot seem to find a correct way to draw in the components correctly with a reduced size. I figure out the target bitmap size like this: float AvatarComposite::getFloatWidth(float& remainder) const { float widest = 0.0f; float widestNeg = 0.0f; for(size_t i = 0; i < m_components.size(); ++i) { if(m_components[i].getSprite() == NULL) { continue; } float w = m_components[i].getX() + ( ((m_components[i].getSprite()->getWidth() / 2.0f) * m_components[i].getScale()) / getWidthToFloat()); float wn = m_components[i].getX() - ( ((m_components[i].getSprite()->getWidth() / 2.0f) * m_components[i].getScale()) / getWidthToFloat()); if(w > widest) { widest = w; } if(wn > widest) { widest = wn; } if(w < widestNeg) { widestNeg = w; } if(wn < widestNeg) { widestNeg = wn; } } remainder = (2 * widest) - (widest - widestNeg); return widest - widestNeg; } And here is how I position and draw the bitmaps: int dw = m_components[i].getSprite()->getWidth() * m_components[i].getScale(); int dh = m_components[i].getSprite()->getHeight() * m_components[i].getScale(); int cx = (getWidth() + (m_remainderX * getWidthToFloat())) / 2; int cy = (getHeight() + (m_remainderY * getHeightToFloat())) / 2; cx -= m_remainderX * getWidthToFloat(); cy -= m_remainderY * getHeightToFloat(); int dx = cx + (m_components[i].getX() * getWidthToFloat()) - (dw / 2); int dy = cy + (m_components[i].getY() * getHeightToFloat()) - (dh / 2); g->drawScaledSprite(m_components[i].getSprite(),0.0f,0.0f, m_components[i].getSprite()->getWidth(),m_components[i].getSprite()->getHeight(),dx,dy, dw,dh,0); I basically store the difference between the original 2 * longest extent bitmap and the new optimized one, then I translate by that much which I would think would cause me to draw correctly but then some of the components look cut off. Any insight would help. Thanks

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  • Error instantiating Texture2D in MonoGame for Windows 8 Metro Apps

    - by JimmyBoh
    I have an game which builds for WindowsGL and Windows8. The WindowsGL works fine, but the Windows8 build throws an error when trying to instantiate a new Texture2D. The Code: var texture = new Texture2D(CurrentGame.SpriteBatch.GraphicsDevice, width, 1); // Error thrown here... texture.setData(FunctionThatReturnsColors()); You can find the rest of the code on Github. The Error: SharpDX.SharpDXException was unhandled by user code HResult=-2147024809 Message=HRESULT: [0x80070057], Module: [Unknown], ApiCode: [Unknown/Unknown], Message: The parameter is incorrect. Source=SharpDX StackTrace: at SharpDX.Result.CheckError() at SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device.CreateTexture2D(Texture2DDescription& descRef, DataBox[] initialDataRef, Texture2D texture2DOut) at SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D..ctor(Device device, Texture2DDescription description) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D..ctor(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Int32 width, Int32 height, Boolean mipmap, SurfaceFormat format, Boolean renderTarget) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Texture2D..ctor(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Int32 width, Int32 height) at BrewmasterEngine.Graphics.Content.Gradient.CreateHorizontal(Int32 width, Color left, Color right) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Graphics\Content\Gradient.cs:line 16 at SampleGame.Menu.Widgets.GradientBackground.UpdateBounds(Object sender, EventArgs args) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\SampleGame\Menu\Widgets\GradientBackground.cs:line 39 at SampleGame.Menu.Widgets.GradientBackground..ctor(Color start, Color stop, Int32 scrollamount, Single scrollspeed, Boolean horizontal) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\SampleGame\Menu\Widgets\GradientBackground.cs:line 25 at SampleGame.Scenes.IntroScene.Load(Action done) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\SampleGame\Scenes\IntroScene.cs:line 23 at BrewmasterEngine.Scenes.Scene.LoadScene(Action`1 callback) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Scenes\Scene.cs:line 89 at BrewmasterEngine.Scenes.SceneManager.Load(String sceneName, Action`1 callback) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Scenes\SceneManager.cs:line 69 at BrewmasterEngine.Scenes.SceneManager.LoadDefaultScene(Action`1 callback) in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Scenes\SceneManager.cs:line 83 at BrewmasterEngine.Framework.Game2D.LoadContent() in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Framework\Game2D.cs:line 117 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at BrewmasterEngine.Framework.Game2D.Initialize() in c:\Projects\Personal\GitHub\BrewmasterEngine\BrewmasterEngine\Framework\Game2D.cs:line 105 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.DoInitialize() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run(GameRunBehavior runBehavior) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.MetroFrameworkView`1.Run() InnerException: Is this an error that needs to be solved in MonoGame, or is there something that I need to do differently in my engine and game?

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  • Will a polled event system cause lag for a server?

    - by Milo
    I'm using a library called ENet. It is a reliable UDP library. The way it works is a polled event system like this: ENetEvent event; /* Wait up to 1000 milliseconds for an event. */ while (enet_host_service (client, & event, 1000) > 0) { switch (event.type) { case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT: printf ("A new client connected from %x:%u.\n", event.peer -> address.host, event.peer -> address.port); /* Store any relevant client information here. */ event.peer -> data = "Client information"; break; case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_RECEIVE: printf ("A packet of length %u containing %s was received from %s on channel %u.\n", event.packet -> dataLength, event.packet -> data, event.peer -> data, event.channelID); /* Clean up the packet now that we're done using it. */ enet_packet_destroy (event.packet); break; case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT: printf ("%s disconected.\n", event.peer -> data); /* Reset the peer's client information. */ event.peer -> data = NULL; } } It waits up to 1000 milliseconds for an event. If I'm hosting say 75 event driven card games and a lobby on the same thread as this code, will it cause any problems. If my understanding is correct, the process will simply sleep until there is an event, when there is one, it will process the event then come back here where potentially 5 or so events have queued up since so enet_host_services would return right away and not cause lag. I have been advised not to use multiple threads, will that be alright like this? Thanks

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  • XNA calculate normals for linesegment

    - by Gerhman
    I am quite new to 3D graphical programming and thus far only understand that normal somehow define the direction in which a vertex faces and therefore the direction in which light is reflected. I have now idea how they are calculated though, only that they are defined by a Vector3. For a visualizer that I am creating I am importing a bunch of coordinate which represent layer upon layer of line segments. At the moment I am only using a vertex buffer and adding the start and end point of each line and then rendering a linelist. The thing is now that I need to calculate the normal for the vertices of these line segments so that I can get some realistic lighting. I have no idea how to calculate these normal but I know they all face sideways and not up or down. To calculate them all I have are the start and end positions of each line segment. The below image is a representation of what I think I need to do in the case of an example layer: The red arrows represent the normal that should be calculates, the blue text represent the coordinates of the vertices and the green numbers represent their indices. I would greatly appreciate it if someone could please explain to me how I should calculate these normal.

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  • Determinism in multiplayer simulation with Box2D, and single computer

    - by Jake
    I wrote a small test car driving multiplayer game with Box2D using TCP server-client communcations. I ran 1 instance of server.exe and 2 instance of client.exe on the same machine that I code and compile the executables. I type inputs (WASD for a simple car movement) into one of the 2 clients and I can get both clients to update the simulation. There are 2 cars in the simulation. As long as the cars do not collide, I get the same identical output on both client.exe. I can run the car(s) around for as long as I could they still update the same. However, if I start to collide the cars, very quickly they go out of sync. My tools: Windows 7, C++, MSVS 2010, Box2D, freeGlut. My Psuedocode: // client.exe void timer(int value) { tcpServer.send(my_inputs); foreach(i = player including myself) inputs[i] = tcpServer.receive(); foreach(i = player including myself) players[i].process(inputs[i]); myb2World.step(33, 8, 6); // Box2D world step simulation foreach(i = player including myself) renderer.render(player[i]); glutTimerFunc(33, timer, 0); } // server.exe void serviceloop { while(all clients alive) { foreach(c = clients) tcpClients[c].receive(&inputs[c]); // send input of each client to all clients foreach(source = clients) { foreach(dest = clients) { tcpClients[dest].send(inputs[source]); } } } } I have read all over the internet and SE the following claims (paraphrased): Box2D is deterministic as long as floating point architecture/implementation is the same. (For any deterministic engine) Determinism is gauranteed if playback of recorded inputs is on the same machine with exe compiled using same compiler and machine. Additionally my server.exe and client.exe gameloop is single thread with blocking socket calls and fixed time step. Question: Can anyone explain what I did wrong to get different Box2D output?

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  • What is the correct and most efficient approach of streaming vertex data?

    - by Martijn Courteaux
    Usually, I do this in my current OpenGL ES project (for iOS): Initialization: Create two VBO's and one IndexBuffer (since I will use the same indices), same size. Create two VAO's and configure them, both bound to the same Index Buffer. Each frame: Choose a VBO/VAO couple. (Different from the previous frame, so I'm alternating.) Bind that VBO Upload new data using glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ...). Bind the VAO Render my stuff using glDrawElements(GL_***, ...); Unbind the VAO However, someone told me to avoid uploading data (step 3) and render immediately the new data (step 5). I should avoid this, because the glDrawElements call will stall until the buffer is effectively uploaded to VRAM. So he suggested to draw all my geometry I uploaded the previous frame and upload in the current frame what will be drawn in the next frame. Thus, everything is rendered with the delay of one frame. Is this true or am I using the good approach to work with streaming vertex data? (I do know that the pipeline will stall the other way around. Ie: when you draw and immediately try to change the buffer data. But I'm not doing that, since I implemented double buffering.)

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  • What's a good entity hierarchy for a 2D game?

    - by futlib
    I'm in the process of building a new 2D game out of some code I wrote a while ago. The object hierarchy for entities is like this: Scene (e.g. MainMenu): Contains multiple entities and delegates update()/draw() to each Entity: Base class for all things in a scene (e.g. MenuItem or Alien) Sprite: Base class for all entities that just draw a texture, i.e. don't have their own drawing logic Does it make sense to split up entities and sprites up like that? I think in a 2D game, the terms entity and sprite are somewhat synonymous, right? But I do believe that I need some base class for entities that just draw a texture, as opposed to drawing themselves, to avoid duplication. Most entities are like that. One weird case is my Text class: It derives from Sprite, which accepts either the path of an image or an already loaded texture in its constructor. Text loads a texture in its constructor and passes that to Sprite. Can you outline a design that makes more sense? Or point me to a good object-oriented reference code base for a 2D game? I could only find 3D engine code bases of decent code quality, e.g. Doom 3 and HPL1Engine.

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  • Is there any hueristic to polygonize a closed 2d-raster shape with n triangles?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    Lets say we have a 2d image black on white that shows a closed geometric shape. Is there any (not naive brute force) algorithm that approximates that shape as closely as possible with n triangles? If you want a formal definition for as closely as possible: Approximate the shape with a polygon that when rendered into a new 2d image will match the largest number of pixels possible with the original image.

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  • Handling Players, enemies and attacks in HTML5

    - by Chris Morris
    I'm building a simple (currently) game with free roaming player and monsters on a map built by a 2D grid. I've been looking at the methods for implementing characters and enemies onto the screen and I've seen two seperate methods for doing this online. Drawing the player onto the screen canvas directly and refreshing the entire screen every FPS tick. Having a separate canvas to handle the player and moving the player canvas on top of the screen canvas via absolute positioning. I can see some pros and cons of both methods but what is generally the best method for doing this? I assume the second due to not having to drain resources by refreshing the map when the user is not moving, but the type of game will generally have constant movement.

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  • Unable to access jar. Why?

    - by SystemNetworks
    I was making a game in java and exported it as jar file. Then after that, I opeed jar splice. I added the libaries and exported jar. I added the natives then i made a main class. I created a fat jar and put it on my desktop. I'm using Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion. When I put in the terminal, java -jar System Front.jar it says unable to access System Front.jar Even if i double click on the file, it doesen't show up! Help! I'm using slick. I added slick and lwjgl as libraries for the jar splice at the jars.

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  • Box2D how to implement a camera?

    - by Romeo
    By now i have this Camera class. package GameObjects; import main.Main; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; public class Camera { public int x; public int y; public int sx; public int sy; public static final float PIXEL_TO_METER = 50f; private float yFlip = -1.0f; public Camera() { x = 0; y = 0; sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public Camera(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public void update() { sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public void moveCam(int mx, int my) { if(mx >= 0 && mx <= 80) { this.x -= 2; } else if(mx <= Main.APPWIDTH && mx >= Main.APPWIDTH - 80) { this.x += 2; } if(my >= 0 && my <= 80) { this.y += 2; } else if(my <= Main.APPHEIGHT && my >= Main.APPHEIGHT - 80) { this.y -= 2; } this.update(); } public float meterToPixel(float meter) { return meter * PIXEL_TO_METER; } public float pixelToMeter(float pixel) { return pixel / PIXEL_TO_METER; } public Vec2 screenToWorld(Vec2 screenV) { return new Vec2(screenV.x + this.x, yFlip * screenV.y + this.y); } public Vec2 worldToScreen(Vec2 worldV) { return new Vec2(worldV.x - this.x, yFlip * worldV.y - this.y); } } I need to know how to modify the screenToWorld and worldToScreen functions to include the PIXEL_TO_METER scaling.

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  • Can't read .cso files but I can read their .hlsl versions?

    - by Jader J Rivera
    Well I've been trying to read a .cso file to use as a shader for a DirectX program I'm currently making. Problem is no matter how I implemented a way to read the file it never worked. And after fidgeting around I discover that it's only the .cso files I can't read. I can read anything else (which means it works) even their .hlsl files. Which is strange because the .hlsl (high level shader language) files are supposed to turn into .cso (compiled shader object) files. What I'm currently doing is: vector<byte> Read(string File){ vector<byte> Text; fstream file(File, ios::in | ios::ate | ios::binary); if(file.is_open()){ Text.resize(file.tellg()); file.seekg(0 , ios::beg); file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&Text[0]), Text.size()); file.close(); } return Text; }; If I then implement it. Read("VertexShader.hlsl"); //Works Read("VertexShader.cso"); //Doesn't Works?!?! And I need the .cso version of the shader to draw my sexy triangles. Without it my life and application will never continue and I have no idea what could be wrong. (I've also asked this at stack overflow but still no answers.)

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  • 2D Tile Map for Platformer, XML or SQLite?

    - by Stephen Tierney
    I'm developing a 2D platformer with some uni friends. We've based it upon the XNA Platformer Starter Kit which uses .txt files to store the tile map. While this is simple it does not give us enough control and flexibility with level design. I'm doing some research into whether to store level data in an XML file or in a database like SQLite. Which would be the best for this situation? Do either have any drawbacks (performance etc) compared to the other?

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  • Pre game loading time vs. in game loading time

    - by Keeper
    I'm developing a game in which a random maze is included. There are some AI creatures, lurking the maze. And I want them to go in some path according to the mazes shape. Now there are two possibilities for me to implement that, the first way (which I used) is by calculating several wanted lurking paths once the maze is created. The second, is by calculating a path once needed to be calculated, when a creature starts lurking it. My main concern is loading times. If I calculate many paths at the creating of the maze, the pre loading time is a bit long, so I thought about calculating them when needed. At the moment the game is not 'heavy' so calculating paths in mid game is not noticeable, but I'm afraid it will once it will get more complicated. Any suggestions, comments, opinions, will be of help. Edit: As for now, let p be the number of pre-calculated paths, a creatures has the probability of 1/p to take a new path (which means a path calculation) instead of an existing one. A creature does not start its patrol until the path is fully calculated of course, so no need to worry about him getting killed in the process.

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  • What is wrong with my specular phong shading

    - by Thijser
    I'm sorry if this should be placed on stackoverflow instead however seeing as this is graphics related I was hoping you guys could help me: I'm attempting to write a phong shader and currently working on the specular. I came acros the following formula: base*pow(dot(V,R),shininess) and attempted to implement it (V is the posion of the viewer and R the reflective vector). This gave the following result and code: Vec3Df phongSpecular(const Vec3Df & vertexPos, Vec3Df & normal, const Vec3Df & lightPos, const Vec3Df & cameraPos, unsigned int index) { Vec3Df relativeLightPos=(lightPos-vertexPos); relativeLightPos.normalize(); Vec3Df relativeCameraPos= (cameraPos-vertexPos); relativeCameraPos.normalize(); int DotOfNormalAndLight = Vec3Df::dotProduct(normal,relativeLightPos); Vec3Df reflective =(relativeLightPos-(2*DotOfNormalAndLight*normal))*-1; reflective.normalize(); float phongyness= Vec3Df::dotProduct(reflective,relativeCameraPos); if (phongyness<0){ phongyness=0; } float shininess= Shininess[index]; float speculair = powf(phongyness,shininess); return Ks[index]*speculair; } I'm looking for something more like this:

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  • SceneManagers as systems in entity system or as a core class used by a system?

    - by Hatoru Hansou
    It seems entity systems are really popular here. Links posted by other users convinced me of the power of such system and I decided to try it. (Well, that and my original code getting messy) In my project, I originally had a SceneManager class that maintained needed logic and structures to organize the scene (QuadTree, 2D game). Before rendering I call selectRect() and pass the x,y of the camera and the width and height of the screen and then obtain a minimized list containing only visible entities ordered from back to front. Now with Systems, originally in my first attempt my Render system required to get added all entities it should handle. This may sound like the correct approach but I realized this was not efficient. Trying to optimize It I reused the SceneManager class internally in the Renderer system, but then I realized I needed methods such as selectRect() in others systems too (AI principally) and make the SceneManager accessible globally again. Currently I converted SceneManager to a system, and ended up with the following interface (only relevant methods): /// Base system interface class System { public: virtual void tick (double delta_time) = 0; // (methods to add and remove entities) }; typedef std::vector<Entity*> EntitiesVector; /// Specialized system interface to allow query the scene class SceneManager: public System { public: virtual EntitiesVector& cull () = 0; /// Sets the entity to be used as the camera and replaces previous ones. virtual void setCamera (Entity* entity) = 0; }; class SceneRenderer // Not a system { vitual void render (EntitiesVector& entities) = 0; }; Also I could not guess how to convert renderers to systems. My game separates logic updates from screen updates, my main class have a tick() method and a render() method that may not be called the same times. In my first attempt renderers were systems but they was saved in a separated manager, updated only in render() and not in tick() like all other systems. I realized that was silly and simply created a SceneRenderer interface and give up about converting them to systems, but that may be for another question. Then... something does not feel right, isn't it? If I understood correctly a system should not depend on another or even count with another system exposing an specific interface. Each system should care only about its entities, or nodes (as optimization, so they have direct references to relevant components without having to constantly call the component() or getComponent() method of the entity).

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  • How to display a hierarchical skill tree in php

    - by user3587554
    If I have skill data set up in a tree format (where earlier skills are prerequisites for later ones), how would I display it as a tree, using php? The parent would be on top and have 3 children. Each of these children can then have one more child so its parent would be directly above it. I'm having trouble figuring out how to add the root element in the middle of the top div, and the child of the children below each child of the root. I'm not looking for code, but an explanation of how to do it. My data in array form is this: Data: Array ( [1] => Array ( [id] => 1 [title] => Jutsu [description] => Skill that makes you awesomer at using ninjutsu [tiers] => 1 [prereq] => [image] => images/skills/jutsu.png [children] => Array ( [2] => Array ( [id] => 2 [title] => fireball [description] => Increase your damage with fire jutsu and weapons [tiers] => 5 [prereq] => 1 [image] => images/skills/fireball.png [children] => Array ( [5] => Array ( [id] => 5 [title] => pin point [description] => Increases jutsu accuracy [tiers] => 5 [prereq] => 2 [image] => images/skills/pinpoint.png ) ) ) [3] => Array ( [id] => 3 [title] => synergy [description] => Reduce the amount of chakra needed to use ninjutsu [tiers] => 1 [prereq] => 1 [image] => images/skills/synergy.png ) [4] => Array ( [id] => 4 [title] => ebb & flow [description] => Increase the damage of water jutsu, water weapons, and reduce the damage of jutsu and weapons that use water element [tiers] => 5 [prereq] => 1 [image] => images/skills/ebbandflow.png [children] => Array ( [6] => Array ( [id] => 6 [title] => IQ [description] => Decrease the time it takes to learn a jutsu [tiers] => 5 [prereq] => 4 [image] => images/skills/iq.png ) ) ) ) ) ) An example would be this demo image minus the hover stuff.

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  • Draw Rectangle To All Dimensions of Image

    - by opiop65
    I have some rudimentary collision code: public class Collision { static boolean isColliding = false; static Rectangle player; static Rectangle female; public static void collision(){ Rectangle player = Game.Playerbounds(); Rectangle female = Game.Femalebounds(); if(player.intersects(female)){ isColliding = true; }else{ isColliding = false; } } } And this is the rectangle code: public static Rectangle Playerbounds() { return(new Rectangle(posX, posY, 25, 25)); } public static Rectangle Femalebounds() { return(new Rectangle(femaleX, femaleY, 25, 25)); } My InputHandling class: public static void movePlayer(GameContainer gc, int delta){ Input input = gc.getInput(); if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_W)){ Game.posY -= walkSpeed * delta; walkUp = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posY += walkSpeed * delta; } } if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_S)){ Game.posY += walkSpeed * delta; walkDown = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posY -= walkSpeed * delta; } } if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_D)){ Game.posX += walkSpeed * delta; walkRight = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posX -= walkSpeed * delta; } } if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_A)){ Game.posX -= walkSpeed * delta; walkLeft = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posX += walkSpeed * delta; } } } The code works partially. Only the right and top side of the images collide. How do I correct the rectangle so it will draw on all sides? Thanks for any suggestions!

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  • How do I use depth testing and texture transparency together in my 2.5D world?

    - by nbolton
    Note: I've already found an answer (which I will post after this question) - I was just wondering if I was doing it right, or if there is a better way. I'm making a "2.5D" isometric game using OpenGL ES (JOGL). By "2.5D", I mean that the world is 3D, but it is rendered using 2D isometric tiles. The original problem I had to solve was that my textures had to be rendered in order (from back to front), so that the tiles overlapped properly to create the proper effect. After some reading, I quickly realised that this is the "old hat" 2D approach. This became difficult to do efficiently, since the 3D world can be modified by the player (so stuff can appear anywhere in 3D space) - so it seemed logical that I take advantage of the depth buffer. This meant that I didn't have to worry about rendering stuff in the correct order. However, I faced a problem. If you use GL_DEPTH_TEST and GL_BLEND together, it creates an effect where objects are blended with the background before they are "sorted" by z order (meaning that you get a weird kind of overlap where the transparency should be). Here's some pseudo code that should illustrate the problem (incidentally, I'm using libgdx for Android). create() { // ... // some other code here // ... Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_BLEND); } render() { Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); Gdx.gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // ... // bind texture and create vertices // ... } So the question is: How do I solve the transparency overlap problem?

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  • Align tetrahedrons

    - by thedeadlybutter
    I'm currently generating tetrahedron meshes in Unity When a player clicks the side of a mesh, a new one spawns aligned with it, like this. I'm not sure how nor can I find any information on implementing a tetra hedron grid. I tried playing around with the vertices until I realized I need to adjust position & rotation. Any ideas? EDIT: To be clear, the second image was manually placed objects in the Unity Editor. I'm looking to make an algorithm that places the meshes correctly.

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