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• Ragdoll continuous movement

  - by Siddharth

  I have created a ragdoll for my game but the problem I found was that the ragdoll joints are not perfectly implemented so they are continuously moving. Ragdoll does not stand at fix place. I here paste my work for that and suggest some guidance about that so that it can stand on fix place. chest = new Chest(pX, pY, gameObject.getmChestTextureRegion(), gameObject); head = new Head(pX, pY - 16, gameObject.getmHeadTextureRegion(), gameObject); leftHand = new Hand(pX - 6, pY + 6, gameObject.getmHandTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightHand = new Hand(pX + 12, pY + 6, gameObject .getmHandTextureRegion().clone(), gameObject); rightHand.setFlippedHorizontal(true); leftLeg = new Leg(pX, pY + 18, gameObject.getmLegTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightLeg = new Leg(pX + 7, pY + 18, gameObject.getmLegTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightLeg.setFlippedHorizontal(true); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(chest); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(chest); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(head); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(head); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(leftHand); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(leftHand); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(rightHand); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(rightHand); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(leftLeg); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(leftLeg); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(rightLeg); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(rightLeg); // head revolute joint revoluteJointDef = new RevoluteJointDef(); revoluteJointDef.enableLimit = true; revoluteJointDef.initialize(head.getHeadBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0f, -0.5f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); headRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // // left leg revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(leftLeg.getLegBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(-0.15f, 0.75f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); leftLegRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // right leg revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(rightLeg.getLegBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0.15f, 0.75f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); rightLegRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // left hand revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(leftHand.getHandBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(-0.25f, 0.1f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); leftHandRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // right hand revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(rightHand.getHandBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0.25f, 0.1f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); rightHandRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef);

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• Early Z culling - Ogre

  - by teodron

  This question is concerned with how one can enable this "pixel filter" to work within an Ogre based app. Simply put, one can write two passes, the first without writing any colour values to the frame buffer lighting off colour_write off shading flat The second pass is the one that employs heavy pixel shader computations, hence it would be really nice to get rid of those hidden surface patches and not process them pixel-wise. This approach works, except for one thing: objects with alpha, such as billboard trees suffer in a peculiar way - from one side, they seem to capture the sky/background within their alpha region and ignore other trees/houses behind them, while viewed from the other side, they exhibit the desired behavior. To tackle the issue, I thought I could write a custom vertex shader in the first pass and offset the projected Z component of the vertex a little further away from its actual position, so that in the second pass there is a need to recompute correctly the pixels of the objects closest to the camera. This doesn't work at all, all surfaces are processed in the pixel shader and there is no performance gain. So, if anyone has done a similar trick with Ogre and alpha objects, kindly please help.

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• How to make a ball fall faster on a ramp?

  - by Timothy Williams

  So, I'm making a ball game. Where you pick up the ball, drop it on a ramp, and it flies off in to blocks. The only problem right now is it falls at a normal speed, then lightly falls off, not nearly fast enough to get over the wall and hit the blocks. Is there any way to make the ball go faster down the ramp? Maybe even make it go faster depending on what height you dropped it from (e.g. if you hold it way above the ramp, and drop it, it will drop faster than if you dropped it right above the ramp.)

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• CSM shadow errors when models are split

  - by KaiserJohaan

  I'm getting closer to fixing CSM, but there seems to be one more issue at hand. At certain angles, the models will be caught/split between two shadow map cascades, like below. first depth split second depth split - here you can see the model is caught between the splits How does one fix this? Increase the overlapping boundaries between the splits? Or is the frustrum erronous? CameraFrustrum CalculateCameraFrustrum(const float fovDegrees, const float aspectRatio, const float minDist, const float maxDist, const Mat4& cameraViewMatrix, Mat4& outFrustrumMat) { CameraFrustrum ret = { Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; const Mat4 perspectiveMatrix = PerspectiveMatrixFov(fovDegrees, aspectRatio, minDist, maxDist); const Mat4 invMVP = glm::inverse(perspectiveMatrix * cameraViewMatrix); outFrustrumMat = invMVP; for (Vec4& corner : ret) { corner = invMVP * corner; corner /= corner.w; } return ret; } Mat4 CreateDirLightVPMatrix(const CameraFrustrum& cameraFrustrum, const Vec3& lightDir) { Mat4 lightViewMatrix = glm::lookAt(Vec3(0.0f), -glm::normalize(lightDir), Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)); Vec4 transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[0]; float maxZ = transf.z, minZ = transf.z; float maxX = transf.x, minX = transf.x; float maxY = transf.y, minY = transf.y; for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) { transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[i]; if (transf.z > maxZ) maxZ = transf.z; if (transf.z < minZ) minZ = transf.z; if (transf.x > maxX) maxX = transf.x; if (transf.x < minX) minX = transf.x; if (transf.y > maxY) maxY = transf.y; if (transf.y < minY) minY = transf.y; } Mat4 viewMatrix(lightViewMatrix); viewMatrix[3][0] = -(minX + maxX) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][1] = -(minY + maxY) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][2] = -(minZ + maxZ) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[0][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[1][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[2][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[3][3] = 1.0f; Vec3 halfExtents((maxX - minX) * 0.5, (maxY - minY) * 0.5, (maxZ - minZ) * 0.5); return OrthographicMatrix(-halfExtents.x, halfExtents.x, halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.y, halfExtents.z, -halfExtents.z) * viewMatrix; }

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• How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

  - by Pombal

  I've read lots of articles about Data Oriented Design (DOD) and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented Programming (OOP) system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OOP interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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• Electronic circuit simulator four-way flood-filling issues

  - by AJ Weeks

  I've made an electronic circuit board simulator which has simply 3 types of tiles: wires, power sources, and inverters. Wires connect to anything they touch, other than the sides of inverters; inverters have one input side and one output side; and finally power tiles connect in a similar manner as wires. In the case of an infinite loop, caused by the output of the inverter feeding into its input, I want inverters to oscillate (quickly turn on/off). I've attempted to implement a FloodFill algorithm to spread the power throughout the grid, but seem to have gotten something wrong, as only the tiles above the power source get powered (as seen below) I've attempted to debug the program, but have had no luck thus far. My code concerning the updating of power can be seen here.

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• Drawing lines in 3D space

  - by DeadMG

  When attempting to draw a line in 3D space with D3DPT_LINELIST, then Direct3D gives me an error about an invalid vertex declaration, saying that it cannot be converted to an FVF. I am using the same vertex declaration and shader/stream setup as for my D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST rendering which works absolutely correctly. How can I use D3DPT_LINELIST to render some lines in 3D space? Edit: Oopsie, forgot my codeses. Here's my raw Draw call. D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(1, PerBoneBuffer.get(), 0, sizeof(PerInstanceData))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(1, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INSTANCEDATA | 1)); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(0, LineVerts, 0, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(0, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INDEXEDDATA | lines.size())); D3DCALL(device->SetIndices(LineIndices)); PerInstanceData* data; std::vector<Wide::Render::Line*> lines_vec(lines.begin(), lines.end()); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Lock(0, lines.size() * sizeof(PerInstanceData), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&data), D3DLOCK_DISCARD)); std::for_each(lines.begin(), lines.end(), [&](Wide::Render::Line* ptr) { data->Color = D3DXColor(ptr->Colour); D3DXMATRIXA16 Translate, Scale, Rotate; D3DXMatrixTranslation(&Translate, ptr->Start.x, ptr->Start.y, ptr->Start.z); D3DXMatrixScaling(&Scale, ptr->Scale, 1, 1); D3DXMatrixRotationQuaternion(&Rotate, &D3DQuaternion(ptr->Rotation)); data->World = Scale * Rotate * Translate; }); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Unlock()); D3DCALL(device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE::D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1)); Here's my vertex declaration: D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 BasicMeshVertices[] = { {0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, {1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, {1, 16, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1}, {1, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 2}, {1, 48, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 3}, {1, 64, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END() }; The LineIndices are just 0, 1 and the LineVerts are just {0,0,0} and {1,0,0}, to represent a unit 3D line along the X axis.

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• Convenience of mySQL over xml

  - by Bonechilla

  Currently I use XML to store specific information to correctly load a few things such as a list of specfied characters, scenes and music, Once more I use JAXB in combination with standard compression/decompression(ZIP) functionality to store a list of extrenous data. This data is called to add functionality to the character, somewhat like Skills in an RPG. Each skill is seperated into its own XML file with a grandlist which contains the names of each file with their extensions omitted and zipped in folder that gets encrypted. At first using xml was working fine however as the skill list grow i worry about its stability. I was wondering if I should begin storing the data in mySQL. Originally I planned to simply convert everything to JSON over xml but i think possibly mySQL would be a better move. Can anyone inform me of the key difference and pros and cons of each I guess i'm looking for the best way to store the data more conviently and would be easier to operate on. The data is mostly primatives and strings and the only arraylist of values i have i can just concat into a single field and parse later Edit: If I am going in the right direction with XML would it make sense to convert it to JSON and use maybe Kyro or EclipseLink JAXB (MOXy)

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• Dynamic Environment Creation

  - by Jack

  I was wondering, I'm thinking on a more small-scale, abstracted level, but how does one create a dynamic environment a la Minecraft? In specific, I'm thinking of the world as a 3 dimensional array of block objects, how is it made so that large features such as oceans are created? The language isn't important, I'm thinking on a conceptual level, but if it helps, I use C# or C++. Thanks for any help!

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• Octree implementation for fustrum culling

  - by Manvis

  I'm learning modern (=3.1) OpenGL by coding a 3D turn based strategy game, using C++. The maps are composed of 100x90 3D hexagon tiles that range from 50 to 600 tris (20 different types) + any player units on those tiles. My current rendering technique involves sorting meshes by shaders they use (minimizing state changes) and then calling glDrawElementsInstanced() for drawing. Still get solid 16.6 ms/frame on my GTX 560Ti machine but the game struggles (45.45 ms/frame) on an old 8600GT card. I'm certain that using an octree and fustrum culling will help me here, but I have a few questions before I start implementing it: Is it OK for an octree node to have multiple meshes in it (e.g. can a soldier and the hex tile he's standing on end up in the same octree node)? How is one supposed to treat changes in object postion (e.g. several units are moving 3 hexes down)? I can't seem to find good a explanation on how to do it. As I've noticed, soting meshes by shaders is a really good way to save GPU. If I put node contents into, let's say, std::list and sort it before rendering, do you think I would gain any performance, or would it just create overhead on CPU's end? I know that this sounds like early optimization and implementing + testing would be the best way to find out, but perhaps someone knows from experience?

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• Simple iOS glDrawElements - BAD_ACCESS

  - by user699215

  You can copy paste this into the default OpenGl template created in Xcode. Why am I not seeing anything :-) It is strange as the glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); is working fine, but with glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices)/sizeof(GLubyte), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); Is giving BAD_ACCESS? Copy paste this into Xcode default OpenGl template: ViewController #import "ViewController.h" #define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *)NULL + (i)) // Uniform index. enum { UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX, UNIFORM_NORMAL_MATRIX, NUM_UNIFORMS }; GLint uniforms[NUM_UNIFORMS]; // Attribute index. enum { ATTRIB_VERTEX, ATTRIB_NORMAL, NUM_ATTRIBUTES }; @interface ViewController () { GLKMatrix4 _modelViewProjectionMatrix; GLKMatrix3 _normalMatrix; float _rotation; GLuint _vertexArray; GLuint _vertexBuffer; NSArray* arrayOfVertex; } @property (strong, nonatomic) EAGLContext *context; @property (strong, nonatomic) GLKBaseEffect *effect; - (void)setupGL; - (void)tearDownGL; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2]; GLKView *view = (GLKView *)self.view; view.context = self.context; view.drawableDepthFormat = GLKViewDrawableDepthFormat24; [self setupGL]; } - (void)dealloc { [self tearDownGL]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; if ([self isViewLoaded] && ([[self view] window] == nil)) { self.view = nil; [self tearDownGL]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } self.context = nil; } // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } GLuint vertexBufferID; GLuint indexBufferID; static const GLfloat vertices[9] = { -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5 }; static const GLubyte indices[3] = { 0, 1, 2 }; - (void)setupGL { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; // [self loadShaders]; self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init]; self.effect.light0.enabled = GL_TRUE; self.effect.light0.diffuseColor = GLKVector4Make(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); // glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferID); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glGenBuffers(1, &indexBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBufferID); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, // Specifies the index of the generic vertex attribute to be modified. 3, // Specifies the number of components per generic vertex attribute. Must be 1, 2, 3, 4. GL_FLOAT, // GL_FALSE, // 0, // BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); // // glBindVertexArrayOES(0); } - (void)tearDownGL { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; glDeleteBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glDeleteVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); self.effect = nil; } #pragma mark - GLKView and GLKViewController delegate methods - (void)update { float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix; GLKMatrix4 baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f); baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(baseModelViewMatrix, _rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with GLKit GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix; // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with ES2 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL); _modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _rotation += self.timeSinceLastUpdate * 0.5f; } int i; - (void)glkView:(GLKView *)view drawInRect:(CGRect)rect { glClearColor(0.65f, 0.65f, 0.65f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); // Render the object with GLKit [self.effect prepareToDraw]; //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // Render the object again with ES2 // glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices)/sizeof(GLubyte), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); } @end

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• OpenGL ES Basic Fragment Shader help with transparency

  - by Chris

  I have just spent my first half hour playing with the shader language. I have modified the basic program I have which renders the texture, to allow me to colour the texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; /* Given the texture coordinates, our pixel shader grabs the corresponding * color from the texture. */ void main() { //gl_FragColor = texture2D(texSampler, texCoord); gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,1); } I have noticed how this affects my transparent textures, and I believe I am loosing the alpha channel which would explain why previously transparent area's appear totally black. If I use the following line instead, I am shown the transparent area's gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).aaa,1); How can I retain the transparency after this modification to the colour? I have seen various things about a .w property, and also luminous, but my tweaks with those and the .aaa property are not working XD

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• How Do I Search For Struct Items In A Vector? [migrated]

  - by Vladimir Marenus

  I'm attempting to create an inventory system using a vector implementation, but I seem to be having some troubles. I'm running into issues using a struct I made. NOTE: This isn't actually in a game code, this is a separate Solution I am using to test my knowledge of vectors and structs! struct aItem { string itemName; int damage; }; int main() { aItem healingPotion; healingPotion.itemName = "Healing Potion"; healingPotion.damage= 6; aItem fireballPotion; fireballPotion.itemName = "Potion of Fiery Balls"; fireballPotion.damage = -2; vector<aItem> inventory; inventory.push_back(healingPotion); inventory.push_back(healingPotion); inventory.push_back(healingPotion); inventory.push_back(fireballPotion); if(find(inventory.begin(), inventory.end(), fireballPotion) != inventory.end()) { cout << "Found"; } system("PAUSE"); return 0; } The preceeding code gives me the following error: 1c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 11.0\vc\include\xutility(3186): error C2678: binary '==' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type 'aItem' (or there is no acceptable conversion) There is more to the error, if you need it please let me know. I bet it's something small and silly, but I've been thumping at it for over two hours. Thanks in advance!

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• Fog shader camera problem

  - by MaT

  I have some difficulties with my vertex-fragment fog shader in Unity. I have a good visual result but the problem is that the gradient is based on the camera's position, it moves as the camera moves. I don't know how to fix it. Here is the shader code. struct v2f { float4 pos : SV_POSITION; float4 grabUV : TEXCOORD0; float2 uv_depth : TEXCOORD1; float4 interpolatedRay : TEXCOORD2; float4 screenPos : TEXCOORD3; }; v2f vert(appdata_base v) { v2f o; o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex); o.uv_depth = v.texcoord.xy; o.grabUV = ComputeGrabScreenPos(o.pos); half index = v.vertex.z; o.screenPos = ComputeScreenPos(o.pos); o.interpolatedRay = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MV, v.vertex); return o; } sampler2D _GrabTexture; float4 frag(v2f IN) : COLOR { float3 uv = UNITY_PROJ_COORD(IN.grabUV); float dpth = UNITY_SAMPLE_DEPTH(tex2Dproj(_CameraDepthTexture, uv)); dpth = LinearEyeDepth(dpth); float4 wsPos = (IN.screenPos + dpth * IN.interpolatedRay); // Here is the problem but how to fix it float fogVert = max(0.0, (wsPos.y - _Depth) * (_DepthScale * 0.1f)); fogVert *= fogVert; fogVert = (exp (-fogVert)); return fogVert; } Thanks a lot !

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• Tools for assembling textures into DDS files

  - by Nicol Bolas

  There are plenty of tools for making images. I'm not looking for one of those; I have many tools for creating an image. I've got tools for compressing images, generating mipmaps, and even for poking at their basic data format. My issue is with texture assembly. DDS files support cubemaps, array textures, and even cubemap arrays. But I don't know of a tool that can pack a series of images into a cubemap or the like. What tools are available for doing this kind of thing?

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• Detecting long held keys on keyboard

  - by Robinson Joaquin

  I just want to ask if can I check for "KEY"(keyboard) that is HOLD/PRESSED for a long time, because I am to create a clone of breakout with air hockey for 2 different human players. Here's the list of my concern: Do I need other/ 3rd party library for KEY HOLDS? Is multi-threading needed? I don't know anything about this multi-threading stuff and I don't think about using one(I'm just a NEWBIE). One more thing, what if the two players pressed their respective key at the same time, how can I program to avoid error or worse one player's key is prioritized first before the the key of the other. example: Player 1 = W for UP & S for DOWN Player 2 = O for UP & L for DOWN (example: W & L is pressed at the same time) PS: I use GLUT for the visuals of the game.

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• Resources for 2D rendering using OpenGL?

  - by nightcracker

  I noticed that there is quite some difference between 3D and 2D rendering using OpenGL, the techniques are different - pixel-perfect placing is a lot more desirable, among other things. Are there any good (complete) references on using OpenGL for rendering 2D graphics? There are quite a few "tutorials" around on the net that help you open a window, set up a half-decent environment and draw a sprite, but no real good information on rotation, blending, lightning, drawing order, using the z-buffer, particles, "complex" primitives (circles, stars, cross symbols), ensuring pixel-perfect rendering, instancing and many other staple 2D effects/techniques. Any books, great blogs, anything? Any particular awesome libraries to read?

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• Missing z-axis rotation for transforming between two vectors

  - by Steve Baughman

  I'm trying to rotate a cube so that it's facing up, but am getting hung up on the final implementation details. It now reliably will rotate the x,y axis to the correct side, but the z-axis is never rotating (See photos of before and after rotation). When I'm using the code below I always get '0' for my rotationVector.z. What am I missing here? // Define lookAt vector lookAtVector = GLKVector3Make(0,0,1); // Define axes vectors axes[0] = GLKVector3Make(0,0,1); axes[1] = GLKVector3Make(-1,0,0); axes[2] = GLKVector3Make(0,1,0); axes[3] = GLKVector3Make(1,0,0); axes[4] = GLKVector3Make(0,-1,0); axes[5] = GLKVector3Make(0,0,-1); CGFloat highest_dot = -1.0; GLKVector3 closest_axis; for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { // multiply cube's axes by existing matrix GLKVector3 axis = GLKMatrix4MultiplyVector3(matrix, axes[i]); CGFloat dot = GLKVector3DotProduct(axis, lookAtVector); if(dot > highest_dot) { closest_axis = axis; highest_dot = dot; } } GLKVector3 rotationVector = GLKVector3CrossProduct(closest_axis, lookAtVector); // Get angle between vectors CGFloat angle = atan2(GLKVector3Length(rotationVector), GLKVector3DotProduct(closest_axis, lookAtVector)); // normalize the rotation vector rotationVector = GLKVector3Normalize(rotationVector); // Create transform CATransform3D rotationTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(angle, rotationVector.x, rotationVector.y, rotationVector.z); // add rotation transform to existing transformation baseTransform = CATransform3DConcat(baseTransform, rotationTransform); return baseTransform; Before 3d Rotation After 3d Rotation Implementation based on this post

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• How does an Engine like Source process entities?

  - by Júlio Souza

  [background information] On the Source engine (and it's antecessor, goldsrc, quake's) the game objects are divided on two types, world and entities. The world is the map geometry and the entities are players, particles, sounds, scores, etc (for the Source Engine). Every entity has a think function, which do all the logic for that entity. So, if everything that needs to be processed comes from a base class with the think function, the game engine could store everything on a list and, on every frame, loop through it and call that function. On a first look, this idea is reasonable, but it can take too much resources, if the game has a lot of entities.. [end of background information] So, how does a engine like Source take care (process, update, draw, etc) of the game objects?

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• How should an object that uses composition set its composed components?

  - by Casey

  After struggling with various problems and reading up on component-based systems and reading Bob Nystrom's excellent book "Game Programming Patterns" and in particular the chapter on Components I determined that this is a horrible idea: //Class intended to be inherited by all objects. Engine uses Objects exclusively. class Object : public IUpdatable, public IDrawable { public: Object(); Object(const Object& other); Object& operator=(const Object& rhs); virtual ~Object() =0; virtual void SetBody(const RigidBodyDef& body); virtual const RigidBody* GetBody() const; virtual RigidBody* GetBody(); //Inherited from IUpdatable virtual void Update(double deltaTime); //Inherited from IDrawable virtual void Draw(BITMAP* dest); protected: private: }; I'm attempting to refactor it into a more manageable system. Mr. Nystrom uses the constructor to set the individual components; CHANGING these components at run-time is impossible. It's intended to be derived and be used in derivative classes or factory methods where their constructors do not change at run-time. i.e. his Bjorne object is just a call to a factory method with a specific call to the GameObject constructor. Is this a good idea? Should the object have a default constructor and setters to facilitate run-time changes or no default constructor without setters and instead use a factory method? Given: class Object { public: //...See below for constructor implementation concerns. Object(const Object& other); Object& operator=(const Object& rhs); virtual ~Object() =0; //See below for Setter concerns IUpdatable* GetUpdater(); IDrawable* GetRenderer(); protected: IUpdatable* _updater; IDrawable* _renderer; private: }; Should the components be read-only and passed in to the constructor via: class Object { public: //No default constructor. Object(IUpdatable* updater, IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... }; or Should a default constructor be provided and then the components can be set at run-time? class Object { public: Object(); //... SetUpdater(IUpdater* updater); SetRenderer(IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... }; or both? class Object { public: Object(); Object(IUpdater* updater, IDrawable* renderer); //... SetUpdater(IUpdater* updater); SetRenderer(IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... };

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• Rendering performance in FlasCC + UDK when compared to Stage3d and UDK on Windows?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  Adobe recently released the Flash C++ Compiler, which UDK uses to target Flash Player. Developers can now access UDK for browser applications. Does this mean greater performance than using a Stage3D engine (Away3D 4) and how much of a noticeable difference in performance would it make in rendering speeds? Is there any benchmark you could propose that would allow to compare them fairly? I am asking this to help myself understand the consequences in performance for deciding to use UDK in a browser based game. I would also like to know how it compares with UDK running natively in Windows? I am not asking which technology to use or which is better. Only interested in optimizing rendering speed in a 3d browser game with flash.

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• Java - 2d Array Tile Map Collision

  - by Corey

  How would I go about making certain tiles in my array collide with my player? Like say I want every number 2 in the array to collide. I am reading my array from a txt file if that matters and I am using the slick2d library. Here is my code if needed. public class Tiles { Image[] tiles = new Image[3]; int[][] map = new int[500][500]; Image grass, dirt, mound; SpriteSheet tileSheet; int tileWidth = 32; int tileHeight = 32; public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.txt")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); y=y+1; } //System.out.println(""); x=x+1; y = 0; } in.close(); } public void update() { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int x = 0; x < 50; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < 50; y ++) { int textureIndex = map[y][x]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } } I tried something like this, but I it doesn't ever "collide". X and y are my player position. if (tiles.map[(int)x/32][(int)y/32] == 2) { System.out.println("Collided"); }

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• LWJGL Determining whether or not a polygon is on-screen.

  - by Brandon oubiub

  Not sure whether this is an LWJGL or math question. I want to check whether a shape is on-screen, so that I don't have to render it if it isn't. First of all, is there any simple way to do this that I am overlooking? Like some method or something that I haven't found? I'm going to assume there isn't. I tried using my trigonometry skills, but it is hard to do this because of how glRotate also distorts the image a little for perspective and realism. Or, is there any way to easily determine if a ray starting from the camera, and going outward in a straight line intersects a shape? (I can probably do it with my math skillz, but is there an easier way?) By the way, I can easily determine the angle at which the camera is facing around the x and y axis. EDIT: Or, possibly, I could get the angles of a vector from the camera to the object, and compare those angles to my camera angles. But I have a feeling that the distorts from glRotate and glTranslate would be an issue. I'll try it though.

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• Maintain proper symbol order when applying an armature in flash

  - by Michael Taufen

  I am trying to animate a character's leg in flash CS 5.5 for a game I am working on. I decided to use the bone tool because it's awesome. The problem I am having, however, is that for my character to be animated properly, the symbols that make up his leg (upper leg, lower leg, and shoe) need to be on top of each other in a specific way (otherwise the shoe looks like its next to the leg, etc). Applying the bones results in the following problem: the first symbol I apply it to is placed in the rear on the armature layer, the next on top of it, and so on, until the final symbol is already on top. I need them to be in the opposite order, but arrange send to back does nothing on the armature layer. How can I fix this? tl;dr: The bone tool is not maintaining the stacking order of my objects, please help. Thanks for helping :).

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• Retrieving model position after applying modeltransforms in XNA

  - by Glen Dekker

  For this method that the goingBeyond XNA tutorial provides, it would be really convenient if I could retrieve the new position of the model after I apply all the transforms to the mesh. I have edited the method a little for what I need. Does anyone know a way I can do this? public void DrawModel( Camera camera ) { Matrix scaleY = Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(1, 2, 1)); Matrix temp = Matrix.CreateScale(100f) * scaleY * rotationMatrix * translationMatrix * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi / 6) * translationMatrix2; Matrix[] modelTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(modelTransforms); if (camera.getDistanceFromPlayer(position+position1) > 3000) return; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.World = modelTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * temp * worldMatrix; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; } mesh.Draw(); } }

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